Search

The article discusses the main features and ways of terminological nomination, as well as other ways to replenish transport terminology. The terminology of water transport is an integral terminological system, within which terminological fields are distinguished: a system of ports, terms related to the design of documentation used in this field. The system under consideration is being intensively expanded and updated. Examples of special terms in the field of water transport organization in Russian and French are given.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the typology of special vocabulary in the modern language of technology and the study of the proportion of functional and stylistic types of special lexical units (terms, nomens, pragmonyms, terminoids, professionalisms) in scientific and technical texts of various genres. To study the ratio of the types of special vocabulary, popular scientific articles from aviation electronic journals, individual chapters of Ph.D. theses as well as fragments of aviation textbooks in English and German were analyzed. The total volume of the studied texts is 180, 000 characters (30,000 characters for each genre in one language). Based on this material, 2,426 English special lexical units and 2,465 German special lexical units were identified and distributed into separate categories. As a result of the study, it was found that the proportion of types of special vocabulary in scientific and technical texts of the corresponding genres in English and German is approximately the same. In all analyzed popular science, scientific and educational texts, the proportion of terms considerably prevails. The largest number of terms is used in educational texts. In popular science texts, nomens are used more often than in texts of other genres. Terminoids and professionalisms are very rarely used in the studied texts.

This article discusses the structure of sectoral (special) vocabulary in the development of language and studies sectoral (special) vocabulary as a set of lexical units used in professional communication between specialists, and also analyzes the composition of sectoral vocabulary, in which the categories of special lexemes are distinguished.

Stratagema oeconomicum by S. Gubert (1645) is one of the first German-language instructions on farming in the historical region of Livonia. In 1747, M. Lomonosov translated Gubert’s book into Russian under the title Lifljandskaia Ekonomiia (‘Economy of Livonia’). This translation was an adaptation of the original German text (which is characterized by the abundance of words denoting objects common in a rural area) to the geographical and sociocultural conditions of 18th century Russia. In general, Lomonosov’s translation is close to the original.Nevertheless, a comparison of the two texts reveals a number of differences in lexical semantics and style. To convey the meaning of German words into the Russian text, Lomonosov used general language as well as dialect vocabulary, possibly referring to knowledge from his own life experience. In some cases, he also constructed new words by transliterating German terms. Sometimes, in fragments containing long sequences of terms, their order was changed or one or more terms were eliminated from the list. The eliminated terms, as a rule, denote objects that were less significant in the context of agriculture in the European part of Russia, or duplicate words and expressions mentioned earlier in the text. This strategy follows the tradition that existed in Russia since the time of Peter the Great, allowing for an abridged translation. The study of special vocabulary in Lifljandskaia Ekonomiia in connection with the original German text reveals a number of facts that can be taken into account when preparing the reprint of Lomonosov’s works.

The article is devoted to the terminological aspects of translation, which cause difficulties in reproducing the German professional vocabulary of the shipbuilding and seafaring in the Ukrainian language. The authors consider a special vocabulary, which includes professional vocabulary, jargon and nomenclature. And since these days international communication plays a crucial role in the formation of the country on the world stage, the focus is precisely on terminology, the correct translation of which will allow experts in any industry to understand each other. The case study revealed that the Ukrainian terminology of shipbuilding and seafaring is non-uniform and non-standard, which significantly complicates the translation. The main obstacle to adequate translation is the phenomenon of synonymy. Maritime terminology has a rich tradition in the German language, which is associated with the presence of realities that should be reproduced by means of the Ukrainian language. In this case, the approach of lexical borrowing is useful, which provides target text economy; although in some cases, it can complicate the perception of exotic vocabulary in the target language. In order to avoid these difficulties, it is appropriate to use descriptive translation or analogue choice in particular cases. Many terms of shipbuilding and seafaring are part of the phraseological units, which creates additional difficulties in translating the latter. The main research presents the ways of rendering of German terms in the field of shipbuilding and seafaring in the Ukrainian language within the lexical and semantic approaches of translation, represented by the techniques of transcription, loan translation and descriptive translation. Loan translation and transcription (in particular, practical transcription) were identified as the main translation techniques. As the result of researched vocabulary analysis, it was revealed that the main difficulties during translation are caused by etymology of lexems and collocations. For adequate translation of special vocabulary of shipbuilding and seafaring, it is necessary to use the relevant subject knowledge and thoroughly explore the semantics of paticular terminological units.

Феномен родного языка : коммуникативно-лингвистический, социокультурный, философский и психологический аспекты : сборник научных статей [по материалам междунар. науч.-практ. интернет-конф., посвященной Международному дню родного языка, 21 февраля 2018 г.]. - Витебск : ВГУ имени П. М. Машерова, 2018. - С. 100-103. - Библиогр.: с. 103 (6 назв.)., В статье обоснована необходимость обучения магистрантов навыкам перевода, раскрыты особенности освоения магистрантами специальной лексики, выявлены способы работы по овладению навыками перевода профессионального словаря с английского языка на русский. = The necessity of teaching graduate students to translation skills is grounded in the article, the peculiarities of learning professional vocabulary are shown, the ways of teaching professional vocabulary translation are found out.

В статье рассматриваются особенности преподавания английского языка профессионального направления студентам, обучающимся по специальности «нефтегазовое дело», анализируются новые профессионально-ориентированные технологии в обучении и формируются основные принципы мотивации студентов во время усвоения нового материала. Также в работе представлен перечень типичных ситуаций профессионально-ориентированного общения, направленных на улучшение понимания студентами специфики сферы применения лексики, изучаемого в их будущей профессиональной деятельности., This article examines the peculiarities of teaching English in a professional direction to students studying in the specialty "oil industry", analyzes new professionally-oriented technologies in teaching and forms the basic principles of motivating students during the assimilation of new material. The paper also presents a list of typical situations of professionally oriented communication aimed at improving students' understanding of the specifics of the scope of the vocabulary being studied in their future professional activities.

The project of an ideographic dictionary of the Russian construction vocabulary is presented. The main principles of dictionary compilation, the thematic groups of lexical units, and the dictionary entry are presented. Lexical units previously unrecorded in the terminological dictionaries and the National Corpus of the Russian Language are analyzed.

In the conditions of the rapid development of technics and technology in recent years, the cooperation of the scientific-technical language with the standard Albanian language is continuing with a higher intensity than before. We notice a vigor of enrichment in the vocabulary of technical terminology, due to the creation and formation of new fields and subfields of technics, technology, also computing, mechatronics, telemetry, a multitude of concepts many of which, on one hand, are marked with names of the languages they come from, mainly from English, but on the other hand, they meet their needs with the lexical mother tongue composition (by common words being raised to terms) and with the activation of other layers, such as word-combination (word-group) terms. In this paper, in a more pronounced way, we are exploring with priority the formation process of terms from common words in technical terminologies. The influence of the scientific-technical language on the general one will be further strengthened in future, because science and its language are beginning to play an increasingly more important role on the development of culture in general.

This article studies the problem of teaching translators in special vocabulary in the modern linguistic and economic situation. In our time, science is constantly developing. The rapid development of science and technology has revealed the need for training translators to pay close attention to the ability of future translators to work with terms and special vocabulary found in various fields of activity. The article also raises the question of what knowledge students should have before teaching them special vocabulary, that is, the predecessors of such special seminars should be such language disciplines as linguistics, lexicology of the German language, phonetics of the German language, etc. The research was carried out on the material of special dictionaries and scientific and technical texts, in which a large number of German and Russian term units were found. Consideration of terminological systems of subject areas of informatics and cybernetics seems to be especially relevant, since this group of terms is one of the most important parts of a complex terminology system in modern science. As a result of the study, the elements of the terminology system were combined into some thematic groups. Further, the ratio of terms and professionalisms, the shadows of their meaning, origin and use were considered.

The article is devoted to terms, their particular qualities and functions in modern Russian language. The scientific analysis and description of terms existing in mechanical engineering can help to identify the term system hierarchy and language structures that provide relationship of the terms within it. Materials of the article will be used in “Mechanical engineering dictionary” that is devoted to analysis of terms and term system used in mechanical engineering.

The author gives a theoretical basis and explains the nature of various errors and difficulties encountered in the translation of scientific texts. He considers the types of error characteristic of translation of terms and general scientific vocabulary. The linguistic and extra linguistic factors that impede the search for adequate translation equivalent are described.

The gan po region, one of the earliest rice growing places in the world, has started the history of farming in ancient times. And, through archaeological sampling and excavation, wild rice and cultivated rice,17,000 years ago and 12000 years ago, respectively, have been found by Chinese and American experts in Wannian district of Jiangxi province at the end of last century. It shows that the poyang area of Jiangxi province has become the beginning of rice farming in China early in the late paleolithic and early neolithic period, also, played an vital role in the history of rice farming in the world. The long history of agricultural civilization forms the folk culture of poyang farming, which is fully reflected in dialect vocabulary. Its folk customs reflected in the dialect vocabulary are mainly reflected in these aspects of spring plowing and sowing, rice field management, rice harvest, farmers' sacrifice and agricultural festivals and so on.

In the article it is said about the importance of learning terminology by the bilingual students at the lessons of Russian as a foreign language. The article not only gives a historical reference to the appearance of the terminology, but also puts a question of learning special terminology. It also gives the methods of solving this problem, as there is no understanding between the specialists of one profession without the knowledge of terminology. The bilingual students' ability to combine terms on the basis of their knowledge makes their speech more professional and exact (1). Keywords—terminology; bilingual students; Russian as a foreign language I. INTRODUCTION In connection with the development of the new technologies and opening of new tendencies in all the spheres of science (natural sciences, exact sciences and liberal arts), the vocabulary of the Russian language is actively replenished with the terms, and in connection with it the science - terminology is also developing. With the process of globalization there began an intensified integration tendency in science, culture and education, which gave an opportunity to get (draw,borrow) new words from the common receptacle (more often of European languages) and to use this vocabulary as terms. Integration tendencies induced a powerful current of a new special vocabulary, which became necessary and penetrating in all the spheres of human activities. Among the scientists the problem of the vocabulary integration induces strong discussions, and there also appears the discontent of the scientists, who fight for the purity of the Russian language. The integration is inevitable and rightful in the majority of cases, because in the science, culture and education the integration tendencies are also intensifying (2). The word stock of the language in expanding as well as the stock of special vocabulary.

To automatically classify natural scenes instead of manual ways, this paper proposes a novel approach to recognize scene categories. First, we extract appearance features from an image similar to a pyramid. Then, the visual words are generated from different classes separately based on Bag of Words (BOW) model. At last, Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) algorithm is used to obtain histogram of visual words and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is applied to classification. There are two contributions in this paper: one is that we partition an image into patches at different resolution levels and use multiple descriptors to obtain some omissive image information; the other is that visual words are formed by performing K-means clustering from each category and concatenated to form a dictionary distinguish to traditional BOW. We present satisfactory performances on a large scale of 13 categories dataset.

Twenty-five patients suffering from stage II alcoholism and 20 normal persons were subjected to a psycholinguistic study. The examined were asked to put down words associated with a booze situation. Out of 608 associated words thus derived, only 63 words (10%) turned out to be used by patients and normal persons whereas only 23% of the patients' words were entries of the dictionary of the Russian language. It is concluded that the alcoholic vocabulary of patients may be regarded as a specialized language with a specific contents. It is dominated by the so-called operational words associated with the process of purchasing alcoholic drinks, with the site and amount of booze as well as by the words synonymous to the word to 'knock back'. The alcoholic vocabulary of normal persons was dominated by the words relating to the drinking and companionable themes. The psycholinguistic experiment makes it possible to differentiate between patients and normal persons not only at the group but also at the individual level.

That the Eudemian Ethics is a genuine work of Aristotle, belonging to a middle stage in his development, is now widely accepted on the various grounds advanced by Jaeger and others from 1909 onwards. (From 1841 there had been universal acceptance of Spengel's ascription of the work to Eudemus himself.) I want to show (in section A) that, quite apart from those considerations, there is no reason to doubt the authenticity of E.E. on the ground of peculiarities in its vocabulary, as these can be explained in various ways. A presentation of the evidence as regards special vocabulary may in any case be of interest, and may throw some light eventually on its position among Aristotle's writings, if it belongs among them; and for this reason I add a further section (B) on words in E.E. uncommon in Aristotle.

This article discusses features of the implementation of linguistic norms in international treaties.The proposed study has a purpose to identify linguistic means present in international document texts, i.e. treaties that are to fix the agreement that parties achieve with a view to establishing relations and regulating them in future. The research material is 1000 texts of international treaties. The total amount of factual material analyzed is over 6000 pages. Our methodology is based on the works by domestic and foreign authors on general theory of speech activity, laws of perception and understanding of speech, and the peculiarities of the generation of a statement, translation theory, and international law. One of the most important means of expressing information in a text is its lexical composition. International treaties texts comprise different types of vocabulary (common, terminological, specialized, etc.) that performs text- and style forming functions. From the point of view of grammar, compiling international treaties involves using particular grammatical forms and categories, syntactic structures and types of phrases. The essence of international treaties texts implies the presence of special clichs of a business style. In the preparation and editing of international treaties, the adequate use of appropriate vocabulary and grammatical means leads to a reduction of ambiguities and discrepancies in the texts of these documents.

Today wealth of Uzbek terminology is predominantly because of the utilization of different languages and word arrangement is giving. The principle factor that decides the soundness of a specifically expressed framework in a specific field is its routineness. The wording has its quirks. For instance, assuming the normal language is synonymy, congruity, furthermore extravagance of the language, it is a negative peculiarity in terminology. The Uzbek language has gone through a notable way of advancement. This article introduced the hypothetical order of the most widely recognized sorts of game terms since terminology spread generally and become a fundamental piece of our advanced society and regularly we don't feel or recognize them as neologisms. They mirror all progressions occurring in our life from the advancement of innovation to the social and sociopolitical modifications. All sections help to group the word development of new words and word phrases as per their starting point, deduction, and historical background. Because of various sort of models, which were taken from various languages, the students will want to appear to be legit the impact of new words on our present vocabulary.

Туризм в глобализированном мире представляет собой уникальную коммуникативную сферу общения, открытую для исследования новых граней и аспектов данного сложного явления, рассматриваемого современными лингвистами с позиций анализа дискурса. Исследование посвящено изучению особенностей туристической лексики, её основным словообразовательным моделям, лексико-семантическим процессам терминологизации и установлению тематических групп, репрезентирующих потребностную составляющую непосредственных участников коммуникативного общения – работников сферы туризма и их клиентов., Tourism in the globalized world is a unique communicative sphere of communication, open to the study of new facets and aspects of a complex phenomenon considered by modern linguists from the standpoint of discourse analysis. The research is devoted to the consideration of the main features of tourist vocabulary, its main word-formation models, lexico-semantic processes of terminologization and the establishment of thematic groups representing the participants of communication – tourism workers and their clients.

Aineistossani lääkärin ja potilaan välillä on kaksinkertainen tiedollinen epäsymmetria: lääkäri on asiantuntija sekä lääketieteen että suomen kielen suhteen, kun taas potilas on maallikko ja puhuu suomea toisena kielenä tai kommunikoi tulkin välityksellä. Näin ollen lääketieteellinen sanasto ja muu asiantuntijainformaatio vaatii usein selittämistä tullakseen ymmärretyksi. Tarkastelen artikkelissani 50 tällaisen selityksen kokoelmaa keskustelunanalyysin ja vuorovaikutuslingvistiikan metodein. Analysoin selittämistä vuorovaikutuksellisena toimintana ja erittelen selitysten semanttisia, rakenteellisia, sanastollisia ja multimodaalisia piirteitä. Lääkärien selitykset limittyvät muihin keskustelun toimintoihin ja auttavat kuljettamaan meneillään olevaa vastaanoton vaihetta eteenpäin. Selitykset voivat olla lyhyitä (X eli Y) tai koostua monesta erirakenteisesta osasta (X on Y; X tarkoittaa että Y; X liittyy Y:hyn). Selitykset ovat selkokielisiä ja sisällöltään yksinkertaisia, ja niissä käytetään paljon suurpiirteisyyttä ilmaisevaa sanastoa (vähän niinku, semmonen, tavallaan). Lisäksi selityksiä tuetaan elein ja materiaalisin resurssein. Lääkärit huomioivat selityksissä erityisesti potilaan yksilölliseen tilanteeseen liittyvät seikat ja käytännön asiat. Selittämisen tavoitteena näyttääkin täsmällisyyden sijaan olevan vastaanottokäynnin hoitamisen kannalta riittävä ymmärrys., In my data of multicultural primary care consultations, there are two types of asymmetry of knowledge between the physician and the patient. Firstly, the physician is an expert in the field of medicine and the patient is not, and secondly, the physician is a native Finnish speaker whereas the patient is an immigrant and speaks Finnish as a second language or communicates via an interpreter. Due to this, the use of medical terminology and other special vocabulary often requires explaining in order to be understood by the patient. In this article, I analyze 50 such explanations. I employ conversation analysis to examine explaining as an action in the context of primary care consultations, and interactional linguistics to analyze semantic, structural and lexical features of explanations. In order to progress with the consultation, explanations are typically embedded in the on-going phase, such as giving the diagnosis or detailing treatment. The types and structures of the explanations vary. Some explanations are short (X i. e. Y), while others consist of several different structures (X is Y; X means that Y; X is linked to Y). The vocabulary used in the explanation turns is general, and the use of discourse markers that express uncertainty and indeterminacy (vähän niinku ‘a bit like’, semmonen ‘kind of ’, tavallaan ‘in a way’) is frequent. To make the explanations more understandable, physicians illustrate them with gestures. Instead of being precise, the aim of the explanations seems to be to provide the patients with practical information and to help them cope with their individual situation.

Работа посвящена описанию охотничьей лексики тувинцев в языковой картине мира. Тувинцы – кочевой народ, который издавна занимается охотничьим промыслом, в связи с чем использовали и по сегодняшний день используют в речи лексику охоты. Слова, входящие в состав данной лексико-семантической группы, отражают уникальность культуры, особенности быта тувинского народа. В охотничьей лексике, как сказано выше, отражается языковая картина мира тувинцев. Но в настоящее время эта уникальная лексика становится малоиспользуемой, незаметно исчезающей из языка. Особенности культуры и образ жизни каждого народа выражаются его языком, ввиду этого закрепление, систематизация и описание лексики охоты в тувинском языкознании остается одной из актуальных задач., The work is devoted to the description of the hunting vocabulary of Tuvans in the language picture of the world. Tuvans are a nomadic people who have long been engaged in hunting, and therefore used and still use the vocabulary of hunting in their speech. The words that are part of this lexical and semantic group reflect the uniqueness of the culture and life of the Tuvan people. The hunting vocabulary reflects the language picture of the world of Tuvans. But at present, this unique vocabulary is becoming little used, imperceptibly disappearing from the language. The peculiarities of culture and way of life of each nation are expressed in its language, therefore, fixing, systematization and description of the hunting vocabulary in Tuvan linguistics remains one of the urgent tasks.

Охота и рыболовство в жизни тувинцев играют важную роль. В каждом охотничьем и рыболовном сезоне есть свои виды и способы охоты, ловли рыбы. Человек, занимающийся данными видами хозяйственней деятельности, точно знает, когда, где и чем охотиться на того или иного зверя, где и как поймать ту либо иную рыбу. Для жителей некоторых районов Тувы, занимающихся охотой и рыболовством, данный вид хозяйственной деятельности считается профессиональным. Следовательно, данный пласт лексики становится специальным (профессиональным), в связи с этим перед исследователями стоит важная задача сбора и систематизации языковых единиц, относящихся к охотничьей и рыболовной лексике, как раздела хозяйственной культуры тувинцев. Основная цель данной статьи – анализ лексики охоты и рыболовства. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что некоторые орудия и способы охоты на зверей и ловли рыбы существовали в глубокой древности и сохранились до настоящего времени., Hunting and fishing play an important role in the life of Tuvans. Each hunting and fishing season has its own types and methods of hunting and fishing. A person engaged in these types of economic activities knows exactly when, where and how to hunt a particular animal, where and how to catch a particular fish. For residents of some areas of Tuva engaged in hunting and fishing, this type of economic activity is considered professional. Consequently, this layer becomes a special (professional) vocabulary. Thus, the researchers are faced with an important task of collecting and systematizing language units related to hunting and fishing vocabulary as a section of the economic culture of the Tuvans. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the vocabulary of hunting and fishing. The results of the study indicate that some tools and methods of hunting animals and catching fish existed in ancient times and have survived to the present day.

English has an impact in many European languages and Albanian language as well. English words have flooded everywhere and even unnecessary words are borrowed, so it has conquered several languages of the world. This spread of English words in the Albanian language lexicon of economics and business administration is a consequence of political, economic, cultural, scientific influence, etc., in particular after 1990 (in Albania, on the occasion of opening up to the world) and in Kosovo after June 1999 (on the occasion of the entry of NATO ground forces into Kosovo). English words or of English descent have entered as terms in particular areas of social activity. In the field of business administration, economics, finance, trade and management, these are terms that primarily denote notions and phenomena of international economics, financial and trade relations, US and UK monetary units, such as: arbitrage, audit, assets, balance sheet, business, businessman, board, budget, check, economy, export, fiscal, grant, import, equity, clearing, license, leader, trust, dollar, pound, sterling, etc.

As LONG AGO AS I947, in discussing the castes of his village, a Thakur (Rajput) of the Jaunpur District of the North Indian State of Uttar Pradesh remarked: "When the Kahar and the Musahar carry the palanquin, they have all sorts of names for the things they meet-the ditch, the rise in the ground, and so forth. If you are riding in the palanquin, you can't understand what they are saying." This statement indicates that the palanquin-bearers of the area are drawn from more than one caste and that they have developed some kind of special vocabulary or "trade language" that they employ while carrying palanquins. Since I947 a considerable amount of information has been accumulated by Cornell University research workers concerning the palanquin-bearers of the region and their mode of expression, and an attempt will be made in these pages to summarize these materials.

Феномен родного языка : коммуникативно-лингвистический, социокультурный, философский и психологический аспекты : сборник научных статей [по материалам междунар. науч.-практ. интернет-конф., посвященной Международному дню родного языка, 21 февраля 2018 г.]. - Витебск : ВГУ имени П. М. Машерова, 2018. - С. 110-114. - Библиогр.: с. 114 (8 назв.)., Статья посвящена организации профессионально-ориентированного обучения немецкому языку студентов туристического профиля. Автор выделяет основные проблемы, возникающие в процессе преподавания предмета «Спецтерминология на иностранном языке» студентам туристической специальности, и предлагает возможные варианты их решения. = The article deals with profession-oriented teaching of German to tourist management course students. The main educational problems in teaching special vocabulary are singled out and the possible solutions are given.

Рассматривается проблема отбора активного специального лексического минимума в обучении немецкому языку студентов-бакалавров юридических специальностей. Дается обоснование применения методических и ряда лингвистических принципов отбора активных специальных лексических единиц с учетом предметной и междисциплинарной специфики языковой подготовки, лингвистических и экстралингвистических особенностей языка права. Определение состава специальной лексики осуществляется на основе анализа отечественных и зарубежных терминологических исследований в области права., The article deals with the problem of selection of active special vocabulary minimum for teaching German to the students of bachelor programmes studying Law. It gives the reason for usage of methodological and a number of linguistic principles of selection of active special lexical units taking into account the specifics of the subject and interdisciplinary language training, linguistic and extra-linguistic features of judicial language. The choice of special vocabulary is based on the analysis of domestic and foreign terminological research in the field of law. The methodical principles are determining in case of the choice of the corresponding types of the original German legal texts acting as a source of basic special vocabulary of the studied branches of law. In case of selection of active special lexicon, first of all, of all-legal, law branches related and interrelated legal terms the linguistic principles are fundamental: semantic, word-formation value and polysemy of lexical units.

The diploma thesis focuses on linguistic terminology in current mass media discourse. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the occurrences of linguistic terms in the corpus SYN2013PUB and to describe their function, meaning and context and the process of their determinologization. The first part concerns the existing approaches to terms and terminology, the specifics of the linguistics terminology, the function of the terms in the professional style and their use in the journalistic style. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the relations between general lexicon and terminology, terminologization and determinologization. The analysis of the examples indicates, how to follow the determinologization in the texts. The examples are classified according to the indicators of determinologization. These indicators are typical means of journalistic style (which contains terms), journalistic innovation of the collocability, specific ways of explaining the terms and the semantics or formal modifications of the terms. The determinologization is considered an unfinished process, accomplished for diverse corpus occurrences of linguistic terms in various extent.

In some studies academic and sub-technical vocabulary was the most problematic area of academic writing in English for science research students (Shaw 1991;Santos 2002;Thurstun and Candlin, 1998). In the case of medicine as well as medical terms which are in the category of Nation (2001) as “specialized words”, students also have to deal with academic words or sub-technical words. Sub-technical vocabulary comprises a range of registers or topic areas in academic and technical language. (e.g. analyze, context, valid, react, function) (Nation, 2001). Using/learning academic vocabulary, both learners and users should pay special attention to rhetorical functions of this set of words in academic literature. In the current paper, the role of academic vocabulary in academic texts, the methods of learning and teaching vocabulary will be discussed based on the current literature on vocabulary acquisition.

The purpose of the work is to determine the peculiarities of the formation of the Belarusian scientific language. Objectives of the research: consideration of ways of the Belarusian scientific language formation through the prism of terminology. The object of the research is the Belarusian scientific language, the subject - approaches to its development in the early twentieth century. In the initial period of the formation of the Belarusian scientific language the existence of different variants of its formation can be identified (natural way and conscious terminological approach as a result of language policy)., Статья посвящена анализу особенностей формирования белорусского научного языка в начале ХХ в., определению роли терминологии в становлении белорусского языка науки. В исследовании осуществляется попытка осмысления воздействия эктралингвистических факторов на становление белорусского научного языка.

В работе осуществлена попытка обобщения имеющегося опыта в сфере изучения спе- циальной лексики белорусского языка в период 1990–2016 гг., определения спектра реша- емых проблем, осмысления направлений проведенных исследований. При анализе работ ре- презентативного характера – диссертаций и научных монографий – внимание обращается на наиболее разработанные проблемы и показательные для развития национального термино- ведения. Предполагается, что определение имеющихся подходов изучения специальной лек- сики белорусского языка и их систематизация способствуют как осмыслению имеющегося опыта, так и усовершенствованию методов исследования специальной лексики белорусского языка в дальнейшем, выбору новых направлений. Анализ работ за последние 25 лет в Бела- руси показал, что определенный опыт, безусловно, имеется. На основе изучения хронологии и тематики проведенных исследований можно сделать вывод относительно активности этой деятельности и круга разработанных вопросов. В период 90-х гг. ХХ ст. – начала ХХІ ст. основными аспектами исследований стало изучение вопросов истории и современного со- стояния терминологии; теория термина, определение статуса термина и его семантики, соот- ношение терминов и нетерминов, сопоставительный аспект терминологических систем разных языков, проектирование терминологии, теория и практика терминографии, функционирование и упорядочение терминосфер, государственная стандартизация, международная координа- ция и унификация, формирование научного стиля. Как показал анализ, разноаспектные ис- следования ориентированы на решение комплекса теоретических и прикладных вопросов. Отмеченные направления изучения специальной лексики на практике часто не имеют четкого противопоставления, а теоретико-практическим исследованиям характерно пересечение тем и проблем. Предполагается, что решение проблем отечественного терминоведения способ- ствует дальнейшему развитию отдельного направления лингвистических исследований – тео- рии терминоведения. У даследаванні ажыццяўляецца спроба падагульнення наяўнага вопыту ў справе вы- вучэння спецыяльнай лексікі беларускай мовы ў перыяд 1990–2016 гг., вызначэння спектра ўзнятых праблем, асэнсавання кірункаў праведзеных даследаванняў. Пры аналізе прац рэпрэ- зентатыўнага характару – дысертацый і навуковых манаграфій – увага звернута на найбольш распрацаваныя праблемы і паказальныя для развіцця нацыянальнага тэрміназнаўства. Акрэ- сле нне наяўных падыходаў да вывучэння спецыяльнай лексікі беларускай мовы і іх сістэматыза- цыя спрыяе як асэнсаванню назапашанага вопыту, так і ўдасканаленню метадаў даследавання спецыяльнай лексікі беларускай мовы ў далейшым, выбару новых кірункаў вывучэння спе- цыяльнай лексікі. Мяркуецца, што вырашэнне праблем айчыннага тэрміназнаўства паспрыяе далейшаму развіццю асобнага кірунка лінгвістычных даследаванняў – тэорыі тэрміназнаўства. Научни скупови / Српска академија наука и уметности ; књ. 157. Одељење језика и књижевности ; књ. 28

В данной статье рассматриваются основные аспекты разработки и реализации методики обучения студентов юридических факультетов составлению и редактированию текстов международных договоров. Разработанная методика обучения направлена на формирование специальных умений, необходимых в ходе составления и редактирования двуязычных договорных текстов. Данная методика обеспечивает овладение студентами основным умением – самостоятельно составлять и редактировать тексты международных договоров. Основным средством реализации поставленной цели является разработанный нами комплекс упражнений и заданий, реализующий принципы поэтапного формирования умений составления и редактирования текстов международных договоров.

Business English shall at a point imply introduction of more specific material not as much in what the linguistic part is concerned but more precisely in concording some language structures with the particular activities involved by the sophisticated busi

в статье рассматриваются особенности заимствований французской технической лексики в русском языке. Особое внимание уделено способам заимствований и адаптации авиационной терминологии французского происхождения в русской терминосистеме., The article reviews linguistic borrowing aspects of French technical lexis into Russian language. The major attention is focused on methods of adoption and localization of French origin aviation terminology in Russian language term system

В статье раскрываются особенности вербальной репрезентации кинообраза учителя в контексте китайской культуры. Учитель в традиционной китайской культуре имеет высокий социальный статус и непререкаемый авторитет. Автор на примере кинотекста «Восемь уроков» раскрывает основные способы и средства репрезентации образа профессионального учителя в художественном кинотексте. The article reveals the peculiarities of verbal representation of the film image of a teacher in the Chinese culture. Traditionally in the Chinese culture a teacher obtains high social position and incontestable authority. The author on the material of film text “Eight lessons” attempts to reveal general methods and means of representation of a professional teacher in feature film text.

The official vocabulary of Russian state correspondence is characterized by a high level of saturation with diplomatic terminology and terminology of international law, as well as standardized speech turns. Special vocabulary is the main core around which the whole document is built in lexical terms from the point of view of belonging to the style. It can include the names of diplomatic institutions, bodies, procedures, officials, diplomatic documents and their parts, etc. The proportion of each lexical layer is not the same. If the common vocabulary makes up the majority of the elements, then the special vocabulary is the "diplomatic background" of the document. In order to investigate the composition of the official vocabulary of Russian state correspondence as a special fragment of diplomatic discourse, it is necessary to dwell in more detail on the question of the thematic groups that are part of it. The formation and development of each lexical macro group is determined by a number of factors, which include the state of language in society and the level of development of the corresponding functional styles.