Search

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of CO2 during sleep on next-morning cognitive performance in young schoolchildren, the authors performed a double-blind fully balanced crossover placebo-controlled study.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors included 36 children aged 10-12 years in the climate chamber. The children slept at 21°C in 6 groups each at 3 different conditions separated by 7 days in a random order. Conditions were as follows: high ventilation with CO2 at 700 ppm, high ventilation with added pure CO2 at 2000-3000 ppm, and reduced ventilation with CO2 at 2-3000 ppm and bioeffluents. Children were subjected to a digital cognitive test battery (CANTAB) in the evening prior to sleep and on the next morning after breakfast. Sleep quality was monitored with wrist actigraphs.RESULTS: There were no significant exposure effects on cognitive performance. Sleep efficiency was significantly lower at high ventilation with CO2 at 700 ppm which is considered to be a chance effect. No other effects were seen, and no relation between air quality during sleep and next-morning cognitive performance was observed in the children emitting an estimated 10 lCO2/h per child.CONCLUSIONS: No effect of CO2 during sleep was found on next day cognition. The children were awakened in the morning, and spent from 45-70 min in well-ventilated rooms before they were tested. Hence, it cannot be precluded that the children have benefitted from the good indoor air quality conditions before and during the testing period. The slightly better sleep efficiency during high CO2 concentrations might be a chance finding. Hence, replication is needed in actual bedrooms controlling for other external factors before any generalizations can be made.

研究では，先行研究（大谷ら，2020）以降に公表された研究論文を対象とし，文献レビューを行った。具体的には，選定した発達障害児に対するライフキャリア教育に関する研究論文を，設定した観点で整理し，次に教育実践における必要性，有用性に着目し，7つの要点を抽出した。要点とは「キャリアに関する実態」，「キャリア実態に即した学習目標」，「自己」，「明確な学習テーマ」，「職業的な体験を通した学び」，「児童生徒同士，児童生徒と支援者との関係」，「人的な支援環境」である。そして， これらの要点を自閉スペクトラム症児のライフキャリア発達支援における要点であると結論づけた。 また，教育実践に活用するために，要点を授業の “ 組み立て ” に沿って再構成し，授業の要件として示した。, In this study, we reviewed research articles published after our previous study (Otani et al., 2020). Specifically, the selected research articles on life career education for children with developmental disabilities were organized from a set perspective, and then seven main points were extracted, focusing on their necessity and usefulness in educational practice. The seven key points are：“actual conditions related to careers”, “learning goals in line with actual career conditions”, “self”, “clear learning themes”, “learning through vocational experiences”, “relationships among school children and between school children and supporters” and “personal support environment”. We concluded that these are the key points in supporting the life career development of children with autism spectrum disorder. In order to apply them to educational practice, the key points were reorganized according to the “structure” of a class and presented as the requirements for a class.

This article details the pedagogical praxis developed for promoting English as literature and didactic resources and materials were implemented alongside. In fact, it describes the experiences and perceptions of the research participants in terms of their thoughts and reflections towards the process and its effect in terms of their academic development. This was qualitative research, specifically, a case study, which was developed in two courses: Children’s Literature and Didactic Resources and Materials, where the linguistic and pedagogical fields were integrated to foster the learning of English. These courses belong to the Bachelor’s Degree of Teaching English for elementary school, from Universidad Nacional (UNA), Costa Rica. The results of this study show that the students’ considered the implementation of literary texts in the English class as well as the use of varied didactic resources and materials valuable since they were helpful for developing dynamic, engaging, and interesting lessons, which may be a source of motivation for their future language learners. Este artículo describe la praxis pedagógica desarrollada para promover el idioma inglés a través de la implementación de obras literarias y de recursos y materiales didácticos. De hecho, se describen las experiencias y percepciones de las personas participantes en relación con sus pensamientos y reflexiones hacia el proceso y su efecto en términos de su desarrollo académico. Esta investigación es de tipo cualitativa, específicamente, un estudio de caso, que se desarrolló en dos cursos: Literatura Infantil y Recursos y Materiales Didácticos, en donde el área lingüística y la pedagógica fueron integradas para fortalecer el aprendizaje del inglés. Estos cursos pertenecen al Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del Inglés para I y II ciclos (primaria), de la Universidad Nacional (UNA), Costa Rica. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que el estudiantado consideró la implementación de textos literarios en inglés y la utilización de recursos y materiales didácticos valiosa, ya que el proceso fue útil para desarrollar lecciones dinámicas, atractivas e interesantes, las cuales pueden ser una fuente de motivación para su población estudiantil futura. Cet article décrit la praxis éducative développée pour promouvoir la langue anglaise moyennant la mise en place des œuvres littéraires, des ressources et des matériels didactiques. Également, l’article décrit les expériences et les perceptions des personnes participantes en rapport avec leurs pensées et leurs réflexions sur le processus et son effet dans leur développement académique. Cette recherche qualitative a été menée dans deux cours: Ressources et matériels didactiques et Littérature d’enfance dans lesquels les domaines linguistique et pédagogique ont été intégrés afin de renforcer l’apprentissage de l’anglais. Ces cours font partie de la filière d’Enseignement de l’Anglais pour les cycles I et II (école primaire) de l’Université Nationale du Costa Rica (UNA). Les résultats de cette recherche ont mis en évidence que les étudiants ont considéré très précieux la mise en place des textes littéraires en anglais ainsi que l’utilisation de ressources et matériels didactiques car cela a permis de développer des leçons dynamiques, attirantes et intéressantes, lesquelles peuvent être une source de motivation pour leurs futurs apprenants.

Problems with lifestyle or health behavior in elementary school-age children are usually related to personal hygiene, the environment and the birth of various diseases that often attack school-age children, making it clear that PHBS values ​​at school are still minimal and have not reached the expected level. Objective: to determine the clean and healthy life behavior of elementary school children at SDN 41/IV Jambi City. The indicators of PHBS at school include washing hands, disposing of trash in its place, consuming healthy food and exercising diligently. Partners: SDN 41/IV Jambi City. Methods: The method used is lectures, discussions/questions and answers to school children using power point media, infocus, and leaflets. Results: Several sample questions showed that there was a significant increase after students received counseling on clean and healthy living behavior, with the lecture method and the media used, namely power points and leaflets which were distributed after the counseling was finished. ABSTRAK Permasalahan gaya hidup atau perilaku kesehatan pada anak usia sekolah dasar biasanya berkaitan dengan kebersihan pribadi, lingkungan dan lahirnya berbagai penyakit yang sering menyerang anak usia sekolah semakin memperjelas bahwa nilai-nilai PHBS disekolah masih minim dan belum mencapai tingkat yang diharapkan. Tujuan kegiatan untuk mengetahui perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat anak sekolah dasar di SDN 41/IV Kota Jambi adapun indikator PHBS disekolah meliputi mencuci tangan, membuang sampah pada tempatnya, mengkonsumsi makanan yang sehat dan rajin berolahraga. Mitra merupakan SDN 41/IV Kota Jambi. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, diskusi/tanya jawab pada anak sekolah dengan menggunakan media power point, infocus, dan leaflet. Dari beberapa sample pertanyaan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan yang cukup signifikan setelah siswa mendapat penyuluhan mengenai perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, dengan metode ceramah dan media yang digunakan yaitu power point serta leaflet yang dibagikan setelah penyuluhan selesai.

Treballs Finals del Grau d'Estudis Anglesos, Facultat de Filologia, Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2022-2023. Tutora: María Luz Celaya Villanueva, [eng] This study aims at analysing the use of audiovisual material in vocabulary acquisition and its benefits for students of English as a foreign language, as well as to investigate the best method of visualisation in terms of vocabulary learning; subtitles in the learners’ native language (Spanish), or captioning in the target language (English). Consequently, an investigation was undertaken throughout four sessions, where nine participants, aged 12, with an A1 and A2 proficiency level in English (CEFR), were separated into two groups and viewed a film, doing a test before and after the movie to account for the changes provoked by the use of audiovisual material. The findings of the investigation concluded that audiovisual material did indeed improve their vocabulary intake, as well as the fact that the use of subtitling was of greater help than captioning., [spa] Esta investigación pretende analizar el uso de contenido audiovisual en la adquisición de vocabulario y como puede beneficiar a estudiantes de inglés como Lengua Extranjera, así como también llegar a una conclusión sobre las mejores condiciones de visualización para el aprendizaje de vocabulario, o bien subtítulos en la lengua del estudiante (castellano), o subtítulos en la lengua extranjera (inglés). Por ese motivo, se realizó un experimento durante cuatro sesiones, donde nueve participantes de 12 años, con un nivel A1 y A2 en inglés (CEFR), fueron separados en dos grupos para ver una película, haciendo previa y posteriormente una prueba para así investigar los cambios provocados por el uso de material audiovisual. Los resultados demostraron que el material audiovisual mejoraba su vocabulario y que el uso de subtítulos en castellano fue de mayor ayuda que los subtítulos en inglés.

The article examines the military and physical training for school students at educational institutions of the Altai Territory, analyzes the educational process and learning difficulties in pre-wartime. The purpose is to study the educational process of physical education and military training. The relevance of this article is that the military training of Russian youth today, in conditions of increasing military threats of the Russian state, is of exceptional importance in the upbringing of the younger generation. The chosen topic of the article in modern conditions is relevant both for historical science and for state and public organizations in the formation of the Russian people's love for the Fatherland. Preparation for the defense of the Motherland of the Soviet people and, above all, the youth, has objectively turned into one of the most important state and socio-political tasks. The Great Patriotic War was a test of the effectiveness of military-patriotic education and the greatest test of the spiritual forces of Soviet society. During the war, the organization of military training of students underwent changes and was associated with the formation of high morale, love for the Motherland and military skills. In the course of the study, the practice of military-physical training work, forms and methods of military-patriotic education in schools of the Altai Territory were studied. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that on the basis of a complex of sources of the State Archive of the Altai Territory and historical documents, the organization of military and physical training of schoolchildren of educational institutions in the Altai Territory on the eve of the Great Patriotic War in 1939-1940 was considered for the first time. The author examines the dynamics, nature and level of interaction between military units and educational institutions in the interests of military training and patriotic education of youth., В статье рассматривается военно-физкультурная подготовка школьников учебных заведений Алтайского края, анализируется учебный процесс и трудности в обучении в довоенное время. Цель статьи — изучение прохождения учебного процесса занятий по физкультуре и военной подготовке. Актуальность данной статьи состоит в том, что военная подготовка российской молодежи сегодня, в условиях возрастания военных угроз Российскому государству, имеет исключительное значение в воспитании подрастающего поколения. Избранная тема статьи в современных условиях является актуальной как для исторической науки, так и для государственных и общественных организаций в формировании у российского народа любви к Отечеству. Подготовка к защите Родины советского народа и прежде всего молодежи объективно превратилась в одну из важнейших государственных и общественно-политических задач. Проверкой эффективности военно-патриотического воспитания и величайшим испытанием духовных сил советского общества явилась Великая Отечественная война. В годы войны организация военной подготовки учащейся молодежи претерпела изменения и была связана с формированием высокого морального духа, любви к Родине и военных навыков. В ходе исследования были изучена практика военно-физкультурной работы, формы и методы военно-патриотического воспитания в школах Алтайского края. Научная новизна статьи заключается в том, что на основе комплекса источников Государственного архива Алтайского края и исторических документов впервые рассмотрена организация военно-физкультурной подготовки школьников учебных заведений Алтайского края накануне Великой Отечественной войны в 1939-1940 гг., прослежены динамика, характер и уровень взаимодействия воинских частей и учебных заведений в интересах военного обучения и патриотического воспитания молодежи.

Background:Poor oral hygiene increases the risk of dental caries. One of the efforts to improve oral hygiene is to remove plaque regularly by using miswak. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectivity of correct habits of miswak in improving oral hygiene behaviour in school children. Material and methods: Study was given to 31 participants with an age range of 10-15 years at secondary school at Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. The method is carried out through 3 stages, which were the field data collection, field intervention, and the establishment of a sustainability program. Field data collection was carried out through a questionnaire method and skill assessment using miswak with a pre-test and post-test design. The intervention uses poster media, and to ensure the sustainability of program implementation, collaboration with institutions is carried out in the procurement of miswak facilities and mandatory miswak programs in the Madrasah environment. Indicator analysis was carried out through a paired 2-group comparative test with a 95% confidence level processed with IBM SPPS 21. Results: Wilcoxon statistical test before and after the delivery of intervention materials showed an increase in knowledge and skills (p . Conclusion: It can be concluded that miswak is effective in improving oral hygiene behavior in school children aged 10-15 years.

A large body of research has been dedicated to studying cognitive advantages of bilingualism in all ages. However, the research investigating the link between bilingualism and mathematical attainment in young learners is limited. This systematic review aims to investigate the relationship between bilingualism and mathematical attainment in typically developing primary school children (aged 5-11) and examine the roles of moderators (age and gender) and mediators (SES and ethnicity) of bilingualism on mathematical ability. The main purpose of the review was to synthesize evidence based on the empirical research. The author identified the studies examining the relationship between bilingualism and mathematical ability of school aged children from 7 electronic databases. Of the 559 total studies identified, 23 matched the eligibility criteria. The author categorized the studies into 3 groups based on the programs or the experimental conditions that they studied. Mixed Methods Assessment Tool (2018) was used to assess the risk of bias of individual studies and a cumulative confidence in the studies was synthesized. The results show that two-third of the studies on bilingualism and bilingual education were conducted in the US. The overall results demonstrate that bilingualism is positively associated with mathematical ability. Important findings and implications for the future research have been discussed.

Background: In Germany, current school-based first aid training recommendations do not include children under 13 years. Our aim was therefore to evaluate a primary school-based first aid course for children aged 6–13 years. Methods: Our 2-day course (4 hours per day) for primary schools in the German rural state Brandenburg included basic elements of scene safety, compression bandages, recovery position, and resuscitation. The evaluation of specific knowledge and skills took place 1-day post-course. Results: Among the 1,268 included children (median age 9y, 49% girls) from six primary schools, 25% had previously attended first aid courses. Most children knew emergency phone number(s) pre-course. Afterward, this knowledge improved by 15% in the 6–7-year age group (reaching 80%) whereas it remained at 90% in children aged 8–13 years. After the course, about 80% of the 8–13-year-old children (40% in 6–7-year age group) answered at least one resuscitation question correctly. In the practical skill assessments, about 80% of the 8–13-year-old children (60% in the 6–7-year age group) chose a correct or almost-correct chest compression rate during resuscitation. The correct depth of compression was achieved by about 80% (10–13 years), 60% (8–9 years), and 40% (6–7 years). Three-quarters successfully put another child in the recovery position; more than two-thirds applied a compression bandage appropriately. Conclusions: A 2-day course in a primary school setting showed considerable improvement in first aid and resuscitation skills of children aged 6–13 years. Future studies should examine these effects’ sustainability and the appropriate timing for refresher courses. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: In Deutschland umfassen die aktuellen schulbasierten Erste-Hilfe-Schulungsempfehlungen keine Kinder unter 13 Jahren. Unser Ziel war es daher, einen Erste-Hilfe-Kurs für Grundschulen zu evaluieren. Material und Methode: Unser zweitägiger Kurs (4 Stunden pro Tag) für Grundschulen im Bundesland Brandenburg umfasste Basiselemente der eigenen Sicherheit am Unfallort, Kompressionsverbände, stabile Seitenlage und Wiederbelebung. Nach der Basiserhebung kurz vor Schulungsbeginn fand die Evaluation spezifischer Kenntnisse (mit Fragebogen) und Fertigkeiten einen Tag nach dem Kurs statt. Ergebnisse Unter den 1.268 eingeschlossenen Kindern (Altersmedian 9 Jahre, 49% Mädchen) von sechs Grundschulen hatten 25% bereits früher an einem Erste-Hilfe-Kurs teilgenommen. Die meisten Kinder kannten vor dem Kurs bereits die Notrufnummer(n). Danach verbesserte sich dieses Wissen um 15% und erreichte 80% in der Altersgruppe der 6-7-Jährigen, während es bei älteren Kindern (8-13 Jahre) bei 90% blieb. Nach dem Kurs beantworteten 40% der 6-7-Jährigen und etwa 80% der 8-13-jährigen Kinder mindestens eine Frage zur Reanimation richtig. Bei den Bewertungen der praktischen Fertigkeiten wählten 60% der 6-7-Jährigen und etwa 80% der 8-13-jährigen Kinder während der Wiederbelebung die korrekte oder nahezu korrekte Rate der Kompression des Brustkorbs aus. Die richtige Kompressionstiefe wurde von 40% (6-7 Jahre), 60% (8-9 Jahre) und etwa 80% (10-13 Jahre) erreicht. Drei Viertel der Teilnehmenden setzten erfolgreich ein anderes Kind in die Stabile Seitenlage; mehr als zwei Drittel legten einen Kompressionsverband angemessen an. Schlussfolgerungen Ein zweitägiger Kurs in der Grundschule führte in allen Altersgruppen von 6-13 Jahren zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung ihrer Kenntnisse in Erster-Hilfe und Fähigkeiten bei der Wiederbelebung. Zukünftige Studien sollten die Nachhaltigkeit dieser Effekte und den geeigneten Zeitpunkt für Auffrischungskurse untersuchen. Schlüsselwörter: Grundschule, Erste Hilfe, Wiederbelebung, Laienschulung, Schulkinder, Schüler, Basisreanimation, Klassenzimmer, Blutungsstillung, Kompressionsverband, Stabile Seitenlage, Wiederbelebung, Laien-Wiederbelebung Streszczenie Tło Obecne zalecenia dotyczące szkolenia z pierwszej pomocy w niemieckich szkołach nie obejmują dzieci poniżej 13 roku życia. Naszym celem było zatem ocenienie kursu pierwszej pomocy dla dzieci w wieku od 6 do 13 lat prowadzonego w szkole podstawowej. Metody Nasz dwudniowy kurs (4 godziny dziennie) dla szkół podstawowych na obszarach wiejskich w niemieckim kraju związkowym Brandenburgia obejmował podstawowe elementy bezpieczeństwa w miejscu zdarzenia, bandażowanie uciskowe, pozycję bezpieczną i resuscytację. Ocena konkretnych umiejętności i wiedzy odbyła się dzień po zakończeniu kursu. Wyniki Wśród 1268 uwzględnionych dzieci (średni wiek 9 lat, 49% dziewczyn) z sześciu szkół podstawowych, 25% uczestniczyło wcześniej w kursach pierwszej pomocy. Większość dzieci przed kursem znała już numer(y) alarmowy. Po kursie wiedza ta poprawiła się o 15% w grupie wiekowej 6-7 lat (osiągając 80%), podczas gdy w grupie wiekowej 8-13 lat pozostała na poziomie 90%. Po kursie około 80% dzieci w wieku od 8 do 13 lat (40% w grupie wiekowej 6-7 lat) poprawnie odpowiedziało na co najmniej jedno pytanie dotyczące resuscytacji. W ocenach praktycznych umiejętności, około 80% dzieci w wieku od 8 do 13 lat (60% w grupie wiekowej 6-7 lat) wybrało właściwe lub prawie właściwe tempo ucisków klatki piersiowej podczas resuscytacji. Prawidłowa głębokość ucisków była osiągana przez około 80% (w wieku od 10 do 13 lat), 60% (w wieku od 8 do 9 lat) i 40% (w wieku od 6 do 7 lat). Trzy czwarte dzieci skutecznie ułożyło inne dziecko w pozycji bezpiecznej, a ponad dwie trzecie odpowiednio zastosowało bandaż uciskowy. Wnioski Dwudniowy kurs przeprowadzony w szkole podstawowej wykazał znaczną poprawę umiejętności pierwszej pomocy i resuscytacji u dzieci w wieku od 6 do 13 lat. W przyszłych badaniach należy zbadać trwałość tych efektów oraz odpowiedni czas na odświeżenie wiedzy pozyskanej na kursach. Słowa kluczowe: szkoła podstawowa, pierwsza pomoc, resuscytacja, szkolenie dla laików, dzieci szkolne, uczniowie, International Journal of First Aid Education, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023)

IntroductionNutrition education during adolescence has proven effective in increasing knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the diet. The Mediterranean diet has proven health benefits and is proposed as a model of a sustainable diet that is beneficial for health and the environment. Its promotion with the educational program can have a significant effect on improvements in nutrition knowledge, diet quality, and nutritive status of adolescents for their healthy adulthood.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the educational program on the nutrition knowledge, diet quality, lifestyle, and nutritional status of school children from the littoral part of Croatia.MethodsAn education-based intervention study was carried out on 2,709 schoolchildren aged 10–12 years (educated/control group: 2617/92). The questionnaire about sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary, physical activity, screen time, sleep habits, and nutrition knowledge was assessed at the baseline and after a 6- to 9-month follow-up for the medium-term effect of education. Nutrition knowledge was provided after 3 weeks for the short-term education effect assessment.ResultsEducated schoolchildren achieved a significant increase in nutrition knowledge (+75.5%), expressed as a short-term effect of the education and maintained at the 6- to 9-month follow-up (+66.8%, p < 0.001). Follow-up of children significantly improved their nutritional status (underweight −56.6%, normal weight 24.8%, overweight −22.1%, and obesity −57.5%) and physical activity engagement (+13.2%). The proportion of children with a diet highly adhering to the Mediterranean diet significantly doubled (+105.0). Those children with the highest nutrition knowledge at the follow-up significantly improved their nutritional status (+218.9%), participated in organized sports (+204.7%), and had a diet that highly adhered to the MD (+291.8%).ConclusionA significantly good medium-term effect of education-based nutrition and lifestyle intervention program on nutrition knowledge, diet quality, lifestyle, and nutritional status of schoolchildren aged 10–12 years was shown. The educational program promoted a Mediterranean diet and lifestyle as a healthy and sustainable way of living, important for children's future health and wellbeing. New research-based approaches are needed for making children more aware and capable of handling the complexity of sustainable living.

The aim of our research is to find out whether there is an influence of extracurricular sports activity on children's cognitive abilities. Even if there is a significant difference between the disciplines in the level of intelligence in school children. A sample of 55 athletic students, aged between 6 and 10, from primary schools in the city of Oran (Algeria). The students were followed for five school terms. Socio-demographic data was collected through a questionnaire intended for students of both groups and academic results obtained from the administration at the end of each term. A "CPM" intelligence test was administered at the end of the fifth trimester to assess the main cognitive abilities of athletic students., {"references":["Activité physique quotidienne dans les écoles. (2006). Guide de la direction, Guide Pédagogique, Ontario, p 7","Activité physique quotidienne dans les écoles, 4e , 5e et 6e année. (2005). Guide pédagogique, Ontario. p.5","Activité physique quotidienne dans les écoles, 7e et 8e année. (2005). GUIDE PÉDAGOGIQUE, Ontario, 2005, p.5.","Álvarez-Bueno C, et al. (2017).Academic achievement and physical activity: a meta-analysis. American academy of pediatrics, 140(6).","Bangsbo J, et al. (2016). The copenhagen consensus conference 2016: children, youth, and physical activity in schools and during leisure time. Br J Sports Med, 0, pp. 1–2","De Greeff JW, et al. (2018). Effects of physical activity on executive functions, attention and academic performance in preadolescent children: a meta-analysis. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 21(5), 501-507","Cotman CW, Berchtold NC. (2002). Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhancebrainhealth and plasticity. Trends"]}

There is little information on indoor risk factors for dermatitis in Japan. We studied associations between dermatitis in Japanese junior high school students in Hyogo prefecture and the home environment. A standardised questionnaire was sent to students in four schools (12–15 years old), 1048 (99%) participated. Data on the home environment was collected by the questionnaire. Associations were analysed by multilevel logistic regression in mutually adjusted models, calculating odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 15.2% reported current dermatitis, 8.8% cat allergy, 6.1% dog allergy, 6.0% mould allergy, 25.7% pollen allergy and 32.3% any allergy (a history of atopy). Female gender (OR 1.65), a history of atopy (OR 2.14), new building materials (indoor paint or floor materials) (OR 1.59), dampness or indoor mould (OR 1.51) and windowpane condensation in winter (OR 1.45) were associated with current dermatitis. The association between window pane condensation and dermatitis was stronger in students without a history of atopy (interaction p=0.02). In conclusion, dampness, indoor mould and window pane condensation in wintertime can be household risk factors for dermatitis in adolescents. Chemical emissions from new building materials, especially paint and floor materials, can be another risk factor.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a worldwide lockdown and school closures, which have placed a substantial mental health burden on children and college students. Through a systematic search of the literature on PubMed and Collabovid of studies published January 2020-July 2021, our findings of five studies on children and 16 studies on college students found that both groups reported feeling more anxious, depressed, fatigued, and distressed than prior to the pandemic. Several risk factors such as living in rural areas, low family socioeconomic status, and being a family member or friend to a healthcare worker were strongly associated with worse mental health outcomes. As schools and researchers discuss future strategies on how to combine on-site teaching with online courses, our results indicate the importance of considering social contacts in students' mental health to support students at higher risk of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of subnormal stereoacuity in school children and to assess the factors associated with it. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, a total of 2,376 school children without amblyopia and manifest squint were screened by the titmus fly test, Snellen chart, tests for heterophoria, anterior segment examination, and fundoscopy. Children with a manifest squint, amblyopia (best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA]

(1) Background: Physical literacy (PL) is a multidimensional concept, since it fosters lifetime engagement in physical activities and reduces obesity; however, empirical evidence is lacking to support this association. This study first aimed to establish PL levels stratified by normal weight children and children with overweight and obesity. Furthermore, this study determined a correlation between PL domains and BMI by weight status among South Punjab school children. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1360 (Boys: 675 and Girls: 685) children aged 8 to 12, and was conducted using CAPL-2. T-tests and chi-square were used to determine the difference between categorical variables, with MANOVA used to compare weight statuses. Spearman correlation was employed to determine the correlation between variables; p < 0.05 was considered significant. (3) Results: Normal weight children had significantly higher PL and domain scores, except for the knowledge domain. Most children with normal weights were at the achieving and excelling levels, while children with overweight and obesity were at the beginning and progressing levels. The correlation among PL domains in normal and overweight and obese children ranged from weak to strong (r = 0.001 to 0.737), and the knowledge domain was inversely correlated with the motivation domain (r = −0.023). PL and domain scores were inversely correlated to BMI, except for the knowledge domain. (4) Conclusions: Children with normal weight tend to have higher PL and domain scores, while those with overweight or obesity tend to have lower scores. There was a positive relationship between normal weight and higher PL and domain scores, and an inverse relationship was observed between BMI and higher PL scores.

Children’s lung function is a significant predictor of health status throughout their lifetime. This study aims to identify the prevalence of impaired lung function in children and the potential influencing factors in elementary school children of Wuhan, China. Children of 6–12 years old were enrolled from elementary schools in Wuhan, China, in 2018, on the basis of a cross-sectional study design. Information on personal behavior patterns and household characteristics, as well as parental factors, was collected based on a questionnaire survey. Spirometry was used to measure fifteen lung function indicators. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios of prevalence of impaired lung function with regard to socioeconomic, personal behavior patterns, household, and parental factors, respectively. Four lung function indicators such as FET and EVC in urban children had higher values than in the suburban children after adjusting for confounders (p < 0.05). A higher prevalence of impaired lung function (FEV6, FEV3, EVC, and VC) was found in the children from the rural area than in those from the urban area. A sex difference in FET impairment was observed, however, no significant difference in impairment in other lung function indicators were found between girls and boys. The elevated height and weight of the children was significantly associated with an increased and decreased prevalence of impaired lung function, respectively, particularly both for FEV6, FEV3, FIVC, and FIV1. Opening windows for a longer time in summer was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of impaired FEF25 and MVV, and an extended time of opening windows in winter was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of impaired FEV6. While, opening windows for a longer time in autumn was significantly associated with higher prevalence of impaired FEV6 and FEV1/VC. Home renovations, doing physical exercise for more than 30 min per day, air pollution exposure during commuting, sleeping in own rooms, height stunting, and preterm birth were significantly associated with an increased risk of impaired lung function. Breastfeeding, having a father with a white-collar profession and with a higher education level were positively associated with the lower prevalence of impaired lung function. Impaired lung function is commonly found in school children in Wuhan, nowadays. Breastfeeding, opening windows long-term in summer and winter, higher socioeconomics, and an urban living environment were protective factors for impaired lung function. However, opening windows long-term and using air conditioning short-term in autumn, as well as home renovations, doing physical exercise for more than 30 min per day, preterm birth, height stunting, and air pollution exposure during commuting were regarded as significant risk factors for impaired lung function. Promoting breastfeeding, lengthening window opening times in winter and summer, and controlling household renovation and air pollution exposure during commuting are recommended to reduce the risk of impaired lung function in children in Wuhan.

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Background: While the burgeoning researcher and practitioner interest in physical literacy has stimulated new assessment approaches, the optimal tool for assessment among school-aged children remains unclear. Objective: The purpose of this review was to: (i) identify assessment instruments designed to measure physical literacy in school-aged children; (ii) map instruments to a holistic construct of physical literacy (as specified by the Australian Physical Literacy Framework); (iii) document the validity and reliability for these instruments; and (iv) assess the feasibility of these instruments for use in school environments. Design: This systematic review (registered with PROSPERO on 21 August, 2022) was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Data Sources: Reviews of physical literacy assessments in the past 5 years (2017 +) were initially used to identify relevant assessments. Following that, a search (20 July, 2022) in six databases (CINAHL, ERIC, GlobalHealth, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus) was conducted for assessments that were missed/or published since publication of the reviews. Each step of screening involved evaluation from two authors, with any issues resolved through discussion with a third author. Nine instruments were identified from eight reviews. The database search identified 375 potential papers of which 67 full text papers were screened, resulting in 39 papers relevant to a physical literacy assessment. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Instruments were classified against the Australian Physical Literacy Framework and needed to have assessed at least three of the Australian Physical Literacy Framework domains (i.e., psychological, social, cognitive, and/or physical). Analyses: Instruments were assessed for five aspects of validity (test content, response processes, internal structure, relations with other variables, and the consequences of testing). Feasibility in schools was documented according to time, space, equipment, training, and qualifications. Results: Assessments with more validity/reliability evidence, according to age, were as follows: for children, the Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) and Passport for Life (PFL). For older children and adolescents, the Canadian Assessment for Physical Literacy (CAPL version 2). For adolescents, the Adolescent Physical Literacy Questionnaire (APLQ) and Portuguese Physical Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (PPLA-Q). Survey-based instruments were appraised to be the most feasible to administer in schools. Conclusions: This review identified optimal physical literacy assessments for children and adolescents based on current validity and reliability data. Instrument validity for specific populations was a clear gap, particularly for children with disability. While survey-based instruments were deemed the most feasible for use in schools, a comprehensive assessment may arguably require objective measures for elements in the physical domain. If a physical literacy assessment in schools is to be performed by teachers, this may require linking physical literacy to the curriculum and developing teachers’ skills to develop and assess children’s physical literacy.

The Norwegian authorities started a nationwide free school fruit program in 2007, implemented in all secondary schools (grades 8–10) and combined schools (grades 1–10) in Norway. The program ended in 2014. This study evaluates the effect of ending the nationwide free school fruit program on the consumption of fruit, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks among Norwegian sixth and seventh graders. The study sample consists of pupils at 18 schools that participated in all data collections in the Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks project (FVMM), initiated in 2001, with new data collections in 2008 and 2018. Four of the schools were combined schools, therefore children in sixth and seventh grade at these schools received free fruit in 2008 (intervention schools), and fourteen schools did not (control schools). Between 2008 and 2018, pupils at the intervention schools ate a lower proportion of fruits and vegetables per school week, and the consumption of unhealthy snacks increased compared to the control schools. Completion of the free fruit program was not significantly different for boys and girls, or low and high parental education. The results indicate that the end of the free school fruit program resulted in less healthy eating habits among children.

Environmental exposures are associated with children's health. Schools are often urban exposure 'hotspots' for pollution, noise, lack of green space and un-walkable built environments. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the impact of school-based interventions on the modification of indoor and outdoor stressors related to the built and natural environment on children's exposure and health. A systematic review of seven databases was performed. We included quantitative studies on children aged 5-12, which reported intervention delivered within school settings aimed at addressing key environmental exposures including air pollution, green spaces, traffic noise or active travel; and reported physical and mental health, physical activity or active travel behavior. The quality of studies was assessed and interventions were described using a standardized framework. A narrative synthesis approach was used to describe the findings. Thirty-nine papers were included on three main intervention types: improve indoor air quality by the increase of ventilation rates in classrooms; increase children's green time or greening schools, and multicomponent interventions to increase active travel to school by changes in pedestrian facilities. No eligible intervention to reduce traffic noise at school was found. Increasing ventilation rates improved short-term indoor air quality in classrooms, but the effect on cognitive performance was inconsistent. Greening schools and increasing children's green time have consistent positive effects on cognition and physical activity, but not in behavior. Multi-component interventions can increase walking and cycling after three years. Overall, the studies were rated as having poor quality owing to weak study designs. We found modest evidence that school-based built and natural environment interventions can improve children's exposure and health. This work was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ATHLETE project (grant agreement 874583). This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme LifeCycle project (Grant Agreement No. 733206) and AF is supported by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union “NextGenerationEU/PRTR” (PCI2021-122047-2B). RM is supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) applied research collaboration for Yorkshire and Humber (NIHR200166) and by the UK Prevention Research Partnership (MR/S037527/1). The authors are grateful to Iolanda Molina from ISGlobal, Maria Parras Aznar who is the librarian at Biblioteca/CRAI Universitat Pompeu Fabra, for their support of the search strategy.

Background Urogenital schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. In the Senegal river basin, the construction of the Diama dam led to an increase and endemicity of schistosomiasis. Since 2009, praziquantel has frequently been used as preventive chemotherapy in the form of mass administration to Senegalese school-aged children without monitoring of the treatment efficacy and the prevalence after re-infection. This study aims to determine the current prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis (caused by Schistosoma haematobium), the efficacy of praziquantel, and the re-infection rates in children from five villages with different water access. Methods The baseline prevalence of S. haematobium was determined in August 2020 in 777 children between 5 and 11 years old and a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) was administered to those positive. The efficacy of praziquantel and the re-infection rates were monitored 4 weeks and 7 months after treatment, respectively, in 226 children with a high intensity of infection at baseline. Results At the baseline, prevalence was low among children from the village of Mbane who live close to the Lac de Guiers (38%), moderate among those from the villages of Dioundou and Khodit, which neighbor the Doue river (46%), and very high at Khodit (90.6%) and Guia (91.2%) which mainly use an irrigation canal. After treatment, the observed cure rates confirmed the efficacy of praziquantel. The lowest cure rate (88.5%) was obtained in the village using the irrigation canal, while high cure rates were obtained in those using the lake (96.5%) and the river (98%). However, high egg reduction rates (between 96.7 and 99.7%) were obtained in all the villages. The re-infection was significantly higher in the village using the canal (42.5%) than in the villages accessing the Lac de Guiers (18.3%) and the Doue river (14.8%). Conclusion Praziquantel has an impact on reducing the prevalence and intensity of urogenital schistosomiasis. However, in the Senegal river basin, S. haematobium remains a real health problem for children living in the villages near the irrigation canals, despite regular treatment, while prevalence is declining from those frequenting the river and the Lac de Guiers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04635553. Registered 19 November 2020 retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04635553?cntry=SN&draw=2&rank=4

Tema ovog diplomskog rada je odgojna dimenzija škole s naglaskom na vaţnost i ulogu odgoja u procesu razvoja cjelovitog učenika. U ovom radu opisani su temeljni pedagogijski pojmovi, odgoj i obrazovanje, s kojima se svakodnevno i svugdje susrećemo, a koji su sastavni dio školskog sustava. Govori se o školi kao odgojnoobrazovnoj instituciji, no činjenica je da se odgajanje i odgojna funkcija škole sve češće zanemaruju i potiskuju u drugi plan. U današnjem vremenu znanje se smatra temeljnim uvjetom razvoja društva, a poznato je da znanje bez moralne komponente moţe biti opasno. Nadalje, veliku paţnju posvetilo se učitelju koji, nakon roditelja, ima vaţnu ulogu u odgoju djece. Kakvi će ljudi naša djeca postati ovisi ponajviše o odgoju. S obzirom na to, odgoj, moralne, sretne, odgovorne te uspješne djece zasigurno je jedan od najhumanijih ciljeva i zadaća škole. The theme of this thesis is the educational dimension of the school with an emphasis on the importance and role of moral education in the process of the overall development of school children. This paper describes the basic pedagogical terms, moral education and education, which we encounter every day and everywhere, and which are an integral part of the school system. We talk about the school as an educational institution, but the fact is that moral education and the educational function of the school are more and more often neglected and relegated to the background. In today's time, knowledge is considered a fundamental condition for the development of society, and it is known that knowledge without a moral component can be dangerous. Furthermore, great attention was paid to the teacher who, after the parents, has an important role in educating the children. What kind of people our children will become depends mostly on (moral) education. Considering this, raising moral, happy, responsible and successful children is certainly one of the most humane goals and tasks of the school.

Research on key determinants of negative attitudes toward immigration has often suggested that values held by individuals systematically explain such sentiments. Universalists appear to have more positive and conservatives more negative attitudes. So far, however, these insights are based on studies using adult samples. In our study, we analyze these relations among children and adolescents. For the analysis, we utilized a Swiss-Polish panel dataset (2015–2017, N = 5,332) with three time points collected among school children aged 8–19 years. We employed autoregressive cross-lagged models. The results indicated that while universalism decreased negative attitudes toward immigrants, the expected effect for conformity-tradition was not found.

Resumen Este artículo describe la praxis pedagógica desarrollada para promover el idioma inglés a través de la implementación de obras literarias y de recursos y materiales didácticos. De hecho, se describen las experiencias y percepciones de las personas participantes en relación con sus pensamientos y reflexiones hacia el proceso y su efecto en términos de su desarrollo académico. Esta investigación es de tipo cualitativa, específicamente, un estudio de caso, que se desarrolló en dos cursos: Literatura Infantil y Recursos y Materiales Didácticos, en donde el área lingüística y la pedagógica fueron integradas para fortalecer el aprendizaje del inglés. Estos cursos pertenecen al Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del Inglés para I y II ciclos (primaria), de la Universidad Nacional (UNA), Costa Rica. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que el estudiantado consideró la implementación de textos literarios en inglés y la utilización de recursos y materiales didácticos valiosa, ya que el proceso fue útil para desarrollar lecciones dinámicas, atractivas e interesantes, las cuales pueden ser una fuente de motivación para su población estudiantil futura. Abstract This article details the pedagogical praxis developed for promoting English as literature and didactic resources and materials were implemented alongside. In fact, it describes the experiences and perceptions of the research participants in terms of their thoughts and reflections towards the process and its effect in terms of their academic development. This was qualitative research, specifically, a case study, which was developed in two courses: Children’s Literature and Didactic Resources and Materials, where the linguistic and pedagogical fields were integrated to foster the learning of English. These courses belong to the Bachelor’s Degree of Teaching English for elementary school, from Universidad Nacional (UNA), Costa Rica. The results of this study show that the students’ considered the implementation of literary texts in the English class as well as the use of varied didactic resources and materials valuable since they were helpful for developing dynamic, engaging, and interesting lessons, which may be a source of motivation for their future language learners. Résumé Cet article décrit la praxis éducative développée pour promouvoir la langue anglaise moyennant la mise en place des œuvres littéraires, des ressources et des matériels didactiques. Également, l’article décrit les expériences et les perceptions des personnes participantes en rapport avec leurs pensées et leurs réflexions sur le processus et son effet dans leur développement académique. Cette recherche qualitative a été menée dans deux cours: Ressources et matériels didactiques et Littérature d’enfance dans lesquels les domaines linguistique et pédagogique ont été intégrés afin de renforcer l’apprentissage de l’anglais. Ces cours font partie de la filière d’Enseignement de l’Anglais pour les cycles I et II (école primaire) de l’Université Nationale du Costa Rica (UNA). Les résultats de cette recherche ont mis en évidence que les étudiants ont considéré très précieux la mise en place des textes littéraires en anglais ainsi que l’utilisation de ressources et matériels didactiques car cela a permis de développer des leçons dynamiques, attirantes et intéressantes, lesquelles peuvent être une source de motivation pour leurs futurs apprenants.

Background Thermoregulation is highly individual and predictive for potentially cascading pathologies. Altered and deficient thermoregulation is considered an important diagnostic indicator which can be of great clinical utility for specialized screening programs and individualized prediction and prevention of severe pathologies triggered early in life. Working hypothesis Individual thermoregulation can be objectively assessed by thermovision camera before and after exercises in school children stratified by age and gender that may be of great clinical utility for personalized training early in life in the framework of 3P medicine. Study design In this study, 60 female and male primary school children were exposed to physical exercises in the form of 45-min general fitness training. The subjects under examination were stratified by age: group 1 (7-year-olds), group 2 (9-year-olds), and group 3 (12-year-olds). Superficial body temperature patterns were measured by means of thermovision camera before and immediately after exercises, as well as after the 15-min recovery time. Temperature patterns were analyzed in 12 areas of the body front and back, covering trunk and upper and lower limbs. Results The obtained results revealed an individual and age-depended difference in response of the body to exercises. The first measurement prior to exercise (measurement 1) revealed no statistically significant differences in the mean surface temperature of all analyzed areas between 7- and 9-year-old children. Further, 7- and 9-year-old children did not differ significantly in the mean temperature recorded in the trunk compared to the 12-year-old children. However, in 12-year-old children, statistically significant higher values of the mean temperature of the upper and lower limbs, were observed compared to the group of 7-year-olds and significantly higher values of the mean temperature of the lower limbs compared to the group of 9-year-olds. Immediately after exercises (measurement 2), a statistically significant decrease in the temperature was noted in all groups and in all areas of the body. The greatest temperature change was observed in 12-year-olds, while the least one was measured in the youngest subjects. The statistically significant relation between the average trunk temperature of 7-year-old and 12-year-old children was observed: lower values of the mean temperature of the front and back of the trunk were noted in the group of 12-year-old children compared to the group of 7-year-olds. A significantly lower average temperature of the back of the trunk compared to the youngest group was also recorded in 9-year-old children. The study performed after the 15-min recovery time (measurement 3) showed an increase in the average temperature of all analyzed areas. In all subjects, the mean temperature recorded in measurement 3 did not differ significantly from the initial ones (measurement 1, prior to exercises). Only the mean temperature of the trunk back of 12-year-old children was significantly lower after the rest period compared to the initial examination. In all groups, the temperatures after exercises followed by a 15-min recovery returned to the initial ones, except of the trunk backs of 12-year-old children, where the temperature was lower than before exercises. Conclusions and expert recommendations in the framework of 3PM Thermovision analysis is an effective tool to assess individual thermoregulation and to stratify school children for personalized exercise coaching. Body exercise-based disease prevention early in life is effective when tailored to the person: multi-parametric guidance for prescribing exercises individually is needed. Contextually, proposed individualized training approach should be adapted to the age-dependent particularities and individual thermoregulation.

Introduction. The study of schoolchildren’s nutrition features in different regions of the Russian Federation is one of the important tasks to health promotion of children by developing regional practices for optimization the nutrition of schoolchildren.Objective. To study schoolchildren’s nutrition features in industrial cities of the Siberian federal district (Siberian FD).Materials and methods. Specialized questionnaire was developed in order to study the nutrition organization of schoolchildren in various regions of the Russian Federation. 323 parents (legal representatives) of children aged 7-18 years living in the biggest industrial cities of south-eastern Siberia (the cities of Angarsk and Irkutsk) took part in the survey, based on the questionnaire. The obtained data was compared to the result of studies conducted in the Central federal district (Central FD), that included 162 observations. The frequency method was used to analyze the food consumption.Results. The study established that consumption of milk, meat, cereals, potatoes, nuts, vegetables and fruits by children in the Siberian federal district was, all in all, significantly higher than in the Central federal district and in the Russian Federation in general. The nutrition of schoolchildren in the SFD is defined by a higher consumption of confectionery products, including chocolate, and such products as mayonnaise and margarine. It is noted that 75% of children in Angarsk and about 60% of children in Irkutsk regularly include chips and crackers in their diet and about 60% of children regularly consume fast food. At the same time, children living in Angarsk consume more food products with a high content of carbohydrates (cereals, potatoes, as well as added sugar in cookies, chocolates, sweet carbonated drinks), salt (in salted and dried fish), mayonnaise, and significantly less fermented dairy products and fresh fish compared to children in Irkutsk. Frozen products are more commonly consumed in the city of Angarsk than in Irkutsk. Physical development of children and its correlation with the variety of their diet was also assessed in the study. The assessment showed that children living in Angarsk have a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, which is a reflection of the irrational food diversity in their diets.Conclusions. The obtained data reflect the need of the introduction of educational programs on healthy nutrition among schoolchildren and their parents, taking into account the regional specifics of nutrition.

Qiuxin Wu,1– 3,&ast; Qingmei Tian,1– 3,&ast; Xiuyan Zhang,1– 3,&ast; Jing Xu,2 Guodong Tang,2 Runkuan Li,1 Xiaoxiao Guo,1 Zongqing Xu,1 Jiaojiao Feng,1 Jike Song,1– 4 Hongsheng Bi1– 4 1Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China; 2Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, People’s Republic of China; 3Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, People’s Republic of China; 4Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for Eye Diseases, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Shandong Institute of Children Health and Myopia Prevention and Control, Jinan, 250002, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jike Song; Hongsheng Bi Tel +86-531-58859696Fax +86-531-82432074Email edusjk@163.com; hongshengbi1@163.comPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of refractive error and visual acuity among school children in the plateau region of Qinghai, China.Methods: The school-based, cross-sectional study was performed in Menyuan, Qinghai, China. Three kindergartens and three primary schools were randomly enrolled from both rural areas and county towns. The participants had undergone ophthalmic examinations of the intraocular pressure (IOP), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, and axial length (AL). Regression analysis was applied to investigate the potential risk factors affecting the prevalence of various refractive errors.Results: A total of 3770 children were invited to participate, and 3524 (93.5%) had undergone examination. Among the 3524 children (51.8% boys) with a mean age of 8.3± 2.3 years, 1049 (29.8%) had myopia, 30 (0.9%) had high myopia, 1692 (48.0%) had mild hyperopia, 152 (4.3%) had medium to marked hyperopia and 925 (26.2%) had astigmatism. The mean SER was − 0.16± 1.86 D and decreased with age. The AL increased with age from 21.80± 0.59 mm at 4-years to 23.53± 1.05 mm at 12-years. The myopia prevalence increased with age from 2.0% at 4 years to 62.8% at 12-years. Myopia was associated with increasing age, county town habitation and girls. Among the 723 participants with PVA 20/40 or worse in one eye, 564 (78.0%) were due to uncorrected refractive error, and 83 (22.0%) were due to undercorrected refractive error. Among the 1049 children with myopia, only 254 wore glasses, and 151 children with PVA had a worse BCVA and did not have accurate spectacles.Conclusion: The prevalence of myopia is very high among school children in Menyuan. Only 24.2% of myopic children wore glasses, and 59.4% of children did not have accurate spectacles. Strategies to improve access to eye care and affordable glasses are needed.Keywords: school children, refractive error, myopia, plateau region, glass wear

text, 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper

Qiuxin Wu,1– 3,&ast; Qingmei Tian,1– 3,&ast; Xiuyan Zhang,1– 3,&ast; Jing Xu,2 Guodong Tang,2 Runkuan Li,1 Xiaoxiao Guo,1 Zongqing Xu,1 Jiaojiao Feng,1 Jike Song,1– 4 Hongsheng Bi1– 4 1Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China; 2Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, People’s Republic of China; 3Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, People’s Republic of China; 4Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for Eye Diseases, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Shandong Institute of Children Health and Myopia Prevention and Control, Jinan, 250002, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jike Song; Hongsheng Bi Tel +86-531-58859696Fax +86-531-82432074Email edusjk@163.com; hongshengbi1@163.comPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of refractive error and visual acuity among school children in the plateau region of Qinghai, China.Methods: The school-based, cross-sectional study was performed in Menyuan, Qinghai, China. Three kindergartens and three primary schools were randomly enrolled from both rural areas and county towns. The participants had undergone ophthalmic examinations of the intraocular pressure (IOP), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, and axial length (AL). Regression analysis was applied to investigate the potential risk factors affecting the prevalence of various refractive errors.Results: A total of 3770 children were invited to participate, and 3524 (93.5%) had undergone examination. Among the 3524 children (51.8% boys) with a mean age of 8.3± 2.3 years, 1049 (29.8%) had myopia, 30 (0.9%) had high myopia, 1692 (48.0%) had mild hyperopia, 152 (4.3%) had medium to marked hyperopia and 925 (26.2%) had astigmatism. The mean SER was − 0.16± 1.86 D and decreased with age. The AL increased with age from 21.80± 0.59 mm at 4-years to 23.53± 1.05 mm at 12-years. The myopia prevalence increased with age from 2.0% at 4 years to 62.8% at 12-years. Myopia was associated with increasing age, county town habitation and girls. Among the 723 participants with PVA 20/40 or worse in one eye, 564 (78.0%) were due to uncorrected refractive error, and 83 (22.0%) were due to undercorrected refractive error. Among the 1049 children with myopia, only 254 wore glasses, and 151 children with PVA had a worse BCVA and did not have accurate spectacles.Conclusion: The prevalence of myopia is very high among school children in Menyuan. Only 24.2% of myopic children wore glasses, and 59.4% of children did not have accurate spectacles. Strategies to improve access to eye care and affordable glasses are needed.Keywords: school children, refractive error, myopia, plateau region, glass wear

The purpose of this study is to educate the public about the importance of maintaining adequate daily intake of iodine. The method used is an experimental method with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted on 14 residents of Cihanjuang Village, Parongpong District, Indonesia. There are 3 main steps in carrying out this research, including (i) filling out the pre-test; (ii) provide education through animated videos; (iii) filling out the post-test questionnaire. From the results of the study showed an increase from the results of the pretest score to the posttest with a value of 45 to 82.5. while the N-Gain results obtained were 71%, meaning that education for the people of Cihanjuan Village, Parongpong District about the importance of adequate iodine intake for school children is quite effective. The t-test carried out also concluded that the results of t count t table, with numbers -9.449 1.77093 which means that the posttest score of respondents increased not significantly. With the implementation of this research, it is hoped that more people will become aware of the importance of maintaining daily iodine intake, especially for school children. So that IDD (Iodine Deficiency Disorders) can be avoided.

This study explored the compatibility of classroom furniture with the anthropometric parameters of public primary school children in Ibadan. The study involved 900 primary school children (aged 5 – 13 years) randomly selected from one school. The students’ anthropometric parameters and the school furniture dimensions were measured using Cescorf Sliding Broad-blade Caliper and metallic tape respectively. Frequency tables were used to summarise mismatches and compatibility. All participants in the 5 – 7-year-old group had mismatches between popliteal height/seat height, buttock to popliteal length/seat depth, and sitting elbow height/seat to desk height. Percentage mismatches among 8 – 10-year-old participants were popliteal height/seat height (91.6%), buttock to popliteal length/seat depth (70.67%), and sitting elbow height/seat to desk height (90%). Percentage mismatches among 11 – 13-year-old participants were popliteal height/seat height (73%), buttock to popliteal length/seat depth (51.33%), and sitting elbow height/seat to desk height (74.33%). There was a considerable mismatch between the students’ anthropometric dimensions and the dimensions of the school furniture. Such mismatches may promote improper sitting posture among children which may increase their probability of developing back pain and affect their learning capabilities.

Preventive chemotherapy (PC) with praziquantel and albendazole co-administration to all at-risk populations is the global intervention strategy to eliminate schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) from being public health problems. Due to weak pharmacovigilance systems, safety monitoring during a mass drug administration (MDA) is lacking, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted large-scale active safety surveillance to identify the incidence, types, severity, and associated risk factors of adverse events (AEs) following praziquantel and albendazole MDA in 5848 school children (5–15 years old). Before MDA, 1484 (25.4%) children were prescreened for S. mansoni and STH infections, of whom 71.8% were infected with at least one parasite; 34.5% (512/1484) had S. mansoni and 853 (57.5%) had an STH infection. After collecting the baseline socio-demographic, clinical, and medical data, including any pre-existing clinical symptoms, participants received single dose praziquantel and albendazole MDA. Treatment-associated AEs were actively monitored on days 1 and 7 of the MDA. The events reported before and after the MDA were cross-checked and verified to identify MDA-associated AEs. The cumulative incidence of experiencing at least one type of MDA-associated AE was 13.3% (95% CI = 12.5–14.2%); 85.5%, 12.4%, and 1.8% of reported AEs were mild, moderate, and severe, respectively. The proportion of experiencing one, two, or ≥ three types of AEs was 57.7%, 34.1%, and 8.2%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of AEs in S. mansoni- and (17.0%) and STH (14.1%)-infected children was significantly higher (p < 0.001, χ2 = 15.0) than in non-infected children (8.4%). Headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, dizziness, and nausea were the most common AEs. Being female, older age, having S. mansoni or STH infection were significant predictors of MDA-associated AEs. In summary, praziquantel and albendazole co-administration is generally safe and tolerable. MDA-associated AEs are mostly mild-to-moderately severe and transient. The finding of few severe AEs and significantly high rates of AEs in helminth-infected children underscores the need to integrate pharmacovigilance in MDA programs, especially in high schistosomiasis and STH endemic areas.

To address childhood malnutrition, the use of multifaceted methodologies, such as mixed methods research, is required to inform effective and contextual interventions. However, this remains limited in studying malnutrition among school children in a South African context, notwithstanding its persistence. We adopted a convergent parallel mixed methods design to best understand the magnitude of malnutrition through multilevel influences in a rural area. A quantitative survey determined the magnitude of malnutrition and associated factors among school children and their mothers (n = 508), parallel to a qualitative study, which explored mothers’ insights into the influences of child growth and nutrition in interviews using seven focus group discussions. Mixed methods integration was achieved through convergence of the quantitative constructs developed from measured variables for malnutrition and related factors with ten emergent qualitative themes using a joint display analysis to compare the findings and generate meta-inferences. Qualitative themes on food unavailability and affordability, poor feeding beliefs and practices, and decision to purchase foods were consistent with the quantified poor socio-demographic status of mothers. Furthermore, the qualitative data explained the high prevalence of undernutrition among children but did not corroborate the high estimated households’ food security in the quantitative survey. The misperceptions of mothers on child growth agreed with limited food knowledge as well as lack of knowledge on child growth gathered during the survey. Moreover, mothers believed that their children were growing well despite the high presence of childhood undernutrition. Mothers further overrated the effectiveness of school feeding programmes in providing healthy food to children as compared to their household food. They reported high incidence of food allergies, diarrhea, and vomiting caused by food consumed at school which resulted in children not eating certain foods. This might have impacted on the nutritional status of children since mothers depended on the school feeding program to provide food for their children. The ambiguity of cultural influences in relation to child growth was evident and substantiated during qualitative interview. Mixed methods integration offered a better understanding of malnutrition from empirical findings on interrelated factors at child, maternal, household, and school levels. This study points to a need for multilevel, informed, and contextual multidimensional interventions to contribute towards addressing childhood malnutrition in South Africa.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a few studies used accelerometers to assess physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in the family context. This study aimed to assess children and parents’ moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time, as well as their relationship in MVPA and sedentary time. Data were collected from 30 parent–child dyads during the COVID-pandemic for seven days, using a hip-worn accelerometer. Children and parents engaged in 65.6 and 34.6 min/day in MVPA and 442.2 and 427.9 min/day sedentary, respectively. There was no evidence of gender difference in MVPA and sedentary between boys and girls. Male parent spent more time in MVPA than female parents. A total of 50% of children and 53.3% of parents met the recommended PA. Children’s MVPA and sedentary time were both correlated with that of their parents. Adjusted linear regression showed that only child MVPA was negatively associated with their parents’ MVPA. There is evidence that multi-level interventions involving parents and children are more effective than interventions focusing on a single group. This study also provides evidence to support the link between MVPA and sedentary time between parents and children. Generalization of the findings is difficult due to the bias of self-selection sample.

U promicanju zdravlja kroz zdravstvenu zaštitu djece važno mjesto zauzimaju preventivne mjere u cilju optimizacije rasta i razvoja djece školske dobi. Fiziološki kod djece školske dobi javljaju se različite psihosomatske promjene. Upravo sistematsko praćenje rasta i razvoja djece osnova je za poduzimanje pravovremenih odgovarajućih medicinskih intervencija u cilju osiguranja zdravlja. Medicinska sestra ima važnu ulogu u neometanom pružanju sveobuhvatnih zdravstvenih usluga školskoj djeci i mladima. Sve veći broj učenika ulazi u škole s kroničnim zdravstvenim stanjima koja zahtijevaju upravljanje tijekom školskog dana. Uloga medicinske sestre kao člana multidisciplinarnog tima je pružanje preventivne skrbi, rano prepoznavanje problema, provođenje intervencija i pružanje preporuka za poticanje zdravstvenog i obrazovnog uspjeha. Za optimalnu brigu o djeci važni su čimbenici uspjeha, priprema, kontinuirano obrazovanje i odgovarajuće osoblje te medicinske sestre. Daju se preporuke kako bi se olakšao radni odnos između medicinske sestre i djeteta zajedno sa članovima njegove obitelji. Cilj rada je opisati rast i razvoj djece školske dobi, znakove rizičnog ponašanja, zaštitu od zaraznih bolesti, prehranu, opisati standarde i smjernice za praćenje istih s naglaskom na ulogu medicinske sestre u pružanju skrbi. In the promotion of health through the health care of children, an important place is occupied by preventive measures aimed at optimizing the growth and development of school-age children. Physiologically, school-aged children experience various psychosomatic changes. Precisely the systematic monitoring of the growth and development of children is the basis for undertaking timely and appropriate medical interventions in order to ensure health. The nurse plays an important role in the uninterrupted provision of comprehensive health services to school children and young people. An increasing number of students are entering schools with chronic health conditions that require management during the school day. The role of the nurse as a member of the multidisciplinary team is to provide preventive care, early identification of problems, implementation of interventions and recommendations to encourage health and educational success. Preparation, continuing education and appropriate staff and nurses are important success factors for optimal child care. Recommendations are given to facilitate the working relationship between the nurse and the child together with his family members. The aim of the paper is to describe the growth and development of school-age children, signs of risky behavior, protection against infectious diseases, nutrition, to describe standards and guidelines for monitoring them with an emphasis on the role of the nurse in providing care.

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a critical component of basic life support. Everyone must know the importance of CPR and how to perform the procedure when an emergency strikes. Hence the current study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching programme on adult CPR among school students. Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental research design was carried out with 60 samples who met the inclusion criteria at a selected Government Corporation School. An interview schedule was used to collect the background information and assess knowledge of CPR using a structured multiple choice questionnaire at the beginning of the study, followed by video-assisted teaching on CPR given in the common room. Reinforcement was given on alternate days for seven days, and at the end of the seventh day, a post-test was done using the same questionnaire. The data were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The finding of the study reveals that 54(90%) had inadequate knowledge and 6(10%) had moderately adequate, whereas in the post-test, 31(52%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 29(48%) had adequate knowledge on CPR and also found statistically significant improvement in the knowledge on CPR at the level of PKeywords: Video assisted teaching, VAT, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, CPR, School children. Title: Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching program on Adult CPR among School Students Author: Thenmozhi. P, Kishore. V, Axcel Julita. D International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 10, Issue 1, April 2022 - September 2022 Page No: 356-360 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 27-September-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7116189 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/effectiveness-of-video-assisted-teaching-program-on-adult-cpr-among-school-students, International Journal of Healthcare Sciences, ISSN 2348-5728 (Online), Research Publish Journals, Website: www.researchpublish.com, {"references":["[1]\thttps://www.sca-aware.org/about-sudden-cardiac-arrest/latest-statistics. Retrieved on 17.02.2022","[2]\tAmerican Heart Association (AHA). Heart Attack and Sudden Cardiac Arrest Differencesexternal icon. Retrieved on March, 2022.","[3]\thttps://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/10-of-the-deaths-in-india-is-due-to-sudden-cardiac-arrest-dr-ajit-thachil/68366994","[4]\tAl-Turki YA, Al-Fraih YS, Jalaly JB, Al- Maghlouth IA, Al-Rashoudi FH, Al-Otaibi AF, et al. Knowledge and attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation among university students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J; 2008;29(9):1306e1309.","[5]\tBogle B, Mehrotra S, Chiampas G, et al.. Assessment of knowledge and attitudes regarding automated external defibrillators and cardiopulmonary resuscitation among American university students. Emerg Med J 2013; 30:837–41.","[6]\tBray JE, Smith K, Case R, et al. Public cardiopulmonary resuscitation training rates and awareness of hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a cross-sectional survey of Victorians. Emerg Med Australas 2017;29:158–64.","[7]\tKanstad BK, Nilsen SA, Fredriksen K. CPR knowledge and attitude to performing bystander CPR among secondary school students in Norway. Resuscitation 2011;82:1053–9.","[8]\tUrban J, Thode H, Stapleton E, et al. Current knowledge of and willingness to perform Hands-Only™ CPR in laypersons. Resuscitation 2013; 84:1574–8.","[9]\tBerdowski J, Berg RA, Tijssen JGP, et al. Global incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: systematic review of 67 prospective studies. Resuscitation 2010; 81:1479–87.","[10]\tBobrow BJ, Vadeboncoeur TF, Spaite DW, et al. The effectiveness of ultrabrief and brief educational videos for training lay responders in hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation: implications for the future of citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2011; 4:220–6."]}

Volunteer food handlers (VFHs) working in school feeding programmes contribute immensely to the safety of food served to the school learners. However, their level of knowledge and practice of safe food handling is questionable. This study investigated food safety knowledge and practices of VFHs working for the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) in Gauteng North District, South Africa. This was a descriptive quantitative study in which data were obtained using a standard structured questionnaire. A total of 115 VFHs participated in the study. Most of the VFHs (n = 84, 73.0%) had secondary education with working experience of between 1 to 12 months. Although a high level of knowledge on food safety was demonstrated by the VFHs, this did not fully translate into safe food handling practices. The new VFH recruits were 66% more likely to wear protective clothing than the rest (OR: 0.34, 95%CI: 0.12–0.91, p = 0.033). Women were 90% more likely to wear aprons than men (OR = 0.11; 95 CI: 0.03–0.45; p = 0.002). In this study, VFHs demonstrated adequate levels of knowledge on food safety. Lack of facilities contributed to VFH non-compliance to safe food handling practices. Thus, there is a need to further support VFHs to comply with recommended safe food handling practices.

Background: Functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs) are an important yet highly under explored area among public health issues. FGIDs’ complex etiology makes them of interest along with their prevalence in children steadily increasing, especially in the developing world. We aimed to determine the burden FGIDs pose on school-going children, and to determine its association with the dietary intake patterns in Pakistani children. Methodology: The study included 385 school-children from public and private schools in Pakistan through multistage random sampling, from March to August 2022. We used the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Rome IV Criteria for a comprehensive exploration of the issue. Associations between the FGIDs and dietary factors were analyzed using chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests in SPSS version 26.0. Results: Females constituted 77.4% (n = 298) of all respondents, while 44.9% (n = 173) of the total reported a family history of gastrointestinal diseases. FFQ analysis showed varying consumption frequencies for different food groups. Functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were the highest reported FGIDs with a prevalence of 38.7% (n = 149) and 24.9% (n = 96), respectively. Statistical associations were found between different FGIDs and gender, age, household income, family members, and dietary variables such as fruit, vegetable, beverage and pulse consumption. Conclusion: FGIDs were found to be associated with a number of socio-demographic and dietary factors which calls for small scale and large scale attention to the issue. Results from the current study and further studies may help develop guidelines to manage these disorders in Pakistan.

Digital technologies in combination with creative activities have been introduced in schools as a strategy for learning and teaching activities offering scaffolding opportunities. Additionally, digital game-based learning (DGBL) activities have also been tried out in schools in recent years, as well as different mobile technologies, with the ambition to create smart learning. In this study, we aim to explore how school children's collaborative interactions, while engaged in problem-solving activities using smart and mobile technology, unfolds. Drawing from a contextual perspective on learning, our study combines theoretical views on joint participation, affordances and sense of community in relation to collaborative interactions. Questions posed in this study are: (1) In what ways do children's digital game design activities drive and/or support collaborative interactions while engaged in problem-solving activities? and (2) How are children's digital game design ideas manifested during game design activities involving smart mobile technology? The study is based on a case where a creative workshop involving 22 Swedish third-grade children (9–10 years of age) participating in game design activities carried out in a pedagogical lab setting. By employing a thematic analysis, the results of the study show that the children deployed different orientations in their collaborative interactions, and that a sense of community emerged when the children worked on solving the problem of designing and producing a joint digital game idea, using mobile technology. On the basis of this, we argue that, when designing for educational activities involving smart mobile technology, it is pivotal to be aware of the pedagogical context, since this aspect of the design creates meaningful collaborative interactions; it is only then smart mobile technology becomes smart. These results have important implications for the methodological field of including smart mobile technology in learning situations.

Children have been exposed to electronic devices. They grow up thinking that these devices are a part of their daily lives. As they get older, their dependency on such devices grows, even during school days. As a result, their physical activity is hardly handled even until they reach adulthood. This study assessed the frequency of physical activity, duration of screen time, and association between these variables amongst school children. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 800 school-based adolescents aged 12 to 14 years at A.M.U. High Schools, Aligarh, in July 2018 to June 2019. Students were asked about their physical activity and screen habits by disseminating a self- reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. The study found that most of the students had adequate physical activities (75.51%), while the reported screen time duration was also adequate for most (59.1%).The association between the two variables was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). For the students with inadequate frequency of physical activity and enough duration of screen time, interventions should be done both at family and school levels to make them more physically active and better at performing studies and reaping the benefits of good health. Keywords: physical activity, school children, adolescents, screen time