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Background: Anemia, interpreted as a low blood hemoglobin values, was considered as a major health complication in the world. However, anemia in pregnancy is a global public health problem in the developing countries, posing high risk of adverse results for expecting mothers as well as their fetus. The aim of study was to compare nutrients' intake among pregnant anemic & non-anemic women. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore over a period of 4 months. The data were collected from 150 pregnant women, including 75 anemic and 75 non-anemic women, through pre-tested questionnaire using non-probability convenient sampling method. Data were tabulated and analyzed with help of SPSS version 21.0. Results: Analysis revealed that 34% of women had carbohydrate intake between 0-150 g/day, 44% had protein intake less than 50 g daily, and 36% had daily fat intake between 0-100 g/day. Moreover, 46.7% of the pregnant women were vitamins deficient, 51% were minerals deficient, 52% were iron deficient, 54.7% consumed tea with their meals, 44% had vitamin B3 intake less than 10 mg, 48% had vitamin C intake less than 50 mg, 48% had vitamin A intake between 0-500 RAE, 42% had calcium intake between 0-500 mg, and 31% had iron intake between 0-10 mg. Conclusion: The findings showed that nutrient intake of anemic pregnant women was not sufficient in the protein rich diet; they had high consumption of tea with their meals. Their overall energy intake and micronutrients were less than the required as per recommended dietary allowance in pregnancy.

In adolescence, the body requires sufficient amounts of adequate nutrients. This is especially important in the case of young athletes, for whom a nutrition plan should be as significant as a proper training plan. The aim of the study was a 17-week follow-up of the effects of individual and group nutrition intervention on changes in eating habits and selected biochemical parameters. 46 young soccer players aged 12–17 from the Soccer Academy in Northeastern Poland completed the study. One group received only individual recommendations, while the other additionally received group nutrition education. As a result of the dietary education, teenagers from the latter group consumed less saccharose (44 g vs. 39.2 g) in favor of digestible carbohydrates (266 g vs. 273 g) and dietary fiber (19.7 g vs. 22.2 g), further emphasizing the health-promoting profile of diets. The amount of fluid consumed (33% vs. 48% above 2 L of water a day) and the habits of the peri-workout hydration routine were also improved. Many of the participants (41%) reported faster regeneration while 26% experienced an overall better well-being. The short-term intervention produced positive results, but nevertheless it is the implementation of long-term dietary improvement schemes involving parents and coaches that should be the direction of future approaches.

A computer-based nutritional analysis program can help to identify the nutritional status of people and provide information for nutritional counseling, nutrition education, diet planning, and menu development. Although computer-based nutritional analysis has been conducted since the 1960s in developed countries, in developing countries nutritional analysis programs either do not exist or need improving. This study tests two analysis programs developed by different countries to compare the nutrition status data calculated by two different analysts to highlight the importance of developing an appropriate nutrition analysis tool. An interview-administered 24-h dietary recall method was conducted with 100 adults aged 40∼59 years in Vientiane, Laos. Analysts from Korea and Laos, respectively, calculated nutrient intake using the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University CALculation (INMUCAL) nutritional analysis program (Bangkok, Thailand). Nutrient intake was also compared using two different analysis tools, INMUCAL and computer aided nutrition-al analysis program (CAN-Pro) 5.0 software (Seoul, Korea). The average nutrient intake calculated by the different analysts using INMUCAL were not significantly different. Furthermore, macronutrient intake calculated by CAN-Pro 5.0 and INMUCAL did not significantly differ, aside for intake of iron, thiamin, and vitamin C. Nutrient intake calculated by one analysis program differed from those calculated by a different program in Laos. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an appropriate nutritional analysis program that reflects the diet behavior and food culture in Laos and to understand the nutritional status of Laotians.

The occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) significantly affects the course of diabetes mellitus (DM), resulting in deterioration of insulin sensitivity and metabolic control, as well as many cardiometabolic complications. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between cardiovascular biomarkers, nutritional status, dietary factors and the occurrence of MetS among 120 participants from northeast Poland (adolescents with type 1 DM and healthy peers). MetS was assessed using several criteria: nutritional status by anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis by bioelectrical impedance, and diet using a food diary and questionnaire. MetS was diagnosed in every third diabetic. Compared to healthy peers, MetS patients had higher total body fat (26% vs. 14%, p < 0.001) and visceral fat (77 cm2 vs. 35 cm2, p < 0.001), and lower total antioxidant status (1.249 mmol/L vs. 1.579 mmol/L, p < 0.001). Additionally, their diet was rich in saturated fatty acids, but low in dietary fiber as well as mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The group of diabetics reported many inappropriate eating behaviors. The combination of those with the presence of an excessive content of visceral fat tissue and abnormal values of MetS components may negatively affect metabolic control, thus accelerating the development of cardiometabolic complications.

Introduction In recent years a steady increase in the number of obese people has been observed worldwide. This problem is also increasingly applicable to children and adolescents. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies carried out in Poland over ten years (2005–2015) which analysed the diet of preschool children and assessed how significantly it affects the prevention of diet-dependent disease. Material and methods Two of the researchers independently performed a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Polish Medical Bibliography to find studies published between 2005 and 2015. The variance of the means of differences between selected factors in relation to dietary guidelines and standards for preschool children was estimated by summing the individual variances of means. The means of differences between selected factors across the studies were pooled using random-effects model meta-analysis. Results The analysis included a total of 2095 children. Mean protein content in the diet of children studied is 111% higher than indicated in dietary recommendations for this age group; mean consumption of carbohydrates in the study group is 24% higher than recommended. In moderately high calorie diets, analysis showed that the recommended norm is exceeded by 47%, CE 0.77, p < 0.001. Conclusions Nutrient intake is not compliant with recommendations for this age group and could not only inhibit physical development, but also increase the risk of diet-dependent diseases.

Purpose Vegetarian diets exclude meat, fish and poultry and/or egg and dairy products, these diets are based on grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes and seeds. The purpose of this study is to compare the nutritional status between lacto-ovo vegetarian and non-vegetarian Jordanian adults. Design/methodology/approach A case-control study was conducted during the period between (April–November 2019). In total, 200 Jordanians in early adulthood aged between 18 and 35 years participated in the present study; 100 subjects were non-vegetarians and 100 subjects were lacto-ovo vegetarians. The ratio was (1:1). Matching between the two groups was done in terms of age, sex and body mass index. A package that consisted of three structured questionnaires: Personal Information Sheet, Food Frequency Questionnaire and Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall were administered to all participants in this study. Findings The concentration of serum vitamin B12 was significantly higher (P = 0.011) in non-vegetarians than lacto-ovo vegetarians. The means of intake of calories (P = 0.003), calories from fat (P = 0.001), calories from saturated fat (P = 0.001), protein (P = 0.001), fat (P = 0.001), saturated fat (P = 0.001), monounsaturated fat (P = 0.022), polyunsaturated fat (P = 0.001), cholesterol (P = 0.001) and omega-6 (P = 0.039) were significantly higher in non-vegetarians. The intakes Mean of carbohydrates (P = 0.001), fiber (P = 0.001) and soluble fiber (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in lacto-ovo vegetarians compared to non-vegetarians. The mean of beta-carotene intake was significantly higher (P = 0.001) in lacto-ovo vegetarians compared to non-vegetarians, although the intakes of vitamin A(RAE) and retinol were significantly higher (P = 0.029, P = 0.001, respectively) in non-vegetarians as compared to lacto-ovo vegetarians. The means of vitamins B2 (P = 0.018), B3 (P = 0.001), B3NE (P = 0.001), B6 (mg) (P = 0.001), B12 (P = 0.001), E-a-Tocopherol (P = 0.001) and D (P = 0.001) intake were significantly higher in non-vegetarians compared to lacto-ovo vegetarians. The mean intakes of vitamins C (P = 0.033), folate (P = 0.005) and K (P = 0.002) were significantly in lacto-ovo vegetarians compared to non-vegetarians. Means intake of some minerals was significantly higher in non-vegetarians than lacto-ovo vegetarians. Originality/value The current study showed that lacto-ovo vegetarians had lower serum vitamin B12 levels. The consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes was higher in lacto-ovo vegetarians than non-vegetarians. While lacto-ovo vegetarian diet provided less fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat and cholesterol than non-vegetarians, it could be considered a rich source for fiber, folate, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin K.

Because of economic reform, dietary pattern in China changed rapidly during the past two decades. Meanwhile, the changes of income and nutrients intake had the same trend. This study aims to measure the income-related inequality in daily nutrients intake and its health-related income mobility over time. Data was sourced from four waves of China Health and Nutrition Survey. Concentration indexes and health-related income mobility indexes were employed to measure the income-related inequality of nutrients intake and its change over time. This study found that the daily protein intake, daily fat intake, daily energy intake, and proportion of energy from fat over 30% were more concentrated on the rich, whereas daily carbohydrates intake among the poor. The income-related inequalities were more severe than the cross-sectional perspective in the long run. The dynamic change of urbanisation indexes has resulted that over 30% of energy from fat was more concentrated among the rich and carbohydrates intake among the poor. The nutrition transition may bring about more severe disease economic burden to the poor in the future. This study recommends an approach to minimize gaps between rural and city areas by promoting rural revitalization to reduce the income-related inequality in daily nutrient intake.

Objective: Maternal nutrition is considered an important pillar in the pregnancy outcomes for both mother and infant. A mother’s malnutrition and inadequate nutrient intake is associated with many undesirable pregnancy outcomes. Hence, assessing the nutritional status of the mother in the early stages of the pregnancy and preventing any inadequacy can preclude many health problems for both mother and infant. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the adequacy of nutrient intakes among Jordanian pregnant women as compared to their corresponding dietary reference intakes (DRIs). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a major University Hospital in Jordan. Three hundred pregnant women were invited to participate in the study and 286 agreed to participate. Fifty pregnant women were enrolled at week 9, then 96 pregnant women were at week 20 and 137 pregnant women were at week 30 of pregnancy. The participants completed the interview-based demographic questionnaire, pregnancy physical activity questionnaire, and quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: The mean energy intake was 2768.9 ± 767.8 kcal/day and it was significantly higher in the 3rd trimester (p &lt, 0.05). Women in the 3rd trimester consumed significantly more protein, carbohydrates, and sugar than women in the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p &lt, 0.05). The pregnant women in the 3rd trimester consumed more sodium than women in the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p &lt, 0.05). The vitamin K intake was significantly (p = 0.045) lower in the 2nd trimester than the 1st and 3rd trimesters. The calcium intake was significantly higher in the 3rd trimester than the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p = 0.021). The total micronutrient (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, and D, calcium, and iron) intakes derived from dietary supplements and food sources throughout the 3 trimesters was significantly higher in the 3rd trimester than the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p &lt, 0.05). The vitamin D, calcium, and iron intakes had the most significant increases between the 1st and 3rd trimesters (p &lt, 0.001), while folic acid intake was significantly higher in the 1st trimester than the 2nd and 3rd trimester (p &lt, 0.001). Most women exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for sodium in all trimesters, while 82% of women exceeded the UL of folic acid in the 1st trimester and from the supplement, not the diet. Conclusion: While the intake of some nutrients from food alone remains below the DRIs in the diets of pregnant women, the intake of other nutrients is above the UL. Raising the awareness of pregnant women about their diet and how a supplement intake can reduce the risk of inadequate intake for many micronutrients and improve their pregnancy outcomes is of great importance.

Objectives: The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary energy and protein level growth performances of selected indigenous Ethiopian sheep breeds. Materials and Methods: Fifty intact ram lambs, 25 from each breed with 12 months of age and a mean initial body weight (IBW) of 19.31 ± 1.7 kg, were employed for this experiment. Animals were distributed randomly into five dietary treatments, i.e., minimum Energy and Protein (mEmP), medium energy and protein (MEMP), medium Energy and high Protein (MEHP), high energy and medium protein (HEMP), and high Energy and high Protein (HEHP) diets in randomized complete block design with 2 * 5 factorial arrangements. The minimum, medium, and high energy diets were 2.388, 2.866, and 3.344 Mcal/kg dry matter (DM) with the corresponding 10%, 16%, and 20% crude protein (CP) diets, respectively. The diets were formulated in a total mixed ration from wheat bran (WB), maize grain, peanut cake, and pasture hay feed ingredients. Diet offer was at the rate of 3% of lambs live weight and revised biweekly as per the attained body weight changes. Digestibility trial was conducted for 7 days of actual fecal data collection, followed by 90 days of feeding trial. Results: The animals fed on the MEHP diet had a maximum DM and nutrient intakes (CP and organic matter) and the best final body weight (FBW), total gain, gain rate, average daily gains, and feed conversion efficiency (31.3, 12.9 kg, 41.2%, 143.3 gm, and 23.13, respectively), followed by HEMP, HEHP, MEMP, and mEmP diets. Digestibility of DM and nutrients linearly followed similar trends (p < 0.01). Hararghe sheep was heavier (p < 0.01) by 4.3 and 3.1 kg in its FBW and total gain and more efficient in nutrients utilization (22.57 vs. 18.18) as compared to Afar sheep (AS). Conclusion: It is concluded that MEHP and MEMP are superior and optimum diets for sheep breeds, and Hararghe sheep is carried out better than AS in most growth performance parameters. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(2.000): 185-194]

This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of growing rabbits fed diets with different levels of either Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM) leaf meals and also to compare total collection and TiO2 marker methods for estimating digestibility. A total of 30 California growing rabbits (1.81±0.19 kg live weight on average) were randomly distributed into five experimental groups of six rabbits each and were housed in individual cages. The groups were control, 30% LLM, 40% LLM, 30% MOLM, and 40% MOLM. All groups received pelleted diets for two weeks; diets also contained 4 g/kg titanium dioxide as dietary marker. Daily feed intake was recorded during the whole experimental period and total feces were collected daily and weighed individually during four days. The results showed that there were no difference (p>0.05) in feed, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), digestible energy, and crude fiber (CF) intake between the control group and the other experimental groups. The apparent digestibility values of DM, OM, CP, CF, acid detergent fiber, and gross energy were the highest for control group (p = 0.001), meanwhile MOLM diets had generally higher nutrient digestibility coefficients than LLM diets. Increasing the inclusion level of leaf meal in the diet from 30% to 40% improved the digestibility of CF from 45.02% to 51.69% for LLM and from 48.11% to 55.89% for MOLM. Similar results for apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were obtained when either total collection or indigestible marker method was used. In conclusion, the digestibility of MOLM containing diets were better than LLM diets, furthermore TiO2 as an external marker could be used as a simple, practical and reliable method to estimate nutrients digestibility in rabbit diets.

The objective was to analyze the ingestive behavior, forage intake and pasture characteristics when beef heifers are kept exclusively on ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) or receiving ground corn grain as supplement (0.9% of body weight (BW )) with or without addition of crude glycerin (0.2% BW). Experimental animals were Angus heifers with initial age and body weight of eight months and 166.2 ± 9.5 kg, respectively. The grazing method was continuous with variable number of animals. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures. Dry matter intake was estimated using chromium oxide as an indicator of fecal output. Heifers ingested a similar amount of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber. Forage intake was 19.0% lower when heifers receiving ground corn grain as supplement with or without addition of crude glycerin and these reduction in dry matter intake of forage provided increase of 38.2% in the stocking rate. Heifers that received crude glycerin as a supplement spent more time in the trough than heifers that received only ground corn grain. Objetivou-se avalizar o comportamento ingestivo, ingestão de forragem e as características da pastagem quando bezerras de corte são mantidas exclusivamente em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ou recebendo grão de milho quebrado como suplemento (0,9% do peso corporal (PC)) com ou sem adição de glicerina bruta (0,2% PC). Os animais experimentais foram bezerras Angus com idade e peso inicial de oito meses e 166,2 ± 9,5 kg, respectivamente. O método de pastejo foi o contínuo com número variável de animais. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo. A ingestão de matéria seca foi estimada usando óxido de cromo como indicador de produção fecal. As bezerras ingeriram similares quantidades de matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro. A ingestão de forragem foi 19.0% menor quando as bezerras recebem grão de milho quebrado como suplemento com ou sem adição de glicerina bruta e essa redução na ingestão de matéria seca de forragem promove aumento de 38,2% na taxa de lotação. Bezerras que recebem glicerina bruta como suplemento permanecem mais tempo no cocho do que bezerras que recebem somente grão de milho quebrado.

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of silages of different sorghum cultivars through digestibility and nutrient intake and performance of sheep. The experiment was conducted at the Pendência Experimental Station, of the State Company for Agricultural Research of Paraíba S.A. For the experiment, thirty-five rams were used, without defined breed, with average live weight of 17.7 kg, distributed in a completely randomized block design, with five diets and seven replicates to determine intake and performance; and 25 non-castrated rams, without defined breed, distributed in a completely randomized design with five diets and five replicates, to determine the digestibility of nutrients. The average daily intake of dry matter was, on average, 994.66 g. Only the average intakes of ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and non-fibrous carbohydrates, were affected by the diets. The weight gain (WG), feed conversion and feed efficiency of the animals receiving the diets suffered no effect. Silages of BRS 655, 610, 800, 810 and Ponta Negra provided similar intake and digestibility of nutrients. The use of silages of different sorghum cultivars (BRS 610, BRS 655, BRS 800, BRS 810 and Ponta Negra) in diets for confined sheep provide similar performance and intakes. RESUMO O objetivo com este estudo foi avaliar a utilização de silagens de diferentes cultivares de sorgo através do consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e desempenho de ovinos. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental de Pendência, da Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária da Paraíba S.A. Para o experimento, foram utilizados trinta e cinco carneiros, sem raça definida, com peso vivo médio de 17,7 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições para determinar o consumo e desempenho; e 25 carneiros não castrados, sem raça definida, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições, para determinar a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. O consumo médio diário de matéria seca foi, em média, 994,66 g. Somente os consumos médios de extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos não-fibrosos, foram afetados pelas dietas. O ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar e eficiência alimentar dos animais que receberam as dietas não foram afetados pelos diferentes cultivares utilizados. Silagens de sorgo BRS 655, 610, 800, 810 e Ponta Negra promoveram consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes semelhantes. A utilização de silagens de diferentes cultivares de sorgo (BRS 610, BRS 655, BRS 800, BRS 810 e Ponta Negra) em dietas para ovinos em confinamento promove desempenho e consumo similar.

Objetivos: El objeto de este trabajo ha sido analizar si la edad de la madre al nacimiento del niño, puede condicionar el consumo de alimentos y la ingesta de energía y nutrientes, así como la adecuación de la dieta, de sus hijos en edad preescolar. Material y métodos: Se han recogido datos socioeconómicos, antropométricos y dietéticos, de un colectivo de 103 preescolares de Madrid, y se ha dividido a la población en función de que la madre fuera = 26 años (Percentil 25) o menor de 26 años en el momento de nacer su hijo. Resultados: Un 25,2% de las madres de los preescolares estudiados, tuvieron a su hijo antes de los 26 años de edad y un 6,8% antes de los 18. Los niños de madres más jóvenes consumen menos azúcares (p < 0,01) y bebidas sin alcohol (p < 0,05), pero también menos frutas (p < 0,01), y más varios (p < 0,05). La energía aportada por las grasas fue inferior (p < 0,05) y la de hidratos de carbono superior (p < 0,05), en los niños de madres más mayores. Además, el perfil lipídico también fue más adecuado en estos niños, con un menor aporte calórico por parte de las grasas poliinsaturadas (p < 0,05). Igualmente, la ingesta de fibra (p < 0,05) y de vitamina C (p < 0,001) fue superior en los hijos de madres de mayor edad. Conclusiones: Parece que la edad de la madre supone una influencia sobre los hábitos alimentarios y la dieta de sus hijos, pudiendo resultar un factor de protección frente a la inadecuación dietética en el niño, por lo que las madres más jóvenes quizás puedan requerir un asesoramiento especial en este sentido.Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse whether the mother's age at the offspring's birth may condition food consumption and energy and nutrients intake as well as the appropriateness of the diet of their offspring at pre-school age. Materials and methods: socio-economic, anthropometrical, and dietary data were collected from a group of 103 pre-school children from Madrid, and the population was divided according to the mother's age (= 26 years (percentile 25) or < 26 years) at birth. Results: Twenty-two point five of the mothers of the preschool children studied had their offspring before 26 years of age and 6.8% before 18. Children from younger mothers consumed less sugars (p < 0.01) and alcohol-free beverages (p < 0.05), but also less fruits (p < 0.01) and others (p < 0.05). The energy from fats was lower (p < 0.05) and that from carbohydrates higher (p < 0.05) among children with older mothers. Besides, the lipid profile was also better in this children, with less caloric intake from polyunsaturated fats (p < 0.05). Besides, fibre (p < 0.05) and vitamin C (p < 0.001) intake was higher in children from older mothers. Conclusions: It seems that mother's age may have an influence on dietary habits of their children and be a protection factor against dietary inappropriateness of the offspring, so that younger mothers might need special counselling in this respect.

BACKGROUND: This research is planned, progressed and resulted in order to examine the nutrition status, nutrition habits of the female generations (daughter, mother and grandmother) and find out the solution proposals according to research results. METHODS: The girls who are living in Mamak/Ankara, and their mothers and grandmothers constitute the sampling of this research. The reason of selecting this school is the easy availability of generations which is gained by researcher’s duty (teacher) in this school. This research is practised on 426 women (142 girls, 142 mothers of these students, 142 grandmothers). Three women’s body mass index (BMI), daily energy & nutrients intake level, daily food nourishment level and the obese and normal weight women’s energy and nutrient intakes are compared. RESULTS: When the daily energy and nutrients are compared with the standarts , it is seen that the daughters’, mothers’, grandmothers’ consumptions are sufficient with the percentages 53.5, 54.9, 53.5% for energy; 55.9, 63.4, 64.8% for protein; 18.3, 36.6, 35.2% for riboflavine; 19.0, 2.3, 31.0% for calcium; 48.6, 37.3, 38.0% for iron; respectively. If generations’ (daughter, mother, grandmother) daily nutrient consumption variety is compared among them it is found that the difference is not important (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: With the result of this study, nutrition training which helps young generation to protect their self from degenerative disease will be necessary. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2008; 7(4.000): 269-276]

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nutritional intake and depressive symptoms in Valencian schoolchildren. The ANIVA (Antropometria y Nutricion Infantil de Valencia) study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. During academic year 2013–2014, 710 schoolchildren aged 6–9 years were selected from eleven primary schools in Valencia (Spain). Children’s dietary intake was measured on three-day food records, completed by parents/guardians; children completed the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) Questionnaire to measure depressive symptoms. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), and z-scores were evaluated in all subjects. Nutrient adequacy was assessed using Spanish dietary recommended intakes (DRIs); 20.70% of the sample presented depressive symptoms. We identified a positive association between children with depressive symptoms and non-depressive symptoms for thiamin, vitamin K, and bromine (p < 0.05), and a negative association for protein, carbohydrates, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B12 and E, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and aluminum (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between both groups according to the DRIs for intakes of total energy (p = 0.026), fiber (p < 0.001), vitamin C (p < 0.001), vitamin E (p = 0.004), magnesium (p = 0.018), and iron (p = 0.013). Our results demonstrated that carbohydrates were the most closely associated factor with depressive symptoms, and highlight the potential significant public health implications of inadequate nutritional intake on schoolchildren’s mental health.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de hipovitaminose A em pré-escolares de creches públicas da cidade do Recife, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, envolvendo 311 crianças menores de cinco anos, de ambos os sexos, aleatoriamente selecionadas, e avaliadas pelos indicadores bioquímico (retinol sérico), dietético (inquérito de consumo alimentar) e antropométrico (peso/idade, altura/idade e peso/altura). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de níveis de retinol sérico baixos (0,05). O consumo dietético de vitamina A mostrou sensibilidade reduzida (43,0%) e baixíssimo valor preditivo positivo (6,8%) no diagnóstico da hiporretinolemia. CONCLUSÃO: A identificação de grupos populacionais vulneráveis, bem como a seleção de indicadores fidedignos do estado nutricional de vitamina A, são elementos essenciais para o diagnóstico e o planejamento de ações visando à prevenção e ao controle dessa carência nutricional específica.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the extent of vitamin A deficiency among preschool children attending public day care centres in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey involving 311 under 5-year-old children of both sexes, randomly selected, and assessed by biochemical (serum retinol), dietetic (vitamin A rich-food consumption) and anthropometric indicators (weight-for-height, weight-for-age and height-for-age). RESULTS: The prevalence of hyporetinolemia (serum retinol 0.05). Vitamin A rich-food intake showed low sensitivity (43.0%) and a very low positive predictive value (6.8%) as a screening diagnostic test for vitamin A deficiency. CONCLUSION: The identification of vulnerable population groups, and the selection of reliable indicators for the assessment of vitamin A status, are both essential for the diagnosis and planning aimed at preventing and controlling vitamin A deficiency.

Calcium is an important nutrient for child development. The main objective of this study was to assess calcium intake and its adequacy with dietary reference intake (DRI) in Spanish children. The ANIVA (Antropometría y Nutrición Infantil de Valencia) study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. During two academic years 2013–2014 and 2014–2015, 1176 schoolchildren aged 6–9 years were selected from 14 primary schools in Valencia (Spain). Three-day food records were used to assess dietary intake, completed by parents/guardian. Anthropometric data (weight and height) were evaluated in all subjects. Nutritional intake was compared to estimated average requirements (EARs) and adequate intake (AI) values to determine nutritional adequacy. A percentage of 25.77% had inadequate calcium intake, and a significantly higher prevalence was observed in girls (p = 0.006). Adequate calcium intake showed a positive association with the height z-score (p = 0.032). When assessing dietary patterns, schoolchildren with adequate calcium intakes had better nutritional adequacy in all nutrients, except cholesterol (p = 0.086) and fluorine (p = 0.503). These results suggest a public health problem that must be addressed through nutrition education programs to increase intake of calcium-rich food and to correct the associated dietary pattern.

This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of growing rabbits fed diets with different levels of either Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM) leaf meals and also to compare total collection and TiO2 marker methods for estimating digestibility. A total of 30 California growing rabbits (1.81±0.19 kg live weight on average) were randomly distributed into five experimental groups of six rabbits each and were housed in individual cages. The groups were control, 30% LLM, 40% LLM, 30% MOLM, and 40% MOLM. All groups received pelleted diets for two weeks; diets also contained 4 g/kg titanium dioxide as dietary marker. Daily feed intake was recorded during the whole experimental period and total feces were collected daily and weighed individually during four days. The results showed that there were no difference (p>0.05) in feed, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), digestible energy, and crude fiber (CF) intake between the control group and the other experimental groups. The apparent digestibility values of DM, OM, CP, CF, acid detergent fiber, and gross energy were the highest for control group (p = 0.001), meanwhile MOLM diets had generally higher nutrient digestibility coefficients than LLM diets. Increasing the inclusion level of leaf meal in the diet from 30% to 40% improved the digestibility of CF from 45.02% to 51.69% for LLM and from 48.11% to 55.89% for MOLM. Similar results for apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were obtained when either total collection or indigestible marker method was used. In conclusion, the digestibility of MOLM containing diets were better than LLM diets, furthermore TiO2 as an external marker could be used as a simple, practical and reliable method to estimate nutrients digestibility in rabbit diets.

Objectives To study calorie and nutrients intake in a group of patients diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) under treatment with extended-release methylphenidate (MPH-ER), and to analyse the need to design nutrition intervention strategies. Design Observational (case-control). Setting Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain. Participants A total of 100 patients diagnosed with ADHD under treatment with MPH-ER and 100 healthy children (control group). Main outcome measures A nutrition survey was carried out (food intake registration of 3 consecutive school days). Calorie and nutrient intake, as well as nutrition status, were evaluated and compared in both groups. Results Nutritional status in ADHD group was significantly lower ( p Conclusions The daily calorie and nutrients intake in patients under treatment with MPH-ER is, generally, lower than in healthy population of similar age. The need to impart programmes of nutrition education simultaneously with multimodal treatment in order to avoid the nutrition consequences of treatment with MPH should be considered.

Alimentos concentrados podem ser utilizados para aumentar a produção de leite, em fazendas leiteiras. No entanto, o custo com alimentação aumenta, quando concentrados são utilizados, e, algumas vezes, os produtores perdem competitividade, se as vacas não produzirem o que é esperado com a suplementação. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o consumo de nutrientes, produção e composição de leite e mudança no peso corporal de vacas leiteiras recebendo silagem de sorgo sem ou com suplementação com concentrados. Nove vacas cruzadas (Holandês-Gir) foram alocadas em três quadrados latinos balanceados e alimentadas com silagem de sorgo suplementada com minerais (0,2 kg) ou com 2,6 kg (38,5% de proteína bruta) ou 5,0 kg (20% de proteína bruta) de concentrado por dia, com vistas a suprir a mesma quantidade de proteína bruta (1,0 kg dia-1). O consumo de matéria seca e a produção de leite foram maiores para as vacas alimentadas com concentrado, independentemente do nível de proteína. A resposta produtiva (kg de leite por kg de concentrado) foi de 1,67 e 0,83, para o baixo e alto nível de suplementação, respectivamente. Vacas que receberam somente minerais perderam peso, enquanto aquelas que consumiram concentrados ganharam peso. Vacas que produziram 13,0 kg de leite dia-1 apresentaram maior aumento na produção quando alimentadas com suplemento contendo altos teores de proteína e mistura mineral. A resposta na produção de leite por kg de concentrado foi maior, quando menor quantidade de concentrado com altos níveis de proteína e minerais foi utilizada, permitindo redução nos custos de produção. Concentrated feed can be used to increase the milk yield in dairy farms. However, the feeding cost increases when concentrates are used and, sometimes, farmers lose competitiveness, if the cows do not produce what is expected with supplementation. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the nutrients intake, milk yield and composition and live weight change of dairy cows fed with sorghum silage alone or supplemented with concentrates. Nine crossbred cows (Holstein-Gyr) were allocated in three balanced Latin squares and fed with sorghum silage supplemented with minerals (0.2 kg) or with 2.6 kg (38.5% of crude protein) or 5.0 kg (20% of crude protein) of concentrate per day, aiming at supplying the same amount of crude protein (1.0 kg day-1). The dry matter intake and milk yield were higher for the cows fed with concentrate, independently of its protein level. The productive response (in kg of milk per kg of concentrate) was 1.67 and 0.83, respectively for the low and high supplemental levels. The cows that received only minerals lost weight, while those fed with concentrate gained weight. The cows which produced 13.0 kg of milk day-1 showed a higher increase in milk yield when fed with supplements containing high protein and mineral contents. The response for milk production per kg of concentrate was higher when lower amounts of concentrate with high protein and mineral levels were used, allowing a reduction in the production costs.

Background and aim: Diet seems to play a trigger role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms generation. However population based surveys evaluating dietary habits and nutrients intake in IBS patients are scanty. Aim of our study was to compare nutrients consumption between uninvestigated IBS and controls subjects. Material and methods: We selected 95 subjects (39 males, median age 33) with IBS symptoms (Rome III Criteria; IBS-diarrhea: 60; IBS-constipation: 35) and 147 controls subjects (66 males, median age 27). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. All subjects were invited to complete a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and nutritional analysis was performed by Winfood Software. Data (mean ± SD) were compared by unpaired T-test. Results: IBS subjects were significantly overweight than controls (BMI 26.2±3.4 kg/m 2 vs 24.7±3.6 kg/m2; p

This study consisted of two trials aimed to evaluate the dietary digestibility by Rhode Island Red (RIR) hens' fed on different levels of Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM). In each experiment, thirty six Rhode Island Red hens at 36 weeks of age were randomly divided into four groups each of nine birds which were allocated in individual cages. The four groups were corresponded to four dietary treatments containing 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 % of LLM (Exp 1) or MOLM (Exp 2). All groups received smashed diets containing similar metabolizable energy and crude protein (16% CP and 2900 kcal ME/kg diet, as fed basis). The hens were fed the experimental diets for six weeks and during the last four days, feed intake was individually recorded every day and excreta was totally collected twice daily and weighed individually. Considerable amounts of CP were found in LLM (23.61% DM) and MOLM (19.76% DM). The dietary treatments had no significant effect on the intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) or neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in both experiments, while the acid detergent fibers (ADF) consumption increased linearly (P

This study consisted of two experiments aimed to evaluate the dietary digestibility by Rhode Island Red (RIR) hens fed different levels of Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM). In each experiment, four groups each of nine birds were assigned to four dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 10 and 15 % of LLM (Exp 1) or MOLM (Exp 2). All groups received smashed diets, containing similar metabolizable energy and crude protein for six weeks and during the last four days, feed intake was recorded daily and excreta was totally collected twice a day and weighed individually. The dietary treatments had no significant effects on the intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) or neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in both experiments, while the acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake increased linearly with the increase of LLM and MOLM levels. The apparent digestibility of DM, CP, ADF, and OM decreased linearly with the increase of LLM and MOLM levels. The apparent digestibility of gross energy decreased linearly in LLM experiment, while it was not affected in MOLM experiment. LLM and MOLM could be recommended for RIR hens between 5 and 10% of the diet.

Las tablas y bases de datos de composición de alimentos (TCA/BDCA) son herramientas de valoración dietética. Objetivo: identificar las diferentes TCA empleadas como instrumento para estimar ingesta de nutrientes en Ecuador. La recogida de información se realizó a través de informadores-clave, cuestionarios auto-administrados, complementadas con búsquedas webs institucionales. A las TCA/BDCA identificadas se realizó análisis de contenido sobre variables generales y metodológicas. TCA referidas: Ecuatoriana-1965 (70%), INCAP (60%), México (60%). Se reportaron 7 TCA y 3 BDCA, 8 Latinoamericanas y 2 Españolas. Una TCA elaborada por método-directo (ecuatoriana), 7 por método-indirecto, 2 sin-información. 6 TCA/BDCA definieron nutrientes, 9 refirieron valores (100g/ porción-comestible). Para realizar una correcta estimacion de ingesta, es necesario contar con una TCA ecuatoriana actualizada. Ecuatoriana-1965 presenta pocos alimentos analizados y, métodos analíticos no-actualizados. Las autoras aconsejan el uso de TCA-INCAP, dado que la lista de alimentos refleja similitud con alimentos ecuatorianos. Además INCAP dispone BDCA para incorporar recetas. Tables and food composition databases (FCT/FCDB) are tools used for dietetic evaluation. Objective: to identify different FCT used as an instrument to estimate the nutrient intake in Ecuador. The collection of data was made through key informants -self completed questionnaires-, supplemented with institutional web research. An analysis of content was performed to the identified FCT/FCDB by general and methodological variables. Referenced tables were: Ecuadorian-1965 (70%), INCAP (60%), México (60%). 7 FCT and 3 FCDB were reported, 8 from Latin America and 2 from Spain. One table was constructed by direct method (Ecuadorian-table), 7 by indirect, and 1 had no Information. 6 FCT/FCDB defined the nutrients, 9 expressed values per (100g/ edible portion). In order to asses a proper ingest in Ecuador, it is necessary to have an updated ecuadorian FCT, Ecuadorian-1965 shows few analyzed foods and, not updated analytic techniques. The authors recommend the usage of FCT-INCAP, due to its food list reflects similarities with ecuadorian foods. In addition, INCAP disposes of a FCDB in which ecuadorian recipes can be included.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de hipovitaminose A em pré-escolares de creches públicas da cidade do Recife, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, envolvendo 311 crianças menores de cinco anos, de ambos os sexos, aleatoriamente selecionadas, e avaliadas pelos indicadores bioquímico (retinol sérico), dietético (inquérito de consumo alimentar) e antropométrico (peso/idade, altura/idade e peso/altura). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de níveis de retinol sérico baixos (0,05). O consumo dietético de vitamina A mostrou sensibilidade reduzida (43,0%) e baixíssimo valor preditivo positivo (6,8%) no diagnóstico da hiporretinolemia. CONCLUSÃO: A identificação de grupos populacionais vulneráveis, bem como a seleção de indicadores fidedignos do estado nutricional de vitamina A, são elementos essenciais para o diagnóstico e o planejamento de ações visando à prevenção e ao controle dessa carência nutricional específica. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the extent of vitamin A deficiency among preschool children attending public day care centres in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey involving 311 under 5-year-old children of both sexes, randomly selected, and assessed by biochemical (serum retinol), dietetic (vitamin A rich-food consumption) and anthropometric indicators (weight-for-height, weight-for-age and height-for-age). RESULTS: The prevalence of hyporetinolemia (serum retinol 0.05). Vitamin A rich-food intake showed low sensitivity (43.0%) and a very low positive predictive value (6.8%) as a screening diagnostic test for vitamin A deficiency. CONCLUSION: The identification of vulnerable population groups, and the selection of reliable indicators for the assessment of vitamin A status, are both essential for the diagnosis and planning aimed at preventing and controlling vitamin A deficiency.

Background : Nutrient intakes may influence nutritional status of patients during health care. It was reported that nutritional status of 75% of hospitalized patients declined during hospitalization.Objective: The objectives of this study was to assess factors that may influence malnutrition among adult patients in hospital.Methods: This study was done using a nested case control study design. Subjects were inpatients of internal and neurology departments of Sanglah, Sardjito and M. Jamil hospitals. They were all given oral feeding, inconsciousness condition, cooperative, and non-ascites. Data on food consumption were obtained using comstock methods, while nutritional status were measured using Subjective Global Assessment.Results: Low energy intake, length of stay, infection, and special diet were all associated with a higher risk of hospital malnutrition. Patients with low energy intakes were 2.4 (OR=2.4, 95%CI= 1.17-4.92) times more likely to be malnourished than those with sufficient energy intakes. Patients with length of stay >= 7 days were 8 (OR=8.15, 95% CI =1.87-35.51) times more likely to be malnourished than those with length of stay < 7 days. Patients with infectious diseases were 3 (OR= 0.33, 95% CI= 0.17-0.64) times less likely to be malnourished than those with non infectious diseases. Lastly, patients with special diet were 2 (OR=1.96, 95% CI= 1.05-3.68) times more likely to be malnourished than those without special diet.Conclusions: Low energy intake, length of stay, non infectious diseases, and special diet are risk factors of malnutrition in adult hospitalized patients.

Objetivos: El objeto de este trabajo ha sido analizar si la edad de la madre al nacimiento del niño, puede condicionar el consumo de alimentos y la ingesta de energía y nutrientes, así como la adecuación de la dieta, de sus hijos en edad preescolar. Material y métodos: Se han recogido datos socioeconómicos, antropométricos y dietéticos, de un colectivo de 103 preescolares de Madrid, y se ha dividido a la población en función de que la madre fuera = 26 años (Percentil 25) o menor de 26 años en el momento de nacer su hijo. Resultados: Un 25,2% de las madres de los preescolares estudiados, tuvieron a su hijo antes de los 26 años de edad y un 6,8% antes de los 18. Los niños de madres más jóvenes consumen menos azúcares (p < 0,01) y bebidas sin alcohol (p < 0,05), pero también menos frutas (p < 0,01), y más varios (p < 0,05). La energía aportada por las grasas fue inferior (p < 0,05) y la de hidratos de carbono superior (p < 0,05), en los niños de madres más mayores. Además, el perfil lipídico también fue más adecuado en estos niños, con un menor aporte calórico por parte de las grasas poliinsaturadas (p < 0,05). Igualmente, la ingesta de fibra (p < 0,05) y de vitamina C (p < 0,001) fue superior en los hijos de madres de mayor edad. Conclusiones: Parece que la edad de la madre supone una influencia sobre los hábitos alimentarios y la dieta de sus hijos, pudiendo resultar un factor de protección frente a la inadecuación dietética en el niño, por lo que las madres más jóvenes quizás puedan requerir un asesoramiento especial en este sentido. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse whether the mother's age at the offspring's birth may condition food consumption and energy and nutrients intake as well as the appropriateness of the diet of their offspring at pre-school age. Materials and methods: socio-economic, anthropometrical, and dietary data were collected from a group of 103 pre-school children from Madrid, and the population was divided according to the mother's age (= 26 years (percentile 25) or < 26 years) at birth. Results: Twenty-two point five of the mothers of the preschool children studied had their offspring before 26 years of age and 6.8% before 18. Children from younger mothers consumed less sugars (p < 0.01) and alcohol-free beverages (p < 0.05), but also less fruits (p < 0.01) and others (p < 0.05). The energy from fats was lower (p < 0.05) and that from carbohydrates higher (p < 0.05) among children with older mothers. Besides, the lipid profile was also better in this children, with less caloric intake from polyunsaturated fats (p < 0.05). Besides, fibre (p < 0.05) and vitamin C (p < 0.001) intake was higher in children from older mothers. Conclusions: It seems that mother's age may have an influence on dietary habits of their children and be a protection factor against dietary inappropriateness of the offspring, so that younger mothers might need special counselling in this respect.