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Dans les années 1970, de nombreuses bibliothèques désherbent leurs journaux au profit de microfilms : le collectionneur Bill Blackbeard fonde sa collection sur ces opérations de récupération et ouvre une institution publique dédiée aux bandes dessinées de journaux. Ces archives servent à de nombreuses rééditions et recirculations, partage d’une mémoire culturelle pour une forme médiatique particulièrement éphémère. En se penchant à la fois sur la constitution et la circulation de ces archives, cet article étudie les phénomènes de résurgence mémorielle dans la bande dessinée américaine, saisis à travers différentes générations et par des acteurs variés, traçant les contours matériels d’une histoire vernaculaire de la bande dessinée. In the 1970s, many libraries discard the physical copies of their newspapers after microfilming: the collector Bill Blackbeard assembled his archives by recuperating these undesirables, and opening a public institution dedicated to newspaper comics. This archive served as the basis for many reprints and new circulations, building a cultural memory for a particularly ephemeral medium. By turning to both the constitution and circulation of these archives, this article studies this cultural memory of American newspaper comics, as it involved various generations and actors, delineating the material properties of a vernacular history of comics.

[ES] El presente trabajo de fin de grado se enmarca en el contexto de un proyecto de comunicación en el que la Universitat Politècnica de València se encuentra colaborando con los centros de salud de la Zona Básica de Salud nº14 de la Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública. Este trabajo consiste en el desarrollo de la dirección de fotografía de cinco micrometrajes para la visibilizacion de la atencion primaria en el Zona Básica de Salud perteneciente al departamento de salud de Xátiva-Ontinyent. En la memoria redactada a continuación se desarollará el proceso que se ha seguido para la realización de estos videos. De esta forma se explicará la preproducción y postproducción del proyecto de manera mas general y se centrará en la dirección de foto durante la producción. También se explicará todo el material utilizado, así como las referencias audiovisuales y toda la parte técnica que presenta la dirección de fotografía., [EN] This end-of-degree project is part of the context of a communication project in which the Polytechnic University of Valencia is collaborating with the health centers of the Basic Health Zone No. 14 of the Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública. This work consists of the development of the direction of photography of five microfilms for the visibility of primary care in the Basic Health Zone belonging to the Xátiva-Ontinyent health department. In the memory written below, the process that has been followed to make these videos will be developed. In this way, the pre-production and post-production of the project will be explained in a more general way and will focus on photo direction during production. All the material used will also be explained, as well as the audiovisual references and all the technical part presented by the direction of photography.

HR-DAPA-862, Zbirka preslika gradiva iz inozemnih arhiva i ustanova formirana je u Državnom arhivu u Pazinu. Gradivo zbirke čine preslici arhivskoga gradiva iz arhiva i ustanova iz inozemstva: Državnoga arhiva u Trstu, Arhiva Republike Slovenije, Austrijskoga državnog arhiva, Nacionalnoga arhiva Francuske, Diplomatičkoga arhiva Gradske knjižnice „Atilio Hortis“ u Trstu, Knjižnice talijanskoga parlamenta „Giovanni Spadolini“ u Rimu, Knjižnice Muzeja Correr u Veneciji, Knjižnice prizivnoga suda u Trstu, Nacionalne knjižnice Svetoga Marka u Veneciji, Biskupijskoga arhiva u Trstu, Tajnoga vatikanskog arhiva, Arhiva bečkoga sveučilišta, Biskupijskoga arhiva u Beču, Katoličkoga bogoslovnog fakulteta bečkoga sveučilišta, Sveučilišne knjižnice Maribor, Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice Ljubljana, Literalnog arhiva spomenika narodne pismenosti u Pragu, Povijesnoga arhiva Njemačko-mađarskoga papinskog učilišta te muzeja Châtillonnais. Gradivo zbirke odnosi se na Miscellaneu diplomaticu biskupovoga ureda u Vrsaru, na Franciskanski katastar Istre, na Geografske karte Austrijskoga primorja, Glavnoga intendanta Ilirskih provincija, na Zemaljsko glavarstvo za Kranjsku, Vicedomski ured za Kranjsku, na Reprezentaciju i komoru za Kranjsku, Zemaljske staleže za Kranjsku, Intendanta za Istru, Intendanta Rijeke, na Zbirku karata i zemljovida, Zbirku spisa iz francuske uprave, na Opću seriju isprava, Diplomaciju i vanjsku politiku, na Vanjske poslove Rovinj, Hidrografsku službu mornarice, na istarske statute, na gradivo o biskupu Jurju Dobrili i biskupu Ignaciju Kajetanu te na karte i planove Ilirskih provincija. Iako je gradivo preuzimano u više navrata prije 2004. godine, zbirka dotad nije bila evidentirana u temeljnim evidencijama o arhivskom gradivu, a gradivo je bilo razdvojeno u više arhivskih fondova/zbirki. Objedinjeno je tek 2005. godine za potrebe objedinjavanja podataka u Pregledu arhivskih fondova i zbirki Republike Hrvatske koji je bio objavljen 2006. godine. Jedini su izvor podataka o gradivu bili popisi mikrofilmova koji su izrađeni u tadašnjem Laboratoriju za mikrofilmiranje Državnoga arhiva u Pazinu. Godine 2006. izrađen je arhivski popis za sadašnju podseriju Franciskanski katastar Istre za potrebe korištenja u čitaonici i rješavanja zahtjeva stranaka. Godine 2011. izrađen je sumarno-analitički inventar koji je obuhvaćao samo preslike preuzete zaključno s 2007. godinom. Kako su se u međuvremenu i dalje prikupljali preslici, 2022. godine pristupilo se reviziji i sveobuhvatnom popisivanju i sređivanju svih preslika preuzetih iz inozemnih arhiva i ustanova zaključno s 2021. godinom. Gradivo zbirke višerazinski je opisano, izrađen je arhivistički popis te je izrađen i dovršen sumarni inventar zbirke.

This article investigates the modern history of genealogy through the lens of keyword indexes – an essential resource for access to genealogical information. Empirically, the article studies the role of indexes in Euro-American genealogy from the nineteenth century to today. Particular attention is paid to the 1960s–2010s, when genealogy changed through growing popular engagement, new technologies, rising and falling academic interest, and increased commercialisation. Focusing on a set of grassroots cases from Sweden that have been crucial to the subfield of Swedish-American genealogy, the article explores the work of local Swedish heritage societies and the dream of empirical ‘totality’; the cooperation between heritage societies and academic historians; the impact of microfilm and digital technologies in creating a sense of information overload; the economy of unpaid volunteer and state-subsidised labour; and how paper-based indexes, created largely through grassroots initiatives, have been transformed into digital commodities on an international genealogical market. While this is an important enquiry for understanding the history of genealogy – one of the most widespread popular pursuits in modern history – it also addresses the intricate relations between grassroots initiatives, academic research, and capitalism in modern archive history.

National audience; Cette présentation retrace la chaine de dématérialisation de RetroNews, le site de presse de la Bibliothèque nationale de France couvrant du 17ème au 20ème siècle : 2000 périodiques, soient 18 millions de pages. Elle détaille les étapes de numérisation des microfilms, l’océrisation, l’enrichissement sémantique et l’identification thématique jusqu’au produit final, exploitable sur le site. Outre ses modalités avancées de l’accès aux archives (notamment via un lecteur en mode feuilletage), son vaste jeu de métadonnées permet aux chercheurs et spécialistes de sujets spécifiques de constituer et analyser des corpus mis à disposition par RetroNews. Cette présentations fourni les repères nécessaires pour une exploitation avertie de la presse historique.

Luis Sánchez Belda has been one of the most important and influential archivists in the profession in recent times. Arriving very soon at the National Historical Archive, in 1946, he developed an important and continuous work in this center until his death in 1984, whose address he held since 1955. The years 1968-1977 supposed a parenthesis when he was appointed Director General of Archives and Libraries, among whose main achievements we must highlight the creation of the General Archive of the Administration in Alcalá de Henares (1969). His contributions to archival science were remarkable, drawing attention to the developments that were taking place outside our borders, especially in the fields of preservation and restoration of documents, archive buildings, microfilm and archival bibliography. Luis Sánchez Belda ha sido uno de los archiveros más importantes e influyentes en la profesión en tiempos recientes. Llegado muy pronto al Archivo Histórico Nacional, en 1946, desarrolló en este centro una importante y continuada labor hasta su fallecimiento en 1984, cuya dirección ostentó desde 1955. Los años 1968-1977 supusieron un paréntesis al ser nombrado Director General de Archivos y Bibliotecas, entre cuyos principales logros hay que destacar la creación del Archivo General de la Administración en Alcalá de Henares (1969). Sus aportaciones a la archivística fueron notables, llamando la atención sobre las novedades que se estaban produciendo fuera de nuestras fronteras, especialmente en los campos de la conservación y restauración de documentos, edificios de archivos, microfilm y bibliografía archivística.

Comment cataloguer un manuscrit arabe sous forme de microfilm ? À partir d’une enquête menée dans deux centres de collecte de microfilms de manuscrits, cet article examine le geste de cataloguer, la constitution d’une notice comme mode de construction de portraits irréductibles les uns aux autres. À l’ère de la standardisation et de l’interopérabilité des catalogues, il s’agit ici de comprendre comment les catalogages in situ d’un objet à la matérialité propre proposent, à rebours des rêves de maîtrise complète, de collection totale et universelle de l’ensemble des manuscrits existants, des formulations et des configurations chaque fois singulières entre le texte, la collection et le corpus de ce qui est défini comme le « patrimoine manuscrit arabe et islamique ». How are microfilmed copies of manuscripts catalogued? Based on a inquiry in two manuscripts centers collecting and cataloguing microfilms, this article considers the gesture of cataloguing and the production of catalogues entries as a way of constructing exclusive and unique portraits of manuscripts. In an era of standardization and interoperability of catalogues, the aim is to understand how cataloguing an object bestowed with a specific materiality provides a unique configuration between the text, the collection, and the corpus of what is defined as “Arab and Islamic manuscript heritage”, a process that goes against the dreams of a complete control over, and a total and universal collection of, all existing manuscripts. ¿Cómo catalogar un manuscrito árabe en forma de microfilm? A partir de una investigación llevada a cabo en dos centros de recolección de microfilms de manuscritos, este artículo examina el gesto de catalogar, la constitución de una reseña como modo de construcción de retratos irreducibles mutuamente. En la era de la estandarización y de la interoperabilidad de los catálogos, se trata en este artículo de comprender cómo los catálogos de un objeto de materialidad propia proponen, a contrapié de las ilusiones de un dominio completo, de una recolección total y universal del conjunto de manuscritos existentes, formulaciones y configuraciones singulares entre el texto, la colección y el corpus de lo que es definido como el «patrimonio manuscrito árabe islámico».

Analysis of the preservation strategies in the microfilm documentation of the Academic Register and Indicators Center (CIAC), located in the Federal University of Pará, discussing the importance of preservation to guarantee the access to information and making possible improvements in this microfilm collection. This research made a bibliographic survey and, based on a case study, the application of interviews and questionnaires to the employees that deal with the documentation in CIAC. The research made a study about the history, characteristics and the preservation practices on microfilms, and the strategies of preservation of microfilms in the CIAC documentation. The research perceived that the CIAC presents some fragilities of handling this material, with solutions suggested for these problems. Análise das técnicas de preservação dos microfilmes no acervo do Centro de Registro e Indicadores Acadêmicos (CIAC) na Universidade Federal do Pará, discorrendo da importância desta para a garantia do acesso à informação, e possibilitando a apresentação de melhorias para o acervo microfilmado. Para a elaboração desta pesquisa, foi feito levantamento bibliográfico de artigos, livros e manuais e, a partir de estudo de caso, a aplicação de entrevistas e questionários aos funcionários que manuseiam o acervo no CIAC. A pesquisa realizou estudo sobre o histórico e características da microfilmagem, dos métodos e práticas de preservação dos microfilmes, e da situação do acervo microfilmado no CIAC. A pesquisa, observando a as práticas de preservação no local, percebeu que o CIAC apresenta algumas fragilidades de acondicionamento e manuseio desse material, onde foram sugeridas soluções para essas questões.

Este trabalho visa analisar o processo de microfilmagem de documentos e sua aplicabilidade no Setor de Microfilmagem da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Para tanto, se propõe a identificar as diferenças e semelhanças existentes entre a teoria e as práticas exigidas no processo de microfilmagem. Esta pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa, e o procedimento investigativo utilizado é o “estudo de caso”. Com ele, procura-se elucidar o intrincado mosaico existente em situações cotidianas complexas e, nesse intento, utiliza-se, como passos metodológicos constitutivos da pesquisa, experimentos e/ou levantamento de dados. Por meio da aplicação do questionário ficou evidente a necessidade de um Termo de Eliminação e, também, de um Sistema de Arquivo. Nesta pesquisa foram apresentados os procedimentos adotados durante o processo de microfilmagem, desde a seleção dos documentos a serem microfilmados até o armazenamento, destacando-se também a comparação entre o sistema híbrido e a microfilmagem expondo a legalidade dos dois sistemas, suas vantagens e desvantagens. Conclui-se, contudo, que é mister a implantação de um Sistema de Arquivos como condição de viabilidade para o gerenciamento total dos arquivos em todos os seus suportes.

Sodium Alginate (SA) is an excellent carrier in various drug delivery systems. In this study, SA was synthesized from brown seaweed, Turbinaria conoides with a yield of 31.3 ± 0.86%. The analysis of physicochemical properties of extracted alginate (ALG) determined its purity. The structural confirmations of ALG were studied through FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. Formulation of ALG with collagen (COL) as a wound healing microfilm showed potential anti-inflammatory properties (81.3 ± 1.77%) and sustained drug release. Likewise, the ALG microbead encapsulated with an anticancer drug, Tamoxifen indicated an in vitro sustained release in the range of 62 ± 0.70% - 91 ± 0.56%. The overall swelling behavior of both the hydrogels, microfilm and microbead provides new opportunities for development of natural ALG in this therapeutic era., Materials science; Materials chemistry; Biomedical engineering; Pharmaceutical science; Biotechnology; Hydrogel; Microfilm; Microbead; Wound healing; Drug delivery; Sustained release

The objective of the present study was to describe clinical signs and histopathology of the conjunctiva after subconjunctival implantation with poly-lactic acid microfilm (PLA-M) and cyclosporine-containing PLA microfilm (CsPLA-M) in seven healthy dogs. A randomized, double-blind implantation of a PLA-M and CsPLA-M was performed in each eye. Ocular clinical signs and Schirmer tear test (STT) levels were determined on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 after implantation. All implanted eyes had conjunctival hyperemia after implantation which eventually resolved within 90 days. Histopathological examination of conjunctival biopsy showed mild inflammatory cell infiltration. There was no significant statistical difference of conjunctival hyperemia scores, STT values or histopathological scores between the two groups. All devices remained under subconjunctiva at 90 days after implantation. These results suggested that the device was safe and well tolerated for subconjunctival implantation in dogs.

Millions of publications—not to mention spy documents—can be read on microfilm machines. But people still see these devices as outmoded and unappealing. An Object Lesson.

2014年度の田嶋記念大学図書館振興財団の助成を受け，「新中央図書館への移転に向けてのマイクロ資料保全対策事業」を実施した．本稿では，所蔵マイクロ資料の調査から，マイクロ資料保全対策の策定・実施内容について報告する．

This thesis explores the cultural history of microfilm and microphotography during the period 1900–1970, thus contributing to the broader field of research on the history of 20th century information management in the era before digital technology. The aim is to study how microfilm repeatedly, in various contexts and over time, was described and perceived as a new medium. To this end the book examines and analyses the plans, dreams and visionary prognostics put forth by various historical actors with an interest in microfilm – using case studies situated at different junctures and periods (1904–1910, 1937, 1940–1952, 1950–1970), while also ranging geographically from the United States to Europe and Sweden. From a theoretical and methodological point of view the thesis seeks to understand the historical formation of microfilm by developing the notions of configuration and reconfiguration, employing a perspective which emphasizes the continuous ontological interplay and interdependence of materiality and discourse in the formation of media. Thus, at the empirical level, the analysis takes into account realized technological materialities as well as unrealized imaginary articulations, dreams and expectations integral to the configuration of microfilm within a broader culture of paperwork. As a result of this approach the study draws on scientific texts and articles in journals, as well as newspaper reports, commercial messages, ads, handbooks and various archival documents. The analysis reveals a close relationship between microfilm and experiences of entropy connected to information systems based on paper and paperwork. It is argued that, within the dreams and plans that are studied, the most important function of microfilm was to regulate noise, decay and disorder associated with the materiality of paper – through ordering, operating on and modifying the capacities of paper media. It is also noted that microfilm was perceived and articulated as a new medium over a long period of time, even though very little changed at the technological level. From a historiographical point of view, it is thus argued, microfilm can be characterized as a simultaneously continuous and discontinuous phenomenon, taking part in a history that unfolded through repetitions, returns and non-linear steps rather than along an uninterrupted, linear path.

中央図書館が所蔵するマイクロ資料について，形態，状態，包材等の面から多角的に調査を行った．その結果，マイクロ資料に一定の劣化が存在することが確認できた．特に遊離酸度に関する調査については劣化度に関して定量的な情報を把握することができた．本調査結果をもとに，当館のマイクロ資料の今後の取扱いについて考察を行った．

The redox properties of lutetium bis(tetra-tert-butylphthalocyaninato) (LBPC) have been studied in nitrobenzene that is deposited as a microfilm on the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrodes. The behavior of the modified electrode, which is immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution, is typical for the three-phase electrode (Scholz, F.; Komorsky-Lovrić, S.; Lovrić, M. Electrochem. Comm. 2000, 2, 112-118). LBPC can be both oxidized and reduced in one electron reversible processes. The oxidation and the reduction of LBPC at the graphite/nitrobenzene interface is accompanied by the transfer of anion or cation, respectively, from the aqueous phase into the organic layer. Thus, using LBPC as a redox probe for the three-phase electrode, the transfer of both anions and cations across the water/nitrobenzene interface can be studied in a single experiment. The hydrophobicity of LBPC is so high that it enables inspection of cations and anions with Delta (nb)(w) (G)(theta)(Cat+)or = 43 kJ/mol and Delta (nb)(w) (G)(theta)(X-)or = 50 kJ/mol, respectively. The direct transfer of Na(+) and Li(+) from water to nitrobenzene, mutually saturated, is achieved for the first time at a macroscopic water/nitrobenzene interface.

A storage study of orange juice packed in oxygen scavenging (OS) film and oxygen barrier film was conducted to determine the extent of ascorbic acid loss due to oxygen as a function of time and temperature. The initial concentration of ascorbic acid in the orange juice was 374 mg/l and this was found to decrease by 74 and 104 mg/l after 3 days of storage at 25°C in the OS and oxygen barrier film, respectively. This rapid loss in ascorbic acid correlated well with the amount of oxygen initially present in the headspace and that dissolved in the juice. The loss of ascorbic acid also correlated with an increase in the browning of the juice, where the extent of browning was found to be lower for the juice packed in the OS film than that packed in the oxygen barrier material. The rapid removal of oxygen was found to be an important factor in sustaining a higher concentration of ascorbic acid over long storage times. Crown Copyright © 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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The microstructure of a contact line formed by a liquid and its pure vapor on a perfectly-wetted superheated smooth substrate, with the disjoining pressure most often in the form of a positive inverse cubic law (non-polar case), is routinely considered to end up in a microfilm extended over adjacent "dry" parts of the solid surface. Invoking the spreading coefficient as an additional independent parameter within this framework, we argue however that a regime with a truncated microfilm is chosen instead if the spreading coefficient is decreased below a positive (still perfect wetting) critical value dependent upon the superheat, in which case the extended-microfilm thickness is surpassed by that of the "pancake" introduced by de Gennes and coworkers. Conversely, for a given positive spreading coefficient, there is a critical superheat above which the microfilm gets truncated, whereas for a negative one (partial wetting) the truncated regime should be preferred at any superheat. A parametric study of the apparent contact angle (a nonlinear eigenvalue of the steady microstructure problem) versus the spreading coefficient is carried out. When the latter is negative, Young's law is asymptotically recovered. Microfilm fronts are shown to be advancing or receding in accordance with the selected regime. A slightly more general class of disjoining pressures is also touched upon. The analysis is based in part upon thermodynamic considerations, and in part upon a standard one-sided model of an evaporating liquid layer in the lubrication approximation., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Amaç: Bölgemizde uzun yıllardır asbest kullanıldığı bilinen bir köyde erişkin yaş popülasyonunda asbest maruziyetinin akciğer sağlığı üzerindeki uzun süreli etkilerini incelemek, akciğer grafisi ve solunum fonksiyon testleri üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak, bu köyde yaşayanların asbest hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve metod: Armutova köyüne tarama ekibi ile gidilerek 18 yaş üstü bireyler çalışmaya alındı. Katılımcıların mikrofilmleri çekildi ve spirometrik ölçümleri yapıldı. Asbest, sigara içme ve biyomas maruziyet durumlarına göre çalışma grupları oluşturuldu. Bulgular: Toplam 100 kişi değerlendirildi. Hastaların 40’ı erkek, 60’ı kadındı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 44,67±15,69 yıl, ortalama asbest maruziyeti 36,85±17,70 yıl, sigara içme miktarı 29,70±30,10 paket/yıl, biyomas maruziyeti süresi 33,61±60,29 saat-yıl idi. 30 kişide sigara öyküsü, 40 kişide biyomas maruziyeti vardı. Katılımcıların %79’u asbestin zararlı olduğunu, %69’u sigaranın zararlı olduğunu biliyordu. Mikrofilmde %27 plevral plak, %5 asbestozis, %2 plevral sıvı tespit edildi. Spirometride %53 normal, %31 restriktif, %16 obstrüktif patern tespit edildi. Sadece asbest maruziyeti olanlarda %53,3 normal, %33,3 restriktif ve %13,3 obstrüktif patern tespit edildi. Sonuç: Asbest yasaklandığı halde köyde asbest kullanımı devam etmekteydi ve köylülerin asbest bilgi düzeyi düşüktü. Mikrofilmde en sık plevral plak tespit edildi. Asbest maruziyetinin süresi arttıkça FEV1 ve FVC değerlerinin azaldığı görüldü. Sadece asbest maruziyeti olanlarda bile spirometride %13,3 obstrüksiyon tespit edildi. Biyomas ve sigaranın obstrüksiyona katkı sağladığı görüldü. Anahtar kelimeler: Çevresel asbest maruziyeti, spirometri, mikrofilm Aim: The use of asbestos in our region is known for many years in a village population of adult age to examine long-term effects on lung health of exposure to asbestos , and pulmonary function tests, chest X-ray study on the effects of, the inhabitants of this village was to determine the level of knowledge about asbestos. Material and method: Screening team by going to the village of Armotuva with individuals 18 years and older were included to study. Microfilms of the participants were recorded and spirometric measurements were taken. Asbestos, smoking and according to their exposure to biomass working groups were formed Results: Evaluated a total of 100 people. Patients were 40 male and 60 female. The mean age of patients, 44,67±15,69 years, the mean of asbestos exposure 36,85±17,70 years, , the amount of smoking, 29,70±30,10 packs / year, duration of exposure to biomass 33,61±60,29 hours years. There were smoking history of 30 people, 40 people exposed to biomass. 79% of participants knew that asbestos is harmful, 69% smoking is harmful. İn microfilm was found 27% of pleural plaques, 5%, asbestosis and 2% in pleural fluid. İn spirometry was found 53% normal, 31% restrictive, 16% obstructive pattern. Only in those with asbestos exposure was found 53.3% normal, 33.3% restrictive and 13.3% obstructive pattern. Conclusion: Even though asbestos is banned in the village the use of asbestos continued and the villagers’s level of knowledge of asbestos lowed. On microfilm were found most frequently pleural plaques. FEV1 and FVC values were decreased as the duration of exposure to asbestos. Only even those with exposure to asbestos in spirometry 13.3% obstruction was found. Biomass and cigarettes shown to contribute to obstruction. Keywords: Environmental asbestos exposure, spirometre, microfilm

Objectives: Microfilm (MF) are used in community based screening for tuberculosis (TB) in Turkey. This study aimed differences in evaluation between various physi­cians. Materials and Methods: In the Mardin Prison, 253 micro­films (MFs) were obtained during periodic TB screening in January 2006. A chest disease specialist doctor, a ra­diology specialist doctor and a general practitioner doctor assessed the MFs separately. The results were classified as i) Normal, ii) Active TB disease findings, iii) and Sequel TB disease findings. Results: A total of 13 MFs were not taken into consider­ation because of technically unsatisfactory radiographs. The end results were as follows; three physicians had agreed about diagnosis in 159 MFs (66.2%). In 81 MFs (33.8%) at least one physician had a different opinion about microfilm. The general practitioner reported 19 MFs (8%) as active TB disease findings and the radiology spe­cialist doctor reported 22 MFs (9%) as active TB disease. However, the chest diseases specialist doctor reported 26 MFs (11%) as having active TB disease findings. No significant difference was found in active TB diagnosis between three physicians (p>0.05). The frequency of se­quel TB diagnosis was higher in Chest disease specialist compared with other physicians (p, Amaç: Türkiye\'de tüberküloz (TB) için risk grupları tara­malarında standart olarak mikrofilm (MF) kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmada TB taramasında kullanılan MF değerlendirme­sinde okuyucuya bağlı değişkenliğin tespiti amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mardin Kapalı Cezaevinde Ocak 2006 tarihinde yapılan periyodik TB taramasından elde edilen 253 MF birer göğüs hastalıkları uzmanı, radyoloji uzmanı ve pratisyen hekim tarafından birbirinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirildi. Değerlendirme sonuçları normal, aktif TB düşündürebilecek bulgular, sekel TB düşündürebilecek bulgular olarak sınıflanarak kaydedildi. Bulgular: Teknik yetersizlik nedeniyle 253 MF\'den 13\'ü değerlendirmeye alınmadı. Değerlendirmeye alınan 240 MF\'nin 159\'unda (%66.2) üç hekiminde aynı kararı ver­diği, 81\'inde (33.8) en az bir hekimin farklı karar verdiği saptandı. Aktif hastalık düşündürebilecek MF oranı pratis­yen hekimlerde %8, Radyoloji uzmanlarında %9, Göğüs hastalıkları uzmanlarında %11 olduğu saptandı. Aktif has­talık düşünme oranı açısından üç hekim grubu arasında fark saptanmadı (p>0.05). Sekel hastalık düşünme oranı göğüs hastalıkları uzmanlarında yüksekti (p< 0.05). Sonuç: Mikrofilm tarama amaçlı olarak hızlı ve ucuz bir yöntem olmasına rağmen değerlendirmede okuyucular arasında ciddi farklar oluşabileceği düşünüldü. Tüberkü­loz gibi çok farklı radyolojik bulgulara sahip bir hastalıkta tanısal amaçla sübjektif bir yöntem olan radyolojik yön­temlere ek olarak kesin tanı yöntemi olan mikrobiyolojik incelemeler gereklidir.

平成20年9月, 広島大学図書館マイクロ資料室所蔵マイクロ資料の保存状態調査を行ったところ, ビネガー・シンドロームの進行が判明した。その後, ADストリップを用いてフィルム単位の悉皆調査を実施し, 劣化レベルにしたがって処置を行った。また, 保存環境の整備にも取り組んだ。本稿は, 当館におけるマイクロ資料保存管理についての報告である。, The progressing vinegar syndrome was found on the micro-material collection of Hiroshima University Library by the library's inspection in September, 2008. The whole micro-material collection was tested with A-D Strips in order to determine the deterioration rate of each material, and the appropriate treatment was applied to each material according to the test result. Simultaneously, the environment of the micro-material collection room was improved. This is the case report of Hiroshima University Library's action for preservation of micro-material collection.

With the disjoining pressure in the form of an inverse cubic law, steady configurations of an evaporating liquid film are studied such that at one end it approaches a microfilm starting abruptly as a square root of the coordinate while getting to a constant slope at the other. The parameters are associated with the spreading coefficient in the manner of de Gennes. There exists a positive critical value of the spreading coefficient. For the values above the critical one, the microfilm turns into a semi-infinite one of constant thickness. For the values balow the critical one, a kink formed by such a microfilm recedes along the solid surface., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This article addresses the process of managing records and documents for medium and long-term retention periods. The major question that it addresses is: Is microfilm, which first came into use in the 1870’s, undergoing a rebirth some 130 years after its first application as a support media in a time of conflict? ESARBICA Journal Vol.23 2004: 106-108

A storage study of orange juice packed in oxygen scavenging (OS) film and oxygen barrier film was conducted to determine the extent of ascorbic acid loss due to oxygen as a function of time and temperature. The initial concentration of ascorbic acid in the orange juice was 374 mg/l and this was found to decrease by 74 and 104 mg/l after 3 days of storage at 25°C in the OS and oxygen barrier film, respectively. This rapid loss in ascorbic acid correlated well with the amount of oxygen initially present in the headspace and that dissolved in the juice. The loss of ascorbic acid also correlated with an increase in the browning of the juice, where the extent of browning was found to be lower for the juice packed in the OS film than that packed in the oxygen barrier material. The rapid removal of oxygen was found to be an important factor in sustaining a higher concentration of ascorbic acid over long storage times. Crown Copyright © 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

n Russia today, substantial political, economic, and social changes directly affect the preservation efforts of libraries and archives. Prepared by the Deputy Director General of the M. I. Rudomino All-Russia State Library for Foreign Literature in Moscow, this report presents a distinctly Russian perspective on the ways in which libraries and archives are attempting to adapt to widespread changes while seeking to maintain their services and introduce new technologies, all with decreasing financial resources. Russian libraries require financial support in addition to verbal support in order to put into action the plans that already exist for preserving Russia's national heritage. This report provides an insider's viewpoint of where preservation efforts stand in Russia. The report covers the following topics: (1) Background--Libraries Under the Soviet Regime, and Preservation Problems; (2) A New Political Environment and its Impact on Preservation--Library Laws for Critical Needs, and Coordinating Functions; (3) The National Preservation Program: Myth or Reality?; (4) Cooperation: National and International Aspects--First Efforts, Other Microfilm Projects, and Microfilm Storage Facilities; (5) Preservation Challenges--Raising Awareness, Management, Preservation Centers, Limitations of Digital Technology, Permanent Paper, and Training; and (6) Closing Remarks.

The aim of the OCR Index project was to investigate the feasibility of optical character recognition (OCR) in generating full text indexes for newspaper collections. The project comprised a literature survey and a controlled experiment with 35 mm microfilm frames and original newspaper pages. The test material was scanned with a microfilm scanner and a A4 size page scanner. The resulting image files were processed by OCR software to produce editable text files. The purpose was to determine, whether OCR is accurate enough for producing indexes automatically. A major problem with microfilm scanning is the relative newness of the technique. Scanners suitable for volume conversion of roll film have only recently become available and require extra accessories for handling 35 mm roll film, the commonest format used in libraries. Another problem is incompatibility of image files and OCR software, requiring special conversion programs. In the OCR Index project, text files produced by the OCR software were analysed and recognition errors grouped into main categories. These were: unrecognised, substituted, split, joined, inserted, and deleted characters. The first two appeared to be the commonest error types. The accuracy of recognition was poorer than that of ordinary office documents. This is partly due to the problematic nature of newspaper text, which has tight character spacing, and contains multiple columns and various typefaces. Information retrieval demands good accuracy, not only of character accuracy but also of words; a misspelled word will not match the search term. The amount of correct words appeared to be much lower than that of correct characters. A character accuracy below 98 per cent gives such poor word recognition that it no longer seems feasible to produce indexes from text files obtained via OCR. To improve recognition results, OCR software dedicated to newspaper text should be produced. Also, automatic spelling correction methods for text produced by OCR should be improved. Text retrieval methods that can cope with incorrect words should be developed.

The aim of the OCR Index project was to investigate the feasibility of optical character recognition (OCR) in generating full text indexes for newspaper collections. The project comprised a literature survey and a controlled experiment with 35 mm microfilm frames and original newspaper pages. The test material was scanned with a microfilm scanner and a A4 size page scanner. The resulting image files were processed by OCR software to produce editable text files. The purpose was to determine, whether OCR is accurate enough for producing indexes automatically. A major problem with microfilm scanning is the relative newness of the technique. Scanners suitable for volume conversion of roll film have only recently become available and require extra accessories for handling 35 mm roll film, the commonest format used in libraries. Another problem is incompatibility of image files and OCR software, requiring special conversion programs. In the OCR Index project, text files produced by the OCR software were analysed and recognition errors grouped into main categories. These were: unrecognised, substituted, split, joined, inserted, and deleted characters. The first two appeared to be the commonest error types. The accuracy of recognition was poorer than that of ordinary office documents. This is partly due to the problematic nature of newspaper text, which has tight character spacing, and contains multiple columns and various typefaces. Information retrieval demands good accuracy, not only of character accuracy but also of words; a misspelled word will not match the search term. The amount of correct words appeared to be much lower than that of correct characters. A character accuracy below 98 per cent gives such poor word recognition that it no longer seems feasible to produce indexes from text files obtained via OCR. To improve recognition results, OCR software dedicated to newspaper text should be produced. Also, automatic spelling correction methods for text produced by OCR should be improved. Text retrieval methods that can cope with incorrect words should be developed.

The National Standard of Canada CAN3-B78.3-M77--Building Drawings, was one of the first metric standards related to the building industry. It provided designers and builders with an important tool to assist in the change to SI. The codifying language of the standard, and its size, however, did not allow for explicit explanations of each rule established in it. In this commentary, the authors' intent is to describe the rationale behind the standard. Various basic rules on metric usage are presented in Part 1 of the commentary. Consequent rules for the preparation of working drawings are presented in Part 2. Part 3 consists of a selection of the set of drawings included in the standard which serve to illustrate the rules and practices outlined in Parts 1 and 2. Part 4 covers additional information usually included in a set of architectural working drawings but not included in the standard.