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This metasynthesis critically surveyed and evaluated the learning impacts on counselor and psychology trainees’ multicultural development and intercultural competence through participating in cultural immersion (CI), based on published qualitative research evidence. Accordingly, this metasynthesis identified and assessed the characteristics, the methodological strengths and qualities, and the thematic findings of 33 qualitative and mixed-methods CI studies resulting from exhaustive database searches. Using a directed content analysis technique, a six-domain analytical framework was applied to code and analyze the themes reported in these studies. The results point to CI intervention as a multifaceted and versatile instructional apparatus that impacted and contributed to trainees’ multicultural development and intercultural learning multidimensionally, across cognitive, perceptual-attitudinal, affective, and skills-behavioral domains. These learning outcomes include trainees’ increased cultural awareness and knowledge (cognitive), enhanced reflexivity on their worldview, positionality, and attitude (perceptual-attitudinal), heightened emotion and growth in cultural empathy (affective), adaptation and display of new behaviors and relational skills and increased multicultural competence (skills-behavioral). Therefore, CI embodies many favorable characteristics of experientially-based learning as stipulated in the existing multicultural counseling and intercultural training literature. These findings lend nuanced empirical support for the application of CI to facilitate counselor trainees’ multicultural orientation, development, and skills, and offer insights into structural facilitators for enhancing immersion training. However, a lack of structural and methodological consistency and theoretical depth among the existing CI studies were observed as major limitations. Implications and recommendations for advancing future CI and multicultural training practice and research are discussed.

RESUMO Diante da necessidade de desenvolver estudos qualitativos que possam subsidiar a tomada de decisões na área educacional e como forma de promover o desenvolvimento de pesquisas teóricas consistentes na área da Educação, este artigo apresenta a metassíntese, modalidade de revisão sistemática qualitativa que consiste em um processo complexo e delicado de integração interpretativa dos resultados de estudos qualitativos primários, alcançando um nível de compreensão teórica abrangente e profundo. O artigo descreve o conceito e as etapas para a realização de metassínteses e apresenta contribuições desenvolvidas pelas autoras no sentido de facilitar a organização e a síntese dos dados em metassínteses, colaborando para a realização de revisões de literatura consistentes e de qualidade, concordes aos pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa em Educação. ABSTRACT In view of the need to develop qualitative studies that can support decision-making in the educational field and as a way to promote the development of consistent theoretical research in the field of Education, this article presents meta-synthesis, a qualitative systematic review modality that consists of a complex and delicate process of interpretative integration of the results of primary qualitative studies, reaching a level of comprehensive and deep theoretical understanding. The article describes the concept and steps for performing meta-syntheses and presents contributions developed by the authors in order to facilitate the organization and synthesis of data in meta-syntheses, collaborating to carry out consistent and quality literature reviews, in accordance with the assumptions of qualitative research in Education. RESUMEN Ante la necesidad de desarrollar estudios cualitativos que puedan sustentar la toma de decisiones en el área educativa y como vía para promover el desarrollo de una investigación teórica consistente en el campo de la Educación, este artículo presenta la meta-síntesis, una modalidad de revisión sistemática cualitativa que consiste en un proceso complejo y delicado de integración interpretativa de los resultados de estudios cualitativos primarios, alcanzando un nivel de comprensión teórica integral y profunda. El artículo describe el concepto y los pasos para realizar meta-síntesis y presenta contribuciones desarrolladas por los autores con el fin de facilitar la organización y síntesis de datos en meta-síntesis, colaborando para realizar revisiones de literatura consistente y de calidad, de acuerdo con los supuestos de la investigación cualitativa en Educación.

21 pages, 11 figures, 1 table.-- Open access, Aquatic food systems are important contributors to global food security to satisfy an intensifying demand for protein-based diets, but global economic growth threatens marine systems. Cephalopod (octopus, squid and cuttlefish) fisheries can contribute to food security; however, their sustainable exploitation requires understanding connections between nature's contributions to people (NCP), food system policies and human wellbeing, The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Cephs and Chefs Project (https://www.cephsandchefs.com/) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/erdf/) through the Interreg Atlantic Area Programme grant number EAPA_282/2016. CP, TF, KR and DC acknowledge financial support to CESAM by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020), through national funds. CP acknowledges the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia research contract 2020.02510. CEECIND and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). SV and PP acknowledge financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (https://www.xunta.gal/portada) (RECREGES II project under Grant 1400 ED481B2018/017 and Grupo de Referencia Competitiva GI-2060 AEMI, under Grant 1401 ED431C2019/11)

Purpose: Human movement is essential for health and well-being. Understanding human movement is pivotal in physiotherapy, but also an important element of physiotherapy education. This review identified, critically appraised, and synthesized the available evidence on learning and teaching human movement in physiotherapy as perceived by students, therapists, and instructors. Methods: The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, MEDIC and FINNA, were searched. The search was conducted in March/April 2020 and updated in March 2022. The systematic review followed the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence and was conducted in accordance with an a priori protocol. Results: The overall quality of the 17 included studies was scored low on ConQual but dependability and credibility were rated as moderate. Four synthesized findings aggregated from 17 categories and 147 findings described the perceived significance of 1) being present in movement, 2) movement quality, 3) movement transfer, and 4) contextual factors for the learning or teaching of human movement in physiotherapy. Conclusion: The synthesized findings indicate that the perceived significance of contextual factors, movement quality and transfer, and being present in movement should be considered in all learning and teaching of movement in physiotherapy. However, the evidence of the review findings was evaluated as low-level, which should be considered when applying these results to physiotherapy education or practice. peerReviewed

El artículo presenta y discute los resultados de una revisión sistemática de bibliografía sobre estudios de traducción audiovisual y estudios LGBTQ+. Según el modelo de metasíntesis, se han reunido 28 estudios empíricos publicados entre 2000 y 2020. Los ejes del análisis de dichas fuentes han sido epistemológicos y metodológicos. Los resultados de la sistematización permiten conocer los supuestos de base en torno a la visión del mundo (pospositivista, constructivista o transformadora) del que parten las investigaciones. Asimismo, revelan oportunidades de mejora en el diseño metodológico considerando que los estudios de caso son una estrategia recurrente en las investigaciones. El propósito de esta metasíntesis es proponer un diagnóstico sobre la intersección entre dos miradas teóricas (TAVy LGBTQ+), que constituyen un campo de investigación en crecimiento constante. This article presents and discusses the results of a systematic literature review on audiovisual translation studies and LGBTQ+ studies. Using metasynthesis as a qualitative research method, 28 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2020 have been collected. The analysis of these sources has focused on epistemological and methodological aspects. The results of the systematization revealthe underlying assumptions about the researchers’worldview (post-positivist, constructivist or transformative). The results also show opportunities forimproving the methodological design, considering that case studies are a common method in these sources. The purpose of this meta synthesisis to propose a diagnosis of the intersection between two theoretical perspectives (AVT and LGBTQ+), which today area field of research in constant growth.

In this research, 39 studies carried out between 2015 and 2021 were examined by metasynthesis method. In this context, current trends in published research on coding education in Turkey have been tried to be determined. Studies on coding education in Turkey were examined according to the years they were published, the subject and application areas of the studies, research methods, study groups, data collection tools, data analysis techniques, results and suggestions. In order to examine the publications included in the research, a data collection form was developed by the researchers and analyzed within the framework of the determined categories. As a result of the findings, it was seen that more studies were carried out on coding education in 2019-2020, studies were carried out to determine opinions on robotics and coding education, studies were carried out in the field of educational science, case study and experimental design were preferred, mostly secondary school students were preferred as the study group, and the data were collected mostly by interview technique. It has been revealed that content analysis is frequently used in analysis. When the studies examined, it was seen that mostly results were obtained to explain the current situation and suggestions for applications were included. In line with the results of the research, longitudinal or experimental studies can be made for coding education.

In this paper, we synthesize and compare 2,961 estimates extracted from 90 papers of the effect of target-country institutions on cross-border merger and acquisition (CBMA) intensity and premia. The synthesis results show statistically significant effects of institutional quality, cultural similarity, corruption control and political stability and effectiveness on CBMA activity, although the economic significance of these effects is modest. Study characteristics such as the choice of target and acquiring countries, estimation techniques and sample selection strongly influence the effect estimates. Moreover, we examine the literature for the possible influence of publication-selection bias on the estimated effects and conclude that the presence of such bias calls into question whether the literature reports true effects of institutions on CBMA activity. The results presented in our quantitative literature review suggest further research efforts to identify the true effect size.

Purpose: Tracheostomy is a common surgical procedure in ICU. Whilst often life-saving, it can have important impacts on patients. Much of the literature on tracheostomy focuses on timing and technique of insertion, risk factors and complications. More knowledge of patient experience of tracheostomy in ICU is needed to support person-centred care. Materials and Methods: Qualitative systematic review and metasynthesis of the literature on adult experience of tracheostomy in ICU. Comprehensive search of four bibliographic databases and grey literature. Title and abstract screening and full text eligibility was completed independently by two reviewers. Metasynthesis was achieved using thematic synthesis, supported by a conceptual framework of humanised care. Results: 2971 search returns were screened on title and abstract and 127 full texts assessed for eligibility. Thirteen articles were included for analysis. Five descriptive and three analytical themes were revealed. The over-arching theme was ‘To be seen and heard as a whole person’. Patients wanted to be treated as a human, and having a voice made this easier. Conclusions: Voice restoration should be given high priority in the management of adults with a tracheostomy in ICU. Staff training should focus on both technical skills and compassionate care to improve person-centred outcomes.

Background There has been a considerable increase in the number of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) practitioners over the past 20 years and in some jurisdictions are estimated to outnumber general practitioners. Despite this globally significant role, it is apparent that worldwide not all T&CM professions operate under adequate accountability and regulatory oversight for maintaining public protection. To date there has been no published systematic examination of stakeholder opinions regarding regulated and unregulated T&CM occupations. In response, this review aims to investigate, describe, and analyse attitudes held by a range of stakeholder groups towards the regulation of T&CM professions. Methods A database search of AMED, CINAHL, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted for original research published between 2000 and 2020 on stakeholder opinions regarding the regulation of T&CM professions. Results Sixty studies across 15 countries reported on the views of six health care stakeholder groups: consumers, T&CM practitioners, conventional medicine practitioners, professional associations, education providers, and policy-makers. Across all stakeholder groups there was between 15% and 95% (median 61%) support for, and 1% to 57% (median 14%) opposition to the regulation of various T&CM professions. The main reasons for supporting regulation included providing greater public protection, raising training and practice standards, establishing title protection, and gaining acceptance from conventional medicine providers. Concerns regarding regulation included potential restrictions to practice, misappropriation of practice, and medical oversight of T&CM practitioners. Few studies canvassed the views of professional associations (n = 6), education providers (n = 2), and policy-makers (n = 2). Conclusions There appears to be broad support for the regulation of T&CM professions, although there was wide variation in attitudes as to how this should be applied. Further research, with a particular focus on policy-makers, education providers, and professional associations, is critical to inform appropriate health policy and practice recommendations relating to T&CM professional regulation across jurisdictions. Systematic review registration: the a priori protocol for this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO and is available at: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42020198767.

The aim of this study is to examine and analyse the postgraduate thesis studies published in the national and international fields for writing for learning purposes in science education in the context of the determined criteria. For this purpose, national and international postgraduate theses prepared for writing in science education between 2010-2020 were reached and 37 national and 36 international thesis studies included in the study were examined. This study, which examines the theses prepared for writing in the field of science education, was carried out as a synthesis study and in this direction, 73 postgraduate theses were examined with a comprehensive and critical approach. As a result of the examination; In most of the national and international postgraduate theses, writing themes related to science achievement, science attitude, conceptual learning and scientific skills are preferred, theses are mostly carried out with experimental methods from quantitative research methods, mostly secondary school samples are studied, and academic achievement test is generally used as a data collection tool and t-test analyses were used in the analysis process. In addition, within the framework of the thesis studies analysed, it was revealed that writing activities had a positive effect on academic achievement, attitude, writing skills, writing proficiency, and creative writing levels. International theses; It has been determined that it differs from national theses with the themes of science news, professional development, technology-integrated writing, and information transformation. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested that the postgraduate theses, especially in the national field, conducted for writing for learning purposes in science education, are enriched from different aspects (scientific method, approach, subject, etc.) to fill the gap in this subject with studies. Bu çalışmanın amacı, fen eğitiminde öğrenme amaçlı yazmaya yönelik yapılan ulusal ve uluslararası alanda yayımlanan lisansüstü tez çalışmalarının belirlenen ölçütler bağlamında incelenerek analiz edilmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2010-2020 yılları arasında fen eğitiminde yazmaya yönelik hazırlanan ulusal ve uluslararası lisansüstü tezlere ulaşılmış ve çalışma kapsamına giren 37 ulusal ve 36 uluslararası tez çalışması incelenmiştir. Fen eğitimi alanında yazmaya yönelik hazırlanan tezlerin irdelendiği bu çalışma, bir sentez çalışması olarak yürütülmüş ve bu doğrultuda 73 lisansüstü tez kapsamlı ve eleştirel bir yaklaşımla incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda; ulusal ve uluslararası lisansüstü tezlerin çoğunda fen başarısı, fen tutumu, kavramsal öğrenme ve bilimsel becerilere ilişkin yazma temalarının tercih edildiği, tezlerin çoğunlukla nicel araştırma metotlarından deneysel yöntemlerle yürütüldüğü, en fazla ortaokul düzeyindeki örneklemler üzerinde çalışıldığı, genellikle veri toplama aracı olarak akademik başarı testinden yararlanıldığı ve analiz sürecinde t-testi analizlerine başvurulduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca analiz edilen tez çalışmaları çerçevesinde; fen bilimleri akademik başarısı, tutumu, yazma becerileri, yazma yeterlilikleri, yaratıcı yazma düzeyleri üzerinde yazma faaliyetlerinin olumlu anlamda etkisi olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Uluslararası tezlerin; bilim haberleri, mesleki gelişim, teknoloji entegrasyonlu yazma, bilgiyi dönüştürme temalarıyla ulusal tezlerden ayrıştığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarından hareketle fen eğitiminde öğrenme amaçlı yazmaya yönelik yürütülen özellikle ulusal alanda bulunan lisansüstü tezlerin farklı açılardan (Bilimsel yöntem, yaklaşım, konu vb.) zenginleştirilerek bu konudaki açığın yapılan çalışmalarla doldurulması önerilmektedir.

Species invasions are a major driver of ecological change, are very difficult to control or reverse, and will increase with climate change and global trade. Invasion sciences consider how species in invaded environments adapt, but neither scientists nor policy makers consider human adaptation to invasive species and how this affects ecosystems and well-being. To address this, a framework conceptualising autochthonous human adaptation to invasions was developed based on the Human Adaptation to Biodiversity Change framework and a case study metasynthesis. Results show that adaptation occurs within different spheres of human activity and organisation at different social-ecological scales; responses have feedbacks within and across these spheres. Adaptation to invasives and other drivers is a set of highly contextual, complex, non-linear responses that make up pathways pursued over time. Most invasive species management and adaptation occurs ‘from below,’ and policies and planned control efforts should support autochthonous adaptation, rather than undermining it. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-019-01297-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background the perceptions and experiences of care home residents and their families are important for understanding and improving the quality of emergency care. Methods we conducted a systematic review and metasynthesis to understand the perceptions and experiences of care home residents and their family members who experienced medical emergencies in a care home setting. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020167018). We searched five electronic databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO, supplemented with internet searches and forward and backward citation tracking from included studies and review articles. Data were synthesised thematically following the Thomas and Harden approach. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist was used to assess the quality of studies included in this review. Results of the 6,140 references retrieved, 10 studies from four countries (Australia, Canada, UK and USA) were included in the review and metasynthesis. All the included studies were assessed as being of good quality. Through an iterative approach, we developed six analytical themes: (i) infrastructure and process requirements in care homes to prevent and address emergencies; (ii) the decision to transfer to hospital; (iii) experiences of transfer and hospitalisation for older patients; (iv) good communication is vital for desirable outcomes; (v) legal, regulatory and ethical concerns and (vi) trusting relationships enabled residents to feel safe. Conclusions the emergency care experience for care home residents can be enhanced by ensuring resources, staff capacity and processes for high quality care and trusting relationships between staff, patients and relatives, underpinned by good communication and attention to ethical practice.

This study describes and discusses Narrative Research as a methodological alternative to study and understand the learning of mathematics teachers in hybrid collaborative university-school communities. Under a qualitative approach, a systematic review modality called meta-synthesis, the corpus of analysis is a doctoral thesis that used Narrative Inquire in the Relational perspective, with the leading question: What contributions, limitations and possibilities are shown by the use of Narrative Research to investigate and understand the learning of mathematics teachers who participated in a hybrid or border collaborative university-school community? The results of the meta-synthesis show contributions, challenges and possibilities of Relational Narrative Inquire to investigate teacher learning in hybrid collaborative communities, especially when teachers are also encouraged to investigate their practices narratively, with the collaboration of the teacher educators, and when both groups are committed to discuss and understand what and how they learn in this context., Este estudio describe y discute la investigación narrativa como una alternativa metodológica, para estudiar y comprender el aprendizaje de los profesores de matemáticas, en comunidades híbridas colaborativas entre la universidad y la escuela. Bajo un enfoque cualitativo y una modalidad de revisión sistemática denominada metasíntesis. El documento bajo análisis es una tesis doctoral que utilizó la investigación narrativa en la perspectiva relacional, con la pregunta orientadora: ¿qué aportes, limitaciones y posibilidades se evidencian con el uso de la narrativa para estudiar y comprender la enseñanza-aprendizaje de profesores de matemáticas, que participaron en una comunidad colaborativa híbrida o fronteriza entre universidad-escuela? Los resultados de la metasíntesis muestran aportes, desafíos y posibilidades de la investigación narrativa relacional, especialmente cuando se anima a los docentes a investigar sus prácticas de forma narrativa, con la colaboración de los formadores, y cuando ambos grupos están comprometidos a discutir y comprender qué y cómo aprenden en este contexto, Este estudo descreve e discute a Investigação Narrativa como alternativa metodológica para estudar e compreender a aprendizagem de professores de matemática em comunidades colaborativas híbridas universidade-escola. Sob abordagem qualitativa, modalidade revisão sistemática denominada metassíntese, o corpus de análise é uma tese de doutorado que utilizou a Investigação Narrativa na perspectiva Relacional, tendo como questão norteadora: Que contribuições, limitações e possibilidades são evidenciadas pelo uso da Investigação Narrativa para investigar e compreender as aprendizagens docentes de professores de matemática que participaram de uma comunidade colaborativa híbrida ou fronteiriça entre universidade-escola? Os resultados da metassíntese evidenciam contribuições, desafios e possibilidades da Investigação Narrativa Relacional para investigar a aprendizagem docente em comunidades colaborativas híbridas, sobretudo quando os professores são também encorajados a investigar narrativamente suas práticas, com a colaboração dos formadores, e quando ambos os grupos assumem o compromisso de discutir e compreender o que e como aprendem neste contexto.

Purpose: This metasynthesis reviews and synthesizes the existing qualitative research on adolescent well-being, with explicit attention to how context shapes girls’ well-being. Well-being can be understood as a product of transactions between the individual and their context. Using qualitative research, this metasynthesis shows that girls face several threats to their well-being, often related to gender interwoven with the context in which girls operate. Methods: A Qualitative Metasynthesis was used. It included 10 qualitative studies. Results: Findings of this metasynthesis explain that context plays a relevant role in girls’ access to resources and opportunities within families and communities. They show that context defines expectations on how girls should behave and spend their time, which often become stressors for girls. Girls examine their context and use it to set up ideals and compare themselves to others. These comparisons impact girls’ self-image and structure aspects of their social life. Conclusions: Context and gender affect girls’ well-being at different levels. Therefore, interventions and public policies should study the key factors girls identified as influencing their well-being, and address them using a multilevel rationale. Qualitative research can offer complex and illustrative insights on girls’ well-being, exploring their perspectives and experiences, and shedding light on how interlocking systems of oppression affect their well-being.

The reform movement in statistics education has led to a revitalization of the undergraduate introductory statistics course. However, many students satisfy their degree requirements by taking statistics courses in “client departments” such as business, the social sciences, and the lab sciences, typically taught by non-statisticians. This article presents the findings of a metasynthesis of the existing literature on teaching statistics in these client disciplines to learn (1) what is currently being taught and how, and (2) the most important challenges for statistics teachers in other departments. Articles were reviewed using qualitative axial coding and quantitative text analysis to identify common research themes and ideas in the literature for each discipline. Research themes, attitudes toward statistics instruction, and pedagogical techniques were found to vary from discipline to discipline. Collaboration with instructors in other disciplines may be a welcome step toward improving statistics instruction across the university.

Objective: To identify the production of knowledge in the health literature about masculinities in the context of prostate cancer survivors and to analyze the implications of this relationship for the maintenance of health care. Method: Metasynthesis of 21 qualitative studies, performed in the LILACS, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, with the scientific descriptors of DeCS and MeSH terms masculinity, prostate neoplasms. Results: Illness due to prostate cancer imposes numerous changes in male relationships, especially the non-dominance of the body and vulnerability to treatments and their consequences. The cultural values surrounding the disease and the hegemonic behaviors have implications for the health care of men. Conclusion: It has been shown that this relationship makes it difficult to communicate about the disease, marital relationships and family support, mainly influencing neglect of health. The knowledge produced is useful to promote the engagement of men in strengthening care. RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la producción de conocimiento en la literatura de la salud sobre las masculinidades, en el contexto de los sobrevivientes del cáncer de próstata, y analizar las implicaciones de esta relación para el mantenimiento de la atención de salud. Método: Metassíntesis de 21 estudios cualitativos, realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE y CINAHL, con los descriptores científicos del DeCS y MeSH terms masculinidad, neoplasias de la próstata. Resultados: La enfermedad por el cáncer de próstata impone innumerables cambios en las relaciones masculinas, sobre todo el no dominio del cuerpo y la vulnerabilidad frente a los tratamientos y sus consecuencias. Los valores culturales alrededor de la enfermedad y los comportamientos hegemónicos, traen implicaciones para el cuidado de la salud de los hombres. Conclusión Se evidenció que esta relación dificulta la comunicación sobre la enfermedad, las relaciones conyugales y el apoyo familiar, influenciando principalmente la negligencia con la salud. El conocimiento producido resulta ser útil para promover el compromiso de los hombres en el fortalecimiento de los cuidados. RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a produção de conhecimento na literatura da saúde sobre as masculinidades, no contexto dos sobreviventes do câncer de próstata, e analisar as implicações desta relação para a manutenção dos cuidados de saúde. Método: Metassíntese de 21 estudos qualitativos, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e CINAHL, com os descritores científicos do DeCS e MeSH terms masculinidade, neoplasias da próstata. Resultados: O adoecimento pelo câncer de próstata impõe inúmeras mudanças nas relações masculinas, sobretudo o não domínio do corpo e a vulnerabilidade frente aos tratamentos e suas consequências. Os valores culturais entorno da doença e os comportamentos hegemônicos, trazem implicações para o cuidado a saúde dos homens. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que esta relação dificulta a comunicação sobre a doença, as relações conjugais e o apoio familiar, influenciando principalmente a negligência com a saúde. O conhecimento produzido revela-se útil para promover o engajamento dos homens no fortalecimento de cuidados.

Introduction: Health literacy has been attended by UNESCO and all human societies from years ago. Due to the importance of this kind of literacy in individual and society health status, many studies have been conducted on the development of this type of literacy in various fields of health and medicine. Self-efficacy can help the people to promote their health literacy, and on the other hand, is related to the ability of individuals to maintain their own, family, and community health. This study reviewed the self-efficacy of health literacy and affecting factors in previous studies. Methods: The present study used a far-reaching approach to analyze the findings of qualitative studies on health literacy. After identifying the keywords and searching the internal and external databases including Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and PubMed, 649 articles were found. By reviewing articles and applying language, years, and study type filters 25 papers were selected, and the categories were extracted using Shannon's table and Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Results: Codes were classified into three categories and eight concepts. The category of psychological factors included three concepts of self-management, individual skills, and social skills, the category of communication components included two concepts of communication and health information exchange, and the category of educational factors included three concepts of educational content and resources, educational barriers and constraints, and educational effectiveness. Codes such as self-efficacy, self-management, awareness of disease symptoms, and awareness of preventive measures had the most prevalence among various categories. Conclusion: In this study, factors affecting the self-efficacy of health literacy were identified, that could be used to plan effective health literacy training programs to promote health status.

Maturity models assess the prevailing capability level and proffer the necessary capabilities for effective adoption in a systematic roadmap. This is considered essential to achieve diffusion of the emerging technologies. The paper provides a guide to maturity model development in the digitisation era. This study adopted scientometrics and meta-synthesis to critically review and provide guidance on maturity model development. Firstly, bibliographic data was collected from the Scopus database and analysed using Scientometrics. Secondly, developed BIM maturity models were critically reviewed. The study identified areas of maturity model deployment and the industries of deployment. It also identified the present areas of deployment of maturity models. The second aspect critically reviewed selected BIM maturity models through stated parameters and outlined the necessary criteria for maturity model development. Maturity model is widely adopted to achieve optimisation and proper assessment in various industries. The study identified the industries where it is deployed and identified the areas of maturity model deployment in the digitisation era. In addition, it was observed that some existing BIM maturity models do not conform to the various requirements expected of a maturity model. The study is unique in the methods adopted to achieve its results. Also, it identified the areas of maturity model deployment. The study is helpful as it provides the criteria for maturity model development hereafter, while also helping BIM users choose among the existing BIM maturity models. The study is crucial for proper maturity model development in the digitisation era.

Trots lagstiftning kring patienters delaktighet i vården ses en tydlig brist på delaktighet vid vårdplanering hos patienter inom psykiatrisk vård. Syftet med det här arbetet var att sammanställa kunskap genom en metasyntes för att nå en djupare förståelse av patienters upplevelser av delaktighet vid vårdplanering i den psykiatriska vården. Detta genom frågeställningarna vad beskriver patienter främjar respektive hindrar delaktighet vid vårdplanering i den psykiatriska vården. Tio artiklar svarade mot vårt syfte och inkluderades. Analysen av dessa resulterade i att tre teman identifierades: 1.“Det yttre lagret: Vårdplanen som ett värdefullt stödverktyg eller en meningslös upprepning” 2. Det mellersta lagret: “Att navigera oenigheter för en känsla av att äga innehållet”, och 3. Det inre lagret: “En vilja att ses som expert men en samtidigt upplevd maktlöshet”. De tre identifierade lagren syntetiserades i syfte att få en djupare förståelse och ny kunskap av patienters upplevelser av delaktighet i vårdplaneringsprocessen. Syntesen visar på tre lager som har en bestämd ordning där kärnan i syntesen och de tre identifierade lagren utgår från individen, som är expert.

Bakgrund: Den psykiska ohälsan bland befolkningen har ökat under de senaste decennierna och medellivslängden i Sverige ökar kontinuerligt. Risken att drabbas av depression var vanligare hos personer över 65 år. Depression påverkar personens känslor, tankar och beteende negativt. Det är av vikt att upptäcka, diagnostisera och behandla depression för att minska personens lidande samt minska samhällskostnader som depression medför. Personcentrerad vård är ett etiskt förhållningssätt och syftar till att involvera den enskilda personen, samt anpassa vården efter dennes behov. Sjuksköterskor arbetar ofta självständigt i vården av den äldre personen med depression. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta och vårda den äldre personen med depression. Metod: En metasyntes (Noblit och Hare, 1988) med kvalitativ design. Resultat: Metasyntesen resulterade i fyra huvudteman; organisationens betydelse, vikten av hög kompetens, vikten av att ge tid, betydelsen av ett holistiskt förhållningssätt. Teamarbete och resurser var grundläggande för att kunna stötta den äldre personen med depression. Kunskap, erfarenhet samt normmedvetenhet underlättade identifiering av depression och bidrog till god omvårdnad. Skapandet av en relation med den äldre personen tog tid och byggdes på tillit samt kontinuitet. Att se till hela personen och relationens betydelse påverkade omvårdnaden positivt. Slutsats: Stöttning från organisationen behöver finnas, mer utbildning behöver erbjudas samt möjlighet att få tid i mötet och vården av den äldre personen med depression för att kunna förbättra omvårdnaden. Det kan inte nog betonas hur viktigt det är att sjuksköterskan får resurser som ger möjligheter att skapa en personcentrerad vård. Background: Mental illness among the population has increased in recent decades and life expectancy in Sweden is continuously increasing. The risk of suffering from depression was generally more common for people over 65 years of age. Depression negatively affects the person's feelings, thoughts and behaviour. It is important to detect, diagnose and treat depression in order to reduce the person's suffering and reduce the societal costs that depression entails. Person-centered care is an ethical approach and aims to involve the individual, as well as adapt care to his or her needs. Nurses often work independently in the care of the elderly person with depression.Aim: The aim of the study was to describe nurses' experiences of meeting and caring for the elderly person with depression. Method: The study is a metasynthesis (Noblit and Hare, 1988) with a qualitative design. Results: The metasynthesis resulted in four main themes; the importance of the organization, the importance of high competence, the importance of giving time, the significanceof a holistic approach. Teamwork and resources were essential in order to be able to support the elderly person. Knowledge, experience and norm awareness facilitated the identification of depression and contributed to good nursing. The creating of a relationship with the older person took time and was built on trust and continuity. Looking at the whole person and the importance of the relationship had a positive impact on nursing. Conclusion: Support from the organization needs to be available, more education needs to be offered as well as the opportunity to have time in the meeting and care of the elderly person with depression in order to improve care. It cannot be emphasized enough how important it is for the nurse to receive resources that provide opportunities to create a person-centered care.

This review is part of a EC research project funded by RDAP-GBW-AG-2018-2 Domestic Violence/European Commission. This metasynthesis brings together what is known about family members’ perspectives of their relationship with social care practitioners as a starting point for developing a pan-European training resource for practitioners. Four databases were searched for qualitative literature with search terms relating to family members and social care practitioners. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 studies were critically appraised and were included in the metasynthesis. Three broad themes were identified through a thematic analysis of the studies’ findings: family members’ perspectives of the system; perceptions of how they were viewed by their worker; and view of their worker. The following aspects are discussed: whether partnership between family and worker is possible within a legal framework; the detrimental effects of cultural bias; and practical foundations for building trust. Recommendations are made for practical support, reflection on cultural practice and broader service provision. Publisher PDF

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. There is a need for more knowledge on how people with substance use problems (SUPs) understand and experience user involvement when receiving care. In this systematic review, we identify and reanalyse the existing qualitative research that explores how people with lived experiences of substance use understand user involvement, and their experiences of key practices for achieving user involvement. We systematically searched seven electronic databases. We applied Noblit and Hare’s meta-ethnography, revised by Malterud, to identify, translate, and summarise the studies. The electronic search resulted in 2065 articles. We conducted a full-text evaluation of 63 articles, of which 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. The primary studies’ synthesis reveals three different understandings of user involvement: user involvement as joint meaning production, points of view represented, and user representation in welfare services. Key practices for achieving user involvement involved seeing and respecting the service user as a unique person, the quality of the interactional process, and the scope of action for people with SUPs, as well as professionals, including issues of stigma, power, and fatalism. The metasynthesis recognises the ambiguity of the concept of user involvement concept and the importance of including the service user’s perspective when defining user involvement. The analysis of key practices emphasises the importance of relational processes and contextual aspects when developing user involvement concepts.

El artículo presenta y discute los resultados de una revisión sistemática de bibliografía sobre estudios de traducción audiovisual y estudios LGBTQ+. Según el modelo de metasíntesis, se han reunido 28 estudios empíricos publicados entre 2000 y 2020. Los ejes del análisis de dichas fuentes han sido epistemológicos y metodológicos. Los resultados de la sistematización permiten conocer los supuestos de base en torno a la visión del mundo (pospositivista, constructivista o transformadora) del que parten las investigaciones. Asimismo, revelan oportunidades de mejora en el diseño metodológico considerando que los estudios de caso son una estrategia recurrente en las investigaciones. El propósito de esta metasíntesis es proponer un diagnóstico sobre la intersección entre dos miradas teóricas (TAV y LGBTQ+), que constituyen un campo de investigación en crecimiento constante. This article presents and discusses the results of a systematic literature review on audiovisual translation studies and LGBTQ+ studies. Using metasynthesis as a qualitative research method, 28 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2020 have been collected. The analysis of these sources has focused on epistemological and methodological aspects. The results of the systematization reveal the underlying assumptions about the researchers’ worldview (post-positivist, constructivist or transformative). The results also show opportunities for improving the methodological design, considering that case studies are a common method in these sources. The purpose of this meta synthesis is to propose a diagnosis of the intersection between two theoretical perspectives (AVT and LGBTQ+), which today are a field of research in constant growth.

Background The aim of this metasynthesis was to explore adult anorexia nervosa (AN) treatment experiences, including facilitators and barriers to treatment engagement and ways that questions of identity and personal agency were negotiated in treatment contexts. Methods From 14 qualitative studies that met the search criteria, this thematic synthesis analyzed the sensitized concept of identity in the participants’ experiences of AN treatments, including their sense of personal agency, and implications for their recovery. The study was registered with Prospero (ID: CRD42018089259) and is reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Results Three meta-themes were generated with the following key findings: grappling with identity, where collaborative and tailored interventions were positively experienced; the quality of the therapeutic relationship, which existed in a recursive relationship; and, rebuilding identity that included therapists standing with the person in recovering a sense of identity outside the anorexic identity. Importantly, interventions that failed to be negotiated with the person were experienced as disempowering however, where a two-way trust existed in the therapeutic relationship, it critically empowered and shaped participants’ sense of identity, and broadened the perception that they were valuable as a person. Conclusions There was consensus across the range of treatment contexts that individuals with a lived AN experience preferred treatments where they experienced (1) a sense of personal agency through tailored interventions; and (2) therapists who treated them as a person who, in the face of their struggles, had skills and capacities in the processes of recovering and rebuilding sustainable and preferred identities outside the AN identity.

Background Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease which affects more than ten million people worldwide. Living with Parkinson's disease has a high impact on everyday life, and may affect quality of life negatively. Individualized coping strategies are needed to deal with the disease on a daily basis and still enjoy a social life. Objective The aim of this study was to identify and describe strategies for coping adopted by individuals living with Parkinson's disease in their daily lives. Design The study is designed as a meta-ethnographic metasynthesis and follows Sandelowski and Barroso's guidelines for synthesizing qualitative research. Datasources Based on an exhaustive literature search in the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Scopus and Swemed, as well as Mednar, parkinson.org, Google Scholar and OpenGrey, with no limit on the search date, 14 articles were included. Review methods The data were analyzed through a taxonomic and inductive analysis focusing on coping with Parkinson's disease in daily life. Results The findings revealed that the overarching motivation for patients to cope with Parkinson's disease was maintaining normality and preserving the self. The coping strategies used were: Staying independent, Focusing on the present and Avoiding challenging situations. Conclusions Coping with Parkinson's disease is an ongoing and complex process of balancing the strategies used, while holding on to the 'self' that pre-dated Parkinson's disease, and at the same time adjusting one's identity to embrace living with a chronic condition. In this process, optimism and positive thinking would seem to be very fruitful. Further, the synthesis revealed that relatives often act as informal caregivers and hence as an important support in daily life. Healthcare professionals must know about coping strategies in order better to support the patients.

Supporting parents to meet the challenges of their caregiving role is identified as a public health concern and a priority in policies internationally. Quantitative research has established the efficacy of parenting programmes but less is understood about the key aspects that make interventions meaningful and helpful to families. We aimed to explore parents’ experiences and perceptions of parenting programmes in order to highlight the parent voice and identify key factors that parents perceive to be meaningful and improve our understanding of the acceptability and perceived benefits of parenting programmes. Six key electronic databases were searched systematically for qualitative research and eligibility for inclusion was established. A thematic synthesis was undertaken. Twenty-six studies were included, spanning 17 years of parenting research and involving 822 parents. Three main themes and nine subthemes were identified: (1) a family’s journey (prior to the parenting programme, outcomes (including changes in the parent, child and wider family) and post-intervention), (2) aspects perceived to be important or valuable (group leader or facilitator, programme content and delivery and value of the group) and (3) challenges or difficulties (barriers to engagement or attendance, programme content and suggestions for improvement). Reported outcomes of parenting programmes included changes in the parent alongside changes in the child and family more widely. Key recommendations to improve provision of accessible, clinically and cost-effective interventions for parents include ensuring high-quality training and supervision of facilitators, balancing flexibility and fidelity to ensure tailored content to meet individual needs, a sensitivity to parental adversity, the need for wider familial support and the availability of ongoing support following the end of a parenting programme.

BackgroundThe purpose of this systematic review (PROSPERO Ref: CRD42017053264) was to describe and interpret the qualitative research on parent’s decision-making and informed choice about their pregnancy and birth care. Given the growing evidence on the benefits of different models of maternity care and the prominence of informed choice in health policy, the review aimed to shed light on the research to date and what the findings indicate.Methodsa systematic search and screening of qualitative research concerning parents’ decision-making and informed choice experiences about pregnancy and birth care was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. A meta-synthesis approach was taken for the extraction and analysis of data and generation of the findings. Studies from 1990s onwards were included to reflect an era of policies promoting choice in maternity care in high-income countries.ResultsThirty-seven original studies were included in the review. A multi-dimensional conceptual framework was developed, consisting of three analytical themes (‘Uncertainty’, ‘Bodily autonomy and integrity’ and ‘Performing good motherhood’) and three inter-linking actions (‘Information gathering,’ ‘Aligning with a birth philosophy,’ and ‘Balancing aspects of a choice’).ConclusionsDespite the increasing research on decision-making, informed choice is not often a primary research aim, and its development in literature published since the 1990s was difficult to ascertain. The meta-synthesis suggests that decision-making is a dynamic and temporal process, in that it is made within a defined period and invokes both the past, whether this is personal, familial, social or historical, and the future. Our findings also highlighted the importance of embodiment in maternal health experiences, particularly when it comes to decision-making about care. Policymakers and practitioners alike should examine critically current choice frameworks to ascertain whether they truly allow for flexibility in decision-making. Health systems should embrace more fluid, personalised models of care to augment service users’ decision-making agency.

Bakgrund: Att genomgå en förlossning kan vara skrämmande och outforskat för den födande kvinnan. För att erhålla en positiv förlossningsupplevelse krävs det att kvinnan känner säkerhet och besitter kontroll under förlossningsprocessen. Ett alternativ som visat sig ha medicinska fördelar för kvinna och barn under förlossning är när kvinnan ligger nedsjunken i vatten under förlossningsarbetet. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka kvinnors upplevelser av att befinna sig nedsjunken i vatten i samband med förlossningsarbete. Metod: Kvalitativ metasyntes med metaetnografisk analysmetod. Datainsamling har genom sökning i relevanta databaser genererat i 15 artiklar som ligger till grund för resultatet. Resultat: I resultatet identifierades fyra huvudteman: En tro på det naturliga som innefattade en önskan om naturlig förlossning och en medicinsk misstro. En tilltalande förlossning som berörde vattnets välgörande effekter, stärkande flytkraft, hemlik miljö och ett effektivt förlopp. I En stärkande upplevelse framgick att metoden innebar en känsla av kontroll och tillfredsställelse och att stödet från andra ansågs viktigt. Försvårande omständigheter beskrev olika hinder för en god förlossningsupplevelse, det handlade om poolen, negativa inställningar hos vårdpersonal och anhöriga men också en oro eller rädsla hos kvinnan. Slutsats: Förlossningsarbete i vatten innebär möjligheter för kvinnan till positiv förlossningsupplevelse där hon erhåller kontroll och tillfredsställelse. Ökad kunskap behövs hos barnmorskan och annan relevant vårdpersonal för att kunna stödja och erbjuda kvinnan vård efter hennes önskemål och behov. Klinisk tillämpbarhet: Metasyntesens resultat kan användas av barnmorskor och annan vårdpersonal som möter gravida kvinnor. Dels för att informera och stödja kvinnan, dels för vidare implementering av vattenförlossning på kliniker. Background: Giving birth can be an intimidating and unexplored experience for women. In order to obtain a positive birth experience, it is required that women feel safe and in control during the birthing process. Water immersion has been shown to have medical benefits during labor and childbirth.Aim: The aim was to investigate women’s experiences of immersion in water in connection with labor and birth.Method: A qualitative metasynthesis with metaethnographic analysis was used. Searching the relevant databases generated in 15 articles and results are based on this data.Results: In the results, four main themes were identified: A belief in the natural that included desire for a natural childbirth and a medical mistrust. An appealing birth that included the beneficial effects of the water as strengthening buoyancy, homely environment and an efficient process. A strengthening experience showed that the method entailed a feeling of control and satisfaction and that the support from others was considered as important. Aggravating circumstances described obstacles for a good experience. It was about the pool, negative attitudes among care staff and relatives but also a worry or fear for the woman.Conclusion: Water immersion during childbirth means a possibility for the women to have a positive childbirth experience where she can feel in control and satisfaction. Increased knowledge is needed for the midwife and other relevant health care professionals to be able to support and offer the woman care according to her wishes and needs.Clinical applicability: The results of metasynthesis can be used by midwives and other healthcare professionals who meet pregnant women. Partly to inform the woman, to be able to support the woman but also for further implementation of waterbirths in clinics.

Armed conflict is a major obstacle to school enrolment, retention and access to quality education, affecting 125 million children today. The reform of the humanitarian sector in 2005 has clearly contributed to the emergence of the field of Education in Emergencies, which is now standardised. Educational and artistic interventions with psychosocial objectives are thus the most widely deployed with children affected by conflicts. Researchers are developing an emerging literature on the issues of children's development and well-being in these particular contexts, but there is very little data on educational and pedagogical practices, and even less on artistic experiences. Our metasynthesis is the first review of the studies produced that focus on these specific educational issues., Les conflits armés sont un obstacle majeur à la scolarisation et à la persistance scolaire et à l’accès à une éducation de qualité, ce sont 125 millions d’enfants concernés aujourd’hui. La réforme de l’humanitaire en 2005 a nettement participé à l’émergence du domaine de l’Éducation en situation d’urgence, aujourd’hui normé. Les interventions éducatives et artistiques à objectifs psychosociaux sont ainsi les plus largement déployées auprès d’enfants touchés par les conflits. Des chercheurs développent une littérature émergente concernant les enjeux du développent bienêtre des enfants dans ces contextes particuliers mais très peu de données donnent à voir les pratiques éducatives, pédagogiques et encore moins faisant état des expériences artistiques. Notre métasynthèse fait le premier état des lieux des études produites centrées sur ces enjeux éducatifs spécifiques.

Bakgrund: Hud-mot-hudvård med förälder direkt efter födelsen och efterföljande veckor kan förhindra allvarlig sjukdom och i värsta fall död hos barn. Det har globalt visat sig att barn skulle kunna överleva med små medel då hud-mot-hudvård ger värme, högre grad fungerande amning och anknytning. Syfte: Att beskriva föräldrarnas upplevelser och erfarenheter av att vårda sitt nyfödda barn hud-mot-hud. Metod: Datainsamlingsmetoden var kvalitativ metasyntes med metaetnografi som analysmetod. Artiklar har sökts i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science samt PsycInfo. Efter kvalitetsgranskning valdes 15 artiklar ut. Resultat: Två huvudkategorier identifierades vars rubriker återspeglar examensarbetets resultat: Likt en kokong och Likt en resa. Även åtta underkatogorier identifierades: En svårslagen stund av intim närhet, Känslan av liv, Så nära men ändå så långt borta, I kärlekens tecken, Mot trygghet i familjen, Efter stormens hetta förvandlades livet till en ljum bris, Höjdpunkten för partnern var då de fick barnet nära samt Drömmen blev sann om att bli ett med varann Konklusion: Resultatet beskriver hur hud-mot-hudvård var viktigt för anknytning och amning. Föräldrarna beskrev en tomhet och oro vid avsaknaden av närheten till sitt barn. Sett ur ett globalt perspektiv behövs ökad kunskap samt rutiner för att motverka att hud-mot-hudvård mellan det nyfödda barnet och dess föräldrar uteblir. Klinisk tillämpbarhet: För att, globalt och lokalt, minska sjukdom och död hos nyfödda behöver WHO´s riktlinjer följas och vårdrutiner arbetas fram lokalt. För att ge kunskap om vikten av hud-mot-hudvård hos barnmorskor och vårdpersonal inom Hälso- och Sjukvård världen över föreslås fortsatta studier. Background: Skin-to-skin care with a parent immediately after birth and the following weeks can prevent serious illness and, in the worst case, death of the child. Globally, it has been shown that even limited skin-to-skin contact with a parent can increase infant survival rate. It provides warmth, helps to initiate breastfeeding and creates a secure bond. Purpose: To describe parents' experiences of caring for their newborn baby skin-to-skin. Method: Qualitative metasynthesis was used to gather data with metaethnography as method of analysis. Articles were searched for in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycInfo. After a quality review, 15 articles were selected. Results: Two main categories were identified: Like cocooning and Like a journey. Eight subcategories were identified reflecting the content of the results: A precious moment of intimate closeness, The feeling of life, So close but yet so far away, In the name of love, Towards family confidence, After the storm life turned into a breeze, The summit for the partners´ was when they were close to the child and The dream became true when becoming one with each other. Conclusion: The result described skin-to-skin care as an important way of creating bonds and initiate breastfeeding. Parents described worry and feelings of emptiness when they were separated from their child. Seen from a global perspective, increased knowledge and routines are needed to counteract skinto-skin care between the newborn child and its parents. Clinical applicability: In order to reduce disease and death in newborns globally, WHO´s guidelines need to be followed and care routines developed. To provide knowledge to midwives and healthcare professionals about the importance of skin-to-skin care further studies are needed

Bakgrund: ​Förlossningsdepression är ett tillstånd som drabbar upp till 15 procent av kvinnor i Sverige efter förlossning. Obehandlat kan tillståndet medföra negativa konsekvenser för både kvinnans och barnets hälsa. Barnmorskan har en viktig roll i att tidigt fånga upp kvinnor som utvecklat eller är i risk för att utveckla en förlossningsdepression. ​Syfte: ​Att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att genomgå en förlossningsdepression. ​Metod: ​Kvalitativ metasyntes med en metaetnografiskanalysmetod.Datainsamlinghargenomförtsitredatabaser;PubMed,CINAHLoch PsycInfo. Totalt ingår 17 artiklar i metasyntesens resultat, där samtliga genomgått en kvalitetsgranskning. ​Resultat:​Fyra teman identifierades;​En identitet i förändring, En ny roll som moder, En förhindrad anknytning och En känslomässig storm. ​Slutsats: ​Under en förlossningsdepression upplever kvinnor känslor av identitetsförlust, svårigheter att anpassa sig till modersrollen, problem i anknytning med barnet samt en känslomässig berg- och dalbana. Barnmorskan har en betydande roll i förebyggandet och tidig upptäckt av förlossningsdepression. Klinisk tillämpbarhet:​Metasyntesen kan användas av barnmorskor inommödrahälsovården,som utgångspunkt och stöd i förbättringsarbete av vård för kvinnor som utvecklat eller är i risk för att utveckla en förlossningsdepression. Background: Postpartum depression is a condition that affects up to 15 percent of women in Sweden after childbirth. Untreated, this condition can have a negative effect on the health of both the woman and the child. Midwives have an important role in identifying women who have developed or are at risk of developing postpartum depression. ​Aim: ​To describe women's experiences of postpartum depression. ​Method: ​Qualitative metasynthesis with metaethnographic analysis method. Data was collected through three databases; PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo. A total of 17 articles are included in the result of this metasynthesis, of which all of them passed a thorough quality critique.​Results: Four themes were identified;Achangingidentity,Anewroleas a mother, A hindered bondingandAnemotionalstorm.​Conclusion:​Duringpostpartumdepression women experience feelingsoflosingtheiridentity,difficultiesadaptingtomotherhood,problemsin bonding with the child as well as a rollercoaster of emotions.Themidwifehasanimportantrolein prevention and early identification of postpartum depression. ​Clinical implications: This metasynthesis can be used by midwives working in maternity care, as atooltoimprovethequality of care for women who have developed or are at risk of developing postpartum depression.

This qualitative metasynthesis investigated students’ meaningful learning experiences amid andragogical teacher education programmes. The programmes catered to the specific learning needs of adult students in the context of university-based teacher education. This study aimed to provide a wider picture of the frames of students’ meaningful learning in andragogical teacher education programmes. The findings revealed three major learning worlds of adult students’ meaningful learning, which formed a common system widening from the professional awakening to the transformative community and agency in society. Based on the findings, this study argues that in andragogical teacher education, which emphasises collaboration and networking in accordance with the current trend in higher education, teacher students may become empowered participants and active agents in society. The findings can be used in planning curricula, and developing programmes of higher education in general and teacher education in particular. peerReviewed

Clinical practice guidelines recommend a biopsychosocial approach for the management of musculoskeletal pain conditions, but physiotherapists have reported feeling inadequately trained and lacking in confidence to deal with psychosocial issues. Although a growing number of studies is exploring physiotherapists’ perceptions of biopsychosocial training, the results have not been synthesized. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative studies was to explore physiotherapists’ perceptions of learning and implementing a biopsychosocial intervention to treat musculoskeletal pain conditions. A search of the electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycInfo, SportDiscus and Sociological abstracts identified eligible studies. We included full text qualitative and mixed methodology studies published in English which investigated physiotherapists’ perceptions of learning and implementing biopsychosocial interventions. Twelve studies involving 113 participants met the inclusion criteria and a thematic synthesis was conducted. The quality of the included studies was appraised using the Clinical Appraisal Screening Program. Four main themes emerged from the data: changed understanding and practice, professional benefits, clinical challenges and learning requirements. The results of this study indicate that even though the physiotherapists reported a shift towards more biopsychosocial and person-centered approaches, the training interventions did not sufficiently help them feel confident in delivering all the aspects. Planning future implementation interventions and training physiotherapists through a biopsychosocial approach should focus on adequate training and individualized mentoring related to psychosocial factors, and discussion of role boundaries, patient expectations and organizational factors such as time constraints and referral pathways. peerReviewed

There is quite huge annual energy consumption in Iran in household, commercial, and public sectors. In addition, the index of population aging manifests a great increase in recent years. Concurrent to all these, smart houses which are equipped with Internet of Things (IoT) can help us maintain sustainable developments with functionalities such as improvements in energy consumption and health, to name but a few. Accordingly, in this thesis, we aimed to identify the usage and functions of IoT in smart houses. This research is an applied research in nature and it would be classified as qualitative regarding data collection. In order to identify the usages of IoT in smart houses with the help of meta-synthesis approach, we have examined 371 researches among which only 85 have been selected for the final analysis. 122 factors have been extracted based on these 85 researches which have been combined into 7 main usages of “electricity consumption management”, “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning System”, “water consumption control”, “security empowerment for the buildings and the neighborhood”, “health monitoring”, “crisis management”, and home appliance automation.

Understanding the challenges of professionals in addressing child adversity is key to improving the detection, protection, and care of exposed children. We aimed to synthesize findings from qualitative studies of professionals’ lived experience of addressing child adversity. Through a systematic search, we identified eight qualitative studies and synthesized them using metaethnography. We generated three themes, “feeling inadequate,” “fear of making it worse,” and “facing evil,” and one overarching metaphor, “walking children through a minefield.” The professionals felt that they lacked the means necessary to explore child adversity, that they were apprehensive of worsening the child’s situation, and that their work with child adversity induced emotional discomfort. This metasynthesis indicated that the professionals’ efficiency in exploring abuse relied upon their ability to manage emotional and moral distress and complexity. To support children at risk, we propose developing professionals’ ability to build relationships, skills in emotion regulation, and proficiency in reflective practice. publishedVersion

Introduction: Achievement to a model for facilitation of returning to work in female breast cancer survivors is high importance. Hence, the current study aimed to develop a better understanding of the return to work after breast cancer concept and developing a model for facilitation of return to work in female breast cancer survivors. Methods: This study is a metasynthesis research, which implemented by Noblit and Hare method on 15 qualitative studies. Databases of Scopus, Science Direct, Pub Med, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran were used for accessing to these studies. Then, related qualitative studies, including the criteria for the data validity were selected. In the following, their themes were extracted and pooled. The similarities and differences between them were used for the analysis and reduction the categories in the next stage, and then main themes were identified and integrated. Results: Return-to-work model after breast cancer consisted of five constructs, including communication pattern, supporting system, expects, limitations and coping. Various constructs of this model can have the facilitator or barrier roles in the return-to-work process. Conclusion: According to developed model in this research, the impact of model constructs, including communication pattern, supporting system, expects and limitations on each other, can lead to cope with and facilitate returning to work in female breast cancer survivors.

From its origins in the 1990s, the qualitative health research metasynthesis project represented a methodological maneuver to capitalize on a growing investment in qualitatively derived study reports to create an interactive dialogue among them that would surface expanded insights about complex human phenomena. However, newer forms positioning themselves as qualitative metasynthesis but representing a much more technical and theoretically superficial form of scholarly enterprise have begun to appear in the health research literature. It seems imperative that we think through the implications of this trend and determine whether it is to be afforded the credibility of being a form of qualitative scholarship and, if so, what kind of scholarship it represents. As the standardization trend in synthesis research marches forward, we will need clarity and a strong sense of purpose if we are to preserve the essence of what the qualitative metasynthesis project was intended to be all about.

Background: Experiential peers are increasingly involved in the development and delivery of interventions for individuals who are engaged in delinquent behavior. Experiential peer support, which is the provision of support to an individual engaged in delinquent behavior by someone who has previously also practiced such behavior, is one such application. Little is known, however, about its effects on desistance, or the mechanisms that explain these effects. On the basis of theoretical papers, program descriptions, and interviews with experts, we developed an initial program theory. We propose seven mechanisms that might play a role in the (potential) effects of support by experiential peers: (1) empathy and acceptance, (2) social learning, (3) social bonding, (4) social control, (5) narrative and identity formation, (6) hope and perspective, and (7) translation and connection. In addition, in this protocol paper, we describe the methods of a systematic realist literature review that will be conducted in order to investigate the evidence base for this program theory.Methods: The study described in this protocol paper is a realist review, which is a suitable approach to study complex interventions and fits the explanatory purpose of the study. We outline the steps to be taken for the systematic realist review, including the selection and assessment of studies and the methods for synthesizing the findings.Discussion: Investigating the effects and the underlying mechanisms of support by experiential peers for individuals with delinquent behavior is relevant because the forensic setting has some unique features, and the involvement of service users might create even more tension than in other settings due to stigma and perceived risks. The findings that will be reported in the realist review will contribute to the knowledge of the effects of support by experiential peers and will provide insight into which aspects remain to be studied. It might also provide formal care institutions with guidance on whether to involve experiential peers in the delivery of their services and the conditions under which these interventions are likely to lead to positive results.

Background Experiential peers are increasingly involved in the development and delivery of interventions for individuals who are engaged in delinquent behavior. Experiential peer support, which is the provision of support to an individual engaged in delinquent behavior by someone who has previously also practiced such behavior, is one such application. Little is known, however, about its effects on desistance, or the mechanisms that explain these effects. On the basis of theoretical papers, program descriptions, and interviews with experts, we developed an initial program theory. We propose seven mechanisms that might play a role in the (potential) effects of support by experiential peers: (1) empathy and acceptance, (2) social learning, (3) social bonding, (4) social control, (5) narrative and identity formation, (6) hope and perspective, and (7) translation and connection. In addition, in this protocol paper, we describe the methods of a systematic realist literature review that will be conducted in order to investigate the evidence base for this program theory. Methods The study described in this protocol paper is a realist review, which is a suitable approach to study complex interventions and fits the explanatory purpose of the study. We outline the steps to be taken for the systematic realist review, including the selection and assessment of studies and the methods for synthesizing the findings. Discussion Investigating the effects and the underlying mechanisms of support by experiential peers for individuals with delinquent behavior is relevant because the forensic setting has some unique features, and the involvement of service users might create even more tension than in other settings due to stigma and perceived risks. The findings that will be reported in the realist review will contribute to the knowledge of the effects of support by experiential peers and will provide insight into which aspects remain to be studied. It might also provide formal care institutions with guidance on whether to involve experiential peers in the delivery of their services and the conditions under which these interventions are likely to lead to positive results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13643-019-1036-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Results from a metasynthesis of the relationships between 14 different types of preservice teacher preparation practices and teaching quality, preschool to university student performance, and university student and beginning teacher belief appraisals are reported. Each type of preservice practice (e.g., course-based student learning) included different kinds of instructional methods (e.g., problem-based learning, inquiry-based learning, and project-based learning). The metasynthesis included 118 meta-analyses and 12 surveys of more than three million study participants. Findings clearly indicated that active university student and beginning teacher involvement in mastering the use of instructional practices and both knowledge and skill acquisition by far stood out as the most important preservice teacher preparation practices. These included extended student teaching experiences, simulated instructional practices and microteaching, faculty coaching and mentoring, clinical supervision, different types of cooperative learning practices, and course-based active student learning methods. The pattern of results helped identify high leverage and high impact teacher preparation practices. Implications for future research and improving teacher preparation are described.

The aim of this study was to provide guidance to improve the completeness and clarity of meta-ethnography reporting.Evidence-based policy and practice require robust evidence syntheses which can further understanding of people's experiences and associated social processes. Meta-ethnography is a rigorous seven-phase qualitative evidence synthesis methodology, developed by Noblit and Hare. Meta-ethnography is used widely in health research, but reporting is often poor quality and this discourages trust in and use of its findings. Meta-ethnography reporting guidance is needed to improve reporting quality.The eMERGe study used a rigorous mixed-methods design and evidence-based methods to develop the novel reporting guidance and explanatory notes.The study, conducted from 2015 - 2017, comprised of: (1) a methodological systematic review of guidance for meta-ethnography conduct and reporting; (2) a review and audit of published meta-ethnographies to identify good practice principles; (3) international, multidisciplinary consensus-building processes to agree guidance content; (4) innovative development of the guidance and explanatory notes.Recommendations and good practice for all seven phases of meta-ethnography conduct and reporting were newly identified leading to 19 reporting criteria and accompanying detailed guidance.The bespoke eMERGe Reporting Guidance, which incorporates new methodological developments and advances the methodology, can help researchers to report the important aspects of meta-ethnography. Use of the guidance should raise reporting quality. Better reporting could make assessments of confidence in the findings more robust and increase use of meta-ethnography outputs to improve practice, policy, and service user outcomes in health and other fields. This is the first tailored reporting guideline for meta-ethnography. This article is being simultaneously published in the following journals: Journal of Advanced Nursing, Psycho-oncology, Review of Education, and BMC Medical Research Methodology.目的: 本研究的目的是为提高元人种志报告的完整性和清晰度提供指导。 背景: 基于证据的政策和实践需要强有力的证据合成,以进一步了解人们的经验和相关的社会过程。 种志是由诺伯特和黑尔开发的一种严谨的七-相定性证据综合方法。元人种志在健康研究中被广泛使用,但报告质量往往很差,这阻碍了对研究结果的信任和使用。元人种志报告指南是提高报告质量所必需的。 设计: 本研究采用了严格的混合方法设计和基于证据的方法来开发新的报告指南和注释。 方法: 这项研究从2015年到2017年进行,包括:(1)对元人种志行为和报告指南的方法系统审查;(2)审查和审计已出版的元人种志,以确定良好的实践原则;(3)国际、多学科的共识--建立过程以达成指导内容;(4)创新发展的指导和说明。 研究发现: 新确定的所有七个元人种志实施和报告阶段的建议和良好做法提供了19项报告准则,并附有详细的指南。 结论: 定制的新兴报告指南,包含了新的方法论的发展和进步,可以帮助研究人员报告元人种志的重要方面。使用指南应提高报告质量。更好的报告可以使对调查结果的信心评估更加可靠,并增加对元人种学输出的使用,以改进卫生和其他领域的实践、政策和服务用户结果。这是第一个为元人种学量身定制的报告指南。本文同时发表于《高级护理杂志》、《精神肿瘤学》、《教育评论》和《英国医学委员会医学研究方法论》等期刊。.

This article reviews and discusses empirical literature on the micro-mechanisms of Burt’s concept of brokerage for inter-firm business networks from a governance perspective. Using a combination of a literature review and a qualitative metasynthesis, research gaps are first identified in the literature about these micro-mechanisms and then filled with interpretations, stemming from a qualitative metasynthesis of 13 in-depth case studies on brokerage for business network environments. The paper discusses three related elements and their inter-relationship in the brokerage process: the enabling factors for brokerage in business networks; the brokerage activities, particularly the combination of “bonding”, “bridging”, exclusion, and moderation/negotiation in different network configurations; and the outcomes of brokerage for business networks. We argue that network managers should take care of these elements when using brokerage to govern business networks. For example, the positional factors of agents in the network who take over brokerage functions need to be monitored and a balance of their embeddedness in the network and independence of focal firms should be safeguarded. Moreover, activities associated with brokerage should be steered and controlled in order to generate network benefits such as a higher collaborative stance of the partaking firms or learning processes amongst them.

Najraširenija i najčešće korištena definicija aseksualnosti je ona ponuđena od mrežne stranice foruma za aseksualnu zajednicu AVEN (engl. Asexual Visibility and Education Network), gdje se navodi da je aseksualna osoba ''osoba koja ne osjeća seksualnu privlačnost''. Pojedina istraživanja koja su stavila fokus na stvaranje bliskih odnosa kod aseksualnih osoba, koncept prisilne seksualnosti i povezanosti sa stvaranjem bliskih i intimnih odnosa, se može jasno ocrtati u tim istim istraživanjima. U radu su analizirani kvalitativni istraživački radovi na temu bliskih odnosa kod aseksualnih osoba, primjenom meta-sinteze. Meta-sinteza je metoda usmjerena na odabir kvalitativnih istraživanja, odnosno njenih određenih dijelova znanja i prevođenje tih nalaza istraživanja u jednu širu interpretaciju nudeći bogatije i cjelovitije razumijevanje fenomena. Cilj ovakvog istraživačkog rada je bio dobiti uvid u stvaranje i održavanje bliskih odnosa aseksualnih osoba. Rezultati provedene meta-sinteze mogu se očitati kroz način kako aseksualne osobe doživljavaju bliske odnose s drugima na temelju osjećaja isključenosti iz bliskih odnosa i doživljaja seksualnog odnosa. Iskustva u stvaranju i održavanju odnosa tiče se ocrtavaju kroz poteškoće u stvaranju bliskih odnosa i želje za razvijanjem drugih oblika intimnih odnosa. Tema aseksualnosti, kao i tema bliskih odnosa kod aseksualnih osoba je u potpunosti zanemarena, kako u znanosti tako i u široj javnosti te je i svrha ovog rada pridonijeti početku rasprave i u hrvatskim okvirima., The broadest and the most commonly used definition of asexuality is the one suggested from the web page of forum for asexual community AVEN (Asexual Visibility and Education Network), where it is said that asexual individual is a 'person who doesn't feel sexual attraction'. This paper analyzes qualitative scientific research papers on close relationships among asexual people by applying a method of metasynthesis. Metasynthesis is the method focused on choosing the qualitative research papers, its certain spectres of expertise and translating the findings of those papers in a more broader interpretation which results in a richer and more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The main goal of this kind of research paper is to get an insight in creating and and maintaining close relationships among bisexual individuals. The results of this meta synthesis can be read as a way of how asexuals individuals experience close relationships with other people based on: the feeling of exclusion from close relationships and experience of sexual intercourse. Experiences in creating and maintaning are outlined in difficulties in creating close relationships and desire for developing other forms od intimate relationships. The topic of asexuality, as much as the topic of close relationships among asexual people is completely neglected, both in social sciences and in public discussions. The main purpose of this paper is to contribute to the beginning of the discussion about this topic in the context of Croatia.

Background\ud Dementia is a global issue, with increasing prevalence rates impacting on health services internationally. People with dementia are frequently admitted to hospital, an environment that may not be suited to their needs. While many initiatives have been developed to improve their care in the acute setting, there is a lack of cohesive understanding of how staff experience and perceive the care they give to people with dementia in the acute setting.\ud \ud Objectives\ud The aim of this qualitative synthesis was to explore health care staffs’ experiences and perceptions of caring for people with dementia in the acute setting. Qualitative synthesis can bring together isolated findings in a meaningful way that can inform policy development.\ud \ud Settings\ud A screening process, using inclusion/exclusion criteria, identified qualitative studies that focused on health care staff caring for people with dementia in acute settings.\ud \ud Participants\ud Twelve reports of nine studies were included for synthesis. Data extraction was conducted on each report by two researchers.\ud \ud Methods\ud Framework synthesis was employed using VIPS framework, using Values, Individualised, Perspective and Social and psychological as concepts to guide synthesis. The VIPS framework has previously been used for exploring approaches to caring for people with dementia. Quality appraisal was conducted using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and NVivo facilitated sensitivity analysis to ensure confidence in the findings.\ud \ud Results\ud Key themes, derived from VIPS, included a number of specific subthemes that examined: infrastructure and care pathways, person-centred approaches to care, how the person interacts with their environment and other patients, and family involvement in care decisions. The synthesis identified barriers to appropriate care for the person with dementia. These include ineffective pathways of care, unsuitable environments, inadequate resources and staffing levels and lack of emphasis on education and training for staff caring for people with dementia.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud This review has identified key issues in the care of people with dementia in the acute setting: improving pathways of care, creating suitable environments, addressing resources and staffing levels and placing emphasis on the education for staff caring for people with dementia. Recommendations are made for practice consideration, policy development and future research. Leadership is required to instil the values needed to care for this client group in an effective and personcentred way. Qualitative evidence synthesis can inform policy and in this case, recommends VIPS as a suitable framework for guiding decisions around care for people with dementia in acute settings.

Aim: To synthetize elements of research on concept analyses of resilience; and to propose a definition of resilience to NANDA International (NANDA-I) and International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®). Background: Nursing classifications represent nursing knowledge that is clinically relevant and in continuous development. Introduction: Nursing is considered holistic and there is always the need to consider human responses to health and life processes. Continuously there are new and emerging concepts concerning humans and health that should be considered within the organization and delivery of health care as resilience. Methods: In March 2015, the authors performed a synthesis of the findings of research concept analysis research derived from a systematic literature search of electronic databases (PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed). Search terms used in the title were: ‘resilience’ AND ‘analysis’ AND ‘concept’. Papers written in Portuguese or English were included. Findings: A total of 27 papers were identified and eight papers were included. Of these, seven papers used Walker & Avant's (2005) model and one used Rodger's (2005) model. Resilience emerged as a fundamental concept across the lifespan that is closely related to health and well-being. Discussion: Resilience is a phenomenon of interest for nurses. Similar attributes, antecedents, consequents and definitions were synthesized into a new proposal of a definition of resilience. While some diagnoses related to resilience are classified in NANDA-I, the concept is not included in ICNP®. Conclusion and implications for nursing and health policy: The inclusion of the concept into ICNP® and the update in NANDA-I is a contribution for nursing knowledge through education and for clinical practice, as this could promote the effectiveness of interventions in several contexts.

目的:2005年から2014年の看護学雑誌におけるメタ統合研究論文を概観し,扱われているテーマや用いられている手法,知見の示し方を明らかにする。方法:CINAHLおよび医学中央雑誌を用い,質的な一次研究論文の知見を統合したメタ統合研究論文66件(英文51件,和文15件)を選定した。結果:出版年別は,英文では「2013年」,和文では「2006年」が最も多かった。掲載雑誌別では,英文では「Journal of Clinical Nursing」,和文では「千葉看護学会会誌」が最も多かった。テーマは6つに分類され,英文では「病気や困難を持つ人やその家族の経験」,和文では「特定の領域における看護実践知」が最も多かった。用いられている手法はNoblit & Hareが英文,和文とも最も多く,英文ではSndelowski & Barosso,和文ではPatersonが多く用いられていた。概念の示し方は,「包括的な概念を創出しようとするもの」が,英文では36件,和文では4件,「包括的な概念を創出し,概念間の関係を時系列や構造として示そうとするもの」が英文では15件,和文では6件であった。和文では「包括的な概念を創出し,概念間に立ち現れる関係性を新たな概念として創出したもの」が5件あった。考察:メタ統合研究は,現象の質的な知見を統合する方法として活用でき,国外において関心が高まっていると考えられた。課題として,統合した概念を実践に適用し検証すること,矛盾や差異の解釈を十分に示しうる手法の開発が考えられた。, Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify themes, methods, and qualitative results of meta-synthesis research innursing journals published between 2005 and 2014.Method: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Igaku Chuo Zassh(i Ichushi-Web) were searched for English and Japanese peer-reviewed articles in nursing journals. Sixty-six studies including 51English articles and 15 Japanese articles, which were synthesized qualitative primary studies, were identified.Results: Most studies were published in 2013 in English, and 2006 in Japanese. The journals which published thelargest number of meta-synthesis studies were ‘Journal of Clinical Nursing' in English, and ‘Journal of Chiba Academyof Nursing Science' in Japanese. The meta-synthesis studies were classified into six themes, the most common of whichwere “people's experience with disease or suffering and family members" in English and “nursing knowledge in specificfields" in Japanese. Concerning the meta-synthesis method, Noblit & Hare's method was most commonly used both inEnglish and Japanese. Additionally, Sandelowski & Barosso's method was often used in English, and Paterson's methodwas often used in Japanese. Thirty-six of the 51 English studies created comprehensive concepts; the other 15 createdcomprehensive concepts and explained the concepts with a timeline or structure. The figures for these theme categoriesin the Japanese journals were four and six respectively. The other five Japanese studies created comprehensive conceptsand identified relationships between the concepts as a new emerged concept.Conclusion: Meta-synthesis research can be utilized as a method to synthesize qualitative knowledge of thevarious phenomena in nursing and has been becoming more prevalent in the past decade in English Journals. However,the concepts which integrate qualitative knowledge should be verified in practice. Additionally, methods of interpretinginconsistencies and dif

目的:2005年から2014年の看護学雑誌におけるメタ統合研究論文を概観し,扱われているテーマや用いられている手法,知見の示し方を明らかにする。方法:CINAHLおよび医学中央雑誌を用い,質的な一次研究論文の知見を統合したメタ統合研究論文66件(英文51件,和文15件)を選定した。結果:出版年別は,英文では「2013年」,和文では「2006年」が最も多かった。掲載雑誌別では,英文では「Journal of Clinical Nursing」,和文では「千葉看護学会会誌」が最も多かった。テーマは6つに分類され,英文では「病気や困難を持つ人やその家族の経験」,和文では「特定の領域における看護実践知」が最も多かった。用いられている手法はNoblit & Hareが英文,和文とも最も多く,英文ではSndelowski & Barosso,和文ではPatersonが多く用いられていた。概念の示し方は,「包括的な概念を創出しようとするもの」が,英文では36件,和文では4件,「包括的な概念を創出し,概念間の関係を時系列や構造として示そうとするもの」が英文では15件,和文では6件であった。和文では「包括的な概念を創出し,概念間に立ち現れる関係性を新たな概念として創出したもの」が5件あった。考察:メタ統合研究は,現象の質的な知見を統合する方法として活用でき,国外において関心が高まっていると考えられた。課題として,統合した概念を実践に適用し検証すること,矛盾や差異の解釈を十分に示しうる手法の開発が考えられた。, Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify themes, methods, and qualitative results of meta-synthesis research innursing journals published between 2005 and 2014.Method: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Igaku Chuo Zassh(i Ichushi-Web) were searched for English and Japanese peer-reviewed articles in nursing journals. Sixty-six studies including 51English articles and 15 Japanese articles, which were synthesized qualitative primary studies, were identified.Results: Most studies were published in 2013 in English, and 2006 in Japanese. The journals which published thelargest number of meta-synthesis studies were ‘Journal of Clinical Nursing' in English, and ‘Journal of Chiba Academyof Nursing Science' in Japanese. The meta-synthesis studies were classified into six themes, the most common of whichwere “people's experience with disease or suffering and family members" in English and “nursing knowledge in specificfields" in Japanese. Concerning the meta-synthesis method, Noblit & Hare's method was most commonly used both inEnglish and Japanese. Additionally, Sandelowski & Barosso's method was often used in English, and Paterson's methodwas often used in Japanese. Thirty-six of the 51 English studies created comprehensive concepts; the other 15 createdcomprehensive concepts and explained the concepts with a timeline or structure. The figures for these theme categoriesin the Japanese journals were four and six respectively. The other five Japanese studies created comprehensive conceptsand identified relationships between the concepts as a new emerged concept.Conclusion: Meta-synthesis research can be utilized as a method to synthesize qualitative knowledge of thevarious phenomena in nursing and has been becoming more prevalent in the past decade in English Journals. However,the concepts which integrate qualitative knowledge should be verified in practice. Additionally, methods of interpretinginconsistencies and dif

Background The family often takes care of an elderly person who suddenly becomes dependent. This greatly affects different aspects of the caregivers’ lives. The aim of this study is to explore the initial experiences, during the first year of care, of persons who suddenly become caregivers for elderly dependent relatives. Methods A search in CINAHL, PsycINFO, WOS, Medline, and Scopus and a metasynthesis of qualitative research were conducted including 19 articles. Results Three categories were developed to explain the process of becoming a caregiver ‘taking on the role’ (life changes, uncertainty and confusion, and acceptance or resistance); ‘beginning to realise’ (new needs, impact, and appraisal); and ‘implementing strategies’ (seeking help and self-learning, reordering family and social relationships, solving problems, and devising strategies to decrease negative emotions and stress). Conclusions The synthesis provides a comprehensive understanding of the experience of becoming a caregiver in order to help health-care professionals to adapt care plans to this situation.

In this research metasynthesis was realized about the uses of photography in psychological research. The objective are: explore, systematize, describe and configure the historic, geographic and institutional constitution; identify theoretical and methodological aspects that subsidize the knowledge produced with the use of photography and interpret the uses of photography in psychological research produced in graduate programs brazilian in psychology. To reach these objectives, four methodological stages developed were, denominated: Exploration, Refinement, Description and Interpretation. For data search has used the Banco de Teses & Dissertações da CAPES and Plataforma Sucupira, from the descriptors: fot* AND Psicologia. In the first part of this study, realized descriptive analysis of 292 documents (230 dissertations and 62 theses) about the categories: academic degree, historic series, geographic and institutional distribution. The data been were related and compared with information about the brazilian graduate programs, available in the georeferencing tool of the CAPES – GeoCAPES. The results show, quantitatively, are more production on the level of the master degree, proportionally to greater quantitative of graduate programs with an offer of this academic degree, including in the area of Psychological. The information’s also indicates that continuous growth and high of the production, whom presents as justification, the expansion of the brazilian graduate programs, verified during the beginning of the past decade (2000-2009). In addition, been identified productions distributed in all the Brazilian regions. The states of São Paulo, in particular, a University of the São Paulo and Pontifical Catholic University of the São Paulo presents greater number of the productions. However, should considered the greater time of the existence of the graduate programs these institutions, aspect that may indicative of the greater number of the productions in these academic venues. In total, been located theses and dissertations arising of the 19 federative units distributed in 42 institutions of the higher education. The second part of this study, realized the interpretative synthesis, moment whereby proceed the qualitative analysis of the 50 theses were been located in full. Corroborated with the traditional literature, when affirm that objective of the photography in Psychology is the attribution of meanings. At context in the works analyzed, identified use as recording, visual stimuli and auto-photographic. Added to these, the use as iconographic collection, when the photographs are redeemed as sources of historical information and, also, the production of imagery contents, for this purpose, aim construction databases, to the validation and update of the projective instrument to the brazilian context or due to third parties copyright images. Finally, the uses as mediator object, when photography is used as a facilitator of dialogue in the process of knowledge construction. At context this use, researchers and interlocutors has access to a multifaceted object: memory support, mediating materiality in the psychotherapeutic attendance and group context, translation work among others. We concludes that the photography, in general, is applied collaborative the other tools because it allows the researcher deepen the knowledge about the object of study. In addition, the photography shows a multifaceted feature can be applied to various types of search: historical analysis, empiric research, ethnography, cartography, etc. Regarding the contributions to the development the metasynthesis, its stands out the advance achieved in this study, into consideration of the historic description and detailed of the analytic corpus of the research. CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Neste estudo realizou-se metassíntese sobre as formas de uso da fotografia na pesquisa em Psicologia. Para tanto, teve como objetivos: explorar, sistematizar, descrever e configurar sua constituição histórica, geográfica e institucional; identificar os aspectos teóricos-metodológicos que subsidiam o conhecimento produzido com o uso da fotografia, e, por fim, interpretar as formas de uso da fotografia como instrumento de pesquisa na pós-graduação brasileira em Psicologia. Para o alcance desses objetivos, desenvolveram-se quatro etapas metodológicas sequencias e complementares, denominadas: Exploração, Refinamento, Descrição e Interpretação. Os dados foram coletados através do Banco de Teses & Dissertações da CAPES junto a Plataforma Sucupira com o uso dos seguintes descritores: fot* AND Psicologia. Na primeira parte da pesquisa, realizou-se a análise descritiva de 292 documentos (230 dissertações e 62 teses), sobre as categorias: nível acadêmico, série história, distribuição geográfica e institucional. Os dados foram então relacionados e comparados com informações a respeito da Pós-graduação brasileira, disponíveis na ferramenta de informações georreferenciadas da CAPES - GeoCAPES. Os resultados demonstram que, do ponto de vista quantitativo, são mais produções no nível do mestrado. Este avanço é proporcional ao maior quantitativo de programas de pós-graduação com oferta desse nível acadêmico, incluindo a área da Psicologia. As informações indicam também, crescimento contínuo e elevado da produção, o qual apresenta como justificativa, a ampliação da pós-graduação no Brasil, verificada no início da década passada (2000-2009). Além disso, identificaram-se produções distribuídas em todas as regiões brasileiras. O estado de São Paulo, em específico, a Universidade de São Paulo e a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo apresentam maior valor quantitativo. Contudo, deve-se considerar o maior tempo de existência dos programas de pós-graduação nessas instituições, aspecto que pode ser indicativo do maior número de produções nesses espaços acadêmicos. No total, foram localizadas teses e dissertações oriundas de 19 unidades federativas, distribuídas em 42 instituições de ensino superior. A segunda parte desta pesquisa corresponde à efetivação da síntese interpretativa, momento em que se procedeu à análise qualitativa das 50 teses que foram localizadas na íntegra. Corrobora-se com a literatura tradicional, no que afirma que o objetivo da fotografia na Psicologia é a atribuição de significados. No âmbito dos trabalhos analisados, identificaram-se as formas de uso como registro, estímulo visual e autofotografia, somadas a função de acervo iconográfico, quando as fotografias são resgatadas como fontes de informações históricas e, também, a produção de conteúdos imagéticos, para a construção de bancos de dados autorais, tendo em vista a validação e atualização de instrumento projetivo ao contexto brasileiro ou devido aos direitos autorais conferidos as imagens produzidas por terceiros. E, por último, a função de objeto mediador, quando a fotografia é utilizada como fonte intermediária que auxilia pesquisadores e interlocutores no processo de construção do conhecimento. No âmbito desta forma de uso, pesquisadores e seus interlocutores tem à disposição um objeto (a fotografia) com diversas funcionalidades: suporte à memória, materialidade mediadora no atendimento individual e grupal, trabalho de tradução, entre outros. Conclui-se que a fotografia, de modo geral, é aplicada em conjunto a outras ferramentas de pesquisa, pois assim, permite aos pesquisadores o aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre o objeto de estudo. Além disso, a fotografia mostra-se um recurso multifacetado, podendo ser aplicada nos mais variados tipos de pesquisa: análise histórica (pessoal ou coletiva), pesquisa empírica, etnografia, cartografia, entre outros. Com relação às contribuições para o desenvolvimento da metassíntese, destaca-se o avanço obtido neste estudo, ao considerar a descrição histórica e pormenorizada do corpo analítico da pesquisa.