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The study examines the root causes of Public Policy implementation failures. It further explores the mechanisms that will ensure successful policy implementation within the public sector. The main objective of the study is to establish and identify the factors that impede the successful implementation of government policies and to identify possible solutions to successfully formulate and implement public policies. The study adopted a conceptual approach relying heavily on secondary data. It is understandable, that the government‘s national and local spheres should want to downplay policy failure and trumpet apparent success, but to do so risks losing an understanding of why failure is so common and how it might be eradicated or at least minimised. The study examines the robust policy design mechanisms. The study seeks to identify significant policy risks and challenges. The study examines the root causes of Public Policy implementation failures. It further explores the mechanisms that will ensure successful policy implementation within the public sector. The main objective of the study is to establish and identify the factors that impede the successful implementation of government policies and to identify possible solutions to successfully formulate and implement public policies. The study adopted a conceptual approach relying heavily on secondary data. It is understandable that the government‘s national and local spheres should want to downplay policy failure and trumpet apparent success, but to do so risks losing an understanding of why failure is so common and how it might be eradicated or at least minimised. The study examines robust policy design mechanisms. The study seeks to identify significant policy risks and challenges. It is evident, that there is an increasing awareness that policies fail on their own merits; rather their progress is dependent upon the process of implementation. To better comprehend how to refine policy support it is first instructive to appreciate the nature of policy failure, logically the reasons why things go wrong should assist to guide the search for possible solutions. Successful policy implementation consists of four determinants, which are policy design, stakeholders, and their involvement, institution, and context as well as the implementation strategy. It is very important to consider these four aspects when executing public policy because this will alleviate policy implantation failures. The study concludes with the mechanisms and solutions of successful policy implementation.

Networked systems widely exist in the modern society, and these systems are always operated in the presence of attacks and errors. The robustness of a network indicates its tolerance against potential damages, which is crucial for the network's normal functionalities. Damage models including malicious attacks and cascading failures have been considered in previous studies. And the mitigation on these two destructive damages has attracted increasing attention, both single-objective and multiobjective optimization techniques are proposed to enhance the robustness of networks. The main weakness of these methods is that the obtained results can only handle one type of damages, either malicious attacks or cascading failures. In this way, multiple independent realizations are evitable to acquire robust candidates against different damages, which omits the inherent complementarities between the optimization of different objectives. Also, the design of networks with comprehensive robustness (CR) against both the two destructive damages is still pendent. For improving the efficiency in optimizing networks considering multiple damage models, in this article, evolutionary multitasking optimization is introduced into the optimization of network robustness. A multifactorial evolutionary algorithm (MFEA) for enhancing the CR of networks, called MFEACR, has been proposed. The algorithm is equipped with several dedicated genetic operators to find networks with robust structures against malicious attacks and cascading failures; meanwhile, the synergy between the optimization of the two objectives is exploited to improve the computational efficiency. Empirical studies demonstrate the competitive performance of MFEA(CR) over existing methods; the efficiency enhancement is remarkable via the simultaneous optimization of multiple objectives.

Mobile devices are well-known communication tools. People, especially young people, cannot go even one step without them. Technological advancements provide better features, but at the same time, such systems still face security risks. Protective layers do exist, but some systems are automated and engineered, while others rely on humans. This work begins with examining some critical points related to the weakest link in the security chain: the human factor. Errors are given in the view of the Swiss Cheese Model by emphasizing the role of latent conditions in “holes”. We found that the Swiss Cheese Model has some limitations. In order to enhance it, we have used the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis risk matrix methodology. Thus, we represent its application on mobile devices to demonstrate that it can give us more accurate results by identifying the most critical points where manufacturers should focus on. This work is based on qualitative data, and it provides the basis for quantitative research. In the end, we suggest that in order to obtain more accurate findings, the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis can be further extended.

Рассмотрены многоуровневые аналитические и аналитико-имитационные модели учета отказов и сбоев при оценке оперативности решения задач в многомашинных вычислительных комплексах (МВК). Описаны принципы функциональной и структурной декомпозиции формализованных моделей МВК с учетом возникающих отказов и сбоев. Рассмотрены математические модели функционирования ресурсов МВК с учетом аппаратных и программных отказов, отвечающие требованиям параметрической настраиваемости. Получены аналитические соотношения для параметрической настройки элементарных моделей, учитывающие механизм влияния на процесс обработки различных типов отказов и сбоев. Получены функциональные уравнения и аналитические соотношения, позволяющие преобразовать многофазную СМО проблемного и системного уровня с ненадежными обслуживающими аппаратами (ОА) в эквивалентную многофазную СМО с надежным ОА. Разработан подход для построения аппроксимирующих функций распределения эквивалентных ОА проблемного уровня, учитывающий механизм процесса обработки заявок при отказах. Разработана методика анализа временных характеристик МВК с учетом надежности элементов системы, которая реализована в виде базисных и интерфейсных параметрически настраиваемых аналитических и имитационных подмоделей., The article describes multilevel analytical and simulation models of faults and failures control in the evaluation of problem-solving efficiency in multi-machine computer complexes (MMC). Functional and structural decomposition principles of formalized models of MPS with failures and malfunctions taken into account are described. Mathematical models of functioning of MPS resources taking into account hardware and software failures that meet the requirements of parameter configurability are reviewed. Analytical relations for parametric tuning of elementary models are obtained, which take into account the mechanism of influence of different types of failures and malfunctions on processing. The functional equations and analytical relations which allow transforming a multiphase problem and system level QS with unreliable operating devices (OA) into an equivalent multiphase QS with reliable OA are derived. An approach for constructing approximating distribution functions of equivalent problem-level OA, which takes into account the mechanism of application processing in case of failures, is designed. A methodology for analysing the time characteristics of MPS with regard to the reliability of system elements is developed, which is implemented in the form of basic and interface parametrically adjustable analytical and simulation submodels., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 5 (131) 2023

Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 5 (131) 2023

A statistical characteristic of the functional failures of forage harvesters during their operation during the working day from the components of the technological system "operator-combine-transport" is obtained. The average duration of the stay of the operator of mobile agricultural machinery in the traumatic zone was established, the damage from the downtime of the forage harvester, due, among other things, to the underutilization of the operator's labor, was calculated. A statistical characteristic of functional failures of forage harvesters during their operation during the working day from the components of the technological system "operator-combine-transport" was obtained. The average duration of the mobile agricultural machinery operator's stay in the injury-prone zone is established, the damage from the downtime of the forage harvester is calculated, due, among other things, to underutilization of the operator's labor. Получена статистическая характеристика функциональных отказов кормоуборочных комбайнов при их эксплуатации в течение рабочего дня от компонентов технологической системы «оператор-комбайн-транспорт». Установлена средняя продолжительность нахождения оператора мобильной сельскохозяйственной техники в травмоопасной зоне, рассчитан ущерб от простоя кормоуборочного комбайна, обусловленный, в том числе, от недоиспользования труда оператора.

El presente proyecto de investigación en curso se denomina “FALLAS PROCEDIMENTALES EN EL EJERCICIO DE LAS CAPTURAS EN FLAGRANCIA POR PARTE DE LA POLICIA NACIONAL”, que busca determinar cuáles son los factores generadores, en el cual admiten que un procedimiento sea declarado ilegal por parte de un juez de la república. Lo que pretende esta investigación es evidenciar, las fallas inmersas dentro de la actuación de la aprehensión, que nacen con la disposición que tiene el Estado, a través de la Fiscalía General de la Nación, de Direccionar dicha investigación, por hechos puestos en conocimiento por parte de la Policía de Vigilancia. Frente a esta problemática, lo que nos importa abordar, es el estudio, que identifique las fallas recurrentes, en el que ha incurrido el personal policial en el momento de realizar una captura en flagrancia, de personas involucradas en la comisión del delito, en el evento que sean capturadas por parte de la Policía de Vigilancia, y sean promulgadas como ilegales por parte de los Fiscales y Jueces de la Republica. The present research project is called "PROCEDURAL FAULTS IN THE EXERCISE OF CAPTURINGS IN FLAGRANCY BY THE NATIONAL POLICE", which seeks to determine which are the generating factors, which allow a procedure to be declared illegal by a judge of the republic. The purpose of this research is to evidence the failures immersed within the action of the apprehension, which are born with the disposition that the State has, through the Attorney General's Office of the Nation, to direct such investigation, for facts brought to the attention of the Surveillance Police. Faced with this problem, what we want to address is the study that identifies the recurring failures in which the police personnel have incurred at the time of making a capture in flagrante delicto, of persons involved in the commission of the crime, in the event that they are captured by the Surveillance Police, and are promulgated as illegal by the Prosecutors and Judges of the Republic. Especialista en Derecho Administrativo http://www.ustavillavicencio.edu.co/home/index.php/unidades/extension-y-proyeccion/investigacion Especialización

Svaki veliki sustav trebao bi prepoznati i znati upravljati svojim rizicima. Problem istraživanja u ovom radu su kvarovi na kontejnerskim dizalicama, jer je za obalne dizalice u procesu prekrcaja na kontejnerskom terminalu izuzetno važno prepoznati kritične kvarove i pridati im pozornost prilikom redovnog odnosno preventivnog održavanja. Da bi se operativni proces prekrcaja na terminalu odvijao bez zastoja uz osiguranje sigurnosti osoblja te na vrijeme prepoznali kvarovi koji predstavljaju najveći rizik može poslužiti metoda analize oblika i efekata kvarova, koja je odabrana za rješenje problema procjene rizika u ovom radu. Provedeno je anketno ispitivanje osoba koji rade na kontejnerskom terminalu riječke luke o vrsti i učestalosti pojedinih kvarova na obalnim dizalicama. Potom je za svaki kvar ocijenjena razina ozbiljnosti, učestalosti i otkrivanja, na temelju čega su izračunom veličine prioriteta rizika isti rangirani. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da najveći rizik ima fizičko oštećenje sajli dok je najmanji rizik predstavljaju neispravne nauglice kontejnera. Ovakav način istraživanja može doprinijeti budućem pravovremenom planiranju održavanja i preventivnog otklanjanja kvarova u svrhu neometanog odvijanja prekrcajnog procesa., Every large system should recognize and know how to manage its risks. The research problem in this paper is failures on container cranes, since it is extremely important, for quay cranes in the process of transhipment at the container terminal, to recognize critical failures and pay attention to them during regular or preventive maintenance. In order that the operational transhipment process at the terminal run efficiently, while ensuring the safety of staff and to identify failures that pose the greatest risk in a timely manner, the method of analyzing the forms and effects of failures can be used. This method is recognized as appropriate for solving the problem of risk assessment in this paper and also contributes to their controlling. A survey of operators working at the container terminal of the Port of Rijeka was conducted, on the type and frequency of individual failures on shore cranes. The level of severity, frequency and detection was then assessed for each failure, on the basis of which they were ranked by calculating the size of the risk priorities. This method of research can contribute to the future timely planning of maintenance and preventive troubleshooting for the purpose of uninterrupted transhipment process.

Presence of uncertainties caused by unforeseen malfunctions in actuation or measurement systems or changes in aircraft behaviour could lead to aircraft loss-of-control during flight. This paper considers sparse online Gaussian Processes (GP) adaptive augmentation for Incremental Backstepping (IBKS) flight control. IBKS uses angular accelerations and control deflections to reduce the dependency on the aircraft model. However, it requires knowledge of the relationship between inner and outer loops and control effectiveness. Proposed indirect adaptation significantly reduces model dependency. Global uniform ultimate boundness is proved for the resultant GP adaptive IBKS. Conducted research shows that if the input-affine property is violated, e.g., in severe conditions with a combination of multiple failures, the IBKS can lose stability. Meanwhile, the proposed sparse GP-based estimator provides fast online identification and the resultant controller demonstrates improved stability and tracking performance.

Baena Mora & Cia es una compañía colombiana dedicada a la fabricación de calzado y marroquinería masculina, para este fin cuenta con una amplia gama de maquinaria, parte de las cuales constituyen la línea de acondicionamiento térmico, que está distribuida a lo largo de todo el proceso convirtiéndose en equipos indispensables para el proceso de fabricación de los artículos. Actualmente la empresa viene desarrollando un mantenimiento correctivo, generando paradas inesperadas de la maquinaria, haciendo que la empresa no cumpla con las cuotas de producción establecidas y deba incurrir en sobrecostos como lo son horas extras para dar cumplimiento a los compromisos productivos generando así pérdidas económicas e inconformidades con sus clientes. Por consiguiente el presente trabajo tiene como finalidad proponer la implementación de un plan de mantenimiento preventivo con el fin de reducir y controlar las fallas presentadas en los equipos y disminuir las pérdidas por inactividad de estos. En este proyecto se realizó el reconocimiento del funcionamiento y estado actual de la maquinaria en estudio, que consta de 13 equipos entre hornos, chillers y vaporizadores, desarrollando un análisis de Pareto se reconoció la maquinaria crítica de este grupo de máquinas, para las cuales se aplicó el análisis AMEF y la metodología de causa y efecto de los 5 ¿Por qué?, siendo esta la base para el planteamiento de rutinas de mantenimiento preventivo las cuales se realizarán según el diseño del cronograma de actividades establecido a un año. Finalmente se desarrolló el análisis de costos y beneficios de la implementación del plan de mantenimiento diseñado, siendo relevante que el valor de esta implementación representa aproximadamente un 0.16% del costo total de intervenciones de mantenimiento del periodo anterior periodo el cual abarcó del mes octubre del 2021 al mes de octubre del 2022. Este plan de mantenimiento permitirá disminuir gradualmente las posibles averías existentes en los equipos, el incremento de los tiempos de operación en las máquinas y la reducción de los costos de operación. Baena Mora & Cia is a Colombian company dedicated to the manufacturing of men's footwear and leather goods. For this purpose it has a wide range of machinery, one of which is the thermal conditioning line, machines which are distributed across all lines of production becoming indispensable equipment for the manufacturing process of the articles. Currently, the company is implementing corrective maintenance, causing unexpected shutdowns of the machinery. This partial stoppage of the production line where the equipment is located means that the company does not comply with the established production costs, and must incur additional costs due to working overtime to comply with production commitments, generating economic losses and non-compliance with their customers. Therefore, the present work has the purpose of proposing the implementation of a preventive maintenance plan in order to reduce and control the faults presented in the equipment and to reduce those lost due to inactivity. In this project, the analysis of the functioning and current state of the machinery in the studio is carried out, which are 13 pieces of equipment between ovens, chillers, and vaporizers. Developing a Pareto analysis, the critical machinery of this group of machines were recognized, for which they applied the AMEF analysis and the methodology of cause and effect the 5 Whys. This being the basis for the approach of preventive maintenance routines which will be carried out according to the design of the schedule of activities established for one year. Finally, the cost and benefit analysis of the implementation of the designed maintenance plan was developed, it being relevant that the value of this implementation represents approximately 0.16% of the total cost of maintenance interventions in the previous period, the period which covers the month of October 2021 to the month of October 2022. This system will gradually reduce the possible faults existing in the equipment, increase the operating times of the machines and reduce operating costs. Ingeniero Mecánico http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co Pregrado

H Πολλαπλή Σκλήρυνση είναι μία χρόνια αυτοάνοση και νευροεκφυλιστική νόσος η οποία επηρεάζει 2,8 εκατομμύρια ασθενείς παγκοσμίως, ενώ τα τελευταία χρόνια παρατηρείται αύξηση του επιπολασμού της. O κλινικός φαινότυπος και η ενεργότητα της νόσου χαρακτηρίζουν τον τύπο της ΠΣ, η οποία διαχωρίζεται σε υποτροπιάζουσα ή προοδευτική και μπορεί να είναι ενεργή ή μη. Η ακριβής αιτία της Πολλαπλής Σκλήρυνσης δεν έχει διευκρινιστεί γεγονός που δυσχεραίνει την εύρεση θεραπείας. Ωστόσο τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει γίνει ιδιαίτερη πρόοδος στη θεραπευτική της ΠΣ και πλέον είναι αρκετές αγωγές εγκεκριμένες οι οποίες στοχεύουν στην τροποποίηση της φυσικής πορείας της νόσου. Από την άλλη μεριά, μεγάλος αριθμός υπο δοκιμή φαρμάκων αποτυγχάνει στις κλινικές μελέτες της ΠΣ. Από αυτές τις αποτυχίες προκύπτουν αρκετές γνώσεις τόσο για την παθοφυσιολογία της ΠΣ και για την ανάπτυξη φαρμάκων με νέους μηχανισμούς δράσεις όσο για τον σχεδιασμό των επόμενων μελετών. Η αποτυχία μπορεί να διαχωριστεί σε κλινική (μη αποτελεσματικότητα, επιδείνωση της νόσου ή/και μη αποδεκτό προφίλ ασφάλειας) και σε εμπορική, όπου παρά τα θετικά αποτελέσματα των ερευνών το κλινικό πρόγραμμα διακόπτεται για λόγους όπως η έλλειψη χρηματοδότησης. Σκοπός της συγκεκριμένης εργασίας είναι η καταγραφή δραστικών ουσιών οι οποίες δοκιμάστηκαν στην ΠΣ αλλά δεν είχαν τα αναμενόμενα θετικά αποτελέσματα. Από την αναζήτηση της βιβλιογραφίας προέκυψαν 87 μόρια για το διάστημα 1971 έως 2020 για τα οποία παρατίθενται ο σχεδιασμός των κλινικών δοκιμών και οι πιθανοί λόγοι αποτυχίας., Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease that affects 2.8 million patients worldwide with a trend for a steady increase in prevalence over the last years. The clinical phenotype and the disease activity characterize the type of MS which is divided into relapsing or progressive and may be active or not. The exact aetiology of Multiple Sclerosis has not been clarified which is an obstacle towards treatment development. However, in recent years, there is great progress in the treatment of MS and currently there are several DMTs available that alter the natural course of the disease. On the other hand, there has been a remarkable number of therapeutic failures as well. Amongst the lessons learned from failed clinical trials are new hypotheses regarding the disease pathophysiology and the development of experimental agents with new proposed mechanism of action, along with tips for the subsequent clinical trials’ design as well. Failures can be divided into clinical failures if a compound failed to meet the primary study endpoint, worsen the disease, or/and exhibited safety issues and commercials if an agent met the primary endpoint but failed to progress to a subsequent clinical trial because of the pharmaceutical company’s decisions. The aim of this study review is to summarize trials on MS since 1970 that have either failed or have been interrupted for various reasons. The literature search revealed 87 compounds for the period 1971 to 2020 for which the design of clinical trials and possible reasons for failure are outlined.

Distributed systems designers typically strive to improve performance and preserve availability despite failures or attacks; but, when strong consistency is also needed, they encounter fundamental limitations. The bottleneck is in replica coordination, which is impacted by partitions and slowdowns that can occur anywhere. We believe the present ecosystem fails to recognize that not all failures and partitions are supposed to be equal - at least from a user-centric performance and availability standpoint. Failures distant from a user should intuitively be less likely to affect that user. Today's ecosystem fails this test, however, despite high-availability best practices. For example, correlated and cascading failures, caused by misconfiguration, bugs, and network partitions, often invalidate the cloud's assumptions of failure independence. Likewise, large-scale or accurately targeted routing or denial of service attacks can slow or halt a distributed ledger or compromise its security. We believe that distributed systems designers and practitioners can and should build reliable, responsive systems by making Lamport exposure and asynchrony central design considerations. We propose that distributed services need not and should not expose local activities to distant failures or partitions, no matter how severe. Limix is the first exposure-limiting metadata configuration service that addresses this problem. Limix insulates global strongly-consistent data-plane services and objects from remote failures and partitions by ensuring that the definitive, strongly-consistent metadata for every object is always confined to the same zone as the object itself. Nyle is a trust-but-verify distributed ledger architecture that limits transaction exposure. While employing similar design principles as Limix, Nyle additionally supports an environment with Byzantine nodes and potentially compromised regions with an elevated presence of attackers, and enables asymmetric user trust preferences. Both Limix and Nyle outperform related work in terms of availability, at a manageable overhead. We also demonstrate, through the design of QSC, that consensus protocols can deal with network asynchrony without relying on common coins, having the potential to make consensus more responsive and more practical.

The distribution agents of electrical energy have a commitment with the end customers to comply with certain reliability indices in order to guarantee the quality of the service they provide, among these, one of the most important is to maintain continuity in the electrical supply. This article presents a methodology with a possible application to real electrical distribution systems for calculating the level of unserved energy through the use of the concepts of operational zones and unavailability, through the analysis of failures in each of the different lines. and subsequent outages that occur in the test system. Different scenarios and configurations are evaluated by varying the position of reclosers and fuses in order to present the results and the corresponding conclusions.

ilustraciones, diagramas En el presente documento se explica el proceso de desarrollo de un modelo para detección y aislamiento de fallos (FDI ) en una red de termopares mediante técnicas basadas en datos. El documento inicia describiendo generalidades del funcionamiento de la planta, conceptos básicos sobre termopares, definición de FDI, su relevancia en la planta y el modo en que este se desarrolla actualmente, lo cual abre paso a la identificación del problema y el planteamiento de los objetivos. El desarrollo del proyecto se divide en 4 etapas, iniciando con el reconocimiento del conjunto de datos disponibles, seguido de un estudio de métricas obtenidas a partir del conjunto de datos y su relación con estados de fallo o normalidad en los termopares, establecimiento de una metodología para el entrenamiento de modelos basados en datos y los resultados obtenidos de su aplicación. El documento finaliza con la determinación de parámetros para la construcción un modelo basado en datos que muestra una precisión superior al 76 %, según pruebas de validación aplicadas, entre otras conclusiones obtenidas del desarrollo del presente proyecto. (Texto tomado de la fuente) The present document explains the development process of a fault detection and isolation (FDI) model for a thermocouple network by data-driven techniques. The begins by describing plant’s functioning generals, thermocouples’ basic concepts, FDI definition, its relevance for the plant and how it is currently performed, which allows the problem’s identification and objectives definition. The project’s development divides into 4 stages, starting by a reconnaissance of available data, followed by a study of metrics obtained from the data set and their linkage to thermocouple’s in fail or normality statuses, establishment of a methodology for training data-driven models and its results. The document finalizes by determining the parameters for the constructions of a data-driven model showing an accuracy over 76 %, according to applied validation tests, among other conclusions from the development of the present project. El presente trabajo fue realizado dentro del marco de la colaboración entre la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y Cerro Matoso S.A, financiada por el Ministerio Colombiano de Ciencia mediante la convocatoria 786: “Convocatoria para el registro de proyectos que aspiran a obtener beneficios tributarios por inversi´on en CTel“. La totalidad de los registros empleados en el presente proyecto son de carácter privado y pertenecen a Cerro Matoso S.A. Dichos registros no pueden ser publicados, compartidos o reproducidos total o parcialmente sin el conocimiento y expresa autorización de Cerro Matoso S.A. Maestría Magíster en Ingeniería - Automatización Industrial

Objetivo: o objetivo geral desta pesquisa consistiu em avaliar a influência de falhas e ações de recuperação de falhas, na percepção da qualidade, satisfação e lealdade de clientes bancários.Metodologia: os dados foram obtidos por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa, caracterizada como descritiva, de corte transversal e de método survey. O tratamento dos dados ocorreu por meio de análise descritiva, em seguida foram realizados os testes de confiabilidade Alpha de Cronbach, Confiabilidade Composta e Variância Média Extraída. Posteriormente foi realizada a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais por meio do software Smart PLS, com o objetivo de verificar a relação entre os construtos do modelo e testar as hipóteses.Principais resultados: os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam relações positivas entre os construtos apresentados, exceto nas relações entre Gravidade da Falha e Qualidade. Assim, os achados demonstram que não se pode pensar em qualidade sem se considerar a importância da recuperação de falhas para os serviços oferecidos.Contribuições metodológicas: este trabalho contribui para a observação da influência de falhas e ações de recuperação de falhas, na percepção da qualidade, satisfação e lealdade de clientes bancários.Relevância: dada a natureza do serviço bancário, os problemas na prestação de serviços são esperados e eventuais falhas são inevitáveis, e, com isso, os resultados podem gerar insatisfação. Para manter clientes satisfeitos e leais às instituições, fazem-se necessárias ações de recuperação de falhas. Objective: The objective is to assess the influence of failure recovery in the perception of quality, satisfaction and loyalty of banking customers.Methodology: Descriptive, quantitative, survey, with a SERVPERF scale for measuring quality, considering the severity of the failure and the recovery from failure (distributive, procedural and interactional justice), as well as consumer satisfaction and loyalty (attitudinal and behavioral). Reliability tests and statistical techniques based on Structural Equation Modeling, using the Smart PLS software, were adopted to verify the relationship between the model's constructs and the testing of the hypotheses.Results: The results show significant relationships between the model's constructs, except for the direct relationships between Failure Severity and Quality, demonstrating that the effect of the failures can be mitigated by recovery actions. Interactional justice is confirmed in the customer's contact with the organization, at the time of failure recovery.Theoretical / methodological contributions: The findings increase the understanding of the adequacy of the model with an integrated view regarding the failure severity and its influence on the requirements for recovery, quality, satisfaction and loyalty. The research contributes to the management of banking services in Brazil.Originality / Relevance: This article presents an integrated view, which is reflected in a theoretical model of how the failure severity and the actions of its recovery influence the assessment of quality, and show themselves as a form of justice, bringing satisfaction and loyalty to banking customers in Brazil.

The steels of pipelines for the transport of hydrocarbons are stressed by damage phenomena, particularly by corrosion by soils. After detection of these failures by non-destructive testing such as ultrasound or by magnetic flux, the remaining time must be evaluated by a probabilistic approach. This work consists in evaluating the remaining service life of corroded pipes by Weibull approach over a distance of 70km from the Gaz pipeline Hassi R’Mle - Arzew. Inspection results showed peak corrosion depths with a rate of 10-30% of the thickness and two areas damaged by corrosion with a rate exceeding more than 70%. The different reliability parameters namely reliability function, failure function, failure rate, rated life from MATLAB computer code were also determined and discussed., {"references":["F. Foct,J.M. Gras, Semi-empirical model for carbon steel corrosion in long term geological nuclear waste disposal, Actes du colloque Prediction of long term corrosion behaviour in Nuclear Wastes System, Cadarache, France, EFC series 36(2003), pp 91-102","F.Papillon, M. Jullien,C.Bataillon, Carbon steel in compacted clay : Two long term tests for corrosion prediction, Actes du colloque Prediction of long term corrosion behaviour in Nuclear Wastes System, Cadarache, France, EFC series 36(2003),, pp 439-454","R.L. Starkey, K.M. Wight, Anaerobic corrosion of iron in soil, Amer. Gas Assoc. Tech. Rept. Distrib. Comm., New York, (1945), p.108","J.Chivot, Sélection de données thermodynamiques concernant le système Fe-H2O, CEA/FAR SCECF, RT-SCECF 481.(1998)","J. Chivot, Sélection de données thermodynamiques concernant le système Fe-CO2-H2O et Ca-CO2-H2O - diagramme E-pH du système Fe-CO2-H2O en fonction de la température, CEA/SCECF, RT-SCECF 506. (1999a)","J. Chivot, Les diagrammes E-pH révisés du système fer-H2O en fonction de la température, CEA/SCECF, RT-SCECF 496.(1999b)","M.ROMANOFF,Underground corrosion, Circular 579 - PB-168350, National Bureau of Standards, Springfield VA : National Technical Information Service, 1957, p 227","R.L. Starkey, K.M. Wight, Anaerobic corrosion of iron in soil, Amer. Gas Assoc. Tech. Rept. Distrib. Comm., New York, (1945), p.108","C. Booth, A. Cooper, P. Cooper, Criteria of soil aggressiveness towards buried metals. II. 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Traisnel, Corrosion Study of API 5L X60 Gas Pipelines Steels in NS4 Simulated Soil, integrity of pipelines transporting hydrocarbons, NATO science for peace and security, DOI 10. 1007/978–94–007–0588-3_12,Springer sciences (2011), pp 167-181","Amarnath, Upadhyay, S.N, Namboodhiri, T.K.G,, « Effect of thermal and mechanical treatments on corrosion of API X-52 grade pipeline steel in flozing 3.5% NaCl solution, Indian Journal of Chemichal Technology, (2003)p. 611-614","BELAID Salim, Analyse de la fiabilité de l'acier API 5L X60 Pour pipelines corrodés modèle basé sur le critère B31G, mémoire du magister Université Abou BekrBelkaid Tlemcen, 03 mars (2008)","ShuXinLi ,Shu - YuRong Hai Long Zeng , Jian - Hua Li , RuiLiang, Prévision de la durée de vie restante des structures de pipelines enterrés, Revue des Sciences de pétrole et de génie , Volume 65 , Issues 3-4 , Avril (2009),P 162-16","R. Mohamed, A. Abdelaziz, B.Abdrrahim,Etude mécano fiabiliste sur le comportement en corrosion Localisée des aciers API -5L- X60 pour le gazoduc GZ1 : Modèle basé sur la ténacité) MMR31article amirat SITEM (2009)Tlemcen Algerie","AFNOR X 06-501 du 2 novembre 1977","M. Boumeddane « Impact De La Fiabilité Sur Les Equipements Industriels(Etude De Cas Au Niveau Denitex) » Mémoire Magister université de Tlemcen 2011-2012","F. Monchy , Maintenance, méthode et Organisation , édition\"Usine Nouvelle\", Paris, 2004","M.Hafif, M. Meddah, - rapport d'expertise sur canalisation du gazoduc GZ1 40'', SONATRACH-DRC, Arzew, 2000","A.Oulhadj, B.Haddad, S.Ould Ali, Inspection par racleur instrumenté des canalisations de transport d'hydrocarburescentre de conventions d'Oran, avril (2012)"]}

Integrative review to analyze the main complications, in the medium and long term, resulting from the insertion technique of the PICC.

S povečanjem digitalizacije se je glede na statistične podatke nakupovanje izdelkov pri mnogih potrošnikih preselilo na splet. Spletno okolje pa od ponudnikov storitev zahteva prilagajanje že ustaljenih praks, kot so strategije okrevanja. Slednje pomagajo razreševati napake, s katerimi se med storitvijo soočijo potrošniki. V fizičnem okolju se proces odvija interaktivno, iz oči v oči, zato je prilagajanje potrošnikom v procesu okrevanja precej lažje, spletno okolje pa po drugi strani v tem procesu ponuja svoje prednosti in slabosti. V diplomskem delu smo se tako v empiričnem delu spraševali o razlikah med fizično storitvijo in spletno storitvijo, o značilnostih spletnih trgovin, napakah in strategijah okrevanja v spletnem okolju ter o teoriji pravičnosti, s katero potrošniki najpogosteje ocenjujejo strategije okrevanja. Na podlagi izsledkov preteklih raziskav smo v sklopu teoretskega dela razvili posodobljen model povratne zanke, ki prikazuje prilagojene korake za razvijanje programa strategij okrevanja v e-storitvah. Empirični del raziskovalne naloge temelji na anketnem vprašalniku, na katerega je odgovorilo 372 potrošnikov iz Slovenije. Raziskava je dokazala, da lahko potrošnike v primeru blage napake razdelimo v štiri in v primeru resne napake v tri segmente ter na podlagi segmentov opredelimo njihova temeljna pričakovanja do strategije okrevanja, komunikacije v procesu okrevanja in kanala, prek katerega poteka okrevanje napake. According to statistics, the purchasing of products has moved online for many consumers with the increase of digitization. The online environment, however, requires service providers to adapt established practices such as recovery strategies. The latter helps resolve failures encountered by consumers during the service. In a physical environment, the process takes place interactively, face-to-face, so adapting to consumers in the recovery process is much easier. In contrast, the online environment, on the other hand, offers its advantages and disadvantages in this process. In the thesis, in the empirical part, we questioned the differences between physical service and online service, the characteristics of online stores, failures and recovery strategies in the online environment, and the justice theory, with which consumers most often evaluate recovery strategies. Based on the results of past research, we have developed an updated feedback loop model as part of the theoretical work, which shows adapted steps for developing a program of recovery strategies in online services. The empirical part of the research study is based on a survey questionnaire answered by 372 consumers from Slovenia. The research proved that consumers could be divided into four segments in the case of a minor failure and three in the case of a severe failure. Based on the segmentation, we can define the basic expectations of each segment regarding the recovery strategy, communication in the recovery process and the channel through which the failure recovery takes place.

U završnom radu su opisani standardni kvarovi koji se mogu pojaviti na trofaznim asinkronim motorima, te je glavni dio rada usmjeren na standardne metode ispitivanja koje se obavljaju na spomenutim motorima. Primjena standardnih metoda ispitivanja trofaznih asinkronih motora uvelike pomaže kontroli te pravovremenom reagiranju na moguće kvarove koji se mogu pojaviti na spomenutim motorima. U radu je spomenuto 14 dijagnostičkih metoda, no važno je napomenuti da to nisu sve moguće metode te da ih je još puno našlo primjenu u dijagnosticiranju kvarova motora. Metode se razlikuju u mnogo aspekata, ali najvažnija razlika između svih je razina jednostavnosti izvođenja te dobivena točnost. This final thesis describes standard malfunctions that may appear with a three-phase asynchronous motor and the main part of the thesis is directed to the standard methods of testing which can be performed on said motors. The use of the standard methods in three-phase asynchronous motor testing helps greatly in control and in timely response to possible malfunctions that may appear on said motors. This thesis mentions fourteen diagnostic methods, but it is important to note that not all diagnostic methods are mentioned and that many of them may find their use in diagnosing motor malfunctions. Methods differ in multiple aspects, but the most important difference is the level of simplicity of execution and accuracy.

PURPOSE: The integration of auto-segmentation and automated treatment planning methods on a fast-rotating O-ring linac may improve the time efficiency of online adaptive radiotherapy workflows. This study investigates whether automated treatment planning of prostate SBRT with focal boosting on the O-ring linac could generate plans that are of similar quality as those obtained through manual planning on clinical C-arm linacs. METHODS: For 20 men with prostate cancer, reference treatment plans were generated on a TrueBeam STx C-arm linac with HD120 MLC and a TrueBeam C-arm linac with Millennium 120 MLC using 6 MV flattened dual arc VMAT. Manual planning on the Halcyon fast-rotating O-ring linac was performed using 6 MV FFF dual arc VMAT (HA2-DL10) and triple arc VMAT (HA3-DL10) to investigate the performance of the dual-layer MLC system. Automated planning was performed for triple arc VMAT on the Halcyon linac (ET3-DL10) using the automated planning algorithms of Ethos Treatment Planning. The prescribed dose was 35 Gy to the prostate and 30 Gy to the seminal vesicles in five fractions. The iso-toxic focal boost to the intraprostatic tumor nodule(s) was aimed to receive up to 50 Gy. Plan deliverability was verified using portal image dosimetry measurements. RESULTS: Compared to the C-arm linacs, ET3-DL10 shows increased seminal vesicles PTV coverage (D99% ) and reduced high-dose spillage to the bladder (V37Gy ) and urethra (D0.035cc ) but this came at the cost of increased high-dose spillage to the rectum (V38Gy ) and a higher intermediate dose spillage (D2cm). No statistically significant differences were found when benchmarking HA2-DL10 and HA3-DL10 with the C-arm linacs. All plans passed the patient-specific QA tolerance limit. CONCLUSIONS: Automated planning of prostate SBRT with focal boosting on the fast-rotating O-ring linac is feasible and achieves similar plan quality as those obtained on clinical C-arm linacs using manual planning. ispartof: Journal Of Applied Clinical Medical Physics vol:22 issue:9 ispartof: location:United States status: Published online

Integratie review to analyze the main complications, in the medium and long term, resulting from the insertion technique of the PICC

Some studies that analyze the risk of dam failures estimate that between 2016 and 2025 about 30 major tragedies should be expected. Failure records between 1900 and 2014 indicate that there is an average of three ruptures every two years, considering only the failures that were officially registered and investigated. It can be said that the potential for dam failures will be driven by the economy, since cost has been the main variable considered in the design, construction, operation, monitoring and closing plan of these structures. As companies reduce investments in maintenance, risk management and failure prevention, there is an incentive for economic recovery, competitiveness of product value and debt reduction, required by investors. The result has been a decrease in specialized labor, to the point that companies no longer have sufficient knowledge about the engineering and operational skills that apply to tailings and water management. Learning from the dams’ tragedies is practically non-existent, in Brazil and worldwide, leading to catastrophic environmental and social consequences. Failures will occur as long as they are viewed and treated as unpredictable, thereby lacking risk management. The proposed risk management method, presented in this paper, considers the information of inspection and instrumentation, identifying risks from event trees, separately, intolerable, tolerable and acceptable risks. The intolerable risks are conducted for FMEA-type failure analysis, where severe, intermediate and mild failures are assessed. The objective is to enable the development of an assertive and effective action plan for dam safety management.

Resumo A investigação criminal deve ser eficiente na tarefa de identificar autores de crimes e fornecer elementos para o início da ação penal, sem, todavia, violar os direitos dos suspeitos. Os procedimentos policiais adotados atualmente em inquéritos policiais são simplistas, sobretudo em investigações relativas à criminalidade de rua, geralmente direcionadas a obter confissões dos suspeitos e depoimentos de testemunhas. As falhas de procedimento, em geral, surgem com a Polícia, se mantém com o Ministério Público e produzem seus efeitos mais dramáticos com a decisão judicial, especialmente nos casos em que a vítima é convidada para um ato de reconhecimento formal do suspeito. Essa realidade motivou, no Brasil, a mudança do entendimento do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, que passou a exigir o cumprimento fiel das disposições do Código de Processo Penal. O próximo passo na correção de tais erros depende de uma transformação da rotina policial, com a fiscalização do Ministério Público e a rejeição da prova ilícita pelo juiz, por meio da adoção de critérios que imprimam racionalidade ao procedimento policial, por meio da apropriação do conhecimento científico acumulado sobre a dinâmica dos reconhecimentos equivocados. Abstract The criminal investigation must be efficient in the task of identifying criminal offenders and providing elements for the prosecution, without, however, violating the rights of those suspects. The police procedures currently adopted in police investigations are oversimplified, especially in investigations related to street crime, which usually focused on obtaining confessions of suspects and witness statements. Failures of police procedure are endorsed by the criminal prosecutor and produce their most dramatic effects with a judicial decision, mainly in the cases in which the victim of the crime is invited to a formal identification of the suspect. This framework motivated, in Brazil, the Superior Court of Justice to overrule an old precedent, in order to, from then on, demand the faithful fulfillment of the rules of the Criminal Procedure Code. The following steps in correcting such errors depend, however, on a transformation of the police procedures, on prosecutors overseeing this police work, and on the adoption of exclusionary rules by the judges. Furthermore, they must rely on scientific knowledge of the dynamics of mistaken identifications.

A investigação criminal deve ser eficiente na tarefa de identificar autores de crimes e fornecer elementos para o início da ação penal, sem, todavia, violar os direitos dos suspeitos. Os procedimentos policiais adotados atualmente em inquéritos policiais são simplistas, sobretudo em investigações relativas à criminalidade de rua, geralmente direcionadas a obter confissões dos suspeitos e depoimentos de testemunhas. As falhas de procedimento, em geral, surgem com a Polícia, se mantém com o Ministério Público e produzem seus efeitos mais dramáticos com a decisão judicial, especialmente nos casos em que a vítima é convidada para um ato de reconhecimento formal do suspeito. Essa realidade motivou, no Brasil, a mudança do entendimento do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, que passou a exigir o cumprimento fiel das disposições do Código de Processo Penal. O próximo passo na correção de tais erros depende de uma transformação da rotina policial, com a fiscalização do Ministério Público e a rejeição da prova ilícita pelo juiz, por meio da adoção de critérios que imprimam racionalidade ao procedimento policial, por meio da apropriação do conhecimento científico acumulado sobre a dinâmica dos reconhecimentos equivocados.

The troubleshooting process for communication links in telecommunications is a complex process that is divided into sub-processes; one of these sub-processes is Failure Repair. In this paper, Lean Six Sigma is applied in to improve this sub-process. As a result, the monthly average of the Repair Time (TR) improved in 36.7%, and the Repair Time Yield (YTR) improved in 300.08%., En telecomunicaciones, el proceso de resolución de averías en enlaces de comunicaciones es un proceso complejo que contiene subprocesos, uno de los cuales es el de Reparación. En el siguiente estudio de investigación se aplicó Lean Six Sigma para mejorar dicho subproceso. Como resultado se obtuvo una mejora de 36.7% en el promedio mensual del Tiempo de Reparación (TR) y de 300.08% del Yield del Tiempo de Reparación (YTR).

In general, there are many types of electrical rotating machines and transformers within various classes of power range and duty cycles. These machines are operated under either industrial or civil conditions. It is a matter of fact that every machine can eventually fail and both damage and losses can occur. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate failure rates and their distribution over certain types of electrical machines and their subsystems. This paper presents an analysis based on the publicly available data, summarizes and compares results obtained from the studies which have been carried out in the past years. In this paper, important machines' subsystems in terms of failure rate are identified. The failure rate is presented in examples. The cause and location of the faults are discussed. Furthermore, this paper suggests general possible procedures for failure elimination or mitigation of the risks. Outcomes of this paper may be important in the field of maintenance, diagnostics and testing, project management and asset management.

Con la implementación de la Ley 142 (1991) se faculta a la ciudadanía a decidir libremente la empresa que le prestará sus servicios públicos domiciliarios. En el municipio de Montelíbano desde el año 2013, la población en relación con el servicio de recolección de basura y limpieza de los espacios públicos ha intentado ejercer ese derecho de elección; no obstante, la empresa prestadora del servicio de energía vincula al usuario automáticamente a la entidad prestadora del servicio de recolección de basura con la cual tienen convenio, impidiendo así que cada usuario pueda hacer uso de la libertad otorgada por la ley 142 de 1991. Para el año 2015 se tenían más de mil solicitudes donde todos los usuarios requerían un mismo fin, y era de lograr una desvinculación, haciendo uso de la libertad otorgada por la ley. (jorge, 2015). La característica principal de este plan de trabajo va enmarcada en las libertades otorgadas por la ley 142 de 1994 para que cada usuario pueda decidir en el evento donde varias empresas presten el servicio, cuál sería la empresa que libremente quiera tomar cada usuario. Para analizar esta problemática se deben observar los obstáculos que se presentan o impiden hacer el libre uso de dichas facultades que son otorgadas a cada usuario en la ley de la manera más directa posible y es con el seguimiento continuo de los casos de solicitudes de desvinculación para que de esta manera se pueda tener claridad en base a los argumentos emitidos para rechazar dichas solicitudes. INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................... 3 OBJETIVOS DE LAS PRÁCTICAS EMPRESARIALES. ....................................... 4 Objetivo general. ................................................................................................ 4 Objetivos específicos. ....................................................................................... 4 CAPÍTULO I: DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA ENTIDAD. ................................................... 5 Nombre de la empresa. ...................................................................................... 5 Misión y visión. .................................................................................................. 5 Misión. ............................................................................................................. 5 Visión. .............................................................................................................. 5 Estructura organizacional (organigrama funcional). ......................................... 6 Actividades de la entidad. .................................................................................... 7 CAPÍTULO II: DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA DEPENDENCIA DONDE REALIZÓ LA PRACTICA EMPRESARIAL. .................................................................................. 8 Funciones como pasante: ................................................................................. 8 CAPÍTULO III: ACTIVIDADES REALIZADAS DURANTE LA PRÁCTICAS EMPRESARIALES ................................................................................................. 9 Descripción detallada de la actividad. ............................................................... 12 CONCLUSIONES. ................................................................................................ 14 Propuestas y recomendaciones. ....................................................................... 15 Anexos. ................................................................................................................ 16 Pregrado Abogado(a) Pasantías

Partitioning and deploying Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) across edge nodes may be used to meet performance objectives of applications. However, the failure of a single node may result in cascading failures that will adversely impact the delivery of the service and will result in failure to meet specific objectives. The impact of these failures needs to be minimised at runtime. Three techniques are explored in this paper, namely repartitioning, early-exit and skip-connection. When an edge node fails, the repartitioning technique will repartition and redeploy the DNN thus avoiding the failed nodes. The early-exit technique makes provision for a request to exit (early) before the failed node. The skip connection technique dynamically routes the request by skipping the failed nodes. This paper will leverage trade-offs in accuracy, end-to-end latency and downtime for selecting the best technique given user-defined objectives (accuracy, latency and downtime thresholds) when an edge node fails. To this end, CONTINUER is developed. Two key activities of the framework are estimating the accuracy and latency when using the techniques for distributed DNNs and selecting the best technique. It is demonstrated on a lab-based experimental testbed that CONTINUER estimates accuracy and latency when using the techniques with no more than an average error of 0.28% and 13.06%, respectively and selects the suitable technique with a low overhead of no more than 16.82 milliseconds and an accuracy of up to 99.86%., Comment: 10 pages

The main features of telecommunication equipment of modern communication networks include, first of all, that they are complex hardware and software complexes. Software, along with hardware (technical) part, has a significant impact on the reliability of telecommunications equipment of communication networks, as software failures and malfunctions often lead to no less serious consequences than hardware failures. The subject of theoretical research is the processes of operation of telecommunications equipment in conditions of limited reliability of software in order to build models of reliability of facilities, taking into account the use of non-replenishable time reserves to compensate for various types of failures. According to the nature of the consequences, all software failures can be divided into three groups: depreciated, partially depreciated and fully depreciate previous work. The result of building the reliability of telecommunications equipment with non-replenishing time reserve is to obtain analytical models that establish the relationship between indicators of reliability of facilities, characteristics of software failures and their consequences, as well as a set of technical parameters that determine the conditions its functioning. The essence of the novelty of these models is to jointly take into account the factors that compensate (reduce) the impact of software failures on the operation of telecommunications equipment, in particular, the use of non-replenishing time reserve, as well as breaking the tasks performed by objects successive stages with memorization of intermediate results and justification of the optimal number of stages. In the process of achieving the goal of the study was further developed differential method, the essence of which is to build a more general, compared to the known, model of three-dimensional homogeneous Markov process, which describes the operation of telecommunications equipment failures and malfunctions, some of which do not depreciate and part which completely devalues the previous development of telecommunications equipment that perform certain tasks., До основних особливостей телекомунікаційного обладнання сучасних мереж зв’язку слід віднести перш за все те, що вони є складними апаратно-програмними комплексами. Програмні засоби поряд з апаратною (технічною) частиною мають помітний вплив на надійність функціонування телекомунікаційного обладнання мереж зв’язку, оскільки відмови та збої програмних засобів часто призводять до не менш тяжких наслідків, ніж відмови техніки. Предметом теоретичного дослідження є процеси функціонування об’єктів телекомунікаційного обладнання в умовах обмеженої надійності програмних засобів з метою побудови моделей надійності об’єктів з урахуванням використання непоповнювальних резервів часу для компенсації наслідків різноманітних типів відмов. За характером наслідків всі відмови програмних засобів можуть бути розділені на три групи: незнецінені, частково знецінені та повністю знецінюють попереднє напрацювання. Результатом побудови надійності об’єктів телекомунікаційного обладнання з непоповнювальним резервом часу є отримання аналітичних моделей, що встановлюють зв’язок між показниками надійності функціонування об’єктів, характеристиками відмов програмних засобів та їх наслідків, а також сукупністю технічних параметрів об’єкта, що визначають умови його функціонування. Сутність новизни цих моделей полягає у сумісному врахуванні факторів, що забезпечують компенсацію (зменшення) впливу наслідків відмов програмних засобів на процес функціонування об’єктів телекомунікаційного обладнання, зокрема, використання непоповнювального резерву часу, а також розбиття завдання, що виконуються об’єктами, на ряд послідовно виконуваних етапів з запам’ятовуванням проміжних результатів та обґрунтуванням оптимальної кількості етапів. В процесі досягнення мети дослідження отримав подальший розвиток диференційний метод, суть якого полягає у побудові більш загальної, порівняно з відомими, моделі тривимірного однорідного марківського процесу, який описує функціонування об’єктів телекомунікаційного обладнання при відмовах та збоях програмних засобів, частина з яких не знецінює, а частина – повністю знецінює попереднє напрацювання об’єктів телекомунікаційного обладнання, що виконують певні завдання.

This work begins by debating the concept of human error, which is far from being consensual. Subsequently, four complementary perspectives on how we can understand this complex phenomenon are presented. The paper is written in a critical perspective in relation to the conventional view on the subject, in which human error is considered as the undisciplined element of safety in organizations. It is pertinent to remember that human error is part of the human condition itself and that it is just one among many other factors that can contribute to the occurrence of failures, incidents, and accidents., Este trabalho começa por debater o conceito de erro humano, o qual está longe de ser consensual. Posteriormente são apresentadas quatro perspetivas complementares sobre como podemos compreender este complexo fenómeno. O conteúdo do artigo está redigido numa perspetiva crítica em relação à visão convencional sobre o tema, em que o erro humano é considerado como o elemento indisciplinado da segurança nas organizações. É pertinente lembrar que o erro humano faz parte da própria condição humana e que ele é apenas um entre muitos outros fatores que podem contribuir para a ocorrência de falhas, incidentes e acidentes.

Reliability modeling and deadlock control have become important issues in automated manufacturing systems (AMSs) with reliable and unreliable resources. Therefore, this paper develops a reliability modelling approach and deadlock control based on colored resource-oriented timed Petri net (CROTPN) and neural networks to find crucial reliability measures in AMSs. In the first step, a CROTPN with considering resource failures is developed to obtain “sufficient and necessary conditions” for the CROTPN liveness. In the second step, a fault diagnosis and treatment approach is proposed that integrates the obtained unreliable net with neural networks to ensure that the system is reliable. Furthermore, a neural unreliable CROTPN is used to analyze the system reliability. A simulation is carried out to illustrate the approach and compare the results to those found in the literature. The developed approach has been proved to be simpler in structure and can solve the deadlock problem and model AMS reliability.

Communicating systems comprise diverse software components across networks. To ensure their robustness, modern programming languages such as Rust provide both strongly typed channels, whose usage is guaranteed to be affine (at most once), and cancellation operations over binary channels. For coordinating components to correctly communicate and synchronise with each other, we use the structuring mechanism from multiparty session types, extending it with affine communication channels and implicit/explicit cancellation mechanisms. This new typing discipline, affine multiparty session types (AMPST), ensures cancellation termination of multiple, independently running components and guarantees that communication will not get stuck due to error or abrupt termination. Guided by AMPST, we implemented an automated generation tool (MultiCrusty) of Rust APIs associated with cancellation termination algorithms, by which the Rust compiler auto-detects unsafe programs. Our evaluation shows that MultiCrusty provides an efficient mechanism for communication, synchronisation and propagation of the notifications of cancellation for arbitrary processes. We have implemented several usecases, including popular application protocols (OAuth, SMTP), and protocols with exception handling patterns (circuit breaker, distributed logging)., LIPIcs, Vol. 222, 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022), pages 4:1-4:29

After a machine failure, batch schedulers typically reschedule the job that failed with a high priority. This is fair for the failed job but still requires that job to re-enter the submission queue and to wait for enough resources to become available. The waiting time can be very long when the job is large and the platform highly loaded, as is the case with typical HPC platforms. We propose another strategy: when a job J fails, if no platform node is available, we steal one node from another job J , and use it to continue the execution of J despite the failure. In this work, we give a detailed assessment of this node stealing strategy using traces from the Mira supercomputer at Argonne National Laboratory. The main conclusion is that node stealing improves the utilization of the platform and dramatically reduces the flow of large jobs, at the price of a slight increases the flow of small jobs.

Organic fertilisers could contribute to addressing the issues of declining soil fertility, food security and waste management by recycling human waste for use in sub-Saharan Africa. The variable nutrient content of such products can make targetted application more difficult than in chemical fertilisers. One solution to this could be the use of in-field soil testing and information, particularly with the expansion of mobile technology. This research investigated the role of information and soil testing in 43 farmers using human waste derived fertilisers in Kenya and Ghana. Interviews were conducted to understand the use and sources of information in farming and the perception of soil testing technologies. It was found that mobile based testing was unlikely to be adopted for reasons of low priority, the type of knowledge being shared and trust after failures of different projects. Farmers did not see soil testing as the major issue that they needed to solve. Mobile technology was mostly used for visual and oral communication whereas soil testing often provided information in an unsuitable way. Farmers also had limited trust in new projects as they had previously had project failures that did not help them. In order to achieve sustainable adoption of technology there needs to be improved methods of disseminating and learning from project failures to prevent repeated attempts at inappropriate technology in the future.

Resumo O artigo objetiva caracterizar o estágio atual dos sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários (SPHS) frente à NBR 15575-6 e analisar os critérios de desempenho a fim de fornecer subsídios para projetistas, construtores e revisão da norma. O método contemplou cinco etapas: análise do cumprimento à norma por projetistas e construtoras, análise das informações fornecidas pelos fabricantes sobre durabilidade, coleta de dados de manifestações patológicas em SPHS, execução de ensaios in loco de responsabilidade da construtora, e análise dos critérios de desempenho. Os resultados indicam que as construtoras possuem baixo percentual de cumprimento da NBR 15575-6, enquanto os projetistas apresentam percentual maior. Quanto aos fabricantes, apenas 10% fornecem dados precisos de durabilidade de produtos. Quanto às manifestações patológicas, as mais recorrentes são vazamentos em bacias sanitárias, torneiras e chuveiros, e retornos de odores e espuma nas caixas sifonadas/ralos. Quanto aos ensaios, alguns são exequíveis, porém há dificuldades nos ensaios de estanqueidade das instalações de água quente e de esgoto sanitário e águas pluviais. Por fim, a principal contribuição está na identificação e discussão de critérios da norma que geram dúvidas na interpretação e aplicação. Abstract The aim of this article is to characterise the current stage of plumbing systems concerning NBR 15575-6 and analyse the performance criteria to provide information to the designers, builders, and for the standard’s review. The method included five steps: analysing the compliance with the standard by designers and builders, analysing the information provided by manufacturers about durability, data collection of pathological manifestations in plumbing systems, conducting on-site tests that are responsibility of the builder and analysing the performance criteria. The results indicate that construction companies have a low conformity index with NBR 15575-6, and designers have a higher conformity index. As for manufacturers, only 10% provide accurate product durability data. With regards to pathological manifestations, the most recurrent ones are leaks in toilets, taps, showers, and odours and foam returns in the plumbing traps/drains. As for the tests, they are feasible, but there are difficulties in the tightness tests for the hot water, sanitary sewage and rainwater installations. The main contribution of this study is the identification and discussion of the standard’s criteria that generate doubts in their interpretation and application.

This paper studies checkpointing strategies for parallel jobs subject to fail-stop errors. The optimal strategy is well known when failure inter-arrival times obey an Exponential law, but it is unknown for non-memoryless failure distributions. We explain why the latter fact is misunderstood in recent literature. We propose a general strategy that maximizes the expected efficiency until the next failure, and we show that this strategy is asymptotically optimal for very long jobs. Through extensive simulations, we show that the new strategy is always at least as good as the Young/Daly strategy for various failure distributions. For distributions with a high infant mortality (such as LogNormal 2.51 or Weibull 0.5), the execution time is divided by a factor 1.9 on average, and up to a factor 4.2 for recently deployed platforms.; Cet article étudie les stratégies de checkpoint pour des tâches parallèles sujettes `a des erreurs fatales. La stratégie optimale est bien connue lorsque les temps d’inter-arrivée des pannes obéissent `a une loi exponentielle, mais elle est inconnue pour les distributions d’erreurs générales. Nous expliquons pourquoi ce dernier fait est mal compris dans la littérature récente. Nous proposons une stratégie générale qui maximise l’efficacité attendue jusqu’`a la prochaine d´défaillance, et nous montrons que cette stratégie est asymptotiquement optimale pour les travaux très longs. Par des simulations extensives, nous montrons que la nouvelle stratégie est toujours au moins aussi bonne que la stratégie de Young/Daly pour diverses distributions de pannes. Pour les distributions avec une mortalité infantile élevée (comme LogNormal 2.51 ou Weibull 0.5), le temps d’exécution est divisé par un facteur 1.9 en moyenne, et jusqu’`a un facteur 4.2 pour des plates-formes récemment déployées.

PurposeAlthough positive psychology emphasizes the importance of reflecting on success in promoting strengths use and self-efficacy, no research has developed a measure of reflection on success. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the scales for reflection on success and failures.Design/methodology/approachStudy 1 was conducted to extract the dimensions of reflection on success and failures using survey data from nurses (n= 298), whereas Study 2 involved validation of the scales using a two-wave survey of physical therapists (n= 291).FindingsIn Study 1, the factors of “reflection on success” and “reflection on failures” were extracted by exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2, the discriminant validity of the two scales was established via confirmatory factor analyses. The structural equation modeling results indicated that reflection on success promoted work authenticity, work engagement and strengths use, while reflection on failures only promoted work engagement, indicating the convergent validity of the scales.Research limitations/implicationsAs the research subjects were medical professionals in Japan, the scales need to be validated with samples from a wide range of occupations and cultural backgrounds, in future research.Originality/valueThe present research expands the literature on reflection and strengths-based approach by introducing the “success–failures” dimension based on positive psychology, broaden-and-build theory and job demands–resources theory.

Contains fulltext : 235315.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) PURPOSE: This study proposes optimal tracer-specific threshold-based window levels for PSMA PET-based intraprostatic gross tumour volume (GTV) contouring to reduce interobserver delineation variability. METHODS: Nine (68)Ga-PSMA-11 and nine (18)F-PSMA-1007 PET scans including GTV delineations of four expert teams (GTV(manual)) and a majority-voted GTV (GTV(majority)) were assessed with respect to a registered histopathological GTV (GTV(histo)) as the gold standard reference. The standard uptake values (SUVs) per voxel were converted to a percentage (SUV%) relative to the SUV(max). The statistically optimised SUV% threshold (SOST) was defined as those that maximises accuracy for threshold-based contouring. A leave-one-out cross-validation receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the SOST for each tracer. The SOST analysis was performed twice, first using the GTV(histo) contour as training structure (GTV(SOST-H)) and second using the GTV(majority) contour as training structure (GTV(SOST-MA)) to correct for any limited misregistration. The accuracy of both GTV(SOST-H) and GTV(SOST-MA) was calculated relative to GTV(histo) in the 'leave-one-out' patient of each fold and compared with the accuracy of GTV(manual). RESULTS: ROC curve analysis for (68)Ga-PSMA-11 PET revealed a median threshold of 25 SUV% (range, 22-27 SUV%) and 41 SUV% (40-43 SUV%) for GTV(SOST-H) and GTV(SOST-MA), respectively. For (18)F-PSMA-1007 PET, a median threshold of 42 SUV% (39-45 SUV%) for GTV(SOST-H) and 44 SUV% (42-45 SUV%) for GTV(SOST-MA) was found. A significant pairwise difference was observed when comparing the accuracy of the GTV(SOST-H) contours with the median accuracy of the GTV(manual) contours (median, - 2.5%; IQR, - 26.5-0.2%; p = 0.020), whereas no significant pairwise difference was found for the GTV(SOST-MA) contours (median, - 0.3%; IQR, - 4.4-0.6%; p = 0.199). CONCLUSIONS: Threshold-based contouring using GTV(majority)-trained SOSTs achieves an accuracy comparable with manual contours in delineating GTV(histo). The median SOSTs of 41 SUV% for (68)Ga-PSMA-11 PET and 44 SUV% for (18)F-PSMA-1007 PET form a base for tracer-specific window levelling. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov ; NCT03327675; 31-10-2017.

The ever-increasing demand for high-capacity rechargeable batteries highlights the need for sensitive and accurate diagnostic technology for determining the state of a cell, for identifying and localizing defects, and for sensing capacity loss mechanisms. Here, we leverage atomic magnetometry to map the weak induced magnetic fields around Li-ion battery cells in a magnetically shielded environment. The ability to rapidly measure cells nondestructively allows testing even commercial cells in their actual operating conditions, as a function of state of charge. These measurements provide maps of the magnetic susceptibility of the cell, which follow trends characteristic for the battery materials under study upon discharge. In particular, hot spots of charge storage are identified. In addition, the measurements reveal the capability to measure transient internal current effects, at a level of μA, which are shown to be dependent upon the state of charge. These effects highlight noncontact battery characterization opportunities. The diagnostic power of this technique could be used for the assessment of cells in research, quality control, or during operation, and could help uncover details of charge storage and failure processes in cells. Fil: Hu, Yinan. Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz; Alemania Fil: Iwata, Geoffrey Z.. Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz; Alemania Fil: Mohammadi, Mohaddese. University of New York; Estados Unidos Fil: Silletta, Emilia Victoria. University of New York; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola; Argentina Fil: Wickenbrock, Arne. Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz; Alemania Fil: Blanchard, John W.. Helmholtz Institute Mainz; Alemania Fil: Budker, Dmitry. Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz; Alemania Fil: Jerschow, Alexej. University of New York; Estados Unidos

There are many models of distributed computing, and no unifying mathematical framework for considering them all. One way to sidestep this issue is to start with simple communication and fault models, and use them as building blocks to derive the complex models studied in the field. We thus define operations like union, succession or repetition, which makes it easier to build complex models from simple ones while retaining expressivity. To formalize this approach, we abstract away the complex models and operations in the Heard-Of model. This model relies on (possibly asynchronous) rounds; sequence of digraphs, one for each round, capture which messages sent at a given round are received before the receiver goes to the next round. A set of sequences, called a heard-of predicate,defines the legal communication behaviors -- that is to say, a model of communication. Because the proposed operations behave well with this transformation of operational models into heard-of predicates, we can derive bounds, characterizations, and implementations of the heard-of predicates for the constructions., Full version of a paper accepted to FORTE 2020

Reinforced concrete buildings are typically braced with shear walls positioned around lift shafts and stairs. Vertical transfer of load from slab to walls leads to a concentration of shear stress in the slab at wall ends and corners, which needs to be considered in punching shear design. This issue is not addressed in EN 1992 (2004) and only partially addressed in fib Model Code 2010 leaving engineers to resort to their own judgment. Consequently, consideration of punching shear at wall corners can be overlooked entirely or not properly addressed through lack of knowledge. The paper addresses this issue by proposing a method for calculating the design shear stress at wall corners for use in conjunction with the Critical Shear Crack Theory. The method is initially validated against test results for slabs supported on elongated columns as well as numerical simulations. Subsequently, the method is extended to the punching design of a slab supported by a wall corner. The proposed analysis of the slab‐wall corner junction is validated against the predictions of nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) employing 3‐D solid elements as well as the joint‐shell punching model (JSPM) previously developed by the authors.

The use of active inceptor systems allows for control of the aircraft even following mechanical failures within the control inceptor. For the specific case of isometric failure, whereby the inceptor "freezes" in position, a virtual force-displacement model is used to continue to provide control input. Testing on DLR's experimental helicopter (active control technology/flying helicopter simulator) has shown the potential to encounter pilot-induced oscillation (PIO) tendencies when flying using this mode. This paper presents results from a simulation campaign undertaken to determine whether PIOs could be exposed through this use of control and/or the resultant severity. The results show that isometric failure caused severe PIOs. Unacceptable failure characteristics were reported by all four pilots. PIO incipience was predicted through the use of offline tools. It is recommended that specific PIO investigations be undertaken during the evaluation of active inceptor failure modes.

The work done in this paper has focused on the prediction of failures of a complex and highly stressed technical system for energy production, namely the W18V50DF engine powering an MW gas-fired power plant. The aim of this work is to highlight the prediction curves, a priori and a posteriori, of the evolution (probabilistic) of the state of these W18V50DF engines in order to anticipate the appearance of failure and to put a human-machine interface to facilitate the knowledge of a possible event and to allow a remote action. To do this, a hybrid method has been employed in the field of data-oriented modeling which highlights the neural network modeling used to determine the state of the components of the system studied by classification. Coupled with Bayesian network modeling, also known as probabilistic graphical models used to predict the state of the system. The neural model and the HMI have been built respectively through the ntools library and via the GUIDE library of the MATLAB software, while the probabilistic graphical model has been built using the BayesianLab software. The work carried out has shown that the W18V50DF engine and its components are degraded as their lifetimes evolve. In addition, because of its complexity and the criticality of some of its components, the degradation of the W18V50DF engine will be accelerated as each of them will be. In addition to this, the financial evaluation revealed that this work, beyond its multiple technical challenges, would allow the user to make significant financial gains.

The condensing unit is one of the most important elements of the steam turbine of a combined heat and power plant. Defects in elements of the condensing unit lead to disturbances in the steam turbine operation, its failures and breakdowns, as well as efficiency losses of the plant. Therefore, the operating personnel need to know the cause of the malfunction and to correct it immediately. There are no diagnostic models of condensers in the Republic of Kazakhstan at the moment. In this regard, a mathematical model of a condenser based on the methodology of Kaluga Turbine Plant (KTP) has been developed. The mathematical model makes it possible to change the input parameters, plot dependency diagrams, and calculate the plant efficiency indicators. The mathematical model of the condenser can be used to research ways for the improvement of the condensing unit efficiency, for diagnostic purposes of the equipment condition, for the energy audit conduction of the plant, and in the training when performing virtual laboratory research. Using static data processing by linear regression method we obtain that the KTP methodology of condenser calculation is fair at cooling water temperature from 20 °C to 24 °C, but at cooling water temperature from 20 °C to 28 °C, the methodology of JSC "All-Russia Thermal Engineering Institute" (JSC "VTI") is used. One of the ways to increase the condenser efficiency has been proposed. It is the heat transfer augmentation with riffling annular grooves on tubes. This method increases the heat transfer coefficient by 2%, reduces the water subcooling of the heating steam by 0.9 °C, and decreases the cooling area by 2%. © 2020 Institut za Istrazivanja. All rights reserved.

Inverters are a leading source of hardware failures and contribute to significant energy losses at photovoltaic (PV) sites. An understanding of failure modes within inverters requires evaluation of a dataset that captures insights from multiple characterization techniques (including field diagnostics, production data analysis, and current-voltage curves). One readily available dataset that can be leveraged to support such an evaluation are maintenance records, which are used to log all site-related technician activities, but vary in structuring of information. Using machine learning, this analysis evaluated a database of 55,000 maintenance records across 800+ sites to identify inverter-related records and consistently categorize them to gain insight into common failure modes within this critical asset. Communications, ground faults, heat management systems, and insulated gate bipolar transistors emerge as the most frequently discussed inverter subsystems. Further evaluation of these failure modes identified distinct variations in failure frequencies over time and across inverter types, with communication failures occurring more frequently in early years. Increased understanding of these failure patterns can inform ongoing PV system reliability activities, including simulation analyses, spare parts inventory management, cost estimates for operations and maintenance, and development of standards for inverter testing. Advanced implementations of machine learning techniques coupled with standardization of asset labels and descriptions can extend these insights into actionable information that can support development of algorithms for condition-based maintenance, which could further reduce failures and associated energy losses at PV sites.

Tools capable of assisting in the design of surface water reservoir systems, resulting from the construction of dams, in the face of hydrological uncertainties, are of great importance for the sustainable management of water resources. This study proposes, implements and tests an optimal sizing strategy for water storage reservoirs that takes the minimum allowed number of failure periods (measure of reliability) and the maximum allowed failure magnitude (measure of vulnerability) as input. The optimization model considers that the reservoir releases follow the standard operating policy – as in typical design procedures that account for failure – and is compared to an alternative mixed-integer linear programming model that uses an open-loop release policy. Deterministic and implicit stochastic versions of the model are presented in order to be applied to various types of problems. As case studies, example problems were created, as well as data from the Sobradinho dam were used. The results indicate that high reliability and low vulnerabilities require larger storage capacities, and the opposite is also confirmed (in the different tested scenarios), in addition to yielding capacities adequate to the used operation policy. The tested examples also confirm that greater capabilities are needed for more sustainable and less risky systems. Ferramentas capazes de auxiliar no dimensionamento de sistemas de reservatórios de águas superficiais, resultantes da construção de barragens, perante incertezas hidrológicas, são de grande importância para o gerenciamento sustentável dos recursos hídricos. Este trabalho propõe, implementa e testa uma estratégia de dimensionamento ótimo para reservatórios de abastecimento d’água que aceita como entrada o número mínimo permitido de períodos de falha (medida de confiabilidade) e a magnitude de falha máxima permitida (medida de vulnerabilidade). O modelo de otimização considera que as liberações do reservatório seguem a política de operação padrão – conforme procedimentos típicos de dimensionamento que levam falhas em consideração – e é comparado a um modelo alternativo de programação linear inteira mista que usa uma política de liberação do tipo open loop. Versões determinísticas e estocásticas implícitas do modelo são apresentadas a fim de serem aplicadas em vários tipos de problemas. Como estudos de caso, foram idealizados problemas exemplos, assim como empregados dados da barragem de Sobradinho. Os resultados indicam que altas confiabilidades e baixas vulnerabilidades necessitam de maiores capacidades de armazenamento, e o contrário também é confirmado (nos diversos cenários testados), além de apresentarem capacidades adequadas à política de operação utilizada. Os exemplos testados também confirmam que maiores capacidades são necessárias para sistemas mais sustentáveis e com menor risco. São Cristóvão

This work aimed to evaluate the relief features of the Taturi River watershed Paraná state, Brazil, seeking to identify the interrelationship between the lithologies, the linear features linked to fractures and faults, erosive features and types of landforms. For that, the geomorphological mapping of the area and the survey of morphostructural data were cattied out, through the elaboration of the drainage density, dissection depth, slope and lineation maps. The analysis of these maps made it possible to identify different sectors, mostly determined by the lithological variation and by the lineaments. In this way, the hydrographic basin of the Taturi River, despite its low slope morphology, has morphological and, therefore, varied procedural characteristics, wich are linked to lithology and lineaments. Thus, the domain sectors of sandy lithologies present morphologies that indicate greater intensity of erosive processes, which must be considered when using and occupying the land. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los rasgos de relieve de la cuenca del Río Taturi estado de Paraná, Brasil, buscando identificar la interrelación entre las litologías, los rasgos lineales vinculados a fracturas y fallas, los rasgos erosivos y los tipos de accidentes geográficos. Para ello, se realizó el mapeo geomorfológico del área y el levantamiento de datos morfoestructurales, mediante la elaboración de los diagramas de densidad de drenaje, profundidad de disección, pendiente ylineamiento. El análisis de estas letras permitió identificar diferentes sectores, en su mayoría determinados por la variación litológica y por los lineamientos. De esta forma, la cuenca hidrográfica del Río Taturi, a pesar de su morfología de baja pendiente, presenta características morfológicas y, por tanto, procedimentales variadas que están ligadas a la litología y los lineamentos. Así, los sectores de dominio de las litologías arenosas presentan morfologías que indican mayor intensidad de procesos erosivos, los cuales deben ser considerados a la hora de utilizar y ocupar el terreno. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as feições do relevo da bacia do Rio Taturi (PR), buscando identificar a inter-relação entre as litologias, as feições lineares vinculadas a fraturas e falhas, as feições erosivas e os tipos de forma de relevo. Para isso, foi realizado o mapeamento geomorfológico da área e o levantamento de dados morfoestruturais, por meio da elaboração das cartas de densidade de drenagem, profundidade de dissecação, clinográfica e lineamentos. A análise dessas cartas possibilitou identificar diferentes setores, determinados em sua grande maioria pela variação litológica e pelos lineamentos. Desta maneira, a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Taturi, apesar de sua morfologia de baixo declive, possui características morfológicas e, portanto, processuais, variadas, as quais estão vinculadas à litologia e aos lineamentos. Assim, os setores de domínio de litologias arenosas apresentam morfologias que indicam maior intensidade dos processos erosivos, o que deve ser considerado quando do uso e ocupação da terra.

Whiskers are small crystalline growths, which can grow from certain metals or alloys. Reaching up to several millimeters long, whiskers have the potential to cause device failures due to short circuits and contamination by debris. Tin (Sn) is one such metal that is particularly prone to whisker development. Until the 2006 RoHS Initiative, lead (Pb) was added to tin in small amounts (up to 2%) to greatly reduce the growth of whiskers. Since then, however, industry has switched to lead-free tin solders and coatings, and the issue of whisker growth on tin has attracted new interest. A reactive-sputtering-deposited nickel oxide sublayer was shown recently to strongly suppress the growth of whiskers from an overlaying tin layer. This paper reports on using nickel oxide films, obtained by a sol–gel dip coating method, as whisker suppressing sublayers. The proposed method is simple, low-cost, and can easily be scaled up for manufacturing purposes. The properties of the sol–gel deposited nickel oxide film were examined using SEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. Samples containing the nickel oxide sublayer were observed through SEM periodically over several months to examine the surfaces for whisker development, and the results show that such layers can be very effective in suppressing whisker growth.

The appearance of faster and more mechanically complex equipment has led to the adoption of attitudes that are always aimed at increasing productivity and reducing production costs for any type of product. The duty of industrial maintenance activity in pursuit of these goals is an extremely important factor in the success and life of companies. We can expose preventive maintenance with one of them, preventing the occurrence of failures through maintenance at regular and pre-defined time intervals. Its objective is to eliminate or reduce, as much as possible, the number of failures related to maintenance through actions such as cleaning, lubrication, replacement of parts and verification of equipment installations, which undergo this type of intervention based on prior planning of the actions taken. This work aims to present the fundamental concepts of maintenance describing them and the effect that the implementation of maintenance techniques has on the productivity of industries, based on the concepts of reliability, availability and failure rate. Regarding the methodology, the research is characterized as integrative, seeking in the biographies the main important and necessary points in the area of maintenance applicable to industries. As for the methods used, the use of joint strands has been shown to be extremely effective when compared to isolated means of maintenance. Predictive maintenance, although costly in most cases, can offer, together with the other aspects, an improvement in equipment availability and performance indicators. La aparición de equipos más rápidos y mecánicamente más complejos ha llevado a la adopción de actitudes que siempre tienen como objetivo aumentar la productividad y reducir los costos de producción de cualquier tipo de producto. El deber de la actividad de mantenimiento industrial en la consecución de estos objetivos es un factor de suma importancia en el éxito y la vida de las empresas. Podemos exponer el mantenimiento preventivo con uno de ellos, evitando la aparición de averías mediante un mantenimiento a intervalos regulares y predefinidos. Su objetivo es eliminar o reducir, en la medida de lo posible, el número de averías relacionadas con el mantenimiento mediante acciones como limpieza, lubricación, reposición de piezas y verificación de instalaciones de equipos, que se someten a este tipo de intervenciones en base a la planificación previa de las actuaciones tomado. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar los conceptos fundamentales del mantenimiento describiéndolos y el efecto que la implementación de técnicas de mantenimiento tiene sobre la productividad de las industrias, con base en los conceptos de confiabilidad, disponibilidad y tasa de fallas. En cuanto a la metodología, la investigación se caracteriza por ser integradora, buscando en las biografías los principales puntos importantes y necesarios en el área de mantenimiento aplicable a las industrias. En cuanto a los métodos utilizados, el uso de cordones de unión ha demostrado ser extremadamente eficaz en comparación con los medios de mantenimiento aislados. El mantenimiento predictivo, aunque costoso en la mayoría de los casos, puede ofrecer, junto con los demás aspectos, una mejora en la disponibilidad de los equipos y en los indicadores de rendimiento. O aparecimento de equipamentos mais velozes e complexos mecanicamente, levam a adoção de atitudes, que visam sempre aumentar a produtividade e reduzir os custos da produção de qualquer tipo de produto. O dever da atividade de manutenção industrial na busca desses objetivos é um fator extremamente importante no sucesso e vida das empresas. Podemos expor a manutenção preventiva com um deles, evitando a ocorrência de falhas através de manutenções em intervalos de tempo regulares e pré-definidos. Tem como objetivo a eliminação ou redução, ao máximo, do número de falhas referentes à manutenção através de ações como limpeza, lubrificação, substituição de peças e verificação das instalações dos equipamentos, que sofrem esse tipo de intervenção partindo de um planejamento prévio das ações tomadas. Este trabalho, visa a apresentar os conceitos fundamentais da manutenção descrevendo-os e o efeito que a implantação de técnicas de manutenção causa sobre a produtividade das indústrias, com base nos conceitos de confiabilidade, disponibilidade e taxa de falhas. Com relação a metodologia, a pesquisa se caracteriza como integrativa buscando nas biografias os principais pontos importantes e necessários da área de manutenção aplicável às indústrias. Quanto aos métodos utilizados, o uso de vertentes conjuntas, têm mostrado extrema eficácia quando comparados a meios isolados de manutenção. A manutenção preditiva, embora na maior parte das ocasiões seja custosa, pode oferecer em conjunto com as demais vertentes uma melhoria nos indicadores de disponibilidade e performance dos equipamentos.

In the paper is presented the complex analysis of object technosphere safety is particular of current interest for Siberian and Artic of the Russian Federation where a wide range of hazards are. The uniqueness of territory (various natural-climatic and geological conditions, huge actual reserves at biogenic and mineral resources, significant industrial protentional with complex transport infrastructure and etc.) causes a large number of hazards. There are some examples of analyses of results technical diagnostic for technosphere objects including fabricated constructions, mainland pipeline, etc. and their using for estimating the reliability and accidents risks as well.