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Brownfield redevelopment is a complex process often involving a wide range of stakeholders holding differing priorities and opinions. The use of digital systems and products for decision making, modelling, and supporting discussion has been recognised throughout literature and industry. The inclusion of stakeholder preferences is an important consideration in the design and development of impactful digital tools and decision support systems. In this study, we present findings from stakeholder consultation with professionals from the UK brownfield sector with the aim of informing the design of future digital tools and systems. Our research investigates two broad themes; digitalisation and the use of digital tools across the sector; and perceptions of key brownfield challenge areas where digital tools could help better inform decision-makers. The methodology employed for this study comprises the collection of data and information using a combination of interviews and an online questionnaire. The results from these methods were evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Findings reveal a disparity in levels of digital capability between stakeholder groups including between technical stakeholder types, and that cross-discipline communication of important issues may be aided by the development of carefully designed digital tools. To this end, we present seven core principles to guide the design and implementation of future digital tools for the brownfield sector. These principles are that future digital tools should be: (1) Stakeholder driven, (2) Problem centred, (3) Visual, (4) Intuitive, (5) Interactive, (6) Interoperable, and (7) Geospatial data driven.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization in China have led to a rapid increase in the number of brownfields, however there is a lack of identification of the spatial extent of brownfields in cities and accurate assessment of brownfield redevelopment. Based on the relationship between brownfields and urban complex ecosystems, this paper defines brownfields in China and constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system including socio-economic and ecological subsystems. Using Wuhu City as empirical evidence, 19 brownfields were identified using remote sensing data and field surveys. Based on the detection of soil contaminants in brownfields, a fuzzy integrated evaluation method was used to suggest their redevelopment direction. It is found that the government’s planned land use types and the brownfield redevelopment evaluation results match to a large extent, but social, economic and ecological environmental factors should be more fully considered. At the same time, the identification and redevelopment of brownfield sites in the city as a whole need to be carried out by the government’s professional forces in order to obtain more effective and scientific conclusions.

In the current research we aim to analyse the public redevelopment projects financed in Hungary from the Territorial and Settlement Development OP between 2014 and 2020, with special focus on cultural use. Brownfield redevelopment is a major topic in an urban development context from an urban sustainability, circularity, and creative urban/regional development point of view. Within the examined period, 39% of the brownfield redevelopment projects have cultural ties. A detailed introduction of the cases highlights the importance of landscape-oriented spatial strategies, temporary use, and mixed land use options in redevelopment for long-term viability. The original function of redevelopment projects encompasses a wide range. We could find industrial brownfields from the 19th century to agro-food facilities from the soviet era, which proves that the allocation of ERDF funds for brownfield redevelopments helped the rehabilitation of those sites which are important in showcasing Hungarian history.

In brownfield regeneration models, extraction sites are often left out of the question because of degradation, severe contamination, or economic viability and are usually abandoned, after the minimal remediations. These exhaustions not only impact the environment and economy in spatial relations but also influence the growth of the communities cultured by them. With millions of abandoned sites around the globe, there is a demand for building a vision that develops - the ideas of emergence and diversification over time and space, as a base framework for similar towns and communities before they disappear. Underpinning the urgent need and evolving theme of ecologies, 'Reclaiming Kiruna' is an investigation of a vision for a post-exhaustion site of Kiruna mine, which is the world's largest underground mine, by developing landscape ecologies in the present framework that builds and adapts with time and space before the mine gets exhausted. The project reveals the concept of landscape as an amalgamation of production and recreation ecologies, synergizing with the existing potentials of nature, resources, and society. The work focuses on translating the knowns and unknowns of three time periods, synced with proposed plans of the New Kiruna settlement area, through programs of care and thinking that involve, engage, and encourage people (of Kiruna) in redefining the image of Kiruna beyond just a mine. The project unfolds new prospects offered by planned urban transformations, mining systems, and changing climate, which are integrated into building new economies and relations. The project is limited by the uncertainty of the future but attempts to initiate a dialogue in finding new positions as urban designers to contest with the present frameworks in building alternatives of change and novelty, for a sustainable future.

Brownfield is post-industrial soil resulting from different anthropogenic activities and located in urban centers of cities. Due to the scarcity of urban land and the complexity of renovating old cities, and considering that brownfield research in Pakistan is still in its infancy, defining and evaluating brownfield is necessary for solving environmental issues and promoting sustainable development. Therefore, this study aims to develop a pioneer consensus-based brownfield definition, guidelines, and an evaluation index system to evaluate brownfield redevelopment in Pakistan. Initially, a comprehensive literature review was performed to gather key elements of brownfield definitions and create an evaluation index system. These indicators were further evaluated by different experts through the Delphi Method to develop a final questionnaire. Then, data were collected from relevant stakeholders. An illustrative example using three ideal schemes (housing society, eco-industrial park, and commercial market) is described to apply the evaluation index system. A new methodology combining Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was introduced to assess three ideal schemes. Finally, a pioneer brownfield definition, guidelines, and evaluation index system for brownfield redevelopment were developed, and a further index system was verified through an illustrative example. The standard brownfield definition, guidelines, and established index system is based on the Pakistani context. Due to changes in rules and regulation, and different land characteristics, these findings cannot be generalized to all developing countries. Therefore, further studies must validate the results in their own context. This study will foster brownfield redevelopment implementation in Pakistan and promote sustainable development.

Christopher LaFontaine is a senior studying psychology and sociology at Indiana Purdue Fort Wayne (IPFW). He has concentrated on community engagement and service learning as areas of focus for the past year. He plans to pursue a career in applied sociology and he has been involved with applied research among vulnerable populations. Christopher has worked with homeless veterans in Fort Wayne and has studied health conditions in a rural county that ranks low in health outcomes. In this article, he describes his experience with service-learning partnerships between community organizations and an institution of higher education.

Land degradation is becoming a serious environmental issue threatening fertile agricultural soils and other natural resources. There are many driving forces behind land degradation. The expansion of artificial surfaces due to various economic activities, such as housing, industry, and transport infrastructure, known as soil sealing, constitutes one of the most intensive forms of land degradation in urban regions. Measures to halt and reverse land degradation require both strong land-use management policies, as well as effective spatial planning mechanisms. In this regard, strategic spatial planning has been increasingly practised in many urban regions worldwide, as a means to achieve sustainable land-use patterns and to guide the location of development and physical infrastructures. It is reasonable, therefore, to expect that strategic spatial planning can counteract the outlined undesired land degradation effects, specifically those resulting from soil sealing. In this paper, we review strategic spatial planning literature published between 1992 and 2017. The focus is on the phenomena causing land degradation that are addressed by strategic spatial planning literature, as well as on the mechanisms describing the role of strategic spatial planning in land degradation reduction. Results show that sustainable development and environmental concerns have become core objectives of strategic planning in recent years, yet references to the drivers of land degradation are rare. The mechanisms that exist are mainly intended to address environmental issues in general, and are not aimed at reducing particular forms of land degradation. The paper concludes by sketching future research directions, intended to support strategic spatial planning and land-use policymaking related to coping with the global phenomenon of land degradation.

Based on qualitative, case study and the analysis of Europacity project in Berlin, this study aims at assessing the important criteria in order to evaluate the economic dimensions and development potential of a brownfield and a brownfield project. In the literature, more contextual information is given by making an updated state of the arts of brownfield regeneration financing and framework in the European Union with a particular focus on Germany. Furthermore, tools to evaluate the development potential of particular brownfield regeneration projects in particular brownfields and costs-benefits analysis in this field are reviewed. Using a compilation of official and informal data acquired through the interview of one main institutional actor in the development of the Europacity project, the author tried to assess the factors influencing the successful completion of the project in this area, the impacts of the project on eight selected items (stakeholders involvement and following values: economic, social, environmental, historical, psychological, spatial and technological) and the costs-benefits analysis for three of the main stakeholders of the project. The main finding is that all items studied were relevant to some extent in the economic evaluation of a brownfield regeneration project.

International audience

In France, hundreds of brownfields are currently polluted with coal tar, a complex and recalcitrant mixture of organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When the unsaturated zone of soils is highly contaminated, it is commonly excavated and backfilled. This work deals with an alternative treatment, in situ chemical oxidation, that allows a potential reuse of soils directly on site. This technique has already provided encouraging results at the lab scale but has rarely been tested in the field. Research was made around three scales – bibliography, laboratory and pilot – in order to respond to the main problem: is there an oxidative treatment able to meet technical, economic and environmental criteria quite acceptable to be applied at brownfield level? The laboratory research phase showed that the addition of a moderate thermal support significantly increased treatment effectiveness, by i) an increase in pollutant availability by soil preheating in the case of permanganate, or ii) a thermal activation of the oxidant in the case of persulfate. At the pilot scale, a homogeneous contact between the oxidant and the pollutants was possible only by a partial flooding of the soil with the concentrated oxidizing solutions. The persulfate activation turned out to be difficult to implement because heating concentrated solutions led to a parasite decomposition of the oxidant. On the contrary, the use of concentrated solutions of permanganate led to an even higher degradation than in the laboratory, as a result of the strong exothermicity of the reaction, Il existe en France des centaines de friches industrielles polluées par du goudron de houille, un mélange récalcitrant de composés tels que les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. Lorsque la zone non saturée des sols est fortement contaminée, elle est usuellement excavée et remblayée. Cette thèse porte sur un traitement alternatif permettant une valorisation potentielle des sols sur site : l’oxydation chimique in situ, qui a déjà montré des résultats encourageants au laboratoire mais n’a que très peu été testée en grandeurs réelles. Les recherches ont donc été menées autour de trois échelles – bibliographie, laboratoire et pilote – afin de déterminer s’il existait un traitement oxydant répondant à des critères techniques, économiques et environnementaux acceptables pour être appliquée à l’échelle de la friche. La phase laboratoire a montré que l’ajout d’un soutien thermique augmentait significativement l’efficacité du traitement, i) par augmentation de la disponibilité de la pollution par préchauffage de la terre dans le cas du permanganate, ou ii) par activation thermique de l’oxydant dans le cas du persulfate. A l’échelle du pilote, une mise en contact homogène entre l’oxydant et la pollution n’a été possible que par noyage partiel de la terre avec les solutions oxydantes concentrées. L’activation du persulfate s’est révélée délicate à mettre en œuvre, le chauffage de solutions concentrées ayant mené à une décomposition parasite de l’oxydant. Au contraire, l’utilisation de solutions concentrées de permanganate a conduit à une dégradation des polluants encore plus élevée qu’au laboratoire grâce à la forte exothermicité de la réaction

In France, hundreds of brownfields are currently polluted with coal tar, a complex and recalcitrant mixture of organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When the unsaturated zone of soils is highly contaminated, it is commonly excavated and backfilled. This work deals with an alternative treatment, in situ chemical oxidation, that allows a potential reuse of soils directly on site. This technique has already provided encouraging results at the lab scale but has rarely been tested in the field. Research was made around three scales – bibliography, laboratory and pilot – in order to respond to the main problem: is there an oxidative treatment able to meet technical, economic and environmental criteria quite acceptable to be applied at brownfield level? The laboratory research phase showed that the addition of a moderate thermal support significantly increased treatment effectiveness, by i) an increase in pollutant availability by soil preheating in the case of permanganate, or ii) a thermal activation of the oxidant in the case of persulfate. At the pilot scale, a homogeneous contact between the oxidant and the pollutants was possible only by a partial flooding of the soil with the concentrated oxidizing solutions. The persulfate activation turned out to be difficult to implement because heating concentrated solutions led to a parasite decomposition of the oxidant. On the contrary, the use of concentrated solutions of permanganate led to an even higher degradation than in the laboratory, as a result of the strong exothermicity of the reaction; Il existe en France des centaines de friches industrielles polluées par du goudron de houille, un mélange récalcitrant de composés tels que les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. Lorsque la zone non saturée des sols est fortement contaminée, elle est usuellement excavée et remblayée. Cette thèse porte sur un traitement alternatif permettant une valorisation potentielle des sols sur site : l’oxydation chimique in situ, qui a déjà montré des résultats encourageants au laboratoire mais n’a que très peu été testée en grandeurs réelles. Les recherches ont donc été menées autour de trois échelles – bibliographie, laboratoire et pilote – afin de déterminer s’il existait un traitement oxydant répondant à des critères techniques, économiques et environnementaux acceptables pour être appliquée à l’échelle de la friche. La phase laboratoire a montré que l’ajout d’un soutien thermique augmentait significativement l’efficacité du traitement, i) par augmentation de la disponibilité de la pollution par préchauffage de la terre dans le cas du permanganate, ou ii) par activation thermique de l’oxydant dans le cas du persulfate. A l’échelle du pilote, une mise en contact homogène entre l’oxydant et la pollution n’a été possible que par noyage partiel de la terre avec les solutions oxydantes concentrées. L’activation du persulfate s’est révélée délicate à mettre en œuvre, le chauffage de solutions concentrées ayant mené à une décomposition parasite de l’oxydant. Au contraire, l’utilisation de solutions concentrées de permanganate a conduit à une dégradation des polluants encore plus élevée qu’au laboratoire grâce à la forte exothermicité de la réaction

Brownfield redevelopment has gained support in the U.S. as an essential ingredient of urban revitalization. Assessing the effects of such projects is important as government budgets tighten recently. Through multi-scale spatial and statistical analysis, this study shows the spatial patterns of residential property values and their changes, and investigates linkages to the presence of different types and sizes of nearby brownfield redevelopment projects, as opposed to neighborhood demographics and property characteristics. While the results of this study suggest brownfield redevelopment does play a positive role on the surrounding residential property values in general, there are quite different statistical significances found at the two levels of analysis and the type of redevelopment found to determine the direction of this effect.

International audience

There are a great amount of brownfield in Chinese mining cities. In order to promote mining cities sustainable development, it is necessary to redevelop brownfield. There is a great deal of uncertainty in the process of brownfield redevelopment owing to the influences of pollution. Normal fuzzy numbers were used to describe the fuzziness of the expected DCF (discounted cash flow) value of brownfield redevelopment projects. In view of experts’ preferences, the weight of fuzzed estimation intervals of the expected DCF value was determined by means of the lattice closeness degree to find the volatility of the expected DCF value. Combining the results with the B-S (Black-Scholes) real option model, we built a fuzzy real option model which could be applied to the brownfield redevelopment projects. The empirical results showed that the valuation results of the fuzzy real option model, considering the experts’ risk preferences, were relatively objective and accurate.

Brownfields are real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant (USEPA, 2002). In recent years, there have been a rising number of brownfield redevelopment practices in Chinese cities. However, some redevelopment practices have been unsuccessful in spite of cautious planning whereas others have been successful in the absence of any planning. It is largely due to China’s rapid urbanization on one hand, and inadequate information on the locations and conditions of brownfield on the other. To address the gaps, an integrative methodology is devised based on two frameworks, one for identifying potential instead of actual brownfields, and one for establishing priorities for redevelopment. The first framework identifies potential brownfields through four steps: (1) define input sites; (2) verify environmental liability; (3) confirm tax delinquency; and (4) cross-check with industrial classification code. The second framework prioritize the identified potential brownfield sites with a set of criteria which are selected and weighed based on key interviews and the study of local reference cases. The utility of this methodology is exemplified with the case study of Futian in Shenzhen. Local data including land use data, tax and environmental records of 2005 and the development plan for 2006–2010 are utilized. We conclude that this methodology properly responds to the increasing need of urban planners in making proactive plans for brownfield redevelopment in Chinese cities.

Negligence of former industrial sites (“brownfields”) has adversely impacted urban landscapes throughout the industrialized world. Brownfield redevelopment has recently emerged as a sustainable land use strategy and impetus for urban revitalization. This study presents a system dynamics model of the redevelopment process that illustrates how delays compound before realizing financial benefits from investment in these core urban areas. We construct a dynamic hypothesis, in which brownfield redevelopment activities are dependent upon funding and in turn bolster tax base through job creation. Drawing on previous studies, barriers to brownfield redevelopment are explored, including fear of liability, regulatory concerns, and uncertain cleanup standards and funding mechanisms. We model a case study of redevelopment in the State of Michigan (USA), which is informed by data from the Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) and U.S. Conference of Mayors brownfield surveys. Stock-flow structures represent phases of redevelopment, with diverted streams for sites in which no contamination was found (false alarms) and those with excess contamination level. The model is used to examine the point at which cumulative tax revenues from redeveloped areas exceed cumulative expenditures on brownfield redevelopment under different levels of funding availability.

The decline of inner-city manufacturing industries is a global phenomenon, leaving behind vacant land and brownfield sites in cities. These post-industrial areas with their negative images of dereliction and obsolete urban environments have prompted many cities to implement various redevelopment strategies, among which is the concept of the Urban Entertainment Center (UEC), which combines shopping, recreation, and entertainment, with various public spaces. This study attempts to understand the changes that have been triggered by the revitalization strategy of UEC development in large-scale post-industrial sites in Seoul. Here, Special Planning District (SPD) regulation has been adopted to induce creative and long-term urban developments, however, this has been limited to private high-rise residential buildings. This paper examines two UEC development cases applied along with the SPD in semi-industrial areas for their achievements that differ from former implementations. Our analysis reveals several positive aspects: it provides a sustainable urban infrastructure for the region, overcomes the limitations of the SPD regulation practice, and establishes improved urban environment and design quality oriented toward public interest. The &ldquo, privatization of planning&rdquo, has become an issue in redevelopment projects. However, the two UEC precedents that are discussed imply that building cooperative public&ndash, private partnerships through a reciprocal process will secure more public benefit overall.

This paper presents a holistic approach to sustainable urban brownfield redevelopment where specific focus is put on the integration of a multitude of subsurface qualities in the early phases of the urban redevelopment process, i.e. in the initiative and plan phases. Achieving sustainability in brownfield redevelopment projects may be constrained by a failure of engagement between two key expert constituencies: urban planners/designers and subsurface engineers, leading to missed opportunities and unintended outcomes in the plan realisation phase. A more integrated approach delivers greater benefits. Three case studies in the Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden were used to test different sustainability assessment instruments in terms of the possibility for knowledge exchange between the subsurface and the surface sectors and in terms of cooperative learning among experts and stakeholders. Based on the lessons learned from the case studies, a generic decision process framework is suggested that supports holistic decision making. The suggested framework focuses on stakeholder involvement, communication, knowledge exchange and learning and provides an inventory of instruments that can support these processes.

Príspevok je venovaný problematike environmentálneho zabezpeèenia ako nového nástroja pouívaného pri realizácii environmentálne zameraných projektov. Environmentálne zabezpeèenie poskytuje komplex postupov ktoré tvoria súèas komunitných ekonomických rozvojových iniciatív. Komplexné rieenie environmentálnych problémov, medzi ktoré patria revitalizaèné a rekultivaèné práce oblastí postihnutých priemyselnou èinnosou sa v súèasnosti nezaobíde bez dôsledne pripraveného projektu s ekonomickými a environmentálnymi analýzami ich dopadu na ivotné prostredie a analýzami nákladov na jeho realizáciu, ako aj kladného vyjadrenia dotknutých strán. Environmentálne zabezpeèenie ako efektívny nástroj môe by súèasou komplexného rieenia environmentálnych problémov a jeho základnej èasti prípravnej správy.

The paper deals with spatial planning and conversion issues of the University Campus Borongaj, located on the site of a former military barrack in the eastern part of the City of Zagreb. The conversion process of the former military barracks is based on the establishment of a modern university campus and science park in two steps ; the first one, finished in 2007 and 2008, consisted of the adaptation of 9 military buildings into educational buildings. The second phase, which is to be realized by EU funding, is expected to start soon, on the basis of the approved Zagreb Master plan. University Campus Borongaj is an example of a creative and ambitious brownfield redevelopment initiative, intended to create a whole new „university city“ and to „urbanize“ the eastern, former industrial part of the city. Therefore this paper addresses the way of realization of the conversion process. The research of transportation and heritage issues, spatial identity, participation planning process and functional infrastructure was performed by conducting a survey of the main users of the campus –students. The survey was conducted at the end of 2013 and beginning of 2014 on the sample of 500+ students of 3 faculties located in Borongaj: Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences and Center for Croatian Studies. The questionnaire consisted of 28 questions. The goal of the research is to determine the level of satisfaction of the University Campus Borongaj among students by taking into consideration conversion process issues, uses, functions and traffic connections of the campus and also spatial identity of the campus, as perceived by the students. Positive and negative aspects of redevelopment of campus Borongaj can be used as a model for redevelopment of military brownfields.

Does brownfield redevelopment warrant government support? We explore several external benefits in an urban general equilibrium framework. Preferences are modelled such that demand for housing units in the city is downward sloping, which yields a more general setup than the extreme open and closed city cases. We shed light on the relative importance of general equilibrium effects of nonmarginal redevelopment projects and we isolate the external benefits of the removal of a local nuisance, the exploitation of agglomeration economies and the preservation of open space at the urban fringe. A numerical application indicates that local nuisance and agglomeration effects may push social returns significantly beyond the value of redeveloped land that accrues to its owner. However, depending on the price elasticity of urban housing demand and the strength of agglomeration economies, the amount of preserved greenfield land may be small and it only generates additional benefits to the extent that direct land use policies fail to internalize its value as open space.

The aim of the paper is to address the problems of Brownfield redevelopment Visegrad countries (Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and Hungary) and to show the progress in the solutions of these problems in the recent years. The problem of brownfield redevelopment has a different scale and nature in Slovakia as well as in other Visegrad countries in comparison with West European countries. In the later countries, the brownfields are less frequent and they are less encumbered by bureaucracy and risks. The real estate markets are better developed and they are able to recycle sites whose prior use has become obsolete more easily [1] especially in very good locations. The majority of cities in Visegrad countries have many underused industrial land countries due to their historical development and changes that followed during the transition to a market economy. During the socialist times the absence of land and real estate markets had influenced negatively the structure of socialist cities [2]. Densities and land allocation between different uses – mainly industrial and residential use – were not reflecting demand from consumers but were mostly based on administrative decisions aiming at minimizing input rather than maximizing values [3]. The industrial zones and parks occupied more space than the analogic zones in West European countries. Moreover the central planning systems made the companies’ relocation the difficult process, and so the socialist enterprises often occupied the very good urban locations suitable for more proper development [6]. The economic opening of the Central and Eastern European countries exposed these countries to the global competition. Often the local industry was not able to retain its position in the national markets and the factories were closed. The privatization did not enable to stop this process. Some of the privatizers were motivated by asset stripping, and not by continuing the business operations. The foreign investors were not usually interested to buy old factories, but preferred to build on the greenfields.

The paper discusses how different investment types affect the transformation of the urban environment. In the narrow sense, the research subject is the comparative analysis of the effects produced by Brownfield sites regeneration versus Greenfield investment. An example that illustrates the relation between these investment kinds is Ecka industrial zone in Zrenjanin. The central part of the paper presents the comparative study of the positive and negative effects as the result of Greenfield and Brownfield investments. The main parameters for the analysis of the mentioned investments are determined in accordance with the aspects of sustainable development - specially economic, social and environmental aspect of sustainable development. In terms of urban planning, Brownfield and Greenfield investments primarily differ by the activity distribution and infrastructure equipment. This implies that the positive effects which arise as the result of Greenfield investments are the primary deficiencies of Brownfield regeneration and vice versa. Therefore, the analysis of the sustainable development aspects is presented in the form of an argumentative essay, with the comparison of positive and negative parameters. The paper aims to show how and to what extent can Brownfield site be successfully revitalized in comparison with Greenfield site investment. The last part of the paper is given in the form of final conclusions. The subject of some further research can be based on the analysis of only one among several aspects offered, all in order to understand the needs of the modern city and facilitate its further development.

Los Brownfields son terrenos abandonados y contaminados y son considerados como un problema espacial en las ciudades por sus características de vacio urbano, las cuales traen consecuencias económicas, ambientales y sociales especificas. El presente trabajo final, aborda la rehabilitación de estos sitios desde la disciplina del Diseño Urbano retomando algunos temas de la sostenibilidad y estrategias estudiados de algunos contextos internacionales. Por lo que se formula seis Principios de Diseño, cuyo enfoque principal es la recuperación del valor perdido. Asimismo, se presenta un proyecto para un área específica, a través de la formulación de parámetros de diseño específicos con base en los principios de diseño y la proposición de tres (3) escenarios posibles desde el punto de vista de la dimensión económica, institucional y social de acuerdo las perspectivas de desarrollo del sitio y de su beneficio; produciendo un valor agregado distinto para el sitio. / Abstract. The Brownfields are abandoned and contaminated land and are considered as specific a space problem in cities by urban space characteristics, which bring economic, environmental and social consequences. This document, concentrate on the rehabilitation of these sites from the discipline of urban design reprising some studied issues of sustainability and strategies of some international contexts. What is formulated six principles of design, whose primary focus is the recovery of the lost value. Also presents a project for a specific area, through the formulation of specific design parameters based on the principles of design and the proposition of three (3) possible scenarios from the position of the economic, institutional and social dimension of agreement the prospects of development of the site and its benefit; producing a distinct added value for the site. Maestría

An innovative negotiation methodology for strategic and tactical decision making is proposed for resolving conflicts in brownfield redevelopment. At the strategic level, the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution is systematically employed for determining a potential overall agreement, or set of resolutions, that is politically possible given the competing interests of the decision makers involved in a brownfield redevelopment project. At the tactical level, a possible strategic solution can be studied in depth using utility theory to determine trade-offs or concessions needed to reach a mutually acceptable detailed solution. Also, the proposed negotiation methodology can take into account the attitudes of negotiators and investigates the impact of the negotiators' attitudes on the outcome of negotiations at both levels of negotiation. The design of a negotiation decision support system is put forward to allow the proposed negotiation methodology to be conveniently applied to actual disputes.

Urban environmental regeneration requires strategies for physical re-development which challenge landscape architects, planners, restorationists, managers and educators as the global population shifts to urban areas. These strategies are affected by uncertainty surrounding biophysical processes, socio-cultural influences, and constant change, and are amplified by value-laden issues advocated by stakeholders. This study features an in-depth, longitudinal case study of Tommy Thompson Park, in Toronto, Canada, to examine obvious and subtle influences affecting pre-planning through to development process. Data collected from multiple-methods are presented in a detailed report providing the historical background, context, base information, site analysis, stakeholders, master planning process, program elements and management. Data were also compiled in a time-ordered matrix, aiding the isolation of data at varying spatial and temporal scales and uncovering influential social and ecological patterns and processes. This study reveals the complexity of the process, from predecision-making to design implementation and management.

During the second half of the twentieth century a widespread crisis of numerous industrial sectors contributed to the appearance of derelict industrial areas. In this perspective the recycling of derelict industrial areas is indispensable for sustainable city development in the optic of recovery and conservation of our industrial heritage. The transformation of derelict industrial sites into public spaces represents a significant enhancement to the quality of life and land use, and at the same time marks a new commitment to the transformation of once-industrial sites to new cultural and environmental uses. This requires a new planning approach based on knowledge, new technologies and collaborative design. The present study evaluates three design strategies that might be used to reclaim derelict sites in urban areas transforming them for the society and the environment. Each is strategy related to different landscape characters: the heritage, the environmental and the socio-cultural character. The objective of the present work was to analyse those design strategies used in the reclamation of derelict industrial areas using three representative different case studies: Duisburg Nord, Fresh Kills and Downsview Park. In those projects it was found that the design strategies adopted minimize the environmental impact assuring a harmonious reclamation of the natural and built environments. Landscape architects such as Peter Latz, James Corner and Bruce Mau, have shown how to create culturally stimulating landscapes with a large variety of uses and activities arising out of the derelict remains of past industry.

The aim of this paper is to investigate how brownfield redevelopment might be approached in Croatia. Crucial in such activities is the involvement of many stakeholders, which belong to various institutional arenas, formal and informal, and across levels of government. The term “ brownfields” is commonly used for derelict, abandoned or underused sites and where a real or perceived problem of contamination exists. Besides this perspective, brownfields redevelopment might also be seen as an opportunity for local development initiatives. In Croatia, transition, post-war problems and poor management in state owned as well as privatised enterprises were the main reasons for bankruptcies of many companies in the past 15 years. This created a sad landscape throughout the country where many industrial sites are either underused due to partial privatisations, or are vacant and deteriorate through time. The presence of such industrial sites has various adverse effects not only on the environment, but also on the economic and social health of the regions and localities. In addition to industrial sites, there are sites that can be identified as brownfields such as vacant sites previously used by the Ministry of Defense. Due to the complexity of initiating brownfield redevelopment processes and specific problems in Croatia, economic development initiatives are directed towards attracting “ greenfield” investments, creating new industrial and entrepreneurial zones. At the same time administrative and legal procedures related to spatial planning, issuance of permits and lacking clarity on property rights are perceived as main obstacles to economic development. Brownfield redevelopment is a very concrete issue through which horizontal and vertical impacts of existing public policies and activities in the case of Croatia can be examined. The paper will conclude with the identification of possibilities for new modes of governance and participatory initiatives for brownfield redevelopment in Croatia.

The technological revolution has resulted in fundamental changes as to how and where people work, live and play in modern day society. This has been coupled with unprecedented growth in certain developed countries and has culminated in the creation of new economies based on service provision. Such change has brought with it challenges commonly associated with unpredicted growth; traffic congestion, urban sprawl, the abandonment of inner cities, poor access to education and a perceived lack of affordable housing. However, people now want fewer hours in traffic and more opportunities to enjoy green space, and housing that is both affordable and close to jobs and social activities. They also want healthy cities, towns and suburbs, air and water of the highest quality and a landscape that future generations can be proud to inherit. Advocates in favour of changing from the current development route feel that Smart Development offers the best chance of attaining those goals. Allied to this belief is the recognition of the benefits that accrue out of brownfield redevelopment. One part of the solution proposes the use of future methods like Prospective, to facilitate the adoption of the principles of Smart Development through techniques Scenario Planning. This paper will: • Describe how the global backcloth is changing; • Explain how cities have moved centre stage; • Examine how traditional planning has failed; • Describe the theory and practice of Smart Development; • Explain why there is a need for a Futures approach. In a world with increasing concerns regarding land use and property development, this paper demonstrates possible roles for future methodologies in the mitigation of these issues. The conclusions to be drawn from this paper are that new innovative and creative methods will be needed to ensure neighbourhoods, towns, and regions accommodate growth in ways that are economically sound, environmentally responsible and socially supportive of community livability. The paper will conclude that achieving smarter land use will require a change in the current mind-set and will include encouraging brownfield redevelopment. This will result in greater usage of futures methods like Prospective as policy makers grasp the nettle and witness the benefits of adopting alternative modes of policy evaluation and implementation in landuse.

The paper discusses the possibilities and practices of brownfield and greenfield investment within the Serbian urban development framework. First, a broader context of brownfield regeneration and greenfield investment in transition countries is described. After this introduction, the current urban tendencies and conditions of urban transformation in Serbia are shown. The central part of the paper illustrates a comparative analysis of both positive and negative effects of brownfield and greenfield development. The main parameters for the analysis are determined according to the principal aspects of sustainable development - economic, social, and environmental. An example used to explain the benefits of greenfield investment is that of the Ecka industrial site in Zrenjanin, Serbia. The analysis presents a critical evaluation of the current urban tendencies, and aims to estimate the extent of integration between the development processes. The last part of the paper draws out implications for similar complex urban issues.