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Liver transplantation (LT) is the best treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the surgical technique needs to be improved. The present study aimed to evaluate the "no-touch" technique in LT.From January 2018 to December 2019, we performed a prospective randomized controlled trial on HCC patients who underwent LT. The patients were randomized into two groups: a no-touch technique LT group (NT group, n = 38) and a conventional LT technique group (CT group, n = 46). Operative outcomes and survival in the two groups were analyzed.The perioperative parameters were comparable between the two groups (P0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.732) or overall survival (OS) (P = 0.891). Of 36 patients who were beyond the Hangzhou criteria for LT, the DFS of the patients in the NT group was significantly longer than that in the CT group (median 402 vs. 126 days, P = 0.025). In 31 patients who had portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT), DFS and OS in the NT group were significantly better than those in the CT group (median DFS 420 vs. 167 days, P = 0.022; 2-year OS rate 93.8% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.043). In 14 patients who had diffuse-type HCCs, DFS and OS were significantly better in the NT group than in the CT group (median DFS 141 vs. 56 days, P = 0.008; 2-year OS rate 75.0% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.034). Multivariate analysis showed that for patients with PVTT and diffuse-type HCCs, the no-touch technique was an independent favorable factor for OS (PVTT: HR = 0.018, 95% CI: 0.001-0.408, P = 0.012; diffuse-type HCCs: HR = 0.034, 95% CI: 0.002-0.634, P = 0.024).The no-touch technique improved the survival of patients with advanced HCC compared with the conventional technique. The no-touch technique may provide a new and effective LT technique for advanced HCCs.

Analytical continuous-thrust uncertainty propagation is derived under the control error and the initial navigation error for the linear relative motion near elliptic orbits. Two continuous-thrust control error models are considered: control-linear error model and thrust-magnitude-direction error model. The analytical uncertainty propagation expression is obtained by using the thrust series expansion with respect to eccentric anomaly. Based on the derived analytical uncertainty propagation, the robust energy-optimum and fuel-optimum orbital rendezvous problems are formulated as nonlinear programming ones. In particular, the robust energy-optimum rendezvous problem under the control-linear error model is converted into solving a one-dimensional equation. Several numerical examples indicate that the derived analytical uncertainty propagation is accurate and that the developed robust trajectory optimization approach is computationally efficient.

Structured Query Language (SQL) is the dominant language for managing relational databases. However, complex SQL queries are hard to write and maintain because of the intricate inter-table and inter-column relations. To this end, we propose a novel query language called SQL#, which allows programmers to construct complex queries module by module and explicitly specify the relations between different modules according to the logical steps of constructing queries. Besides, we design a SQL#-based system, aiming to facilitate the maintenance of SQL# queries. Specifically, the system renders a SQL# program into a hierarchical graph, which could help programmers understand the high-level structures of SQL# programs and the intricate relations between different components within SQL# programs. In addition, the system can ease the generation of the intermediate tables that correspond to the logical steps of constructing queries, which could help programmers debug complex SQL# queries. Notably, the design of SQL# makes it easy for the system to generate the hierarchical graph and the intermediate tables. Controlled experiments suggest that the SQL#-based system reduces the durations of writing and understanding database queries by 79% and 39%, respectively, compared to raw SQL code.

The present work performed a combined experimental and numerical investigation of the catalytic ignition and combustion characteristics for a hybrid rocket engine (HRE) using 90% hydrogen peroxide ([Formula: see text]) with a paraffin-based fuel as the propellant system. The variation of the [Formula: see text] decomposition temperature used as the analytical premise was monitored by a thermocouple and laser absorption spectroscopy based on water absorption. The effects of preheating, the number of silver mesh layers, and the usage count for the catalytic bed on the [Formula: see text] decomposition characteristics were analyzed. A preheated 60-layer silver catalyst bed provided the best decomposition performance, including the shortest catalytic decomposition delay time and the highest decomposition efficiency. A two-dimensional numerical model was built to determine the effect of decomposition efficiency decay on the HRE combustion characteristics. Variations in the combustion temperature, combustion chamber pressure, and product distribution were compared for [Formula: see text] decomposition efficiencies ranging from 70 to 100%. As the decomposition efficiency of [Formula: see text] decreased to 80%, part of the oxidizer was blown out the chamber before participating in the combustion, yielding a significant decline in the combustion performance of the hybrid rocket engine. Static firing tests were also used to determine the catalytic ignition and reignition performance of the HRE. The results showed that the performance of the catalytic bed was stable while the reignition process was rapid without a pressure peak.

Extreme wildfires are becoming more common and increasingly affecting Earth’s climate. Wildfires in boreal forests have attracted much less attention than those in tropical forests, although boreal forests are one of the most extensive biomes on Earth and are experiencing the fastest warming. We used a satellite-based atmospheric inversion system to monitor fire emissions in boreal forests. Wildfires are rapidly expanding into boreal forests with emerging warmer and drier fire seasons. Boreal fires, typically accounting for 10% of global fire carbon dioxide emissions, contributed 23% (0.48 billion metric tons of carbon) in 2021, by far the highest fraction since 2000. 2021 was an abnormal year because North American and Eurasian boreal forests synchronously experienced their greatest water deficit. Increasing numbers of extreme boreal fires and stronger climate–fire feedbacks challenge climate mitigation efforts.

The flame dynamics in the combustion chamber of a hybrid rocket motor were visualized using novel chemiluminescence imaging. A multidirectional visualization system employing [Formula: see text] endoscopes generated images based on methylidyne chemiluminescence (CH*), with one endoscope in the precombustion chamber and two in the postcombustion chamber. Images were collected with a high-speed camera using a 1 ms exposure and a 1 kHz frame rate. Fuel grains having a helical or a conventional circular port structures were assessed, and combustion trials were conducted using a laboratory-scale hybrid rocket motor with oxygen as the oxidizer at mass flow rates from 10.43 to [Formula: see text]: equivalent to combustion chamber pressures ranging from 0.7 to 1.24 MPa. Flame structures were observed during the ignition, combustion, and shutdown stages; and the helical grain generated a larger, more intense flame zone. A proper orthogonal decomposition analysis showed that the helical grains also produced a greater degree of turbulence and stronger oscillations. These results confirm that a helical structure increases the flow turbulence and convective heat transfer in the combustion chamber. These effects lead to higher regression rates and better mixing efficiency that may, in turn, provide greater combustion efficiency at optimized oxidizer/fuel ratios.

The methane chemical sink estimated by atmospheric chemistry models (bottom-up method) is significantly larger than estimates based on methyl-chloroform (MCF) inversions (top-down method). The difference is partly attributable to large uncertainties in hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations simulated by the atmospheric chemistry models used to derive the bottom-up estimates. In this study, we propose a new approach based on OH precursor observations and a chemical box model. This approach improves the 3-dimensional distributions of tropospheric OH radicals obtained from atmospheric chemistry models and reconciles the bottom-up and top-down estimates of the methane sink due to chemical loss. By constraining the model simulated OH precursors with observations, the global tropospheric mean OH concentration ([OH]trop-M) is ~10×105 molec cm−3 (which is 2×105 molec cm−3 lower than the original model-simulated global [OH]trop-M) and agrees with that obtained by the top-down method based on MCF inversions. With the OH constrained by precursor observations, the methane chemical loss is 471–508 Tg yr−1 averaged from 2000 to 2009. The new adjusted estimate is more consistent with the top-down estimates in the recent global methane budget by the Global Carbon Project (GCP) (459–516 Tg yr−1) than the bottom-up estimates using the original model-simulated OH fields (577–612 Tg yr−1). The overestimation of global [OH]trop-M and methane chemical loss simulated by the atmospheric chemistry models is caused primarily by the models’ underestimation of carbon monoxide and total ozone column, and overestimation of nitrogen dioxide. Our results highlight that constraining the model simulated OH fields with available OH precursor observations can help improve the bottom-up estimated methane sink.

The spatial transcriptome has enabled researchers to resolve transcriptome expression profiles while preserving information about cell location to better understand the complex biological processes that occur in organisms. Due to technical limitations, the current high-throughput spatial transcriptome sequencing methods (known as next-generation sequencing with spatial barcoding methods or spot-based methods) cannot achieve single-cell resolution. A single measurement site, called a spot, in these technologies frequently contains multiple cells of various types. Computational tools for determining the cellular composition of a spot have emerged as a way to break through these limitations. These tools are known as deconvolution tools. Recently, a couple of deconvolution tools based on different strategies have been developed and have shown promise in different aspects. The resulting single-cell resolution expression profiles and/or single-cell composition of spots will significantly affect downstream data mining; thus, it is crucial to choose a suitable deconvolution tool. In this review, we present a list of currently available tools for spatial transcriptome deconvolution, categorize them based on the strategies they employ, and explain their advantages and limitations in detail in order to guide the selection of these tools in future studies.

Moderate Co3ZnC efficiently boosts hydrogen evolution with a high current density of 1000 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 219 mV via tuning the Co 3d bands, enhancing charge transfer and thus enlarging the electrochemical active surface area.

On account of the enormous role of various government policies, it is very important and valuable to find remarkable independent variables from many practical factors of influencing American economy via choosing suitable methods and effective "optimal" models or equations. Based on the American economic data in practice, in order to creatively analyze and predict American economy under two different government policies, we analyze the relationship between each factor and the economy and obtain some greater impact factors to American gross domestic product (in short, GDP) by using a class of stepwise regression, and then we give optimal analysis and predict the influence to American GDP via employing support vector machine models. Further, we establish data comparison to provide beneficial reference for choosing from two different government policies. Finally, we propose some work for future research.

This review aims to introduce the rich applications of chemical toxicological data for environmental risk assessment and green chemical design by illustrating referable examples or cases. Further, we present a comprehensive toxicology databank.

Photocatalytic degradation plays a crucial role in wastewater treatment, and the key to achieving high efficiency is to develop photocatalytic systems that possess excellent light absorption, carrier separation efficiency, and surface-active sites. Among various photocatalytic systems, S-type heterojunctions have shown remarkable potential for efficient degradation. This work delves into the construction of S-type heterojunctions of ternary indium metal sulfide and bismuth ferrite nanofibers with the introduction of sulfur vacancy defects and morphology modifications to enhance the photocatalytic degradation performance. Through the impregnation method, BiFeO3/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction materials were synthesized and optimized. The 30% BiFeO3/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction exhibited superior photocatalytic performance with higher sulfur vacancy concentration than ZnIn2S4. The in-situ XPS results demonstrate that the electrons between ZnIn2S4 and BFO are transferred via the S-Scheme, and after modification, ZnIn2S4 has a more favorable surface morphology for electron transport, and its flower-like structure interacts with the nanofibers of BFO, which has a further enhancement of the reaction efficiency for degrading pollutants. This exceptional material demonstrated a remarkable 99% degradation of Evans blue within 45 min and a significant 68% degradation of ciprofloxacin within 90 min. This work provides a feasible idea for developing photocatalysts to deal with the problem of polluted water resources under practical conditions.

The fat mass and nutritional status play important roles in the onset and progression of cancer cachexia. The present study evaluated the joint prognostic value of the fat mass, as indicated by the triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), and the serum albumin level, for mortality in patients with cancer cachexia.We performed a multicentre cohort study including 5134 patients with cancer cachexia from January 2013 to April 2019. The sum of the TSF (mm) and serum albumin (g/L) was defined as the triceps skinfold-albumin index (TA). Harrell's C index, a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the prognostic performance of the TA and other indices. Optimal stratification was used to identify the thresholds to define a low TA, and the association of the TA with all-cause mortality was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression models.The study enrolled 2408 women and 2726 men with a median age of 58.6 years and a median follow-up of 44 months. A total of 607 women (TA 49.9) and 817 men (TA 45.6) were classified as having a low TA. The TA showed better discrimination performance (C index = 0.621, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.607-0.636) to predict mortality in patients with cancer cachexia than the handgrip strength, the nutritional risk index, the prognostic nutritional index, the controlling nutritional status index, the systemic immune-inflammation index, the modified Glasgow prognostic score, and the TSF or albumin alone in the study population (all P 0.05). The 1-, 3- and 5-year time-dependent ROC analyses (AUC = 0.647, 0.625 and 0.630, respectively) showed that the TA had the highest prognostic value among all indices investigated (all P 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that a lower TA was associated with an increased death hazard (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.859, 95% CI = 1.677-2.062), regardless of the sex and cancer type. Multivariable survival analysis showed that a lower TA was independently associated with an increased death hazard (HR = 1.381, 95% CI = 1.223-1.560). This association was significantly strengthened in patients who did not receive curative chemotherapy (HR = 1.491, 95% CI = 1.298-1.713), those who had higher serum total protein levels (HR = 1.469, 95% CI = 1.284-1.681) and those with better physical performance (HR = 1.453, 95% CI = 1.271-1.662).This study defined and evaluated a new prognostic index, the TA, which may improve the selection of intervention strategies to optimize the survival of patients with cancer cachexia.

In 2022, under the dual influence of the COVID-19 and the international situation, China's economic development pressure will continue to rise. China has always regarded "innovation" as the core of its national development strategy. With the implementation of Wenzhou's strategy of creating "two healthy" pilot areas in the new era, Wenzhou has put forward many innovative policies. This research intends to collect the innovation policy texts issued by Wenzhou in the past, analyze the characteristics and direction of innovation policy formulation in Wenzhou through word frequency statistical analysis and word cloud map construction, and draw conclusions. The research found that the main direction of innovation policy formulation in Wenzhou is to use innovation to promote Wenzhou's industrial transformation and upgrading and high-quality economic development, including Zhejiang manufacturing, digitization, intelligence, independent innovation and other keywords. Furthermore, Wenzhou Municipal Government can improve the design concept and method of innovation policy from four aspects.