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Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may coexist with other genetic disorders, such as tuberous sclerosis, when deletion in TSC2/PKD1 genes occurs. Recently, the effect of tolvaptan has been explored in ADPKD patients alone, but its safety and efficacy on TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome is unknown. Case Presentation: This report describes the case of an asymptomatic patient with TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome that fulfills the imaging criteria for initiating the treatment with tolvaptan. After twelve months, the patient did not exhibit severe adverse effects and blood pressure control improved. Conclusion: In this TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome single case report, tolvaptan was safe and well-tolerated. More extensive experimental studies are needed to deeply understand the therapeutic implications of vasopressin V2-receptor inhibition in the TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome patients.

BackgroundB-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is the most frequent pediatric cancer worldwide. Despite improvements in treatment regimens, approximately 20% of the cases cannot be cured, highlighting the necessity for identifying new biomarkers to improve the current clinical and molecular risk stratification schemes. We aimed to investigate whether LINC00173 is a biomarker in ALL and to explore its expression level in other human cancer types.MethodsA nested case–control study including Mexican children with BCP-ALL was conducted. LINC00173 expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR using hydrolysis probes. To validate our findings, RNA-seq expression data from BCP-ALL and normal tissues were retrieved from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) repositories, respectively. LINC00173 expression was also evaluated in solid tumors by downloading available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).ResultsA lower expression of LINC00173 in BCP-ALL cases compared to normal subjects was observed (p < 0.05). ALL patients who carry the TCF3/PBX1 fusion gene displayed lower expression of LINC00173 in contrast to other BCP-ALL molecular subtypes (p < 0.04). LINC00173 underexpression was associated with a high risk to relapse (HR = 1.946, 95% CI = 1.213–3.120) and die (HR = 2.073, 95% CI = 1.211–3.547). Patients with TCF3/PBX1 and underexpression of LINC00173 had the worst prognosis (DFS: HR = 12.24, 95% CI = 5.04–29.71; OS: HR = 11.19, 95% CI = 26–32). TCGA data analysis revealed that underexpression of LINC00173 is also associated with poor clinical outcomes in six new reported tumor types.ConclusionOur findings suggest that LINC00173 is a biomarker of poor prognosis in BCP-ALL and other types of cancer. We observed an association between the expression of LINC00173 and TCF3/PBX1 and the risk to relapse and die in BCP-ALL, which is worse in TCF3/PBX1-positive cases displaying underexpression of LINC00173. Experimental studies are needed to provide insight into the LINC00173 and TCF3/PBX relationship.

B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is the most frequent pediatric cancer worldwide. Despite improvements in treatment regimens, approximately 20% of the cases cannot be cured, highlighting the necessity for identifying new biomarkers to improve the current clinical and molecular risk stratification schemes. We aimed to investigate whetherA nested case-control study including Mexican children with BCP-ALL was conducted.A lower expression ofOur findings suggest that

Objective Describe the frequency of thrombotic and non-thrombotic clinical manifestations, laboratory, treatment and prognosis in patients with pediatric primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Material and methods A retrospective study was carried out in patients with a diagnosis of primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, under 16 years of age, under follow-up by the pediatric rheumatology service of the General Hospital, National Medical Center, La Raza, from January 2013 to December 2020. The antiphospholipid syndrome was defined when it met the laboratory criteria of the Sidney criteria and the presence of thrombosis or non-criteria manifestations of the disease (hematological, neurological, cutaneous, renal, cardiac or pulmonary). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and prognosis data were collected. Results We report 32 patients, 21 female (65%) and 11 male (35%), mean age 11.75 years, evolution time 16 weeks. Thrombosis 9 patients (28%), 1 arterial and 8 venous. Non-thrombotic manifestations; Hematologic: thrombocytopenia 22 patients (69%), autoimmune hemolytic anemia 13 (40%), Fisher-Evans syndrome 6 (19%), lupus anticoagulant with hypoprothrombinemia syndrome 2 (6%). Dermatological: livedo reticularis 20 (62%), skin ulcers 2 (6%), Raynaud's phenomenon 8 (25%). Neurological: epilepsy 1 (3%), migraine 3 (9%), chorea 1 (3%) and cognitive impairment 3 (9%). Renal in 4 (13%). Laboratory: prolonged aPTT 30 (93%), lupus anticoagulant 32 (100%), positive IgG anticardiolipin 20 (62%), positive IgM anticardiolipin 19 (60%). AntiB2GPI was performed in only 3 patients, being positive in all. Treatment: anticoagulation in patients with thrombosis, antiplatelet in 23 (72%), steroid 30 (94%), immunosuppressant 30 (94%) and rituximab 4 (12.5%). No deaths were reported. Conclusions The clinical characteristics of patients with pediatric primary antiphospholipid syndrome differ from those presented in adults, since non-thrombotic manifestations are more frequent in children, for which classification criteria that include these manifestations are necessary for a better characterization of the disease in pediatric population.

Cities are a wealth production system that attract more and more people in search of a better lifestyle. Migration to cities affects the demand for more housing, services and facilities that, in many cases, imply uncontrolled urban growth, an increase in the number of vehicles, processes of social segregation and effects on natural systems. Indeed, cities are responsible for 70% of greenhouse gas emissions, one of the causes of climate change. Transportation Oriented Development (TOD) is an urban planning model that considers higher density, mixed land use, promotion of public transportation and also promotes a walkable and cycleable environment. This study aims to identify the characteristics of TOD that, from various studies, contribute to the construction of a more efficient and equitable city. The objective is to identify and define the characteristics that build this urban planning approach. A review of the state of the art was carried out in two phases: the first consisted of a bibliometric review based on the Vosviewer software and in the second, 28 articles published in high-impact journals were reviewed according to the Scimago ranking. The results indicate that several of the characteristics of TOD overlap in several studies and that others are not considered at a general level and should be strengthened.

Mexico City has one of the highest incidences of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) globally, with patients showing low survival, and high relapse rates. To gain more insight into the molecular features of B-ALL in Mexican children, we isolated CD10 + /CD19 + precursor B lymphoblasts from four bone marrow and nine peripheral blood samples of B-ALL patients using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting protocol. The global gene expression profile (BM vs PB) revealed 136 differentially expressed genes; 62 were upregulated (45.6%) and 74 were downregulated (54.4%). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the similarity between pre-B lymphoblast populations. We selected 26 highly significant genes and validated 21 by RT-qPCR (CNN3, STON2, CALN1, RUNX2, GADD45A, CDC45, CDC20, PLK1, AIDA, HCK, LY86, GPR65, PIK3CG, LILRB2, IL7R, TCL1A, DOCK1, HIST1H3G, PTPN14, CD72, and NT5E). The gene set enrichment analysis of the total expression matrix and the ingenuity pathway analysis of the 136 differentially expressed genes showed that the cell cycle was altered in the bone marrow with four overexpressed genes (PLK1, CDC20, CDC45, and GADD45A) and a low expression of IL7R and PIK3CG, which are involved in B cell differentiation. A comparative bioinformatics analysis of 15 bone marrow and 10 peripheral blood samples from Hispanic B-ALL patients collected by the TARGET program, corroborated the genes observed, except for PIK3CG. We conclude the Mexican and the Hispanic B-ALL patients studied present common driver alterations and histotype-specific mutations that could facilitate risk stratification and diagnostic accuracy and serve as potential therapeutic targets.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES O recente processo de paz na Colômbia (2012-2016) figura entre um dos principais acontecimentos contemporâneos nas agendas de paz e segurança na América Latina. Em linhas gerais, as negociações e o Acordo Final delas resultante foram considerados uma história de sucesso na narrativa internacional. De um lado, resultaram no término do conflito civil de mais de cinco décadas entre o Estado colombiano e as FARC-EP. De outro, fizeram isso de acordo com as melhores práticas internacionais em resolução de conflitos e construção da paz, principalmente em termos de adereçamento das raízes estruturais do conflito e de inclusão de atores da sociedade civil local. Nosso objetivo, nessa dissertação, é colocar em xeque essa narrativa de idoneidade e sucesso em torno do processo de paz na Colômbia. Fazemos isso partindo de um ponto de referência distinto do geralmente utilizado nas abordagens acadêmicas a esse conflito, priorizando sujeitos negligenciados por essas abordagens. Nos perguntamos, então: de que maneira as lutas indígenas em torno do processo de paz na Colômbia contribuem para pensar criticamente esse processo de paz? Em nossa argumentação, um primeiro elemento ressaltado pelas lutas indígenas em torno do processo de paz colombiano é que a paz é um conceito inerentemente político, em disputa por diversos atores sociais e suas agendas. Daí, avançamos uma conceitualização da paz como peça no tabuleiro político da Colômbia, demonstrando como foi mobilizada por importantes atores da cena política do país. Um segundo elemento que, em nossa avaliação, fica evidente a partir das lutas indígenas em torno do processo de paz na Colômbia é o que aqui chamamos de Colonialidade da Paz. Trata-se da reprodução, no processo de paz, das relações de poder e hierarquias sociais da matriz colonial de poder estabelecida no sistema-mundo moderno/colonial, notadamente a partir das dimensões da colonialidade do poder, do saber e do ser. A partir dessa percepção, propomos três estratégias analíticas – o resgate do legado colonial, o desvelamento de lógicas coloniais e a abertura de espaço para as vozes, manifestações e lutas subalternas – para pensar na colonialidade da paz na Colômbia. Ao utilizá-las para abordas as lutas indígenas em torno do processo de paz, notamos narrativas de complexificação de discursos sobre a violência; limitações nos modelos de participação no processo de paz e mobilizações sociais para contrarrestar essas limitações. Notamos, então, elementos que pensamos ser providenciais para desvelar a colonialidade presente no processo de paz na Colômbia, e apontar para possíveis horizontes decoloniais em torno da paz. The recent peace process in Colombia (2012-2016) is an important event in contemporary peace and security agendas in Latin America. The negotiations and the Acuerdo de Paz in the country were celebrated in the international narrative as a success story. On the one hand, it has ended more than five decades of conflict between the Colombian state and the FARC-EP. On the other hand, they were able to do it with detailed guidelines and with a large share of the Colombian civilian population. Our objective, in this work, is to test this optimistic narrative around the peace process in Colombia. We asked how do the profits of indigenous organizations face the peace process that contributed to (re) thinking critically about this phenomenon? So, we argue, from reflections on indigenous profits, that peace is a concept in political dispute over its scope and definition. We also argue that the peace processes - notably Colombia - often reproduce speeches and practices of power and racial hierarchy proper to the coloniality of power, to know and to be. Faced with this, we have outlined three analytical strategies - the rescue of colonial historical legacies; the unveiling of colonial logics and the opening of spaces for you and subordinate agencies - which, we think, help us to understand the coloniality of peace and indigenous profits around the recent peace process in Colombia. El reciente proceso de paz en Colombia (2012-2016) es un acontecimiento importante en las agendas contemporáneas de paz y seguridad en América Latina. Las negociaciones y el Acuerdo de Paz en el país fueran celebrados en la narrativa internacional como un caso de suceso. De un lado, punieron fin a más de cinco décadas de conflicto entre el Estado colombiano y las FARC-EP. De otro, lograron hacerlo con pautas osadas y con grande participación de la población civil colombiana. Nuestro objetivo, en ese trabajo, es cuestionar esa narrativa optimista entorno del proceso de paz en Colombia. Indagamos de qué manera las luchas de organizaciones indígenas frente al proceso de paz contribuyen para (re) pensar críticamente en ese fenómeno? Así, argumentamos, a partir de reflexiones acerca de las luchas indígenas, que la paz es un concepto en disputa política acerca de su alcance y definición. Argumentamos, también, que los procesos de paz – notablemente el de Colombia – muchas veces reproducen discursos y prácticas de poder y jerarquización racial propias de la colonialidad del poder, der saber e del ser. Frente a eso, delineamos tres estrategias analíticas – el rescate de los legados históricos coloniales; el desvelamiento de lógicas coloniales y la apertura de espacios para las voces y agencias subalternas – que, pensamos, nos ayudan a comprender la colonialidad de la paz y las luchas indígenas en torno del reciente proceso de paz en Colombia.

Tryptophan hydroxylase-type 2 (Tph2) is the first rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain. The ophthalmic administration (Op-Ad) is a non-invasive method that allows delivering genetic vehicles through the eye and reaches the brain. Here, the murine Tph2 gene was cloned in a non-viral vector (pIRES-hrGFP-1a), generating pIRES-hrGFP-1a-Tph2, plus the FLAG-tag. Recombinant Tph2-FLAG was detected and tested in vitro and in vivo, where 25 μg of pIRES-hrGFP-1a-Tph2-FLAG was Op-Ad to mice. The construct was capable of expressing and producing the recombinant Tph2-FLAG in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo assays showed that the construct efficiently crossed the Hemato-Ocular Barrier and the Blood–Brain Barrier, reached brain cells, passed the optical nerves, and transcribed mRNA-Tph2-FLAG in different brain areas. The recombinant Tph2-FLAG was observed in amygdala and brainstem, mainly in raphe dorsal and medial. Relative Tph2 expression of threefold over basal level was recorded three days after Op-Ad. These results demonstrated that pIRES-hrGFP-Tph2-FLAG, administrated through the eyes was capable of reaching the brain, transcribing, and translating Tph2. In conclusion, this study showed the feasibility of delivering therapeutic genes, such as the Tph2, the first enzyme, rate-limiting step in the 5-HT biosynthesis.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic and end-stage kidney disease worldwide. Its pathogenic mechanism is complex, and it can affect the entire structures of the kidneys such as the glomerulus, tubules and interstitium. Currently, the urinary albumin excretion rate and the estimated glomerular filtration rate are widely accepted as diagnostic criteria. However, some studies have reported a different or non-classical clinical course of DKD, with some patients showing declined kidney function with normal levels of albuminuria, known as the ‘non-albuminuric DKD’ phenotype. The pathogenesis of this phenotype remains unclear, but some clinical and pathological features have been postulated. This review explores the evidence regarding this topic.

Lipodistrofia se trata de uma disfunção ocasionada pelo acúmulo de células de gordura no tecido, que pode ser causado por diversos fatores, como hereditariedade, má postura, alimentação inadequada, dentre outros. O ultrassom terapêutico de 3 MHz é um equipamento que se mostra bastante eficaz para o tratamento de disfunções estéticas, dentre elas o acúmulo irregular de gordura. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura cujo objetivo geral foi avaliar os efeitos do ultrassom terapêutico associado à cafeína para o tratamento da lipodistrofia localizada. Este estudo consistiu em levantamentos bibliográficos nas bases eletrônicas como: a Scientific Eletronic Library Online – Scielo, Bireme, e Google acadêmico e LILACS (Literatura científica e técnica da América Latina e Caribe), a seleção dos artigos foi feita segundo a leitura da revisão e da introdução dos mesmos. Após seleção e análise desses materiais foi identificado a eficácia do ultrassom para o tratamento da lipodistrofia localizada, devido seu efeito térmico e mecânico agitando assim as moléculas, e a cafeína com efeito lipolítico. Conclui-se que as literaturas existentes, há diversos materiais que comprovam a eficácia do US e cafeína, a associação de ambos, pode promover respostas bastante satisfatórias no tratamento dessa disfunção estética.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different forms of reimplantation of pasture with and without phosphatation aiming to contribute to the increase of soybean yield. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Universidade do Oeste Paulista (Unoeste), located in the municipality of Presidente Bernardes - SP. The design was done with split plot scheme, containing four replicates. The plots were constituted with 4 kg ha-1 of Urochloa brizantha (Marandu grass), BNS + Seeding in haul, BNS + Seeding in line consortium with soybean as subplots (with and without phosphatation). The following were analyzed: number of tillers and dry mass yield (PMS); analysis of plant tissue from pasture; foliar diagnosis analysis; and components of production and production of soy. Analyzed variables were submitted to analysis of variance (p

Atualmente, mudas de diversas fruteiras são produzidas no cultivo protegido, com o uso de substratos aliados a adubações. Há necessidade de substrato de fácil aquisição e que proporcione mudas de boa qualidade. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes substratos comerciais e doses de nitrogênio sobre o desenvolvimento de mudas de maracujazeiro em condições protegidas. Os tratamentos consistiram de três substratos comerciais (Bioplant®, Fibra de coco e Vivato®) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0; 150; 300 e 600 mg dm-³ N). Após 120 dias, avaliou-se a altura de planta, número de folhas, peso da matéria seca de parte aérea (MSPA), raizes (MSR) e total (MST) e o teor de clorofila (SPAD). Na altura das plantas, a Fibra de Coco diferiu significativamente dos demais substratos. A altura máxima de 122 cm foi obtida na dose de 600 mg dm-³ de N. No número de folhas a Fibra de coco proporcionou a melhor resposta com média de 20 folhas, sendo superiores Bioplant® e Vivatto®. Na MSPA a Fibra de Coco e Bioplant® foram superiores em relação ao Vivatto®, e na avaliação de MST observou-se o acúmulo máximo de 19 g de matéria seca das mudas na dose de 600 mg dm-³ de N nas plantas desenvolvidas com Bioplant®. No teor de clorofila os melhores resultados foram obtidos no substrato Bioplant® com média de valores SPAD de 40, mas não houve diferença para a Fibra de coco.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências da Educação: Área de Especialização em Administração Educacional

The aim of this work was to evaluate commercially available substrates and levels of potassium on the development of passion fruit seedlings in protected conditions. The experiment was conducted at the city of Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo within the period from April to September of 2010. The treatments were made with three different substrates (Bioplant®, Coconut fiber and Vivatto®) and four levels of potassium (0, 150, 300 and 600 mg-1 of K dm-³), arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial design with five repetitions. The following parameters were analyzed 120 days after seedlings transplanting: Plant height, number of leaves, length of root, dry matter of shoot, root, total matter and chlorophyll content. The dose of 600 mg dm-3 of K provided the highest seedling height, 85.83 cm independent of the substrate. The commercial substrates Bioplant® and Coconut fiber with a dose of 150 mg dm-3 of K influenced the maximum accumulation of total dry matter of seedlings. However, Vivatto® substrate provided the highest accumulation of total dry matter with application dose of 600 mg dm-3 of K. Mineral potassium fertilization in the substrate Bioplant® and Coconut fiber with a dose of 150 mg dm-3 reduced the length of passion fruit’s roots. Key words: Passiflora edulis Sims., mineral nutrition, protected cultivation.

Introdução: O trabalho em espaços confinados apresenta um conjunto de fatores de risco que colocam em causa a segurança e a saúde do trabalhador. No presente estudo os objetivos foram: verificar a influência dos fatores sociodemográficos e dos hábitos dos trabalhadores offshore na sintomatologia depressiva e na prevalência da insónia; verificar se a prevalência de depressão dos trabalhadores offshore influencia a prevalência de insónia Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo transversal analítico. De um universo de 120 trabalhadores a amostra final ficou constituída por 102 trabalhadores (99,0% do género masculino, com idades entre os 26 e os 59 e com uma média de 39,13 anos). Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário auto-aplicado constituído por questões sociodemográficas e profissionais dos trabalhadores, hábitos de sono e sintomas de insónia avaliados através dos critérios da DSM-IV e o inventário depressivo de Beck (Beck et al, 1961) para avaliar a sintomatologia depressiva. Resultados: Existe relação estatisticamente significativa entre a prevalência de depressão e prevalência de insónia. Quem tem depressão apresenta uma percentagem significativamente superior de prevalência de insónia, em comparação com quem não tem depressão (92,3% vs 20,7%). Os fatores sociodemográficos têm influência na sintomatologia depressiva e na prevalência de insónia. Conclusão: Podemos concluir que os trabalhadores solteiros/separados, sem residência, com sistemas de rotação mais alargados e sem prática de atividade física têm mais sintomatologia depressiva. Os trabalhadores mais jovens e sem residência apresentaram mais perturbações de sono. Foi possível verificar também que os trabalhadores que apresentam sintomatologia depressiva têm maior prevalência de insónia. Palavras-chave: adulto, offshore, sintomatologia depressiva, perturbações de sono, insónia. Abstract Introduction: Work in confined spaces presents a wide range of risk factors that jeopardize worker safety and health. In the present study we intend to investigate the influence of the environmental context of the offshore workers of an oil platform, regarding the consequences of the confinement in the work in offshore context and also analyze the relation with the depressive symptomatology and the sleep disturbances of the workers. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out. From a universe of 120 workers, the final sample consisted of 102 workers (99.0% male, aged 26 to 59 and an average of 39.13 years). Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic and occupational issues of workers, sleep habits and insomnia symptoms assessed using the DSM-IV criteria and the Beck Depressive Inventory (Beck et al, 1961) to evaluate the depressive symptomatology. Results: There is a statistically significant relationship between the prevalence of depression and the prevalence of insomnia. Those who have depression present a significantly higher percentage of insomnia prevalence compared to those who do not have depression (92.3% vs 20.7%). Socio-demographic factors have an influence on depressive symptomatology and prevalence of insomnia. Conclusion: We can conclude that single/separated workers, without residence, with wider rotation systems and without physical activity practice have greater depressive symptomatology. Younger workers with no residence reported more sleep disorders. It was also possible to verify that workers with depressive symptomatology have a higher prevalence of insomnia. Keywords: Adult; offshore, depressive symptoms, insomnia, sleep disorders.

In Mexico, leukemia represents the most common type of cancer in the population under 15 years old with a high incidence rate when compared with developed countries. The etiology of leukemia may be unknown, however different factors are involve such as chromosomal translocations. The aim of this work is to detect the molecular alterations: TEL-AML1, MLL-AF4, BCR-ABL minor and E2A-PBX1 in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.91 bone marrow samples were collected from pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from january 2012 to march 2013 at the Pediatric Hematology Service, Hospital General "Gaudencio González Garza". Translocations detected (TEL-AML1, MLL-AF4, BCR-ABL minor and E2A-PBX1) using real time PCR, SYBR Green (Qiagen, Alameda, CA).91 samples were processed, the detected frequencies for each translocation were: TEL-AML1 (7.21%), E2A-PBX1 (5.15%). The MLL-AF4 and the BCR-ABL minor translocations were not detected in this study.The frequencies shown in this study are consistent with the data shown in the literature, where TEL-AML1 is the most common translocation found in pediatric patients. It is of relevance to mention that E2A-PBX1 is found in a high frequency in developing countries when compared with developed countries.Introducción: en México, las leucemias representan el tipo de cáncer más frecuente en la población menor de 15 años con una tasa de incidencia alta cuando se compara con países desarrollados. La etiología de las leucemias puede ser desconocida, sin embargo se presentan distintos factores que pueden condicionar la enfermedad, tal es el caso de las translocaciones cromosómicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es detectar las alteraciones moleculares: TEL-AML1, MLL-AF4, BCR-ABL menor y E2A-PBX1 en los pacientes pediátricos con leucemia aguda linfoblástica. Métodos: se colectaron 91 muestras de médula ósea de enero de 2012 a marzo de 2013 de pacientes pediátricos con leucemia aguda linfoblástica del Servicio de Hematología. Se detectaron las translocaciones (TEL-AML1, MLL-AF4, BCR-ABL menor y E2A-PBX1) con técnicas moleculares de tiempo real con SYBR Green (Qiagen, Alameda, CA). Resultados: se procesaron 91 muestras, las frecuencias detectadas para cada una de las translocaciones fueron: TEL-AML1 (7.21%), E2A-PBX1 (5.15%). Las translocaciones MLL-AF4 y BCR-ABL menor no fueron detectadas en este estudio. Conclusiones: las frecuencias mostradas en este estudio están en concordancia con los datos mostrados en la literatura donde TEL-AML1 es la translocación más común encontrada en pacientes pediátricos. Es importante mencionar que E2A-PBX1 se encuentra en una frecuencia alta en países en vías de desarrollo al comparase con países desarrollados.

Background and Aims Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the leading cause of childhood cancer-related deaths worldwide. Multiples studies have shown that ALL seems to be originated by an interaction between environmental and genetic susceptibility factors. The ARID5B polymorphisms are among the most reproducible ALL associated-risk alleles in different populations. The aim of the present study was to examine the contribution of ARID5B, CEBPE, and PIP4K2 risk alleles for the development of ALL in children from Mexico City and Yucatan, Mexico. Methods A study was conducted with a total of 761 unrelated subjects. Two hundred eighty five ALL cases (111 from Yucatan and 174 from Mexico City) and 476 healthy subjects. Genotyping included the rs7088318 ( PIP4K2A ), rs10821936 ( ARID5B ), rs7089424 ( ARID5B ) and rs2239633 ( CEBPE ) polymorphisms. Results Associations between ALL and rs10821936 and rs7089424 ARID5B SNPs were found (OR = 1.9, 95% CI (1.5–2.4) and OR = 2.0, 95% CI (1.6–2.5), respectively). Moreover, a higher risk was observed in the homozygous risk genotypes of carriers from Mexico City (OR = 3.1, 95% CI (2.0–4.9) and OR 3.1, CI 95% (2.0–4.8), respectively). Otherwise, the rs7088318 ( PIP4K2A ) and rs2239633 ( CEBPE ) polymorphisms were not associated with ALL risk. Conclusions Our analysis suggests that ARID5B confers risk for childhood ALL in a Mexican population.

Background and Aims It has been demonstrated that heterozygote and homozygote thiopurine S-methyltransferase ( TPMT ) mutant allele carriers are at high risk to develop severe and potentially fatal hematopoietic toxicity after treatment with standard doses of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and methotrexate (MX). Those drugs are the backbone of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and several autoimmune disease treatments. We undertook this study to determine the frequency of the TPMT deficient alleles in children with ALL and non-ALL subjects from Mexico City and Yucatan, Mexico. Methods We included 849 unrelated subjects, of which 368 ALL children and 342 non-ALL subjects were from Mexico City, and 60 ALL cases and 79 non-ALL individuals were from Yucatan. Genotyping of the rs1800462, rs1800460 and rs1142345 SNPs was performed by 5′exonuclease technique using TaqMan probes (Life Technologies Foster City, CA). Results The mutant TPMT alleles were present in 4.8% (81/1698 chromosomes) and only 0.2% were homozygote TPMT*3A/TPMT*3A . We did not find statistically significant differences in the distribution of the mutant alleles between patients from Mexico City and Yucatan in either ALL cases or non-ALL. Nonetheless, the TPMT*3C frequency in ALL patients was higher than non-ALL subjects ( p = 0.03). To note, the null homozygous TPMT*3A/TPMT*3A genotype was found in 2.5% of the non-ALL subjects. Conclusions TPMT mutant alleles did not exhibit differential distribution between both evaluated populations; however, TPMT*3C is overrepresented in ALL cases in comparison with non-ALL group. Assessing the TPMT mutant alleles could benefit the ALL children and those undergoing 6-MP and MX treatment.

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] was discovered by Kare Berg in 1963 from the study of low-density lipoprotein genetic variants. Lp(a) contains a unique protein, apolipoprotein(a), which is linked to the Apo B-100 through a disulfide bond that gives it a great structural homology with plasminogen, and confers it atherogenic and atherothrombotic properties. Interest in Lp(a) has increased because an important association between high plasma levels of Lp(a) and coronary artery disease and cerebral vascular disorders has been demonstrated. Numerous case control studies have confirmed that hyper-Lp(a) is a risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease. Lp(a) is identified as a genetic trait with autosomal transmission, codified by one of the most studied polymorphic genes in humans. It has been demonstrated that variations in this gene are a major factor in the serum levels of Lp(a). Variations differ considerably between individuals and sex across populations. Various approaches to drug treatment using fibric acid derivatives, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, alcohol extracted soy protein, niacin, and exercise have been proven to decrease Lp(a) in high risk patients, but none has really been an effective therapeutic option for successfully reducing Lp(a) plasma levels.

Recently, it has been suggested that non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol measure is a useful evaluation tool to assess heart disease death risk. The non-HDL cholesterol is defined as the value between total cholesterol and HDL - total cholesterol, and it involves the different fractions of lipoproteins: low-density lipoprotein, intermediate-density lipoprotein, and very low density lipoprotein, including highly atherogenic lipoproteins as very low density lipoprotein remnants. The purpose of this study was to compare the values of non-HDL cholesterol as a cardiovascular risk marker in a control population, and one diabetic and hypertensive. It was demonstrated that the mean values of non-HDL cholesterol in the diseased groups were higher than the values from the control group, whereas the low-density lipoprotein showed no marked difference in high-risk patients. Non-HDL cholesterol has shown to be a quick and simple way to estimate the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

A questão das origens das nações na América espanhola é bastante comple­xa, principalmente pelos mitos e luga­res-comuns elaborados por quase dois séculos de imaginário nacional. A par­tir das diferentes identidades culturais até a separação política da Espanha pe­ninsular, desenvolveu-se uma série de mutações e mediações históricas, como o conceito de "americanidade" e o mo­derno conceito de nação. (Tradução Marco Morel)

A indústria sementeira nacional está em franca expansão, atendendo demandas de exportação e importação. Devido ao aumento das exigências por qualidade, as indústrias desenvolveram tratamentos de revestimento, a fim de agregar valor às sementes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar sementes de Urochloa ruzizienses cv Ruzizienses e UrochloabrizanthacvXaraésrevestidas e não revestidas, em relação caixas plásticas para germinaçãoà absorção de água. O experimento foi conduzido, no Laboratório de Análises de Sementes da Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente. Foram utilizadas sementes revestidas e não revestidas da variedadeUrochloa ruzizienses cv Ruzizienses eUrochloabrizanthacvXaraésrevestidas e não revestidas, sendo originárias de mesmo lote e obtidas junto àuma empresa da região de Presidente Prudente (SP). Para determinação da curva de embebição, foram realizadas três repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento e por período de embebição (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 e 144 horas), sendo acondicionadas em caixas plásticas para germinação, sobre papel umedecido com água e armazenada em câmara de germinação a 25ºC. Quando transcorrido cada tempo, as sementes foram transferidas para latas de metal, em seguida pesadas e colocadas a 105ºC por 24 horas, para obtenção da massa seca. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para calcular o grau de umidade, em percentagem. Assim, o experimentos foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições por tratamento. Aplicou-seteste F e comparação de médias por Tukey (P

Mexico has one of the highest incidences of childhood leukemia worldwide and significantly higher mortality rates for this disease compared with other countries. One possible cause is the high prevalence of gene rearrangements associated with the etiology or with a poor prognosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aims of this multicenter study were to determine the prevalence of the four most common gene rearrangements [ETV6-RUNX1, TCF3-PBX1, BCR-ABL1, andMLLrearrangements] and to explore their relationship with mortality rates during the first year of treatment in ALL children from Mexico City. Patients were recruited from eight public hospitals during 2010–2012. A total of 282 bone marrow samples were obtained at each child’s diagnosis for screening by conventional and multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to determine the gene rearrangements. Gene rearrangements were detected in 50 (17.7%) patients.ETV6-RUNX1was detected in 21 (7.4%) patients,TCF3-PBX1in 20 (7.1%) patients,BCR-ABL1in 5 (1.8%) patients, andMLLrearrangements in 4 (1.4%) patients. The earliest deaths occurred at months 1, 2, and 3 after diagnosis in patients withMLL, ETV6-RUNX1, andBCR-ABL1gene rearrangements, respectively. Gene rearrangements could be related to the aggressiveness of leukemia observed in Mexican children.

Background Eczema, rhinitis, and asthma often coexist (comorbidity) in children, but the proportion of comorbidity not attributable to either chance or the role of IgE sensitisation is unknown. We assessed these factors in children aged 4-8 years. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we assessed children from 12 ongoing European birth cohort studies participating in MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy). We recorded current eczema, rhinitis, and asthma from questionnaires and serum-specific IgE to six allergens. Comorbidity of eczema, rhinitis, and asthma was defined as coexistence of two or three diseases in the same child. We estimated relative and absolute excess comorbidity by comparing observed and expected occurrence of diseases at 4 years and 8 years. We did a longitudinal analysis using log-linear models of the relation between disease at age 4 years and comorbidity at age 8 years. Findings We assessed 16 147 children aged 4 years and 11 080 aged 8 years in cross-sectional analyses. The absolute excess of any comorbidity was 1.6% for children aged 4 years and 2.2% for children aged 8 years; 44% of the observed comorbidity at age 4 years and 50.0% at age 8 years was not a result of chance. Children with comorbidities at 4 years had an increased risk of having comorbidity at 8 years. The relative risk of any cormorbidity at age 8 years ranged from 36.2 (95% CI 26.8-48.8) for children with rhinitis and eczema at age 4 years to 63.5 (95% CI 51.7-78.1) for children with asthma, rhinitis, and eczema at age 4 years. We did longitudinal assessment of 10 107 children with data at both ages. Children with comorbidities at 4 years without IgE sensitisation had higher relative risks of comorbidity at 8 years than did children who were sensitised to IgE. For children without comorbidity at age 4 years, 38% of the comorbidity at age 8 years was attributable to the presence of IgE sensitisation at age 4 years. Interpretation Coexistence of eczema, rhinitis, and asthma in the same child is more common than expected by chance alone both in the presence and absence of IgE sensitisation suggesting that these diseases share causal mechanisms. Although IgE sensitisation is independently associated with excess comorbidity of eczema, rhinitis, and asthma, its presence accounted only for 38% of comorbidity, suggesting that IgE sensitisation can no longer be considered the dominant causal mechanism of comorbidity for these diseases.

In the field of modern political regimes, Spanish America holds a very special and, in some respects, paradoxical place. Indeed, even today, actual political life is very far from reflecting not only the constitutional clauses but even certain rules generally accepted in Western democracies. Political regimes are often ephemeral and dictatorships frequently interrupt institutional continuity. Pronunciamientos, coups d'état, rebellions and revolutions have been common means of coming to power, at least as common as elections. The political stage has often been occupied by particular human types: caudillos, caciques, charismatic leaders, guerrillas, revolutionaries…

During workover and well completion operations several sub-events are performed to put a well back on production or to start production on a new well. These events are carefully planned considering people, environment, reservoir, wellbore integrity, well productivity and final cost of workover and Completion. In the oil business optimizing production costs is the way to go when a project is conducted with financial based criteria, but thinking about maximizing well productivity and avoiding deferred production is also important when a project is being planned. Conventional wellbore cleanup practices are often used in the industry but sometimes this process is not considered as an important part of the operations. Common problems associated to oil production that may reduce the well productivity like inorganic scale, sand, corrosion, paraffin and asphaltenes can be removed with specific wellbore cleanup tools and techniques. The time associated to clean up a well represents 40% up to 60% of the total workover time using conventional cleaning tools. Continuous process improvement and risk management has helped to use an alternative method that improved cleaning process reducing time and all the associated costs, this method includes the use of new technology on non rotating tools (scrappers and brushes), magnets, filters and sand recovery tools. Additional benefits are also obtained using this new technology, such as minimizing non-productive time, reduction of formation damage due to workover fluids and rock interaction, improvement of ESPs run life among others. This paper describes how changing the wellbore cleanup methods and the use of appropriate tools had permitted to reduce rig time in about 30% when a well is being intervened. The study includes information of one year using wellbore cleanup tools in more than 70 wells in Tarapoa onshore Field located in Ecuador. Significant cost reduction and anticipated oil production demonstrate that this method can be economically applied.

Entre las ultimas decadas del siglo xviii y las primeras del xix, el mundo iberoamericano experimento su mayor mutacion cultural desde la Conquista. Triunfan entonces concepciones radicalmente nuevas -revolucionarias- sobre la sociedad y la politica y, con ellas, practicas sociales ineditas que van a configurar un nuevo espacio publico. Estas profundas mutaciones trastornan el antiguo espacio publico: las maneras que los hombres tenian de relacionarse y de comunicarse entre si y con sus autoridades. Implicita o explicitamente aparece tambien entonces la voluntad, a veces abrupta, de transformar el heterogeneo publico del Antiguo Regimen -catolico, corporativo y monarquico- en un pueblo liberal, individualista y republicano. Transformaciones tan radicales no podian imponerse de golpe y enteramente; por eso las permanencias, las resistencias y las adaptaciones son en este campo tan importantes como las novedades y las rupturas. A unas y otras estan dedicados los capitulos de este libro. Algunos estudian las practicas individuales o colectivas vinculadas a la libertad de imprenta, los periodicos y la lectura, las formas democraticas de sociabilidad, la formacion de la opinion publica. Otros muestran, al contrario, como las "costumbres"anteriores a la mutacion de los anos 1810 y 1820, lejos de desaparecer, subsisten en una compleja y ambigua hibridacion con las practicas modernas. Medios de comunicacion tan concretos como el pasquin, el rumor o el repique de campanas; formas de movilizacion codificadas y ordenadas por valores antiguos; las plazas y calles como espacios muy concretos de intercambio sobreviven victoriosamente a la aparicion de la informacion impresa y ala difusion de nuevas formas de sociabilidad cultural y politica. Otros, en fin, ponen de manifiesto la paradojica marginacion popular que lleva consigo la afirmacion de la nueva nocion de lo publico.

Acostumbrados a considerar la Independencia de la America hispanica como un fenomeno natural, producto de causas necesarias, nos es dificil aun concebir hasta que punto ese proceso fue aleatorio y traumatico para los que lo vivieron. En efecto, lo que la historia patria presento despues como la marcha ineluctable hacia la Independencia y la modernidad politica fue en realidad la consecuencia de la ruptura de la monarquia hispanica, un conjunto politico multisecular de una extraordinaria cohes...

Dans le vaste champ de recherche sur les différents groupes sociaux, l’étude des intellectuels occupe une place toute particulière, et, pour tout dire, tardive. Non pas que ce monde nous soit resté inconnu: l’histoire des idées et l’histoire littéraire se sont penchées depuis longtemps sur une partie de ces hommes. Mais elles l’ont souvent fait par le biais de la biographie, de l’analyse des courants idéologiques ou artistiques ou bien encore par l’étude des générations culturelles. Approches...

Lorsque, il y a quelques années, nous donnions à ce Colloque le titre : “Le Nouveau Monde-Mondes Nouveaux. L’expérience américaine”, ces termes contenaient une problématique qui s’appliquait aussi — et l’on serait tenté de dire d’abord — aux questions politiques. En effet, la conquête — ou la colonisation —, l’organisation et le contrôle par les Européens de terres et de peuples jusqu’alors inconnus sont des phénomènes qui relèvent par excellence du domaine du politique. Du politique, au sen...

With the proclamation, by the Cortes of Cadiz and the American 'juntas', of the freedom of the press, the years 1808-1814 will witness the rise of modern public opinion with the publication of many newspapers and gazettes. Outside government circles and the printed world, there are also a lot of manuscripts used by the elites in their discussions and also by lower social groups to protest and present their claims. It is through all this material that we could follow the big political debates and to analyse sociability circles and the communication networks which continue to be the space of free opinion.