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本研究では、Fe50Pd50-xNix(x=6, 12, 25, 38, 44)の混合粉末を6GPaの高圧下で高圧ねじり(HPT)加工を行い、巨大ひずみを導入して固溶体状態のバルク状に固化した。続く熱処理で L10 構造の規則化を図った。X線回折(XRD)で規則相生成を確認し、振動試料型磁気力計(VSM)で保持力や飽和磁化を測定した。また、光電子顕微鏡(PEEM)を用いて試料表面の組成分布、磁区構造を調べた。これよりFe50Pd50におけるPdのNiによる置換がどの程度可能かについて検討した。

軽量気泡コンクリート（ALC）はトバモライトを主要構成鉱物とする建築材料であるが、これをゾノトライト系とした場合、より熱収縮特性に優れた建築材料となる可能性がある。しかし、ALC同様に気泡を有して、セメントを主原料としたゾノトライトの水熱合成方法は確立されていない。本研究では、ゾノトライト系軽量硬化体の水熱合成条件の検討と、基礎性状の把握を目的とした。その結果、CaO/SiO2モル比1.0配合における生成を確認し、210℃および230℃の養生とした場合、養生時間増加に伴いゾノトライトへと転移する傾向を得た。また、ゾノトライトの生成量増加に伴い圧縮強度は低下し、乾燥収縮は低減される傾向を得た。, Autoclaved lightweight concrete（ALC）is a building material with Tobermorite as the major constituent mineral, but when it is regarded as a Xonotlite type, there is a possibility of becoming a building material superior with heat shrinkage characteristics. However, similar to ALC, bubbles are present, and hydrothermal synthesis method of Xonotlite using cement as a main raw material has not been established. In this study, we aimed to establish hydrothermal synthesis conditions of Xonotlite based lightweight cured body and to grasp the fundamental properties. As a result, it is shown that the CaO/SiO2 molar ratio of 1.0 was confirmed for the formation of Xonotlite. In case of autoclaving curing at 210 ℃ and 230 ℃, the tendency to transition to the Xonotlite with increasing autoclaving time was obtained. Additionally, the compressive strength decrease and drying shrinkage reduce with the improvement of production amount of Xonotlite.

If portable apparatuses for X-ray diffraction analysis are applied more practically in the field of conservation science, it would be possible to obtain further information about the materials used in cultural properties. The aim of the present study is to develop atwo-dimensional imaging detector for X-ray diffraction and to evaluate its performance. An X-ray detector was constructed using gas electron multiplier foils. For data acquisition, new IC chips called “STRIPIX”,which were developed for tracking detectors in high energy physics,were mounted on the signal readout board.Pixel-type electrodes arearranged two-dimensionally on the STRIPIX chip and electric signals deposited on each row and column are collected and added,thus reducing the number of readout channels.By using this new and simple system, the Debye-Scherrer ring from a powder sample was successfully detected as a two-dimensional image. The next step is to improve the resolution of images and safety to cultural properties during investigation.

The purpose of this study is creation of biomaterials from titanium dioxide (TiO2). This TiO2 has known for photocatalysis and osteogenesis. For the purpose of applying this function to orthodontic brackets and coating materials for implant, the relationship between surface of sintered and cell proliferation were examined. In addition, crystal structure and the surface property of sintering TiO2 were investigated. TiO2 were sintered at 1300°C for use as samples. We examined surface roughness, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to make observations of the surface properties and texture. Moreover, mouse osteoblast-like cell line, MC3T3-E1 was cultured on sintered TiO2 in order to evaluate the cell proliferation and ALP. For the samples sintered at 1300°C, the crystalline phase of rutile-type TiO2 was confirmed.5000-fold magnified SEMimages of the surface of the unsintered samples, needle-like TiO2 crystals were pressure welded and showed mutual overlap, with pores occurring among the crystals. Sintering at 1300°C produced numerous small pores. Rutile TiO2 as a starting material was sintered at 1300°C and subjected to a cell culture experiment in which MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the sample, followed by viable cell counting and cell morphology observationon days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of culture. In the test of cell proliferation, sintered at 1300°C samples was found to remarkable cell proliferation even after time had passed. ALP activity of cells on 1300°C TiO2 sample, the values were 110% and 126% on days 14 and 28 of culture, respectively. These changes were calculated using polystyrene dish as the reference condition. Thus, TiO2 sintered at 1300°C showed good compatibility and increase in the ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells.

銅濃度の異なる金銀パラジウム合金の硬さと耐食性について検討した。合金試料は、Pdを20%、Auを12%と固定して、Cuを10%と20%とする2種類を用いた。鋳造した試料は800℃で1時間加熱後急冷し、軟化熱処理とした。さらに、軟化熱処理を施した試料に400℃、10分間の硬化熱処理を行った。いずれの合金の鋳造組織も800℃、1時間の拡散処理で単相にならず、銅濃度が高い場合ウィドマンステッテン様組織がみられた。銅濃度が高いと、熱処理後の硬さは顕著に増加し、分極曲線は高電位側にシフトした。熱処理による硬さと分極曲線の挙動は、合金成分の固溶と析出現象で説明できた。

鋳造用埋没材に利用する合成ベルリナイト耐火材の加熱特性について検討した。合成ベルリナイトのα-β転移温度と再組織型転移温度は熱分析により、また加熱時の相変化は、X線回折法により検討した。さらに、合成ベルリナイト耐火材の加熱膨張量を評価するため、リン酸塩埋没材を試作し、その加熱時と冷却時の寸法変化を検討した。合成ベルリナイトのα-β転移温度、再組織型転移温度は、それぞれ582～588℃、965～1,010℃を示した。合成物はほとんどベルリナイトであったが、少量のトリジマイト相やAl(PO3)3が生成していた。800℃の加熱処理では、相変化は見られなかったが、900℃の加熱処理によりクリストバライト相が生成し、1,100℃加熱処理では、すべてクリストバライト相に転化した。試作リン酸塩系埋没材では、シリカ系埋没材には見られない加熱膨張挙動と非常大きい加熱膨張量(2.4～5.4%)を示した。この埋没材の転移温度と転移膨張をコントロールすることによって、加熱膨張のみによる鋳造収縮補償の可能性が示唆された。

金銀パラジウム合金に着目し口腔内において、どの成分があるいはどの相が腐食し、それがどのように進行していくのか等について、約1年間口腔内で使用され、暗灰色に変色した金銀パラジウム合金製の鋳造鉤について、X線マイクロアナライザー(XMA)、X線回折装置(XRD)、そして光電子分光分析装置(XPS)で腐食の状況を観察し、合金表面が変色する原因を検討した。口腔内に装着されていた5個の鋳造鉤の表面を接写した。高倍率のSEM像から、装着時の充分に鏡面研磨されていた状態からは大きく変化して、比較的平滑な領域と局部的に特定の相が深く侵食された領域が見られた。X線回折測定の検出限界内では、鉤の表面部には鋳造組織を反映したこれらの三相のみであり、硫化物や酸化物のピークは認めなかった。XPSの結果から原子レベルの最表層領域においても硫化銀や酸化銅は確認されず、このことはすべての試料に共通の結果であった。

本研究室では、超伝導薄膜の作製を行っている。作製された超伝導薄膜の結晶構造は、4軸X線回折装置により評価された。X線回折測定の結果は、付属のソフトウェアにより表示可能であるが、3次元(3D)的に表示させることが出来ないため、視覚的に分かりにくいという問題があった。そこで我々は、LabVIEWを用いて、X線回折測定結果を3D表示させるプログラムを作成した。LabVIEWは、世界中の理工系分野で用いられている計測・制御用ソフトウェアであり、視覚的にプログラムを構築することが出来るため、短期間で実用的なソフトウェアの開発が可能である。本論文では、X線回折測定結果を視覚的に分かりやすく3D表示させるプログラム以外に2D表示で結晶構造を解析するプログラムも作成したので、合わせて報告する。

The fatigue destruction strength of titanium materials is increased by annealing at 450℃. It is considered that this is because the residual strain is removed. Therefore, in this study, the thermal treatment of titanium materials after cold-work was performed at 450℃, and we evaluated whether residual strain removal is possible using X-ray diffraction. As a result of experiments, the following conclusions were made: 1. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of residual strain in titanium materials after stamping press. 2. The residual strain in titanium materials after stamping press was decreased by heating at 450℃. 3. The hardness of titanium materials was higher after than before stamping press, and that of titanium materials after stamping press showed a lower value after heating at 450℃ than before heating.

低エネルギー密度の炭酸ガスレーザー照射で溶融し、エナメル質表面を破壊することなく小窩裂溝を塞ぐことのできる材料として、リン酸一カルシウム・一水和物(MCPM)および、リン酸二カルシウム・二水和物(DCPD)の可能性を検討した。示唆熱分析によりMCPMとDCPDの融点はそれぞれ、971℃と1348℃であることが分かり、MCPMの融点がDCPDより低いことが分かった。加熱により、MCPMはγ-メタリン酸カルシウム、β-メタリン酸カルシウム、δ-メタリン酸カルシウムに変化し、DCPDはDCPA、γ-ピロリン酸カルシウム、β-ピロリン酸カルシウム、α-ピロリン酸カルシウムに変化した。加熱試料の0.2モル酢酸緩衝液中の溶解性はDCPD試料より、MCPM試料の方が高く、シーラント材として、DCPDの方がMCPMよりも、より効果的であることがわかった。MCPMとDCPDの圧粉体について様々の出力レーザーを照射すると、DCPDではクレーターの形成が小さく、45.6J/cm2の照射では、クレーターは見られなかった。これらのことより、DCPDはエナメル質表面に悪影響を及ぼすことなく、低いエネルギー密度で融着することができ、シーラント材として、MCPMに比べ優れていることが示唆された。, Monocalcium phosphate monohydrate(MCPM)and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate(DCPD)were evaluated as pitand fissure sealants, which melt with low energy density laser irradiation and obsturate pits and fissures of enamel surfaceswithout accompanying surface destruction. The melting points of MCPM and DCPD, estimated by differentialthermal analysis, are971℃ and1348℃ , respectively; thus the melting point of MCPM was lower than that ofDCPD. When heated, MCPM decomposed to γ-metacalcium phosphate, β-metacalcium phosphate and δ-metacalciumphosphate. On the other hand, DCPD changed to DCPA, γ-calcium pyrophosphate, β-calcium pyrophosphate and α-calcium pyrophosphate. Solubility in200 mM acetic acid buffer was higher with heated MCPM than with heatedDCPD samples. This leads us to conclude that DCPD would be more effective as a sealant material than MCPM.Comparison of lased disks made of MCPM and DCPD at various energy densities showed that with DCPD disks, fewercraters were formed, and no craters were formed at an energy density of45.6 J/cm^2. All these findings suggest thatDCPD would have advantages over MCPM as a sealant that can be fused at a lower energy density with no damage onthe enamel surface.

硬化時にDCPDを析出するリン酸カルシウムセメントのレーザー融着シーラント材としての可能性を検討した。フッ素徐放性を期待し、また、セメントの融点を下げるためにフッ化カルシウムを添加したβ-TCP/MCPMセメントを開発した。このセメントは有効な作業時間が確保できないほど短時間で硬化するため、硬化時間調整材としてDCPDの加熱生成物の1種であるβ-ピロリン酸カルシウムの有効性を検討した。その結果、β-ピロリン酸カルシウムの添加が50%になると、セメントの操作性は著しく向上し、小窩裂溝に填塞すると、適切な填塞が得られた。小窩裂溝に填塞し硬化後、CO2レーザー照射すると、レーザー照射されたセメントの表面層のみが融解し、セメント下部のエナメル質は何らの影響を受けなかった。しかしながら、境界部では、エナメル質とセメントは融着し、本研究で開発した50%β-Ca2P2O7添加CaF2/β-TCP/MCPMセメントは小窩裂溝填塞のレーザー融着材として有効であることが示唆できた。, Calcium phosphate cement that forms DCPD during setting was evaluated as a laser-fused sealant. CaF 2 was added tothe β-TCP/MCPM cement in order to enhance the anticariogenic potential and to lower the melting temperature of theset cement. Without any additives, however, the cement set in a short time, allowing no practical working time. Tocontrol the setting time, β-Ca 2P 2O 7, which is one of the phases obtained from lased DCPD, was added to CaF 2/β-TCP/MCPM cement. The addition of β-Ca 2P 2O 7 at50wt% was found to greatly improve the handling characteristics of thecement. When50wt% β-Ca 2P 2O 7-added CaF 2/β -TCP/MCPM cement was applied to occlusal surfaces of the teeth,adequate properties were obtained. At3min after mixing, a CO 2 laser was applied to the setting cement on the occlusaltooth surface under appropriate conditions, and only surface regions of the lased cement were melted. Aroundthe margins, the enamel and the cement were fused together.

資料番号: AA0063723031

An electrostatic levitator was developed for the structural analysis of high-temperature and undercooled liquids by X-ray diffraction. The apparatus can be used to investigate the structure of metallic, semiconductor, and ceramic liquids. Samples of zirconium, silicon, and alumina in their liquid phases could be kept levitated for more than one hour with this apparatus. This was sufficiently long to perform a detailed analysis of the liquid structure by X-ray diffraction techniques., 資料番号: AA0063323003, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-06-015E

Applying a combined analytical method specialized for cosmic-dust research, we have characterized mineralogy of individual mineral particles in 2A and 2B powder test samples that were prepared for the second analysis competition of the Hayabusa mission. Thirty-eight mineral particles mostly less than 300 micrometer in diameter and ten fine-grained mineral aggregates less than 200 micrometer in diameter were picked out from the test samples. Individual samples were X-rayed using synchrotron radiation to have powder X-ray diffraction patterns for identification of constituent minerals. The relative abundances of major constituent minerals in individual samples were determined by applying the Rietveld refinement to diffraction patterns. The X-rayed samples were polished and analyzed by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for imaging and an Electron-Probe MicroAnalyzer (EPMA) for quantitative concentrations of thirteen elements. Finally, ten selected samples were thinned by ultramicrotomy, argon ion bombardment, or Focused Ion Beam (FIB) method for detailed mineralogical characterization by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Small plagioclase compositions are determined by Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM) using a cold sample stage. The bulk mineralogy, chemical composition, and nano-scale textures were all obtained from a single small particles less than 300 micrometer and the total mass of each test sample we used for the present study was only 100 microgram. Therefore, we can accomplish complete mineral characterization using very small quantity of regolith materials of the asteroid Itokawa, when the initial analysis of the returned samples is undertaken. The results showed that 2A powder sample consists mainly of olivine (Fa(sub 15.1+/-0.6) on an average), low-Ca pyroxene (Fs(sub 13.9+/-0.7) on an average), plagioclase, troilite, and kamacite with minor amounts of high-Ca pyroxene, taenite, chromite, Ca-phosphate, and alkali feldspar. The compositions and compositional variations of silicates and the minor element abundances in FeNi metals indicate that the 2A sample bears a close resemblance to H chondrites with petrologic type four to five. Fe/Mg ratios of both olivine and low-Ca pyroxene in the 2A sample correspond to the lowest-end of Fe/Mg variation for H chondrites, suggesting that it is a sample of most reduced type of H chondrites. In addition, the 2A samples contain small amounts of artificial contamination such as quartz-calcite composites, Ni-free Mn-bearing iron metals, and carbonaceous particles like epoxy resin. These particles probably got mixed during preparation of the 2A sample powder from a meteorite. The 2B sample is coarse particles that are composed mainly of metallic phases such as kamacite. Olivine and low-Ca pyroxene are also contained, but metal/silicate ratio of the 2B test sample is apparently higher than that of the 2A test sample. However, Mg/Fe ratios of silicate (Fa(sub 15.8+/-0.5) and Fs(sub 14.4+/-0.7) on an average) and the presence of well-defined chondrules suggest that the 2B sample is also similar to H chondrites with petrologic type four to five. All mineralogical characteristics, except for the mode of occurrence of FeNi metals, are very similar between 2A and 2B test samples. This may indicate that the two test samples were prepared from the same meteorite. The high metal/silicate ratio of the 2B test sample is therefore artifact, most probably the results of mechanical separation of magnetic components from a powder of an H chondrite., 資料番号: AA0063920001, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-05-021E

For investigation into cultural properties, X-ray radiography and material analysis using X-ray diffraction have played important roles in the field of conservation science of cultural properties. Moreover, the demand for in situ analysis will increase further. In this situation, it is valuable for conservation scientists to develop new X-ray detectors that are suitable for their own studies. Gas Electron Multiplier foil (GEM) can be one of the powerful tools to develop a simple and portable detector at less cost. This article provides basic ideas about new X-ray detectors using GEMs for X-ray radiography filled with Xe-based mixture gas and for X-ray diffraction filled with Ar-based mixture gas. The design and specifications for these detectors have already been fixed and these detectors are now under construction. After finishing the construction, the author plans to evaluate these detectors using a radio-isotope.

X線・中性子散乱法と静電浮遊炉を組み合わせることにより、超高温や過冷却液体の構造を精密に測定することが可能である。本研究は、シリコンやジルコニウムなど高温金属液体の液体構造を測定するために、構造解析用の静電浮遊炉を新たに開発し、高輝度放射光および中性子線を用いた散乱実験を試みた。実験の結果、これらの液体の静的構造因子(過冷却液体状態を含む)を高精度に測定することができた。, The structure of undercooling liquid state is one of the important subjects of materials science. The levitation techniques are powerful tools for the investigation of undercooled liquids. In this research, we developed the electrostatic levitation furnace for the liquid structure analysis due to the neutron and x-ray diffraction methods. The apparatus was tested by using a synchrotron radiation facility, a laboratory X-ray source and a reactor. The structures of several kinds of materials were investigated and the liquid structures can be measured with high precision., 資料番号: AA0049301004, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-05-034E

炭酸含有アパタイト焼粘体の骨補填材1、骨代用材としての有用性を検索するため、ヒドロキシアパタイト（HAP）およびβ-リン酸三カルシウム（β-TCP）と比較した基礎的実験を行った。1. 乳酸リンゲル溶液において6HAPは3HAPより高い溶解性を示したものの、β-TCPよりも低い溶解性を示した。2. 光学顕微鏡所見では、各種埋入材料は2週目に骨組織に取り囲まれていた。なお、炭酸含有アパタイトはHAP同様良好な骨親和性を示し、β-TCPと同様の造骨性を示した。3. SEM所見では、炭酸含有アパタイトは、1週目でHAPと同様に類骨様構造物が材料表面に緊密に接しており、2週目以降ではβ-TCPと同様に材料と骨様構造物との界面が不鮮明となり、より強固に接合している所見が認められた。以上より、炭酸含有アパタイト焼結体は、HAPと同様に骨親和性を持ち、β-TCPと同様の良好な造骨性を備えた材料であることが判明した。

The Si(0.5)Ge(0.5) bulk crystals growth has been challenged. Si-Ge homogeneous single crystals are difficult to grow so far. In the present research, the Traveling Liquidus-Zone method (TLZ method) which was invented in the group as a new crystal growth method to the growth of Si-Ge has been applied. The diameter of grown crystal was 2 mm and the length was 15 mm. Crystals were well seeded and had the orientation of silicon seeds in spite of the large lattice mismatch. The compositional variation of the crystals was very small and the composition was in the mole fraction range of 0.5 +/- 0.016 in germanium. The lattice constant determined by the X-ray powder diffraction was 55.38 nm., 資料番号: AA0048451001, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-04-022E

The melt of Fe-66.7 percent Si ejected into a drop tube was undercooled and solidified during the free fall. The microstructures of the spherical samples with various diameters that accumulated at the bottom of the drop tube were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The microstructure of the sample, the diameter of which is from 600 micrometer to 1,000 micrometer, consisted of the pro-eutectic primary Fe2Si5(alpha) phase and the subsequent eutectic phase of alpha and FeSi(epsilon), though the epsilon phase has to grow as the pro-eutectic primary phase according to the phase diagram. In the samples with diameters smaller than 600 micrometer, however, consisted the microstructure of small epsilon phase and fine eutectic. The fine eutectic in the sample with the diameter smaller than 600 micrometer can be easily transformed to a single phase of FeSi2(beta) by short time annealing such as for 10 minutes at 1,100 K, that is 100 times shorter than the value reported previously in the unidirectionally solidified sample., 資料番号: AA0046917080

Nd2Fe14B spherical alloys were produced by a containerless solidification in a 25 m drop tube. The diameter of the resultant alloys was in the range of 150 micrometer to 2,000 micrometer. The relationship between the sample size and microstructure was investigated. When the diameter of a spherical sample was larger than 500 micrometer, the microstructure of the sample consisted of the alpha-Fe dendrite with the Nd2Fe14B matrix. In the sample with 400 micrometer in diameter consisted two regions; one is the alpha-Fe dendrite with Nd2Fe14B matrix, and the other is the Nd2Fe14B columnar and Nd-rich grain boundary. The Nd2Fe14B columnar region expanded as the sample diameter decreased from 400 micrometer to 350 micrometer. In the spherical sample whose diameter is reduced to 250 micrometer, the microstructure consists of only Nd2Fe14B dendrites., 資料番号: AA0045438063

Small spherical samples of BaFe12O19 were fully melted in O2 gas flow with an aero-acoustic-levitator device and subsequently rapid cooled by splat quenching. For samples heated above the liquidus, the microstructure and XRD observations suggested the formation of the amorphous phase with small amount of Fe2O3. The sample undercooled below liquidus temperature and splat-quenched at a temperature below the peritectic temperature show a microcrystalline microstructure of the BaFe12O19 phase, that was confirmed by XRD. This indicates that the BaFe12O19 phase was solidified directly from the undercooled melt., 資料番号: AA0045438062

学位授与機関：城西大学 学位記番号：博乙第70号，学位の種別：博士（薬学）， 学位授与年月日： 平成27年(2015年) 3月20日 (112p.)

Dynamic structures of liquid germanium at the temperature of 1253 K were investigated by a long-time (66 ps) first-principles molecular-dynamics simulation. The calculated structure factor is in good agreement with the results of the neutron and x-ray diffraction experiments. It is found that an atom diffuses quickly not only when its coordination number becomes smaller but also when surrounding atoms are moving together to almost the same direction. Moreover it was found out that each atom migrates staying in a group of several neighboring atoms for 0.3-0.5 ps. The calculated dynamic structure factors and the dispersion relation are in excellent agreement with the result of the recent x-ray inelastic scattering experiment., 資料番号: AA0033133001, レポート番号: NASDA-TMR-010019E

近年, 我が国では廃棄物処分場における残余年数の切迫等により, 廃棄物の有効利用が積極的に行われている。そのような状況下, 本研究では廃棄物である汚泥材料の廃棄物処分場カバー材としての適用性を検討するものであり, 汚泥材料として製紙汚泥および建設汚泥に着目した。室内試験では, 汚泥材料の工学的諸特性, 透水試験, 圧縮試験, およびせん断試験を実施することでカバー材としての安定性を検討した。さらに, 廃棄物の有効利用に伴う環境影響評価として, 透水試験後の排出液中の有害物質含有量分析を行っている。結果として, 製紙汚泥, 建設汚泥とも有効利用に伴う環境適合性は満足しており, さらにカバー材として要求される機能を十分に有していることを明らかにした。, The objective of this paper is to examine the material properties of paper mill sludge (PMS) and construction sludge (CS) as landfill cover materials. Hydraulic conductivity, physical and engineering properties, and chemical analysis of effluents were investigated to evaluate the suitability of PMS and CS for cover application. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses have been carried out to evaluate the mineralogical and microfabric arrangement of PMS and CS samples. The test results indicate that both PMS and CS fulfill the landfill cover requirements and encourage their utilization as alternative materials.

In order to investigate the time dependent material structure the time-resolved x-ray diffractometry with a position sensitive detector（PSD）has so far been used． But this method is not so effective to the precise lattice parameter measurement， because of low angular resolution of the detector． In the present study， therefore， the development of the time-resolved x-ray diffractometry by the angular scanning with a scintillation counter （SC） has been attempted． Lattice parameter measurements of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite（HOPG）during rapid heating and cooling have been examined by both methods． As a result， the angular scanning method can realize more precise measurement than that of PSD method． From this result it was clarified that SC method is more suitable than the PSD method for the precise detection of the structure change of materials．

5世紀中葉の新郭遺跡のSI-34出土鍛冶関連遺物を調査した。(1)鍛冶原料に鉱石系鉄素材を用いて鉄器製作の鍛錬鍛冶が行なわれている。(2)5世紀としては高温操業で、鉄滓・羽口両脇下滓・羽口溶融物・粒状滓にヴスタイトと共にヘーシナイトを晶出する。(3)鍛冶原料の可能性を持つ鉄製品の1つは、非金属介在物に非晶質珪酸塩系ガラス質と、酸化鉄とファイヤライトの共晶夾雑物を含むので、直接製鋼法・低温還元法にもとづく塊煉鋼が想定され、大陸産の可能性がある。(4)鍛造剥片は鍛打前段階から仕上げ段階まであり、鍛錬鍛冶の幅広い作業内容が想定された。粒所滓と称する遺物は球状化スラグや羽口先端溶解物の可能性がある。(5)耐火度は専用羽口が1500℃、高杯転用羽口が1410℃で、鍛冶工人が粘土の本質を熟知していたと予想される。

約70年間海中にあった防波堤ケーソン壁の鉄筋コンクリートを採取し、中の鉄筋の腐食を調べた。観察およびX線回折による検討の結果、Magnetiteを主成分とする黒錆の均一腐食のほか、GoethiteやAkaganiteの黄褐色錆が鉄筋表面積の約15%存在する程度で、鉄筋の腐食重量減少率も1%程度であった。腐食に関わるコンクリート中の塩化物イオン含有量は6kg/m^3と多かったが、中性化は殆ど進行しておらず、コンクリートのpH値は表面でも11以上あり減少は少なく、表面から50mm深さでは12以上であった。

We investigated the layer structure of ferroelectric liquid crystals cells witch showed four peaks by X-ray diffraction analysis. We confirmed that the liquid crystal layer is made from three types of domains with polarization microscope. To confirm the formation process of three types of domains, we researched temperature dependence of apparent layer tilt angle and confirmed that three types of domains are formed in S_c^* phase., 強誘電性S_mC^*液晶セルの層構造のX線回折測定において4つのピークを示すセルについて実験検討した。本セルでは，顕徴鏡観察によって種類の領域が確認された。ドメイン形成プロセスを知るため，温度に対する見かけの層傾斜角の変化を調べ，S_c^*相で3種類の領域が形成されることを確認した。

資料番号: AA0045918012

It is well known that a layer structure in a ferroelectric liquid crystal cell has direct effect upon electro-optic characteristics, and, the book-shelf structure is good for a high speed response and high contrast display panel. In this paper the experimental results and considerations are described about influences on the layer structure of the intensity of spontaneous polarization of liquid crystal materials, methods and materials of surface treatment and applied electric fields during both the cooling process and the panel-driving. The layer structure was checked with method of the X-ray diffraction analysis., 強誘電性液晶セルにおけるスメクチック層の構造はその電気光学的特性に直接的な影響を及ぽし，高速応答性と高コントラストの表示パネルにはブックシェルフ構造が良いことは良く知られている。この論文では層構造に及ぽす液晶材料の自発分極の大きさ，セル内表面処理の方法と材料，そして冷却中の電界印加とパネル駆動電界の影響についての実験検討結果が述べられている。層構造の解析にはX線回折法を用いた。

資料番号: AA0063323000, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-06-015E

アポフェリチンタンパク質を材料とし、相図の作成、結晶品質評価などを行った。結晶化駆動力を変動させ、ファセット結晶、骸晶などを育成し、ロッキングカーブ幅計測を行った。, Crystal growth studies using apoferritin was carried out. The rocking curve width of facet and skeletal crystals were measured., 資料番号: AA0063335000, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-06-028

資料番号: AA0063920000, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-05-021E

資料番号: AA0049301000, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-05-034E

タンパク質結晶の成長と完全性に及ぼす不純物の影響を、ニワトリ卵白リゾチーム結晶を用いて明らかにした。, The impurity effects on crystal growth and perfection was systematically studied with lysozyme and lysozyme dimer. X-ray diffraction experiment, rocking width measurement, X-ray topography, etching, AFM observation and fluorescence experiments revealed that impurities actually degrade the crystal perfection, and dislocations are the main cause., 資料番号: AA0048459000, レポート番号: JAXA-RR-04-051

平成14年度～平成15年度科学研究費補助金（基盤研究C(2)）研究成果報告書, 研究概要：シリコンをHF溶液中において臨界電流密度以下で陽極化成すると多孔質シリコン層が形成される.その多孔質層は,多孔度に対応して屈折率も変化し,多孔度は陽極化成電流密度で容易に制御できる.この性質を利用して,電流密度を低・高と周期的に変調し,第1層の多孔質シリコンの格子パターンを下層に自己クローニングして作製する,屈折率孔質シリコン3次元周期構造(PS3DPS)の作製手法を確立し,3次元フォトニック結晶作製に応用することがこの研究の狙いである.本枡究での具体的な目標は,赤外領域の光に反応する1辺が約1μmサイズのPS3DPSの作製である. 1μmサイズのPS3DPSの作製の基礎データを得るため,1μm層厚の1次元周期構造の形成特性を,走査電子顕微鏡及びX線2結晶法で詳細に調べ,10mA/cm^2と50mA/cm^2を交互に流す周期的変調法でほぼ設計通りの1次元周期構造が形成できることを確認した.1μm〜20μmの正方格子ホトマスクを用いた選択陽極化成と,提案した自己クローニング法でPS3DPSの作製を行い,どこまでPS3DPSサイズの縮小化が実現できるか走査電子顕微鏡による断面観測で調べた.その結果,(1)選択陽極化成のレジストとしてポジ形フォトレジストは不適でネガ形フォトレジストが適していることがわかり,(2)PS3DPSのサイズは,5x5μm正方格子を1μmの層厚で7層目まで自己クローニングできることが確認できた.また、サイズの縮小化と自己クローニングの繰り返し数の増加の障害となっている主な原因は,多孔質シリコンが深さ方向だけでなく横方向へも成長するためであることがわかった. 今後は,多孔質シリコンの成長メカニズムを解明して,深さ方向に対する横方向成長比が小さくなる陽極化成条件を探索して,1μmサイズのPS3DPSを実現する研究をさらに進める必要がある., 研究概要：When a silicon substrate is anodized in HF solution at a current density lower than the critical current density porous silicon layers(PS) are formed on the silicon substrate. The porosity of the PS relating to the refractive index can be controlled easily by the formation current density. A PS-three dimensional periodic structure(PS3DPS) is fabricated at the surface layer of the silicon substrate by self-cloning a PS-square lattice pattern formed on the silicon substrate by the selective anodization method. The self-cloning is carried out by modulating the formation current density periodically. This PS3DPS is expected to be applied to three-dimensional photonic crystals. This project purpose is to reduce the size of square-lattice of PS3DPS to the wavelength of infrared region or about 1 micron meter and to develop the fabrication technique. In order to use the examination results for fabricating 1 micron-meter-size PS3DPS, the structures of the PS-one dimensional periodic structures(PS1DPS) were examined by scanning electron microscope and X-ray double-crystal method. PS1DPSs with the almost same periods as designed were fabricated by the current density modulation method in which the currents of 10mA/cm^2 and 50mA/cm^2 were periodically thrown. We fabricated the PS3DPSs by self-cloning method using the photomask of 1〜20μm square lattice and the current density modulation method developed for fabrication of PS1DPS. The structures of the PS3DPS were investigated by scanning electron microscope. The results are as follows : (1)Negative type photoresist was rather suitable as a resist mask for selective anodization than Positive type photoresist. (2)A 5μm-square-lattice PS3DPS of 3.5 periods or 7 layers and the each layer length of 1μm was able to fabricate. In the PS3DPS the structure changed to PS1DPS at deeper region than the seventh layer. The such fabrication trouble of PS3DPS was caused so that the PS grows not only depth direction but also lateral direction. In future, we need to find the fabrication conditions which reduce the ratio of the growth rate in lateral direction to the rate in depth direction studying the growth mechanism of PS so that we can fabricate 1μm-square-lattice PS3DPS with enough numbers of period to apply to photonic crystal., 未公開：P.38以降（抜刷論文のため）

Supervisor:佐々木 伸太郎, 材料科学研究科, 修士

資料番号: AA0033133000, レポート番号: NASDA-TMR-010019E

ElectroStatic Levitator (ESL) levitates a charged sample in a high vacuum using computer controlled electrostatic fields. It can levitate materials such as metals, semiconductors, and some insulators. Sample temperature can be varied over a wide range, and samples may be deeply undercooled. ESL allows us to carry out back-ground free measurements since it can hold the sample without a vessel in a high vacuum, and so ESL is suited to measure elastic- and inelastic X-ray scattering of high temperature and undercooled melts using synchrotron radiation factory., 資料番号: AA0063706011

国際宇宙ステーションロシアサービスモジュール利用微小粒子捕獲実験および材料曝露実験(SM/MPAC&SEED)の2回の回収エアロジェルの1次評価概要については、北澤ら、Neish et al.において報告されている。本発表では、我々は第2回回収のエアロジェルに観察された顕著な試料捕獲トラックのひとつから捕獲された粒子の詳細分析について報告する。実際に大気圏外において曝露を行ったエアロジェルから捕獲粒子を取り出して分析を行った研究は、最近までMirに搭載したエアロジェルから捕獲粒子を取り出して分析した例(Hoerz et al., 2000)などわずかであった。しかし、Stardust探査機に搭載したエアロジェルで捕獲した研究例が今後爆発的に増加すると考えられる。この場合、捕獲粒子に各種非破壊分析を行うのでは、捕獲粒子について誤った結論を導く可能性があるため、エアロジェルから粒子を取り出しての分析は重要である。, 資料番号: AA0063224004, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-06-021

The giant magnetostrictive materials (GMM) such as TbFe2, SmFe2 and Terfenol-D have been widely studied because of high magnetostrictions at room temperature. An improvement of the magnetostrictive properties may induce wider application fields of electric-mechanical energy conversion. In this study, magnetic properties of TbFe2 alloys solidified under microgravity (micro G) conditions obtained by drop tube systems were investigated. The magnetic characteristics of TbFe2 giant magnetostrictive alloy were found to be influenced by the solidification rate., 資料番号: AA0046917078