82 results on '"Wolfgang Böttcher"'
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2. Rezension zu: Stockmann, Reinhard (Hg.): Handbuch zur Evaluation. Eine praktische Handlungsanleitung, 2. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage
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Wolfgang Böttcher
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Statistics and Probability ,Strategy and Management ,Communication ,Applied Psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Education - Published
- 2023
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3. Acute Kidney Injury After Neonatal Aortic Arch Surgery: Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Versus Moderate Hypothermia With Distal Aortic Perfusion
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Peter Murin, Viktoria Weixler, Wolfgang Böttcher, Mathias Redlin, Frank Dehmel, Mi-Young Cho, Nicodème Sinzobahamvya, Joachim Photiadis, Oliver Miera, and Katharina Schmitt
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Aortic arch ,Blood transfusion ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Acute kidney injury ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,law.invention ,law ,Anesthesia ,medicine.artery ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Circulatory system ,Cardiopulmonary bypass ,medicine ,Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest ,Surgery ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Complication ,Perfusion - Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication observed after neonatal aortic arch repair. We studied its incidence after procedures carried out using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) versus moderate hypothermia with distal aortic perfusion (MHDP), usually through the common femoral artery. In both groups, continuous regional cerebral perfusion (RCP) was used during the time required for aortic arch repair. Methods: A total of 125 neonates underwent aortic arch repair. Between 2007 and 2012, DHCA with RCP was used in 51 neonates. From 2013 to 2019, MHDP with RCP was performed on 74 newborns. Operative complexity was similar in both periods. Acute kidney injury was defined as a significant elevation of serum creatinine and was classified according to the neonatal modified n-KDIGO (neonatal Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) stages 1 to 3 (Kidney Disease Improving: Global Outcomes). Results: Acute kidney injury was observed in a total of 68 patients (68/125: 54.4%). In the majority (44/68: 64.7%), n-KDIGO stage 1 occurred. Stage 2 (n = 14) and stage 3 (n = 10) were observed more frequently after DHCA versus MHDP: 29.4% (15/51) versus 12.2% (9/74), P = .02. At cardiopulmonary bypass end, lactate levels were significantly higher ( P = .001) after DHCA: 3.4 (2.9-4.3) mmol/L compared to 2.7 (2.3-3.7) mmol/L after MHDP. Early mortality was 12% (15/125) in the entire cohort. It was 17.6% (9/51) after DHCA versus 8.1% (6/74) after MHDP, however not statistically significant ( P = .16). Conclusion: Mild (stage 1) AKI occurred frequently after neonatal aortic arch repair. The use of MHDP was associated with a significantly lower incidence of moderate (stage 2) and severe (stage 3) AKI forms.
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- 2021
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4. Editorial
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Wolfgang Böttcher
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Statistics and Probability ,Strategy and Management ,Communication ,Applied Psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Education - Published
- 2020
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5. A Prospective Clinical Trial Measuring the Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Under Mild Hypothermia on the Inflammatory Response and Regulation of Cold-Shock Protein RNA-Binding Motif 3
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Katharina Rose Luise Schmitt, Felix Berger, Sylvia J. Wowro, Constanze Pfitzer, Giang Tong, Wolfgang Böttcher, Lisa-Maria Rosenthal, Oliver Miera, and Christoph Walker
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Adult ,Heart Defects, Congenital ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Heart disease ,Ischemia ,CCL4 ,Pharmacology ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,law.invention ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Blood serum ,Hypothermia, Induced ,law ,medicine ,Cardiopulmonary bypass ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Cardiac Surgical Procedures ,Child ,Inflammation ,Cardiopulmonary Bypass ,business.industry ,Infant ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,Middle Aged ,Hypothermia ,medicine.disease ,Cardiac surgery ,Vascular endothelial growth factor ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,Cold Shock Proteins and Peptides ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia during cardiac surgery has been widely used for neuroprotection and to attenuate the systemic inflammatory response due to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Experimental data suggest that cold-shock protein RNA-binding motif 3 (RBM3), which is induced in response to hypothermia, plays a key role in hypothermia-induced organ protection. To date, investigation on RBM3 has been performed exclusively in vitro or in animal models, and the detection and regulation of RBM3 in human blood has not been investigated until now. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of RBM3 protein and cytokine expression profile involved in the inflammatory response in patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery involving CPB and therapeutic hypothermia. A single-center prospective trial with 23 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB was performed. RBM3 protein was quantified in blood serum samples collected from patients and healthy individuals employing a new developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokine levels were analyzed from dry blood spot samples using a Quanterix Simoa Immunoassay. For the first time, RBM3 protein was detected in blood samples of patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery. Hereby, RBM3 protein concentrations were significantly elevated in patients after cardiac surgery with CPB and mild hypothermia as compared with pre-surgery levels. Moreover, a complex immune reaction with significant induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-16, IL-18, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, CC-chemokine ligand [CCL]3, CCL4, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) in response to CPB was detected. Significantly elevated vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metallopeptidase 3 concentrations reflecting ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury were observed 24 hours after weaning from CPB. The use of CPB is still associated with a complex inflammatory response. RBM3 protein is measurable in blood samples of patients with significantly higher concentrations after cardiac surgery with CPB and mild-to-moderate hypothermia. RBM3 is a new candidate as a biomarker for therapeutic hypothermia and a possible new therapeutic target for organ protection.
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- 2020
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6. Ist die OECD ein 'Ökonomisierer' der Bildung? Eine kleine Verteidigung der OECD und eine Kritik der deutschen Bildungspolitik
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Wolfgang Böttcher
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- 2022
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7. The law does not resolve important pedagogical dilemmas. A comment on three attempts to talk about major educational topics from a legal perspective
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Wolfgang Böttcher
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Educational opportunities ,Correspondence studies ,Equal opportunities ,Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen ,Ungleichheit ,Schulpädagogik ,Fernunterricht ,370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen ,��bergang ,Education ,ddc:370 ,Germany ,Bildungsorganisation, Bildungsplanung und Bildungsrecht ,Deutschland ,Chancengleichheit ,Inclusion ,Bildungsrecht ,Pandemie ,Educational opportunity ,COVID-19 ,Educational law ,Übergang ,Distance study ,370 Education ,Bildungschance ,Equal opportunity ,Bildung ,Inklusion - Abstract
Dass Bildung und Schule gleicherma��en Fragen von P��dagogik und Recht tangieren, ist aufgrund der rechtlichen Einbettung dieses Gesellschaftsbereichs nicht von der Hand zu weisen. Ob rechtliche Analysen hilfreich im Umgang mit erziehungswissenschaftlichen (Problem-)Feldern sind, ist Gegenstand dieses Diskussionsbeitrags. Hierzu wird auf die Inhalte und Argumente der Grundlagenbeitr��ge des Themenhefts zu Inklusion, ��berg��ngen und Homeschooling Bezug genommen, um diese erziehungswissenschaftlich kritisch mit Blick auf Chancenungleichheit zu reflektieren. Die Diskussion f��rdert offene Fragen, Spannungsmomente, aber auch Erkenntnisse zu Tage. Gerade, weil sich zeigt, dass das Recht die Dilemmata der P��dagogik alleine nicht zu l��sen vermag, erweist sich ein Austausch beider Disziplinen als notwendig. (DIPF/Orig.), The fact that education and school equally affect questions of pedagogy and law is obvious due to the legal embedding of this area. Whether legal analyses are helpful in dealing with (problematic) educational issues is the subject of this discussion. For this purpose, reference is made to the content and arguments of the basic articles pertaining to the focus topic and concerning inclusion, transitions, and homeschooling, in order to critically reflect on them from an educational science perspective with regard to educational inequality. The discussion reveals open questions, tensions, but also insights. As becomes evident, the law cannot solve the dilemmas of pedagogy on its own. Therefore, an exchange between the two disciplines turns out to be necessary. (DIPF/Orig.)
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- 2021
8. Bilateral Pulmonary Artery Banding before Norwood Procedure: Survival of High-Risk Patients
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Mathias Redlin, Joachim Photiadis, Wolfgang Böttcher, Nicodème Sinzobahamvya, Mi-Young Cho, Antonia Schulz, Oliver Miera, and Stanislav Ovroutski
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Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Pulmonary Circulation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pulmonary Artery ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Norwood Procedures ,Lower risk ,Risk Assessment ,Pulmonary artery banding ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ,medicine ,Humans ,Ligation ,Retrospective Studies ,High risk patients ,business.industry ,Suture Techniques ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Retrospective cohort study ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,030228 respiratory system ,Female ,Norwood procedure ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Risk assessment ,business ,Venous return curve - Abstract
Background This study reports midterm results of high-risk patients with hypoplastic left ventricle treated with initial bilateral pulmonary artery banding (PAB) before secondary Norwood procedure (NP). Methods Retrospective study of 17 patients admitted between July 2012 and February 2017 who underwent this treatment strategy because diagnosis or clinical status was associated with high risk for NP. Survival was compared with that of patients who underwent primary NP. Results Mean Aristotle comprehensive complexity score for NP would have been 19.7 ± 2.6. Risk factors included obstructed pulmonary venous return (n = 9), body weight Conclusions PAB before NP in high-risk patients constituted salvage management. Primary PAB provided enough time for stabilization and control of most risk factors. It allowed midterm survival equivalent to the survival after primary NP in lower risk neonates.
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- 2019
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9. Ökonomie und frühkindliche Bildung
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Nina Hogrebe and Wolfgang Böttcher
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- 2020
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10. Schulaufsicht als Managementaufgabe
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Christina Luig and Wolfgang Böttcher
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Der Beitrag wirft einen kritischen Blick auf die Frage, wie die schulaufsichtliche Ebene als mittleres Management die Vermittlung zwischen schulpolitischer Spitze und den Einzelschulen umsetzt. Dies erlautern wir unter anderem am Beispiel der Schulverwaltungsstruktur in Nordrhein-Westfalen und an Einblicken aus der hessischen Schulaufsicht. Anschliesend pladieren wir anstelle von Dezentralisierung, Wettbewerb und Monitoring fur ein alternatives Fuhrungskonzept, dem „Filialmodell“ und damit fur eine Betonung des mittleren Managements. Diese Forderung adressieren wir einerseits in Richtung der empirischen Bildungsforschung und andererseits in die der schulpolitischen Ebene, da beide scheinen, diesen Mittelakteur in den letzten Jahren vernachlassigt oder gar vergessen zu haben. Abschliesend offnen wir unsere Argumentation fur eine soziologische Betrachtung des Schulsystems mit dem Fokus auf ihre gesellschaftlichen Funktionen.
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- 2020
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11. Gradientenabstiegsverfahren
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Charlotte Bunne, Wolfgang Böttcher, and Johannes von Stetten
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- 2019
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12. Wie professionell und reformfähig ist die Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung an deutschen Hochschulen?
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Wolfgang Böttcher and Sina Blasberg
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Die Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung in Deutschland steht seit einiger Zeit zum wiederholten Male im Zentrum der Kritik. Eine von vielen Reformbemühungen, die den häufig angeführten Missständen Abhilfe schaffen sollen – die sogenannten Zentren für Lehrerbildung und die Schools of Education –, und ihre bisherigen Auswirkungen auf die Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung stehen im Mittelpunkt der Auseinandersetzung dieses Beitrags. Zusätzlich werden die Lehrenden an den Universitäten in ihrer Funktion als Lehrerbildnerinnen und Lehrerbildner betrachtet und wir fragen nach ihrer Rolle im Kontext der Organisation Hochschule.
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- 2015
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13. Hypothermia During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Increases Need for Inotropic Support but Does Not Impact Inflammation in Children Undergoing Surgical Ventricular Septal Defect Closure
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Roland Hetzer, Mathias Redlin, Katharina R.L. Schmitt, Katsiaryna Fedarava, Wolfgang Böttcher, Oliver Miera, Eva Maria Delmo Walter, Felix Berger, and Georgia Justus
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Inotrope ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biomedical Engineering ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Bioengineering ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Intensive care ,Internal medicine ,Junctional ectopic tachycardia ,medicine ,Cardiopulmonary bypass ,Prospective cohort study ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Hypothermia ,medicine.disease ,Systemic inflammatory response syndrome ,030228 respiratory system ,Anesthesia ,Cardiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Perfusion - Abstract
Minimizing the systemic inflammatory response caused by cardiopulmonary bypass is a major concern. It has been suggested that the perfusion temperature affects the inflammatory response. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the effects of moderate hypothermia (32°C) and normothermia (36°C) during cardiopulmonary bypass on markers of the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes (time on ventilator) after surgical closure of ventricular septal defects. During surgical closure of ventricular septal defects under cardiopulmonary bypass, 20 children (median age 4.9 months, range 2.3-38 months; median weight 7.2 kg, range 5.2-11.7 kg) were randomized to a perfusion temperature of either 32°C (Group 1, n = 10) or 36°C (Group 2, n = 10). The clinical data and blood samples were collected before cardiopulmonary bypass, directly after aortic cross-clamp release, and 4 and 24 h after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Time on ventilation as primary outcome did not differ between the two groups. Other clinical outcome parameters like fluid balance or length of stay in the intensive care were also similar in the two groups. Compared with Group 2, Group 1 needed significantly higher and longer inotropic support (P
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- 2015
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14. Das WTA-Merkblatt E 6-16 (Gelbdruck) 'Technische Trocknung durchfeuchteter Bauteile. Teil 2: Planung, Ausführung und Kontrolle'
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Wolfgang Böttcher
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Das WTA-Merkblatt 6-15 Teil 1 verkörperte eine Darstellung der Grundlagen zum aktuellen Stand der fachgerechten Trocknung durchfeuchteter Bauteile. Es formulierte die bauphysikalischen Grundsätze zur Erreichung der Ausgleichsfeuchte, äußerte sich zu den Schadensursachen, Mindestanforderungen an die Schadensaufnahme und -beurteilung und gab einen Überblick über Verfahren und Geräte im Fachbereich. Anschließend wurde der zweite Teil des Merkblatts durch die Arbeitsgruppenmitglieder zu den relevanten Themen der Planung, Ausführung und Kontrolle des Erfolgs technischer Trocknungen erarbeitet. Der Beitrag erläutert, welche Inhalte in diesem WTA-Merkblatt im Detail handelt werden. Diese Metadaten wurden zur Verfügung gestellt von der Literaturdatenbank RSWB®plus
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- 2017
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15. Quantitative Methodologie in der Organisationspädagogik
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Wolfgang Böttcher
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Knowledge management ,Empirical research ,Organization development ,business.industry ,Organizational change ,Perspective (graphical) ,Production (economics) ,Sociology ,business - Abstract
This article discusses some of the main challenges for a quantitative approach when studying organizations under the specific perspective of organizational development. Methodological questions intend to close the gap between theory and the use of sound methods. A closer look at some of the respective research on educational organizations reveals deficits of knowledge concerning organizational change. Evaluation might be a concept, which, based on rigid empirical research, is also devoted to the production of evidence for bettering educational organizations and institutions.
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- 2017
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16. Steuerung? Welche Steuerung?
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Wolfgang Böttcher
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Ich will den Begriff „Steuerung“ nicht uberdehnen, aber es liegt doch nicht allzu fern, die sich anbietende Metapher – hier: vom Abstrakten zum Konkreten – aufzunehmen: Wer steuert, bedient in aller Regel auch Gas und Bremse, besitzt die Fahigkeiten zum Beherrschen des Fahrzeugs, weis, was es kann und was nicht. Er sollte auch die Wege kennen, die sein Fahrzeug nutzen darf und kann, und er sollte Klarheit daruber haben, bis wann er wohin mit welchen Zwischenzielen kommen will. Schlieslich sollte er auch wissen, wen und was er auf die Fahrt mitzunehmen gedenkt. Dass dann auch alles so lauft, wie er sich das vorstellt, ist allerdings nicht sicher. Vieles kann dennoch schiefgehen.
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- 2016
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17. Professionalisierung im Elementarbereich – Personalentwicklung im Spannungsfeld von Anspruch und Wirklichkeit
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Wolfgang Böttcher, Sabrina Schulz, and Nina Hogrebe
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Political science ,Humanities - Abstract
Im Kontext von erweiterten Anforderungen an Erzieherinnen werden Strategien zum Ausbau und zur Weiterentwicklung der Qualitat fruhkindlicher Institutionen und Angebote in vielen Landern mit einem Diskurs zur Professionalitat verknupft. Wahrend Uberlegungen zu einer Rekrutierung von geeignetem qualifiziertem Personal vor allem mit einer Diskussion um eine akademische Ausbildung von Fruhpadagoginnen einhergehen, fokussiert der vorliegende Beitrag das Feld der Personalentwicklung in Bezug auf das bereits im Feld agierende Fachpersonal. Dabei wird im Sinne eines umfassenden Personalmanagements vor allem das Verhaltnis zwischen der geforderten Erweiterung von Qualifikationen der padagogischen Krafte und ihren Arbeitsbedingungen uberpruft.
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- 2012
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18. Suturing of Penetrating Wounds to the Heart in the Nineteenth Century: The Beginnings of Heart Surgery
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Wolfgang Böttcher and Vladimir Alexi-Meskishvili
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Heart suturing ,business.industry ,Suture Techniques ,Penetrating wounds ,Thoracic Surgery ,Human heart ,History, 19th Century ,Wounds, Penetrating ,medicine.disease ,Cardiac surgery ,Surgery ,Cardiac operations ,Heart Injuries ,medicine ,Humans ,Cardiac Surgical Procedures ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Stab wound ,business - Abstract
The beginnings of cardiac surgery go back to the 19th century. This article describes the history of the first attempts to operate on the heart. In 1882, Dr Block from Danzig, and in 1895, Simplicio Del Vecchio, published reports of animal experiments showing that the suturing of heart wounds is possible. After unsuccessful attempts by Axel Cappelen in Norway and Guido Farina in Italy, it was Ludwig Rehn of Germany who first sutured a laceration of the right ventricle of a human heart. Shortly afterward, Antonio Parrozzani successfully sutured a stab wound of the left ventricle. Following cardiac surgery back to its very beginnings, it is striking that the first attempts in the 19th century to repair the injured heart were regarded with great skepticism, and that heart suturing only slowly became an established method of treatment. Once the concept of cardiac surgery had become accepted, however, many kinds of operations were developed, paving the way for an explosion in the number of cardiac operations, as we well know, in the century that followed.
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- 2011
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19. Repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in infants and children
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Michael Hübler, Boris A. Nasseri, Roland Hetzer, Felix Berger, Sarah Nordmeyer, Vladimir Alexi-Meskishvili, Boris Schmitt, Yuguo Weng, and Wolfgang Böttcher
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Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mitral Valve Annuloplasty ,Time Factors ,Coronary Vessel Anomalies ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pulmonary Artery ,Ventricular Function, Left ,Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ,Coronary circulation ,Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ,Left coronary artery ,Coronary Circulation ,Germany ,Mitral valve annuloplasty ,medicine.artery ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Cardiac Surgical Procedures ,Child ,Aorta ,Mitral valve repair ,business.industry ,Hemodynamics ,Infant ,Stroke Volume ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Echocardiography ,Ventricle ,Child, Preschool ,Replantation ,Circulatory system ,Pulmonary artery ,Cardiology ,Female ,Surgery ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Vascular Surgical Procedures - Abstract
Objective Although mortality after direct aortic reimplantation for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) has significantly decreased, many questions remain unanswered. Methods Between 1986 and June 2010, we operated on 27 consecutive pediatric patients with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). All patients underwent reestablishment of a dual coronary system with direct aortic reimplantation of the left coronary artery into the aorta. Postoperative extracorporeal mechanical circulatory support was necessary in 7 cases. In all 7 patients, hemodynamic stability was achieved after 4 to 10 days of support. Mitral valve repair was performed in 9 patients with severe mitral valve incompetence and resulted in stable mitral valve function during follow-up as long as 19 years. Results There were no early or late deaths. During follow-up (3 months–17.5 years), both early and late improvement of myocardial function was observed in all patients. Reduced left ventricular regional function late after successful surgical correction of ALCAPA was related to the presence of left ventricular myocardial scar tissue, as detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions Despite the absence of early and late mortality, the long-term prognosis for patients after reimplantation of ALCAPA into the aorta is not clear. Scars and perfusion deficits of the left ventricle may not be detected by standard echocardiographic evaluation of global left ventricular function and therefore may be underestimated. We therefore recommend lifelong surveillance of these patients, including magnetic resonance imaging.
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- 2011
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20. Individuelle Förderung in der Ganztagsschule
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Wolfgang Böttcher, Stephan Maykus, André Altermann, and Timm Liesegang
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Education - Abstract
Mit der Ausgestaltung von Ganztagsschulen korrespondieren organisatorische und padagogische Merkmale, die einen Rahmen schaffen konnen, um eine neue individualisierende sowie unterrichtliche Bildung und auserunterrichtliche Erziehung zusammenfuhrende Praxis zu etablieren. Insbesondere erweiterte Kompetenzanforderungen sowie neue Formen der intra- und interprofessionellen Kooperation zeigen sich hierbei als Merkmal professioneller Forderung. Im Beitrag interessiert uns daher die Frage, inwieweit die fachliche Maxime der individuellen Forderung im Schulalltag anschlussfahig an das padagogische Handeln der in den Ganztag eingebunden Akteure ist. Hier zeigen die berichteten Ergebnisse unserer Studie eine kaum operationalisierbare und differenzierbare Matrix von solchen Handlungsprozessen, die auf einer systematischen methodischen Grundlage basieren. Es dominiert ein eher situatives, den alltaglichen Auspragungen von Forderbedarfen gerecht werdendes Handeln, das jedoch kaum in Bezug zu einem Meta-Wissen, einem Verweisungs- und Analysewissen gesetzt wird. Gegenwartig zeigen sich auf Seiten der Ganztagsakteure unterschiedliche Interventionssituationen und Rollenerwartungen im Kontext der Forderung, die es nicht anzugleichen, aber dennoch professionstheoretisch und -praktisch in ihrer Komplementaritat zu verorten gilt.
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- 2011
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21. Parallelsystem Frühe Hilfen?
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Virginia Dellbrügge, Anne Lohmann, Wolfgang Böttcher, Pascal Bastian, Anna-Kristen Hentschke, and Holger Ziegler
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Risk indicators ,Political science ,Humanities - Abstract
Ahneln sich die Zielgruppen Fruher Hilfen bzw. sozialer Fruhwarnsysteme und ambulanter Erziehungshilfen des Allgemeinen Sozialen Dienstes und stellen erstere aus diesem Grund ein Parallelsystem in Deutschland dar? Diese Annahmen kamen dem Forscher Innenteam der Universitat Munster wahrend der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit der Bundesstudie „Evaluation Fruher Hilfen und sozialer Fruhwarnsysteme in Nordrhein-Westfalen und Schleswig-Holstein“. Infolgedessen wurde dieser Fragestellung im Rahmen einer Zusatzstudie nachgegangen. Mithilfe von Screeninginstrumenten, die das WissenschaftlerInnenteam in Zusammenarbeit mit Fachkraften entwickelt hat, wurden die Risikolagen und deren Intensitat von Adressat Innen Fruher Hilfen und sozialer Fruhwarnsystemen sowie ambulanter Erziehungshilfen erhoben und miteinander verglichen. Nach einer theoretischen Diskussion zu Anfang werden sowohl die Fragestellung als auch die Methode der Forschung und ihr weiteres Vorgehen naher dargestellt, woraufhin Ergebnisse der Studie sowie ein Fazit folgen.
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- 2011
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22. Predictors for the Use of Left Ventricular Assist Devices in Infants With Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery
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Sarah Nordmeyer, Yuguo Weng, Roland Hetzer, Christof Stamm, Vladimir Alexi-Meskishvili, Felix Berger, Michael Hübler, Wolfgang Böttcher, and Boris A. Nasseri
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Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronary Vessel Anomalies ,Pulmonary Artery ,Ventricular Function, Left ,Left coronary artery ,Internal medicine ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Humans ,Abnormalities, Multiple ,Retrospective Studies ,Postoperative Care ,Ejection fraction ,business.industry ,Infant ,Left pulmonary artery ,Prognosis ,Surgery ,Preload ,Right coronary artery ,Circulatory system ,Pulmonary artery ,Ventricular pressure ,Cardiology ,Female ,Heart-Assist Devices ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background Left ventricular (LV) mechanical circulatory support (MCS) may be necessary after repair of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. We evaluated LV function parameters for their ability to predict postoperative need for MCS. Methods Fourteen infants (median age, 3.6; range, 2.3 to 12 months) underwent direct aortic reimplantation of the left coronary artery. We compared preoperative LV end-diastolic diameter, end-diastolic pressure, ejection fraction, and fraction of shortening of 8 patients with successful weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (group 1) and 6 patients with unsuccessful weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and temporary MCS support (group 2). Results No perioperative or late deaths occurred. All patients at follow-up were free of reoperation (median follow-up, 10.4 years [range, 1.4 to 17 years]). Median preoperative LV end-diastolic diameter (47 [range, 41 to 60 mm] vs 32 mm [range, 21 to 36 mm]) and LV end-diastolic pressure (20 [range, 18 to 25 mm Hg] vs 12 mm Hg [range, 7 to 20 mm Hg]) were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 ( p = 0.002 and p = 0.048). LV ejection fraction (0.28 [range, 0.19 to 0.37] vs 0.43 [range, 0.23 to 0.76]) and LV fraction of shortening (9% [range, 7% to 15%] vs 22% [range 13% to 30%]) were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 ( p = 0.035 and p = 0.002). MCS support duration ranged from 4 to 12 days. There were no significant differences in LV function parameters at discharge or during follow-up between the groups. Conclusions A preoperative LV end-diastolic diameter above 40 mm is the strongest predictor for postoperative temporary MCS after anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery repair in infancy. However, even with temporary MCS, direct aortic reimplantation for anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery can be performed with no mortality and excellent LV recovery.
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- 2010
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23. Evaluationsforschung zu Wirkungen und Mechanismen Früher Hilfen
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Wolfgang Böttcher, Anne Lohmann, Pascal Bastian, Virginia Lenzmann, Gregor Hensen, and Holger Ziegler
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Effect analysis ,Political science ,Humanities - Abstract
Um Aussagen zu den Wirkungen Fruher Hilfen treffen zu konnen, erscheint ein quasiexperimentelles Forschungsdesign nach Ansatz der „realistic evaluation“ von Pawson & Tilley als ein geeignetes Verfahren. Dabei stehen keine linearen Ursache-Wirkungs-Aussagen im Vordergrund, sondern das Zusammenspiel der vielfaltigen Kontexte, die in sozialen Interaktionen auf die Nutzer von Hilfeangeboten wirken. Bei einem solchen Forschungsvorhaben ist der Einbezug von Wirkmechanismen von groser Bedeutung, die fur die Frage nach der Wirksamkeit einer Masnahme ein schlussiges theoretisches Erklarungsmodell bieten. Durch die Kenntnis solcher identifizierter Wirkmechanismen werden Fachkrafte in die Lage versetzt, fall- und kontextspezifisch Entscheidungen zu treffen. Der Beitrag diskutiert beispielhaft theoretische und methodische Aspekte eines solchen Evaluationsdesigns.
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- 2009
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24. Support Systems in Early Childhood and How to Evaluate Their Impact
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Wolfgang Böttcher and Holger Ziegler
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Program evaluation ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Family policy ,Psychological intervention ,Public relations ,West germany ,Developmental psychology ,Neglect ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Support system ,Early childhood ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,business ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
—The debate over education and family policy has recently taken a surprising turn that runs counter to West Germany’s traditional approach in these areas. In the past, little or no attention was given to institutional interventions targeted at young children. Now the age group from birth to 6 years has become a focus of attention for policy makers and academics. This article reflects on the current debate in Germany concerning the development and well-being of young children. It focuses on a national program aimed at at-risk children up to age 3 and their families and describes some of the program’s basic ideas and discuss challenges involved in the evaluation of the program’s effectiveness.
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- 2008
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25. Biomarker Responses During Mid-term Mechanical Cardiac Support in Children
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Felix Berger, Grit Heise, Brigitte Stiller, Michael Hübler, Vladimir Alexi-Meskishvili, Yuguo Weng, Wolfgang Böttcher, Roland Hetzer, and Julia Lemmer
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Heart Defects, Congenital ,Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Myocardial Failure ,Adolescent ,Waiting Lists ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pulsatile flow ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Cohort Studies ,Reference Values ,Internal medicine ,Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ,medicine ,Humans ,Weaning ,Child ,Probability ,Heart transplantation ,Transplantation ,business.industry ,Infant ,Prognosis ,Peptide Fragments ,Surgery ,Survival Rate ,El Niño ,Case-Control Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Ventricular assist device ,Circulatory system ,Cardiology ,Heart Transplantation ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Equipment Failure ,Female ,Heart-Assist Devices ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mid-term mechanical circulatory support on the natriuretic hormone system in children and to assess whether such changes are associated with myocardial recovery. Methods Serial blood samples were collected from 19 children (median age 10.8 years, range 0.2 to 17.5 years), all supported with a pulsatile ventricular assist device (Berlin Heart EXCOR; median support time 55 days). Levels of NT-proBNP were analyzed before and 7 and 30 days after device implantation. In addition, we determined levels of mid-region proANP (MR-proANP) and BNP in 13 of the 19 children. Results The actuarial survival rate to discharge home was 84%. Two children could be weaned from the system, 14 reached heart transplantation, and 3 died during mechanical circulatory support. Serial measurements of NT-proBNP, BNP and MR-proANP showed a significant down-regulation of all three natriuretic peptides within the first week of support and a further decrease between Days 7 and 30. The lowest NT-proBNP level while on the device (250 pg/ml) was found in the child later weaned, who reached normal levels (71 pg/ml) within 12 weeks after weaning. Conclusions Extremely high levels of natriuretic peptides reflect the severity of myocardial failure before device implantation. During mechanical support, the decline of natriuretic peptides appears to be a helpful additional tool in the pre-selection of potential weaning candidates.
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- 2008
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26. Umsteuern ohne Strategie und Theorie
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Wolfgang Böttcher
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Ohne Zweifel ist die „Organisation“ mittlerweile in die „Bildung“ eingewandert. Im Jahre 1986 musste Ewald Terhart noch von einem „Unvereinbarbarkeitsbeschluss“ reden, als er das Verhaltnis der Padagogik zur Organisation beschrieb. Eine eher vorsichtige Annaherung konnte er damals wahrnehmen.
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- 2016
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27. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Perioperative Cardiac Support in Children I: Experience at the Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (1987–2005)
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Felix Berger, Eva Maria Delmo Walter, Roland Hetzer, Wolfgang Böttcher, Brigitte Stiller, Michael Hübler, and Vladmir Alexi-Meskishvili
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Heart Defects, Congenital ,Male ,Resuscitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Myocarditis ,Adolescent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Cardiomyopathy ,Bioengineering ,Biomaterials ,Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ,medicine ,Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ,Humans ,Child ,Intraoperative Care ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Perioperative ,medicine.disease ,Weight range ,Cardiac support ,Pulmonary hypertension ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,surgical procedures, operative ,Child, Preschool ,Anesthesia ,Female ,Cardiomyopathies ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
We report our experience in pediatric patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for perioperative circulatory failure from January 1987 to June 2005. Pediatric patients (n = 110) who had ECMO support for congenital heart defects, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy (age range, newborn to 18 years; weight range, 2.3-69 kg) were included and divided into three groups based on timing of ECMO support. EMCO support was used preoperatively in 21 patients (19.1%) (mean age, 4 years +/- 8 months; mean weight, 23.7 +/- 8.9 kg). Duration of ECMO support was 8.3 +/- 7 days. Fifty-six patients (56.56%) (mean age, 5.11 +/- 5 years; mean weight, 15.7 +/- 6.9 kg) had intraoperative ECMO support for myocardial insufficiency, low output syndrome, right ventricular failure, left ventricular failure, malignant arrhythmia, pulmonary hypertension, and repeated resuscitation. Mean duration of ECMO support was 4.98 +/- 1 days. Postoperative ECMO support was used in 29 patients (mean age, 7.5 +/- 1 years; mean weight, 23.4 +/- 6.4 kg). Mean duration of ECMO was 4.6 +/- 1 days. Mean postoperative day of ECMO institution was 40.4 +/- 2 days. Our experience shows that ECMO support can be offered perioperatively to any patient with potentially reversible pulmonary, cardiac, or cardiopulmonary failure, excluding those whose outcome is inevitable.
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- 2007
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28. Die ‚Schulinspektion‘ zwischen Wirkungshoffnungen und Wirksamkeit
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Wolfgang Böttcher, Hans-Georg Kotthoff, and Jutta Nikel
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Schulinspektion als neues Steuerungsinstrument ist mittlerweile fester Bestandteil deutschsprachiger Schulsysteme. Der hier vorliegende Artikel beschreibt zunachst die Entwicklungen der letzten 10 Jahre in Bezug auf die Schulinspektion in der Schweiz, in Osterreich und in Deutschland. Danach werden Wirkungsmodelle zur Schulinspektion vorgestellt und diskutiert. Im dritten und vierten Teil werden vorliegende empirische Erkenntnisse zur Wirksamkeit und Wirkung analysiert. Dies erfolgt mit Blick auf internationale wie auf Studien aus deutschsprachigen Landern. Wahrend die in groserer Zahl vorhandenen Akzeptanzstudien auf eine tendenziell positive Wahrnehmung der Beteiligten an Schulen gegenuber externen Evaluationsverfahren hindeuten, ist die Datenlage bei Studien zu Masnahmen im Anschluss an die Schulinspektion und bei Studien zur Wirkung auf Schulleistungen noch eher gering. Abschliesend wird fur eine Starkung der Entwicklungsperspektive der Schulinspektion als Leitperspektive sowie fur das kritische Hinterfragen der Wirkung dieses Steuerungsinstruments auf der Basis eines theoretisch wie empirisch angemessenen Modells der Schule – ihrer Ressourcen, Kontexte, Prozesse, Strukturen und Wirkungen – argumentiert.
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- 2015
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29. Hypothermia During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Increases Need for Inotropic Support but Does Not Impact Inflammation in Children Undergoing Surgical Ventricular Septal Defect Closure
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Katharina Rose Luise, Schmitt, Katsiaryna, Fedarava, Georgia, Justus, Mathias, Redlin, Wolfgang, Böttcher, Eva Maria, Delmo Walter, Roland, Hetzer, Felix, Berger, and Oliver, Miera
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Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ,Inflammation ,Male ,Cardiopulmonary Bypass ,Treatment Outcome ,Hypothermia, Induced ,Cytokines ,Humans ,Infant ,Female ,Prospective Studies ,Blood Coagulation ,Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome - Abstract
Minimizing the systemic inflammatory response caused by cardiopulmonary bypass is a major concern. It has been suggested that the perfusion temperature affects the inflammatory response. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the effects of moderate hypothermia (32°C) and normothermia (36°C) during cardiopulmonary bypass on markers of the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes (time on ventilator) after surgical closure of ventricular septal defects. During surgical closure of ventricular septal defects under cardiopulmonary bypass, 20 children (median age 4.9 months, range 2.3-38 months; median weight 7.2 kg, range 5.2-11.7 kg) were randomized to a perfusion temperature of either 32°C (Group 1, n = 10) or 36°C (Group 2, n = 10). The clinical data and blood samples were collected before cardiopulmonary bypass, directly after aortic cross-clamp release, and 4 and 24 h after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Time on ventilation as primary outcome did not differ between the two groups. Other clinical outcome parameters like fluid balance or length of stay in the intensive care were also similar in the two groups. Compared with Group 2, Group 1 needed significantly higher and longer inotropic support (P 0.001). In Group 1, two infants had junctional ectopic tachycardia, and another had a pulmonary hypertensive crisis. Perfusion temperature did not influence cytokine release, organ injury, or coagulation. Cardiopulmonary bypass temperature does not influence time on ventilation or inflammatory marker release. However, in the present study, with a small patient cohort, patients operated under hypothermic bypass needed higher and longer inotropic support. The use of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children should be approached with care.
- Published
- 2015
30. Finanzsteuerung im Elementarbereich: Gerecht und effizient?
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Nina Hogrebe and Wolfgang Böttcher
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Eine der dringlichsten (padagogischen) Herausforderungen besteht derzeit in Deutschland darin, den Zusammenhang zwischen der Bildungsbiografie eines Kindes und seiner familiaren Herkunft aufzubrechen. Auf der Suche nach geeigneten Handlungsstrategien ist der fruhkindliche Bildungsbereich zunehmend in den Fokus der Auseinandersetzungen geruckt. In der Konsequenz wurden hier zahlreiche Masnahmen implementiert, die – zumindest auch – der Forderung benachteiligter Kinder dienen sollen. In diesem Kontext werden auch neue Formen der Finanzsteuerung diskutiert und erprobt. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich damit, eine bedarfsorientierte Finanzierung von Kindertageseinrichtungen als potentiell wirkungsvolles Instrument zur Forderung von Bildungsgerechtigkeit zu diskutieren. Insbesondere will er eine wesentliche Voraussetzung fur die Entfaltung dieses Wirkpotentials empirisch bewerten: die zutreffende Beschreibung und Erfassung des Ressourcenbedarfs der Leistungsempfanger. Am Beispiel der Stadt Munster wird der Bedarfsindikator des Sozialraums einer kritischen Prufung unterzogen. Aus okonomischer Perspektive orientiert sich eine Bewertung dabei nicht nur am Grad der Zielerreichung (Effektivitat), sondern auch daran, mit welchem Mitteleinsatz sie realisiert wird (Effizienz).
- Published
- 2015
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31. Ganze Tage in der Schule
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Wolfgang Böttcher
- Published
- 2015
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32. Fremdblutfreier kardiopulmonaler Bypass bei vier Angehörigen der Religionsgemeinschaft 'Jehovas Zeugen' mit einem Körpergewicht unter 5 kg
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M. Hübler, H. Kuppe, F. Schulz, E. Gutsch, R. Hetzer, M. Redlin, Felix Berger, A. Koster, Wolfgang Böttcher, and V. Alexi-Meskishvili
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Surgery ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Angehorige der Religionsgemeinschaft Jehovas Zeugen lehnen Bluttransfusionen aufgrund ihrer Interpretation der Bibel meist grundsatzlich ab. Selbst Retransfusionen autologen Blutes sind ihnen untersagt, sobald das Blut ihren Kreislauf verlassen hat. Daher stellen herzchirurgische Eingriffe bei Jehovas Zeugen eine auserordentliche Herausforderung fur das gesamte Team dar. Wir berichten von herzchirurgischen Eingriffen in Kombination mit kardiopulmonalem Bypass bei vier Neonaten, bzw. Sauglingen mit einem Korpergewicht von 3,1 kg, 3,5 kg, 4,2 kg und 4,5 kg ohne jegliche Transfusion von Blutkomponenten. Bei diesen Patienten wurde das extrakorporale Kreislaufsystem modifiziert, um das Fullvolumen der Herz-Lungen-Maschine und die daraus resultierende Hamodilution zu verringern. Eine spezielle Herz-Lungen-Maschinen-Konsole in Verbindung mit aggressiv blutsparenden Masnahmen ermoglichte die Operation ohne Bluttransfusion. Das extrakorporale System wurde nur mit Vollelektrolytlosung gefullt. Der kardiopulmonale Bypass wurde in Normothermie oder in moderater Hypothermie durchgefuhrt. Keiner dieser Patienten erhielt Bluttransfusionen oder Blutprodukte wahrend des stationaren Behandlungszeitraumes.
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- 2006
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33. Der Beginn der chirurgischen Therapie der Lungenembolie
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Alexander Krüger and Wolfgang Böttcher
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiothoracic surgery ,business.industry ,Trendelenburg ,medicine ,Surgery ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Die Idee der chirurgischen Therapie der Lungenembolie auserte 1907 zuerst Trendelenburg. Erst 17 Jahre spater konnte er in seinem letzten Lebensjahr die erfolgreich durch Kirschner durchgefuhrte Operation nach seiner Methode erleben. Die Herz-Lungen-Maschine, die zunachst fur genau diesen Zweck von Gibbon erdacht worden war, wurde im Rahmen der operativen Lungenembolektomie erstmals 1961 eingesetzt.
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- 2006
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34. Historische Entwicklung der k�nstlichen Stimulation des Herzens
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Wolfgang Böttcher, Frank Merkle, and Heinz-Hermann Weitkemper
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine ,Surgery ,Art ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,media_common - Abstract
Mit dem Nachweis der Wirkung des Galvanismus auf das tierische Herz durch Schmuck und Alexander von Humboldt im achtzehnten Jahrhundert begann die Geschichte der kunstlichen elektrischen Stimulation des Herzens. Zu Beginn des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts experimentierten Bichat, Nysten und Aldini erstmals mit der Stimulation des menschlichen Herzens. Krimer und Steiner entwickelten erste Moglichkeiten zur Lebenserhaltung durch Elektropunktion des Herzens. Am Ende des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts waren es besonders von Ziemssen und McWilliam, die eine Beeinflussung eines Herzrhythmus durch wiederholte Stimuli beweisen konnten. Lidwill und Hyman entwickelten in den zwanziger Jahren des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts erste externe Herzschrittmacher. Vor genau funfzig Jahren konnten Zoll und, nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen, Lillehei Patienten mittels tagelanger externer Stimulation am Leben halten. Wenige Jahre spater wurden durch Senning und Elmquist und nachfolgend auch durch Chardack und Greatbatch Herzschrittmacheraggregate entwickelt, die implantiert werden konnten.
- Published
- 2003
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35. Prebypass filtration of cardiopulmonary bypass circuits: an outdated technique?
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Roland Hetzer, Frank Merkle, and Wolfgang Böttcher
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Oxygenators ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Cardiopulmonary bypass ,Embolism, Air ,Humans ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Particle Size ,Cardioplegic Solutions ,Filtration ,Oxygenators, Membrane ,Electronic circuit ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Cardiopulmonary Bypass ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Priming (steam locomotive) ,030228 respiratory system ,Anesthesia ,Arterial line ,Particle size ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Safety Research ,Perfusion ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Filtration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) priming fluid before connection of the circuit to the patient was first accomplished by arterial line filtration. When dedicated prebypass filters (PBFs) with smaller pore sizes became available, a large number of particles could be found on the filter surface. In recent years, modern manufacturing methods for CPB circuit components were believed to be associated with a reduced number of particles found in components of extracorporeal circuits, making separate filtration of CPB priming solution unnecessary. Microemboli generated during the preparation and priming procedure of the CPB circuit may consist of either solid particles or gaseous emboli and may contribute to patient morbidity. Endotoxins found in infusion solutions and CPB priming solutions may trigger inflammatory responses when administered into the circulatory system. Filtration of crystalloid CPB priming solutions with a PBF consisting of a filter membrane with a pore size of0.2 mm was found to effectively reduce the number of microemboli. Infusion filters with a filter pore size of 0.2 mm were found to reduce the endotoxin contamination in infusion solutions. Prebypass filtration with filters containing pores of 0.2 mm should be a necessity for contemporary perfusion practice.
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- 2003
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36. Curriculum, Evaluation, and Control in Germany
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Wolfgang Böttcher
- Subjects
Control (management) ,Pedagogy ,Mathematics education ,Sociology ,Curriculum - Published
- 2015
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37. Cerebral Oxygen Monitoring during Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest
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E. Gutsch, Michael Hübler, Roland Hetzer, A. Wehsack, Stephan Schubert, Hashim Abdul-Khaliq, D Troitzsch, Peter E. Lange, and Wolfgang Böttcher
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Swine ,Cerebral oxygen saturation ,law.invention ,Oxygen Consumption ,Hypothermia, Induced ,law ,Monitoring, Intraoperative ,Internal medicine ,Cardiopulmonary bypass ,Animals ,Medicine ,Cardiopulmonary Bypass ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,business.industry ,Brain ,Reproducibility of Results ,Oxygenation ,Venous blood ,Hypothermia ,surgical procedures, operative ,Animals, Newborn ,Cerebrovascular Circulation ,Anesthesia ,Models, Animal ,Heart Arrest, Induced ,Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest ,Cardiology ,Surgery ,Hemoglobin ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Clinical death - Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to investigate the physiological effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) on cerebral oxygen metabolism estimated by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). METHODS Ten newborn piglets (2.1 to 2.6 kg) were monitored with right frontal NIRS; the right jugular bulb was cannulated for intermittent sampling of jugular venous blood. All animals underwent CPB, cooling to a core temperature below 15 degrees C, 60 minutes of DHCA followed by subsequent reperfusion and rewarming. Continuously recorded NIRS data and intermittent jugular venous blood values were compared. RESULTS NIRS performance was examined over the jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2) range of 40 to 98 %, a linear correlation was found between SjvO2 and NIRS-derived regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). A correlation was observed between the cellular oxidation NIRS-parameter cytochrome oxidase aa3 (CytOx) slope during the DHCA period in relation to rectal and nasopharyngeal temperature immediately before the onset of DHCA (r = 0.75 and 0.85, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that NIRS-measured hemoglobin oxygenation parameters may reflect functional changes in cerebral hemodynamics and brain tissue oxygenation, while CytOx values represent related effects on intracellular oxidative metabolism.
- Published
- 2002
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38. Improved myocardial preservation with short hyperthermia prior to cold cardioplegic ischemia in immature rabbit hearts✩
- Author
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Rainer Moosdorf, Peter Lange, D Troitzsch, Wolfgang Böttcher, Sebastian Vogt, and Hashim Abdul-Khaliq
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Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Hyperthermia ,Cardiac output ,Blotting, Western ,Myocardial Ischemia ,Diastole ,Ischemia ,HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Myocardial Reperfusion ,In Vitro Techniques ,Oxygen Consumption ,Heart Rate ,Hypothermia, Induced ,Heat shock protein ,medicine ,Animals ,HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Lactic Acid ,Cardioplegic Solutions ,Heat-Shock Proteins ,business.industry ,Myocardium ,HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Hyperthermia, Induced ,General Medicine ,Hypothermia ,medicine.disease ,Myocardial Contraction ,Animals, Newborn ,Anesthesia ,Shock (circulatory) ,Surgery ,Rabbits ,medicine.symptom ,Carrier Proteins ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Perfusion ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Objective: Recent observations have been shown that the induction and accumulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) by short exposure to nonlethal whole-body hyperthermia with normothermic recovery are closely associated with transient resistance to subsequent ischemiareperfusion challanges. Here, this study was performed to investigate whether a shortly heat shock pretreatment affects the left ventricular (LV) function after cold cardioplegic ischemia in reperfused neonatal rabbit hearts. Methods: Hearts from neonatal New Zealand White rabbits were isolated perfused (working heart preparation) and exposed to 2 h of cold cardioplegic ischemia followed by reperfusion for 60 min. To induce the heat shock response neonatal rabbits (na 5, HT-group) were subjected to whole-body hyperthermia at 42.0‐42.58C for 15 min, followed by a normothermic recovery period of 60 min, before harvesting and the onset of global hypothermic cardioplegic arrest. Another set of hearts (na 5, control group) without a heat treatment underwent a similar perfusion and ischemia protocol served as control. The postischemic recovery was assessed by measuring several parameters of LV function. LV biopsies from all control and heat treated animals were taken before ischemia and at the end of reperfusion to examine myocardial HSP levels by Western blot analysis. Results :A t 60 min of reperfusion the HT-group showed significant better recovery of ventricular function such as LV developed pressure (DP) (74.6 ^ 10 vs. 52.1 ^ 8.5%, P , 0.05), LV positive dP/dt (910 ^ 170 vs. 530 ^ 58 mmHg/s, P , 0:01) and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (8 ^ 2 vs. 18.4 ^ 5 mmHg, P , 0:05) than control. Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) was significantly higher in the HT-group compared with control (0.054 ^ 0.006 vs. 0.041 ^ 0.002 ml/g per min, P , 0:05). Significant postreperfusion lower level in lactate production was observed in the HT-group (0.83 ^ 0.11 vs. 1.67 ^ 0.8 mmol/l, P , 0:05). Also, the recovery of hemodynamic parameters such as aortic flow, coronary flow and cardiac output was significantly superior (P , 0:05) in the HT-group. Furthermore, high expression of HSP72 1 /73 1 were detected in the myocardial tissue samples of heat-treated rabbits by immunoblotting, appearing even at 60 min of normothermic recovery after heat stress. Conclusions: These data in the immature rabbit heart indicate that previous shortly heat treatment with high level expression of heat shock proteins (HSP72 1 /73 1 ) before hypothermic cardioplegic ischemia provides transient tolerance against myocardial injury and could be an improvement for the postischemic functional recovery of neonatal hearts. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2000
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39. Interactions between dietary fat type and enzyme supplementation in broiler diets with high pentosan contents: effects on precaecal and total tract digestibility of fatty acids, metabolizability of gross energy, digesta viscosity and weights of small intestine
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Sven Dänicke, Ortwin Simon, Heinz Jeroch, and Wolfgang Böttcher
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Broiler ,Fatty acid ,Biology ,Feed conversion ratio ,Small intestine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Tallow ,medicine ,Xylanase ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Growth rate ,Food science - Abstract
One hundred grams fat, based on blends of beef tallow and soya oil (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20 and 100:0) which corresponded to dietary ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (U:S ratio) of 5.47, 3.23, 2.11, 1.45, 1.00 and 0.69, respectively, was incorporated into a rye-based broiler diet (610 g kg−1). All diets were tested without or with supplementation of a xylanase-containing enzyme preparation in a combined growth test and balance study. Increasing the proportion of dietary tallow resulted in depression in live-weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio, exponential increase in jejunal supernatant viscosity, increased empty weight of small intestine and reduced digestibility of fat and fatty acids and metabolizability of gross energy. The beneficial effect of addition of xylanase was greatest at higher tallow concentrations. In diets which were not supplemented with enzyme, it was shown that small incremental increases in U:S ratio up to ≈1.5 resulted in distinct incremental increases in digestibility, whereas ratios exceeding this value had virtually no further benefit. Such effects were less pronounced in enzyme supplemented groups. In conclusion, addition of an exogenous xylanase to a rye-based broiler diet containing 100 g added fat/kg gives results which very much depend on the U:S ratio. As the ratio increases up to maximum of 1.5 U:S, which corresponds to 40 g soya oil and 60 g tallow/kg, the enzyme effects are greatly pronounced in terms of growth performance, fat and fatty acid digestibility and metabolizability of energy. Beyond this U:S ratio effects of xylanase are more limited.
- Published
- 2000
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40. Effect of soy oil supplementation and protein level in laying hen diets on praecaecal nutrient digestibility, performance, reproductive performance, fatty acid composition of yolk fat, and on other egg quality parameters
- Author
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Wolfgang Böttcher, Heinz Jeroch, Sven Dänicke, Peggy Ahrens, Sigmar Götze, Ingrid Halle, and Rainer Zachmann
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,Linolenic acid ,Linoleic acid ,General Chemistry ,Biology ,Feed conversion ratio ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Soybean oil ,Palmitic acid ,Oleic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,chemistry ,Docosahexaenoic acid ,Yolk ,Food science ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
An experiment was carried out with laying hens in the age of 22—45 weeks to examine the effects of added soy oil (0%, 3.5%, 7%, 10.5%, and 14%) and dietary protein level (13.2% and 16.3%) on laying and reproductive performance, fatty acid composition of yolk fat, and other egg quality parameters. Moreover, digestibility of nutrients and of energy was determined by using a marker technique. Laying intensity and feed intake were not influenced by dietary treatments whereas egg weight and daily egg mass production were significantly improved by soy oil addition in a non-linear related manner. The feed conversion ratio reached a minimum at soy oil proportions between 3.5% and 10.5%. Reproductive performance in terms of fertilized eggs, hatchability, and mortality of chicks was not affected by dietary treatments. The increase of egg weights due to soy oil addition was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the proportion of albumen and a decrease of yolk and shell percentage. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) proportions in yolk fat decreased as soy oil addition was increased whereas the proportions of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3) were increased at the same time. Praecaecal digestibility of crude fat and fatty acids of the diets were non-linearly improved by soy oil addition. Digestibility of crude protein and amino acids were not affected by either protein content of the diet or by soy oil supplementation. In conclusion, a decrease in dietary protein content from 16.3% to 13.2% did not negatively influence performance of hens and egg quality under the experimental conditions applied. Soy oil addition improved egg quality.
- Published
- 2000
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41. Effects of dietary fat type, pentosan level, and xylanases on digestibility of fatty acids, liver lipids, and vitamin E in broilers
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Sven Dänicke, Heinz Jeroch, Wolfgang Böttcher, Michael R. Bedford, and Ortwin Simon
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Vitamin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,General Computer Science ,Linolenic acid ,Vitamin E ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Broiler ,Fatty acid ,Ileum ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Tallow ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Stearic acid ,Food science ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
A complete two by two by four factorial design was used to examine the main effects of dietary fat type (10% soy oil or 10% beef tallow), xylanase supplementation (with or without Avizyme 1300 at 1 g/kg diet), and pentosan level (calculated values: 7.7 g/kg, 11.0 g/kg, 14.3 g/kg, and 17.6 g/kg soluble pentosans, respectively, by varying wheat/rye proportions) as well as their interactions on intestinal chyme conditions, fat and fatty acid digestibility, fatty acid profile, and vitamin E content of livers in broilers. Jejunal and ileal supernatant viscosity increased in an exponential manner as dietary pentosan concentration was increased. This increase was most pronounced in enzyme unsupplemented, tallow-fed birds but was also found in enzyme-treated groups albeit at a much lower level. Lipase activity in jejunal samples was significantly enhanced in broilers fed tallow-containing and unsupplemented rye-based diet (17.6 g/kg soluble pentosans). Digestibility of fat at the terminal ileum was significantly decreased as dietary pentosan concentration was increased and significantly improved by xylanase addition, this effect being most apparent in tallow-fed birds. In addition, enzyme effects became greater at higher pentosan concentrations. Generally, fatty acid digestibilities responded in a similar manner. Saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acid) responded mostly to dietary treatments compared with unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid), and fatty acids derived from tallow were more affected than those from soy oil. Xylanase supplementation shifted absorption of both into the more proximal regions. Vitamin E content of livers was significantly improved by xylanase addition but not influenced by the other dietary treatments. The fatty acid profile of liver lipids was markedly affected by dietary fat type but the effects of pentosan concentration and of xylanase supplementation were not always consistent. Der Einflus von Futterfettart, Pentosan- und Xylanasegehalt auf die Verdaulichkeit von Fettsauren, Leberlipiden und Vitamin E in Broilern. Es kam eine vollstandige 2 × 2 × 4-faktorielle Versuchsanlage zur Anwendung, um die Haupteffekte von Futterfett (10 % Sojaol bzw. 10 % Rindertalg), Xylanasezulage (ohne bzw. mit 1 g Avizyme 1300 je kg Futter) und Pentosanniveau (kalkulierte Werte: 7,7 g/kg, 11,0 g/kg, 14,3 g/kg bzw. 17,6 g/kg losliche Pentosane, durch Verschnitt von Weizen mit Roggen bei variierenden Anteilen) sowie deren Wechselwirkungen auf das intestinale Milieu, die Fett- und Fettsaurenverdaulichkeit sowie das Fettsaurenmuster und den Vitamin E-Gehalt der Leber beim Broiler zu untersuchen. Die jejunale und ileale Viskositat stieg mit zunehmender Pentosankonzentration exponentiell an. Dieser Anstieg war am deutlichsten ausgepragt bei den Broilern, die mit unsupplementierten und Talg-enthaltenden Mischungen gefuttert wurden, war aber auch bei den supplementierten Varianten festzustellen, wenngleich auf einem niedrigeren Niveau. Die Lipaseaktivitat war signifikant erhoht bei den Broilern der unsupplementierten, Roggen-und Talg-enthaltenden Variante (17,6 g/kg losliche Pentosane). Die Fettverdaulichkeit am terminalen Ileum sank signifikant mit steigendem Pentosangehalt und wurde durch die Xylanasezulage deutlich verbessert, wobei diese Effekte bei den mit Talg gefutterten Tieren am deutlichsten ausgepragt waren. Daruber hinaus stieg der Enzymeffekt mit zunehmendem Pentosangehalt. Die Fettsaurenverdaulichkeit reagierte generell in gleicher Weise. Die gesattigten Fettsauren (Palmitin-und Stearinsaure) reagierten starker auf die Behandlungen als die ungesattigten Fettsauren (ol-, Linol- und Linolensaure), wobei die vom Talg stammenden Fettsauren starker betroffen waren als die vom Sojaol. Die Xylanasezulage verschob die Absorption der Fettsauren in die proximalen Dunndarmregionen. Der Vitamin E-Gehalt der Lebern wurde signifikant durch die Xylanasezulage erhoht, durch die anderen Faktoren jedoch nicht beeinflust. Das Fettsaurenmuster der Lebern wurde stark durch die Futterfettart gepragt. Die Effekte von Pentosanniveau und Xylanasezulage waren dabei jedoch nicht immer konsistent.
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- 1999
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42. Successful Use of Bivalirudin as Anticoagulant for ECMO in a Patient With Acute HIT
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Yuguo Weng, Hermann Kuppe, Wolfgang Böttcher, Roland Hetzer, Andreas Koster, and T. Gromann
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Adult ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Membrane oxygenator ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Activated clotting time ,Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ,Bolus (medicine) ,medicine ,Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ,Humans ,Bivalirudin ,Cardiac Surgical Procedures ,Heart Failure ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Heparin ,business.industry ,Anticoagulant ,Anticoagulants ,Hirudins ,Thrombocytopenia ,Peptide Fragments ,Recombinant Proteins ,Aortic Aneurysm ,Aortic Dissection ,Direct thrombin inhibitor ,Anesthesia ,Female ,Surgery ,Heart-Assist Devices ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A patient with myocardial failure after repair of an acute type A aortic dissection had acute heparin-induced thrombocytopenia develop during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Heparin was discontinued and the anticoagulant was switched to the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin given with a bolus of 0.5 mg/kg followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 mg/kg/h. Using this protocol, activated clotting time values ranged from 200 to 220 seconds. After prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support and recovery of left ventricular function, a right ventricular assist device was implanted during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support with bivalirudin anticoagulation. For this procedure an additional bolus of 0.25 mg/kg bivalirudin was given, and the infusion rate increased to 1 mg/kg/h to achieve activated clotting time values of 300 to 350 seconds. Surgery was successfully performed with moderate intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements.
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- 2007
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43. Kommission Bildungsorganisation, Bildungsplanung, Bildungsrecht
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Wolfgang Böttcher
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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44. Frühe Hilfen und Frühe Bildung: Chancen zur Reduktion von Chancenungleichheit?
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Nina Hogrebe, Wolfgang Böttcher, and Rolf Strietholt
- Abstract
Vor dem Hintergrund der Konsequenzen milieubedingter Ausgangsbedingungen fur das Leben des Einzelnen ist es uberaus begrusenswert, dass die Problematisierung ungleicher Bildungs- und Lebenschancen in Deutschland bereits seit einigen Jahren wieder ein populares Thema auf der Agenda der Bildungs- und Sozialpolitik ist. Unklar bleibt dabei jedoch haufig, was genau gleiche Chancen ausmacht beziehungsweise wann von als problematisch zu bewertenden ungleichen Chancen gesprochen werden muss. Seit jeher ist der Begriff der Chancengleichheit beziehungsweise -ungleichheit in den offentlichen, politischen und sogar wissenschaftlichen Debatten mit einer sprachlichen und inhaltlichen Unscharfe besetzt (Heckhausen 1981; Becker 2009). Amartya Sen (2010) beschreibt eine Chance ganz allgemein als Funktion der Freiheit eines Menschen.
- Published
- 2014
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45. Einfluß gestaffelter Rapssaatanteile im Legehennenfutter auf das Fettsäurenmuster des Eifettes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der polyungesättigten Fettsäuren
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R. Zachmann, Wolfgang Böttcher, Sven Dänicke, and Heinz Jeroch
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Ingredient ,food.ingredient ,food ,Rape seed ,chemistry ,Yolk ,Botany ,Food science ,Fatty acid composition ,Biology ,Feed conversion ratio ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
Technical treated rape seed was evaluated as feed ingredient for laying hens and the influence of rape oil on the fatty acid composition of the egg volks was also investigated. Rape seed levels of 7.5%, 15% and 22% were fed both to brown and white laying hens (Lohmann Brown, Lb, and Lohmann Selected Leghorn, LSL, resp.). A depression in performance was recorded only with the highest rape inclusion level for the parameters feed conversion (LB-hens) and daily egg production (LSL-hens). The fatty acid composition of the egg yolk was influenced in a dose-response related manner. The percentage of the saturated fatty acids decreased with increasing levels of rape seed whereas the mono-unsaturated fatty acids and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were hardly influenced. The level of the polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids was characterized by a strong dose-dependent increase. In addition, long chained polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family ― not present in rape oil ― were detected in the yolks
- Published
- 1995
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46. Kooperationen in Frühen Hilfen und Sozialen Frühwarnsystemen
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Pascal Bastian, Wolfgang Böttcher, Anne Lohmann, Virginia Dellbrügge, Anna-Kristen Hentschke, and Holger Ziegler
- Abstract
Seit 2007 werden im Rahmen des Aktionsprogramms »Fruhe Hilfen fur Familien und soziale Fruhwarnsysteme« – initiiert vom Bundesministerium fur Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) – Unterstutzungssysteme fur Schwangere und Eltern mit Kindern unter drei Jahren sowie deren wissenschaftliche Begleitung gefordert (BMFSFJ 2007).
- Published
- 2012
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47. Externe Evaluation und die Steuerung der Einzelschule: Kontrolle oder Entwicklung?
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Miriam Keune and Wolfgang Böttcher
- Abstract
Im Paradigma der „Outputsteuerung“ geht es der Schulpolitik um die Ergebnisse der schulischen „Produktion“, die mittels einer Doppelstrategie gesichert werden sollen: „Einmal geht es um eine Vergroserung der Autonomie der einzelnen Schule, die gewissermasen als ‚Betrieb’ konzipiert wird, und zum anderen um eine neue Form von Controlling, von Rechenschaftslegung und der Dokumentation der erbrachten Leistungen“ (Fend 2008: 109, Hervorheb. im Original). Anders formuliert: Neben der erhohten Selbststandigkeit der Einzelschulen im Steuerungskonzept der Dezentralisierung lasst sich seit gut 20 Jahren ein (auch internationaler) Trend zur parallelen Einfuhrung von Masnahmen der Re- Zentralisierung ausmachen (vgl. Bottcher 2002). Die im Fokus der Politik stehenden (nunmehr selbststandigeren) Einzeleinrichtungen sollen also, geleitet durch zentrale Verfahren, Nachweise ihrer Qualitat erbringen. Zu den einschlagigen Masnahmen gehoren insbesondere Vorgaben durch nationale Curricula oder Bildungsstandards, die Erwartungen an Schulerkompetenzen formulieren. Auch Leistungstests, manche eher nach „klassischen“ Verfahren fachlicher Abstimmung kompiliert, andere als Ergebnis komplexer psychometrischer Ambitionen, gehoren zum Set der zentralen Steuerungsinstrumente.
- Published
- 2012
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48. Einführung in das Bildungs- und Sozialmanagement
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Joachim Merchel and Wolfgang Böttcher
- Abstract
Was verbirgt sich hinter der Vokabel „Management" und welche speziellen Managementanforderungen im Bildungsbereich und im Sozialbereich müssen erfüllt werden? Was ist für die Steuerung, Leitung und Gestaltung von Organisationen im Sozial- und Bildungswesen wichtig? Die Autoren geben einen Überblick zu grundsätzlichen Aufgaben, die Organisationen in diesen so bedeutenden gesellschaftlichen Funktionsbereichen zu bewältigen haben. Sie beschreiben zentrale Handlungsgebiete des Managements im Bildungs- und Sozialbereich. Erfolgreiche (sozial-)pädagogische Arbeit wird im guten Fall durch die Art und Weise ihres „Managements“ gefördert und gestützt, im schlechten Fall behindert oder gar verhindert. Diese Einführung zeigt prägnant, dass Pädagogik und Organisation keine Antagonisten sind. Ihre Allianz ist Bedingung für die Qualitätsentwicklung von Lernen, Lehren, Erziehung und Hilfe.
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- 2010
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49. The first closure of the persistent ductus arteriosus
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Vladimir Alexi-Meskishvili and Wolfgang Böttcher
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ,History, 19th Century ,History, 20th Century ,Surgery ,History, 17th Century ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Persistent ductus arteriosus ,Cardiothoracic surgery ,History, 16th Century ,Ductus arteriosus ,embryonic structures ,cardiovascular system ,medicine ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Surgical treatment ,business ,Ductus Arteriosus, Patent - Abstract
Congenital heart disease began to be a treatable condition when, in 1938, Robert Edward Gross first successfully ligated a persistent ductus arteriosus. This overview traces the historical development from Munro's first idea of how to close a patent ductus, presented in 1907, to the clinical ligation or division of the ductus. Surgical treatment of the infected ductus began with an unsuccessful attempt by Strieder, but it was not until Tubbs' and Touroff's successful operations that it was actually accomplished.
- Published
- 2010
50. Neue Formen der 'Schulinspektion': Wirkungshoffnungen und Wirksamkeit im Spiegel empirischer Bildungsforschung
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Wolfgang Böttcher and Hans-Georg Kotthoff
- Abstract
In den deutschsprachigen Schulsystemen werden seit einigen Jahren mit einem – zumindest fur deutsche Verhaltnisse – relativ hohen Reformtempo neue Steuerungsinstrumente entwickelt und implementiert, die freilich in anderen Staaten bereits seit langerem zum etablierten Kern der „Governance“-Strukturen zahlen. Dies gilt auch fur die Einfuhrung des Steuerungsinstruments der „externen Evaluation“, die als „Schulinspektion“, „Qualitatsanalyse“, „Fremdevaluation“ oder „Schulvisitation“ oder ahnlichem firmiert. Auch wenn die Vielfalt der Bezeichnungen durchaus auf unterschiedliche Akzentuierungen der Schulinspektion in den jeweiligen Steuerungsstrukturen hinweist, so gibt es doch landerubergreifende Merkmale, die allen Schulinspektionskonzepten gemein sind und die auch in der folgenden grundlegenden Definition zum Ausdruck kommen: „Schulinspektion bedeutet Blick in oder auf Einzelschulen auf der Grundlage einer Zusammenschau vorhandener, intern und/oder extern gewonnener Daten. Die Inspektionen erfolgen meist auf der Grundlage von Verfahren mit wiederkehrenden Standardelementen, die in offentlich zuganglichen Handbuchern beschrieben sind“ (Maritzen 2008, S. 87).
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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