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1. NANOGrav spectral index $\gamma=3$ from melting domain walls

Author

Babichev, E., Gorbunov, D., Ramazanov, S., Samanta, R., and Vikman, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We discuss cosmic domain walls described by a tension red-shifting with the expansion of the Universe. These melting domain walls emit gravitational waves (GW) with the low-frequency spectral shape $\Omega_{gw}\propto f^{2}$ corresponding to the spectral index $\gamma=3$ favoured by the recent NANOGrav 15 yrs data. We discuss a concrete high-energy physics scenario proposed in Refs. [1,2] which leads to such a melting domain wall network in the early Universe. This scenario involves a feebly coupled scalar field $\chi$, which can serve as a promising dark matter candidate. We identify parameters of the model matching the GW characteristics observed in the NANOGrav data. The dark matter mass is pushed to the ultra-light range below $10^{-11}-10^{-12}\,\text{eV}$ which is accessible through planned observations thanks to the effects of superradiance of rotating black holes., Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure

Published
2023

2. Role of Mast-Cell-Derived RANKL in Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice

Author

Verena Fischer, Jasmin Maria Bülow, Benjamin Thilo Krüger, Deniz Ragipoglu, Anna Vikman, Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, Konstantinos Katsoulis-Dimitriou, Anne Dudeck, and Anita Ignatius

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, mast cells, RANKL, osteoclasts, post-menopausal osteoporosis, ovariectomy, estrogen, osteoimmunology, mice, General Medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications
Abstract

Mast cells may contribute to osteoporosis development, because patients with age-related or post-menopausal osteoporosis exhibit more mast cells in the bone marrow, and mastocytosis patients frequently suffer from osteopenia. We previously showed that mast cells crucially regulated osteoclastogenesis and bone loss in ovariectomized, estrogen-depleted mice in a preclinical model for post-menopausal osteoporosis and found that granular mast cell mediators were responsible for these estrogen-dependent effects. However, the role of the key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, namely, receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL), which is secreted by mast cells, in osteoporosis development has, to date, not been defined. Here, we investigated whether mast-cell-derived RANKL participates in ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss by using female mice with a conditional Rankl deletion. We found that this deletion in mast cells did not influence physiological bone turnover and failed to protect against OVX-induced bone resorption in vivo, although we demonstrated that RANKL secretion was significantly reduced in estrogen-treated mast cell cultures. Furthermore, Rankl deletion in mast cells did not influence the immune phenotype in non-ovariectomized or ovariectomized mice. Therefore, other osteoclastogenic factors released by mast cells might be responsible for the onset of OVX-induced bone loss.

Published
2023
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3. Biodegradable Cellulose Nanocomposite Substrate for Recyclable Flexible Printed Electronics

Author

Jaiswal, Aayush Kumar, Kumar, Vinay, Jansson, Elina, Huttunen, Olli-Heikki, Yamamoto, Akio, Vikman, Minna, Khakalo, Alexey, Hiltunen, Jussi, and Behfar, Mohammadhossein

Subjects
biocomposite films, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, flexible devices, printed electronics, Nanocomposite films, biobased products, sustainability, cellulose, nanocellulose, biomaterials
Abstract

Printed, flexible, and hybrid electronic technologies are advancing rapidly leading to remarkable developments in smart wearables, intelligent textiles, and health monitoring systems. Flexible electronics are typically fabricated on petroleum-derived polymeric substrates. However, in the light of global environmental concerns regarding fossil raw materials, there is a need to drive the production of flexible electronics devices based on sustainable materials. Additionally, there is a need to reduce the quantity of electronic waste by developing material recovery and recycling technologies. Here, a fully biobased and biodegradable substrate tailored for printed flexible electronic applications is developed. Based on a nanocomposite of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), the substrate shows excellent mechanical and optical properties for printed flexible electronics applications. High-resolution screen printing of conductive ink and typical electronics assembly processes are possible to realize on the substrate. An electrocardiograph (ECG) device is fabricated on the cellulosic substrate as a technology demonstrator and its performance is confirmed on human volunteers. Last, end-of-life scenarios are studied for printed electronic devices where device degradation and subsequent material recovery concepts are presented. This work demonstrates that sustainable plant-derived materials can play a big role toward a green transition in the electronics industry.

Published
2023
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5. Time difference in retrieving clinical information in Patient-overview Prostate Cancer compared to electronic health records

Author

Charlotte Alverbratt, Hanna Vikman, Marie Hjälm Eriksson, Pär Stattin, and Ingela Franck Lissbrant

Subjects
Male, Sweden, EHR, decision support, Urology, Prostatic Neoplasms, Patient overview, electronic health record, prostate cancer, castration resistant, metastatic, usability, Nephrology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urologi och njurmedicin, graphic visualization, Electronic Health Records, Humans, Urology and Nephrology
Abstract

Background Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) typically undergo numerous lines of treatment leading to large amounts of information in Electronic Health Records (EHRs). The Patient-overview Prostate Cancer (PPC) presents clinical information in a graphical overview. The aim of this study was to measure time spent on retrieving clinical information in PPC compared to EHRs, to assess if retrieved data was correct and to explore usability of PPC. Material and methods Oncologists, urologists and nurses in three hospitals in Sweden were timed when filling out questionnaires about patients using PPC and two different EHRs; Melior and COSMIC. Time and number of errors were analysed using linear mixed models (LMMs). Usability of PPC was measured with the System Usability Scale. Results The LMM showed a significantly shorter time to retrieve information in PPC compared to EHRs. The estimated time to complete one questionnaire was 8 minutes (95% CI = 6-10, p < 0.001) in PPC compared to 25 minutes in Melior and 21 minutes in COSMIC. Compared to PPC, the estimated time difference was 17 minutes longer in Melior (95% CI = 14-20, p < 0.001) and 13 minutes longer in COSMIC (95% CI = 10-17, p < 0.001). The LMM showed significantly fewer errors in PPC compared to Melior. No significant difference in the number of errors was found between PPC and COSMIC. The usability of PPC was rated as excellent by oncologists, urologists and nurses. Conclusion A graphical overview of a patient's medical history, as in PPC, gives health staff rapid access to relevant information with a high degree of usability.

Published
2022
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6. Increased levels of a subset of angiogenesis-related plasma proteins in essential thrombocythemia

Author

Sofia Vikman, Anders Larsson, Måns Thulin, and Torbjörn Karlsson

Subjects
angiogenesis, endostatin, extracellular matrix, matrix metallopeptidase 9, Essential thrombocythemia, Hematology, Hematologi, General Medicine
Abstract

Background: Increased local angiogenesis is important for the growth and dissemination of cancer. The myeloproliferative neoplasm essential thrombocythemia (ET) is known to involve increased bone marrow angiogenesis. Blood levels of several angiogenesis-related proteins are increased in different types of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a subset of such proteins was elevated in treatment-naïve ET patients. Methods: Blood plasma from 41 ET patients and 43 healthy aged-matched controls was analyzed for eight different angiogenesis-related proteins. Results: The ET cohort displayed a more homogenous expression pattern of these proteins compared with controls. Five of the eight proteins were significantly increased in ET patients. Conclusion: Increased plasma levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and endostatin have not previously been reported in ET. In our patients, MMP9 levels correlated positively with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F allele burden and leukocyte count.

Published
2023
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7. Mechanisms Governing 90Sr Removal and Remobilisation in a VLLW Surface Disposal Concept

Author

Mallory S. Ho, Gianni F. Vettese, Paula H. Keto, Suvi P. Lamminmäki, Minna Vikman, Emmi Myllykylä, Kathy Dardenne, and Gareth T. W. Law

Subjects
Technology, EXAFS, very low-level radioactive waste disposal, bentonite, flow-through columns, Geology, strontium, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, ddc:600
Abstract

Flow-through columns were used to assess potential long-term trends in 90Sr biogeochemistry and transport in a Finnish near-surface very low-level waste (VLLW) repository concept. Experiments simulated the effects of water intrusion and flow through the repository barrier and backfill materials, examining impacts on 90Sr migration. Artificial rainwater containing 2.0 mg/L stable Sr (as a proxy for 90Sr) was pumped through column systems that had varying compositions from a matrix of rock flour (backfill material), bentonite (backfill/sealing material), and carbon steel (waste encapsulation material), for 295 days. Effluent geochemistry was monitored throughout. Sr retention behaviour in all column systems was broadly similar. Sr removal from influent rainwater was marked (~95% removed) at the beginning of the experiments, and this degree of removal was maintained for 20 days. Thereafter, Sr concentrations in the effluents began to rise, reaching ~2 mg/L by 295 days. Further, 56%–67% of added Sr was retained in the repository materials over the 295-day reaction period. Analysis of the effluents indicated that colloids did not form; as such, Sr output was likely to be aqueous Sr2+. Upon completion of the experiment, solid-associated Sr distribution and speciation in the columns were assessed through column sectioning and post-mortem analyses, which encompassed the following: total acid digests, sequential extractions, and XAS analysis. The total acid digests and sequential extractions showed that Sr was evenly distributed throughout the columns and that the majority (68%–87%) of solid-associated Sr was in the exchangeable fraction (MgCl2). This suggested that a major part of the solid-phase Sr was weakly bound to the column materials via outer-sphere sorption. Interestingly, a smaller amount of Sr (7%–23%) could only be extracted by aqua regia, suggesting that a proportion of Sr may bind more strongly to the barrier materials. XAS analysis of select samples confirmed that the dominant Sr phase was sorbed to the rock flour and bentonite, but not corroded carbon steel. Columns were also subject to remobilisation experiments using artificial rain- and seawater without added Sr. While rainwater remobilised Sr slowly, high-ionic strength seawater remobilised Sr at much higher rates in the systems containing bentonite. Interestingly, Sr was well retained in the rock flour-only system following rain and seawater intrusion. Overall, the results indicate that the column materials provide reactive surfaces for Sr removal should it be released from waste packages; however, the backfill and barrier materials have limited retention capacity, and the dominant sorption interaction is relatively weak. The safety case for the shallow disposal of radioactive waste should consider the possibility of seawater intrusion and that the bentonite-bound Sr was significantly more susceptible to remobilisation following seawater, despite retaining slightly more Sr during sorption experiments.

Published
2023
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9. People with HIV’s experiences of encounter in healthcare : A literature review

Author

Ericson, Vendela and Vikman, Agnes

Subjects
Upplevelser, Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal, Bemötande, Kvalitativ litteraturstudie, Omvårdnad, Nursing, Innehållsanalys, Personer med hiv
Abstract

Hiv är en sjukdom som kräver kontinuerlig behandling och kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården. Utebliven behandling resulterar i ökad sjuklighet och dödlighet. Samtidigt beskrivs att vårdpersonal kan påverka följsamhet och inställning till behandling hos personer med hiv. Det ställer ett ansvar på vårdpersonalen att bemöta personer med hiv på ett bra sätt. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva upplevelser av bemötandet inom hälso- och sjukvården hos personer med hiv. Metod: Författarna till litteraturstudien använde sig av kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats. 18 vetenskapliga artiklar ingick i analysen. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier; vikten av stöd från vårdpersonal, mötas av okunskap, respektlös behandling på grund av sin sjukdom samt ett gott bemötande ger förtroende för vårdpersonal. Slutsats: Resultatet visar på att det finns en tydligt bristande kunskap från hälso- och sjukvårdpersonalen kring sjukdomen och hur de drabbade påverkas vilket resulterat i exempelvis diskriminering och stigmatisering. Studien har även visat på vilken betydelse stödjande attityder och förhållningssätt har på personernas välbefinnande och följsamhet i behandlingen. Ytterligare kunskap krävs kring hur hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal ska utbildas för att personer med hiv ska uppleva ett bättre bemötande.

Published
2023

11. NANOGrav spectral index $γ=3$ from melting domain walls

Author

Babichev, E., Gorbunov, D., Ramazanov, S., Samanta, R., and Vikman, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract

We discuss cosmic domain walls described by a tension red-shifting with the expansion of the Universe. These melting domain walls emit gravitational waves (GW) with the low-frequency spectral shape $Ω_{gw}\propto f^{2}$ corresponding to the spectral index $γ=3$ favoured by the recent NANOGrav 15 yrs data. We discuss a concrete high-energy physics scenario proposed in Refs. [1,2] which leads to such a melting domain wall network in the early Universe. This scenario involves a feebly coupled scalar field $χ$, which can serve as a promising dark matter candidate. We identify parameters of the model matching the GW characteristics observed in the NANOGrav data. The dark matter mass is pushed to the ultra-light range below $10^{-11}-10^{-12}\,\text{eV}$ which is accessible through planned observations thanks to the effects of superradiance of rotating black holes., 13 pages, 1 figure

Published
2023
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12. Global and Local Stability for Ghosts Coupled to Positive Energy Degrees of Freedom

Author

Deffayet, Cédric, Held, Aaron, Mukohyama, Shinji, and Vikman, Alexander

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

Negative kinetic energies correspond to ghost degrees of freedom, which are potentially of relevance for cosmology, quantum gravity, and high energy physics. We present a novel wide class of stable mechanical systems where a positive energy degree of freedom interacts with a ghost. These theories have Hamiltonians unbounded from above and from below, are integrable, and contain free functions. We show analytically that their classical motion is bounded for all initial data. Moreover, we derive conditions allowing for Lyapunov stable equilibrium points. A subclass of these stable systems has simple polynomial potentials with stable equilibrium points entirely due to interactions with the ghost. All these findings are fully supported by numerical computations which we also use to gather evidence for stability in various nonintegrable systems., Comment: modified discussion with regards to ref [55]

Published
2023
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13. Teknik ska minska fallolyckor bland äldre

Author

Nyberg, Lars, Röijezon, Ulrik, Larsson, Agneta, Jäger, Jenny, Pauelsen, Mascha, Vikman, Irene, Falk, Jimmy, and Strandkvist, Viktor

Subjects
Annan hälsovetenskap, Other Health Sciences
Abstract

Godkänd;2023;Nivå 0;2023-03-31 (hanlid)

Published
2023

14. Experiences of the transition from student to practicing physiotherapist in primary care : A qualitative interview study

Author

Wennerberg, Pontus and Vikman, Gustav

Subjects
primary care, evidence-based practice, Physiotherapist, transition, Sjukgymnastik, Physiotherapy
Abstract

Bakgrund: Övergången från student till kliniskt verksam innebär en stor omställning för hälso- och sjukvårdsprofessioner, men det finns bristfällig information om ämnet gällande fysioterapeuter i en svensk primärvårdskontext. Det finns också utmaningar med att implementera evidensbaserad praktik i ett fysioterapeutiskt arbete trots en positiv inställning. Syfte: Syftet var att kartlägga fysioterapeuters upplevelser i och med övergången från student till kliniskt verksam fysioterapeut inom primärvården under det första arbetsåret samt att undersöka möjligheter och utmaningar gällande evidens och dess implementering i arbetet. Design och metod: En kvalitativ studie genomfördes med fem semistrukturerade intervjuer av fysioterapeuter inom primärvården vilka rekryterats genom ett bekvämlighetsurval. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Elva kategorier identifierades. Sex rörande övergången i sig från student till kliniker (“Tiden som kritisk faktor för att komma in i jobbet”, “Arbetsgivarens förväntningar på nyutexaminerade kan både vara hindrande och stöttande”, “Kollegornas viktiga roll”, “Inre föreställningar kan både hjälpa och stjälpa”, “Kunskapsluckor som behöver fyllas”, “Att växa in i sin profession”) och fem kategorier rörande evidens och dess implementering (“Svårt att veta vad som ska implementeras”, “Förutsättningar från arbetsgivaren är avgörande”, “Kollegornas inflytande på den formbara fysioterapeuten” “Grundkunskaper och tankesätt för evidensbaserad praktik från utbildningen”, “Personliga egenskaper och erfarenheters inverkan på evidensbaserad praktik”). Konklusion: Resultaten belyser betydelsen av arbetsplats-, person- och utbildningsfaktorer från olika vinklar i både underlättande och utmanande bemärkelse. Faktorerna var bland annat kopplade till tid, kollegor, förväntningar från arbetsplatsen samt personliga erfarenheter och egenskaper. Background: The transition from student to clinical practitioner represents a significant adjustment for healthcare professionals, but there is insufficient information about physiotherapists in a Swedish primary care context. There are also challenges in implementing evidence-based practice in physiotherapy despite a positive attitude. Purpose: To explore physiotherapists' experiences related to their transition from student to clinical practitioner in primary care during their first year of work and investigate opportunities and challenges regarding evidence and its implementation in practice. Design and method: A qualitative study was conducted with five semi-structured interviews of physiotherapists in primary care, recruited through convenience sampling. The material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Eleven categories were identified. Six categories were related to the transition from student to clinical practitioner ("Time as a critical factor in getting into the job”, “Employer expectations of new graduates can be both hindering and supportive”, “The important role of colleagues”, “Internal beliefs can both help and hinder”, “Knowledge gaps that need to be filled”, “Growing into one's profession”), and five categories related to evidence and its implementation (“Difficulty in knowing what to implement”, “Employer expectations are crucial”, “The influence of colleagues on the moldable physiotherapist”, “Basic knowledge and mindset for evidence-based practice from education”, “The impact of personal characteristics and experiences on evidence-based practice”). Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of workplace, personal, and educational factors from different perspectives, both facilitating and challenging. The factors were linked to time, colleagues, workplace expectations, personal experiences and traits.

Published
2023

16. Mimetic K-essence

Author

Jiroušek, Pavel, Shimada, Keigo, Vikman, Alexander, and Yamaguchi, Masahide

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We propose a new non-trivial way to combine mimetic dark matter with the mimetic formulation of unimodular gravity. This yields a Weyl-invariant higher-derivative scalar-vector-tensor theory. We demonstrate that on-shell its behavior mimics GR with an additional k-essence scalar. The overall scale of the k-essence arises as an integration constant -- a global degree of freedom. Interestingly, we find that the resulting fluid cannot make transition through ultra-relativistic equation of state. We develop a method to find a mimetic theory corresponding to any eligible k-essence and identify, which k-essences can or cannot be reproduced this way. Finally, we show that abandoning the Weyl symmetry of the setup allows us to obtain both unimodular gravity and mimetic dark matter simultaneously, from one conformal redefinition of the metric., 16 pages + references, 1 figure, Happy New Year!

Published
2022

17. Apolipoprotein B, Residual Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Effects of Alirocumab

Author

Emil Hagström, P. Gabriel Steg, Michael Szarek, Deepak L. Bhatt, Vera A. Bittner, Nicolas Danchin, Rafael Diaz, Shaun G. Goodman, Robert A. Harrington, J. Wouter Jukema, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Nikolaus Marx, Jennifer McGinniss, Garen Manvelian, Robert Pordy, Michel Scemama, Harvey D. White, Andreas M. Zeiher, Gregory G. Schwartz, Pierluigi Tricoci, Matthew T. Roe, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Jay M. Edelberg, Corinne Hanotin, Guillaume Lecorps, Angèle Moryusef, William J. Sasiela, Jean-François Tamby, Philip E Aylward, Heinz Drexel, Peter Sinnaeve, Mirza Dilic, Renato D. Lopes, Nina N Gotcheva, Juan-Carlos Prieto, Huo Yong, Patricio López-Jaramillo, Ivan Pećin, Zeljko Reiner, Petr Ostadal, Steen Hvitfeldt Poulsen, Margus Viigimaa, Markku S Nieminen, Vakhtang Chumburidze, Pablo Carlos, Montenegro Valdovinos, Hung-Fat Tse, Robert Gabor Kiss, Denis Xavier, Doron Zahger, Marco Valgimigli, Takeshi Kimura, Hyo Soo Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Andrejs Erglis, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Sasko Kedev, Khalid Yusoff, Gabriel Arturo Ramos López, Marco Alings, Sigrun Halvorsen, Roger M Correa Flores, Rody G. Sy, Andrzej Budaj, Joao Morais, Maria Dorobantu, Yuri Karpov, Arsen D. Ristic, Terrance Chua, Jan Murin, Zlatko Fras, Anthony J Dalby, José Tuñón, H. Asita de Silva, Ulf Landmesser, Christian Müller, Chern-En Chiang, Piyamitr Sritara, Sema Guneri, Alexander Parkhomenko, Kausik K. Ray, Patrick M. Moriarty, Robert Vogel, Bernard Chaitman, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Anders G. Olsson, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Maarten L. Simoons, Karen Alexander, Chiara Meloni, Robert Rosenson, Eric J.G. Sijbrands, John H. Alexander, Luciana Armaganijan, Akshay Bagai, Maria Cecilia Bahit, J. Matthew Brennan, Shaun Clifton, Adam D. DeVore, Shalonda Deloatch, Sheila Dickey, Keith Dombrowski, Grégory Ducrocq, Zubin Eapen, Patricia Endsley, Arleen Eppinger, Robert W. Harrison, Connie Ng Hess, Mark A. Hlatky, Joseph Dedrick Jordan, Joshua W. Knowles, Bradley J. Kolls, David F. Kong, Sergio Leonardi, Linda Lillis, David J. Maron, Jill Marcus, Robin Mathews, Rajendra H. Mehta, Robert J. Mentz, Humberto Graner Moreira, Chetan B. Patel, Sabrina Bernardez Pereira, Lynn Perkins, Thomas J. Povsic, Etienne Puymirat, William Schuyler Jones, Bimal R. Shah, Matthew W. Sherwood, Kenya Stringfellow, Darin Sujjavanich, Mustafa Toma, Charlene Trotter, Sean F.P. van Diepen, Matthew D. Wilson, Andrew Tze-Kay Yan, Lilia B Schiavi, Marcelo Garrido, Andrés F Alvarisqueta, Sonia A Sassone, Anselmo P Bordonava, Alberto E Alves De Lima, Jorge M Schmidberg, Ernesto A Duronto, Orlando C Caruso, Leonardo P Novaretto, Miguel Angel Hominal, Oscar R Montaña, Alberto Caccavo, Oscar A Gomez Vilamajo, Alberto J Lorenzatti, Luis R Cartasegna, Gustavo A Paterlini, Ignacio J Mackinnon, Guillermo D Caime, Marcos Amuchastegui, Oscar Salomone, Oscar R Codutti, Horacio O Jure, Julio OE Bono, Adrian D Hrabar, Julio A Vallejos, Rodolfo A Ahuad Guerrero, Federico Novoa, Cristian A Patocchi, Cesar J Zaidman, Maria E Giuliano, Ricardo D Dran, Marisa L Vico, Gabriela S Carnero, Pablo N Guzman, Juan C Medrano Allende, Daniela F Garcia Brasca, Miguel H Bustamante Labarta, Sebastian Nani, Eduardo DS Blumberg, Hugo R Colombo, Alberto Liberman, Victorino Fuentealba, Hector L Luciardi, Gabriel D Waisman, Mario A Berli, Ruben O Garcia Duran, Horacio G Cestari, Hugo A Luquez, Jorge A Giordano, Silvia S Saavedra, Gerardo Zapata, Osvaldo Costamagna, Susana Llois, Jonathon H Waites, Nicholas Collins, Allan Soward, Chris LS Hii, James Shaw, Margaret A Arstall, John Horowitz, Daniel Ninio, James F Rogers, David Colquhoun, Romulo E Oqueli Flores, Philip Roberts-Thomson, Owen Raffel, Sam J Lehman, Constantine Aroney, Steven GM Coverdale, Paul J Garrahy, Gregory Starmer, Mark Sader, Patrick A Carroll, Ronald Dick, Robert Zweiker, Uta Hoppe, Kurt Huber, Rudolf Berger, Georg Delle-Karth, Bernhard Frey, Franz Weidinger, Dirk Faes, Kurt Hermans, Bruno Pirenne, Attilio Leone, Etienne Hoffer, Mathias CM Vrolix, Luc De Wolf, Bart Wollaert, Marc Castadot, Karl Dujardin, Christophe Beauloye, Geert Vervoort, Harry Striekwold, Carl Convens, John Roosen, Emanuele Barbato, Marc Claeys, Frank Cools, Ibrahim Terzic, Fahir Barakovic, Zlatko Midzic, Belma Pojskic, Emir Fazlibegovic, Azra Durak-Nalbantic, Mehmed Kulić, Dusko Vulic, Adis Muslibegovic, Boris Goronja, Gilmar Reis, Luciano Sousa, Jose C Nicolau, Flavio E Giorgeto, Ricardo P Silva, Lilia Nigro Maia, Rafael Rech, Paulo RF Rossi, Maria José AG Cerqueira, Norberto Duda, Renato Kalil, Adrian Kormann, José Antonio M Abrantes, Pedro Pimentel Filho, Ana Priscila Soggia, Mayler ON de Santos, Fernando Neuenschwander, Luiz C Bodanese, Yorghos L Michalaros, Freddy G Eliaschewitz, Maria H Vidotti, Paulo E Leaes, Roberto V Botelho, Sergio Kaiser, Euler Roberto F Fernandes Manenti, Dalton B Precoma, Jose C Moura Jorge, Pedro Silva, Jose A Silveira, Wladmir Saporito, Jose A Marin Neto, Gilson S Feitosa, Luiz Eduardo F Ritt, Juliana A de Souza, Fernando Costa, Weimar KSB Souza, Helder JL Reis, Leandro Machado, José Carlos Aidar Ayoub, Georgi V Todorov, Fedya P Nikolov, Elena S Velcheva, Maria L Tzekova, Haralambi O Benov, Stanislav L Petranov, Haralin S Tumbev, Nina S Shehova-Yankova, Dimitar T Markov, Dimitar H Raev, Mihail N Mollov, Kostadin N Kichukov, Katya A Ilieva- Pandeva, Raya Ivanova, Maryana Gospodinov, Valentina M Mincheva, Petar V Lazov, Bojidar I Dimov, Manohara Senaratne, James Stone, Jan Kornder, Stephen Pearce, Danielle Dion, Daniel Savard, Yves Pesant, Amritanshu Pandey, Simon Robinson, Gilbert Gosselin, Saul Vizel, Gordon Hoag, Ronald Bourgeois, Anne Morisset, Eric Sabbah, Bruce Sussex, Simon Kouz, Paul MacDonald, Ariel Diaz, Nicolas Michaud, David Fell, Raymond Leung, Tycho Vuurmans, Christopher Lai, Frank Nigro, Richard Davies, Gustavo Nogareda, Ram Vijayaraghavan, John Ducas, Serge Lepage, Shamir Mehta, James Cha, Robert Dupuis, Peter Fong, Sohrab Lutchmedial, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Hussein Fadlallah, David Cleveland, Thao Huynh, Iqbal Bata, Adnan Hameed, Cristian Pincetti, Sergio Potthoff, Juan C Prieto, Monica Acevedo, Arnoldo Aguirre, Margarita Vejar, Mario Yañez, Guillermo Araneda, Mauricio Fernandez, Luis Perez, Paola Varleta, Fernando Florenzano, Laura Huidobro, Carlos A Raffo, Claudia Olivares, Leonardo Nahuelpan, Humberto Montecinos, Jiyan Chen, Yugang Dong, Weijian Huang, Jianzhong Wang, Shi’An Huang, Zhuhua Yao, Xiang Li, Lan Cui, Wenhua Lin, Yuemin Sun, Jingfeng Wang, Jianping Li, Xuelian Zhang, Hong Zhu, Dandan Chen, Lan Huang, Shaohong Dong, Guohai Su, Biao Xu, Xi Su, Xiaoshu Cheng, Jinxiu Lin, Wenxia Zong, Huanming Li, Yi Feng, Dingli Xu, Xinchun Yang, Yuannan Ke, Xuefeng Lin, Zheng Zhang, Zeqi Zheng, Zhurong Luo, Yundai Chen, Chunhua Ding, Yi Zhong, Yang Zheng, Xiaodong Li, Daoquan Peng, Shuiping Zhao, Ying Li, Xuebo Liu, Meng Wei, Shaowen Liu, Yihua Yu, Baiming Qu, Weihong Jiang, Yujie Zhou, Xingsheng Zhao, Zuyi Yuan, Ying Guo, Xiping Xu, Xubo Shi, Junbo Ge, Guosheng Fu, Feng Bai, Weiyi Fang, Xiling Shou, Xiangjun Yang, Jian’An Wang, Meixiang Xiang, Yingxian Sun, Qinghua Lu, Ruiyan Zhang, Jianhua Zhu, Yizhou Xu, Zhongcai Fan, Tianchang Li, Chun Wu, Nicolas Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo, Diana C Luna Botia, Rodrigo Botero Lopez, Dora I Molina De Salazar, Alberto J Cadena Bonfanti, Carlos Cotes Aroca, Juan Diego Higuera, Marco Blanquicett, Sandra I Barrera Silva, Henry J Garcia Lozada, Julian A Coronel Arroyo, Jose L Accini Mendoza, Ricardo L Fernandez Ruiz, Alvaro M. 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McClanahan, Roe, Matthew T., Blicharski, Tomasz, Bystryk, Leszek, Szpajer, Michal, Korol, Marek, Czerski, Tomasz, Gniot, Jacek, Lubinski, Andrzej, Gorny, Jerzy, Franek, Edward, Raczak, Grzegorz, Vogel, Robert, Szwed, Hanna, Monteiro, Pedro, Mesquita Bastos, Jose, Pereira, Helder H., Morais, Joao, Seixo, Filipe, Mendonça, Carlos, Botelho, Ana, Caetano, Francisca, Minescu, Bogdan, Chaitman, Bernard, Istratoaie, Octavian, Tesloianu, Dan N., Dorobantu, Maria, Cristian, Gabriel, Dumitrescu, Silviu, Podoleanu, Cristian Gc, Constantinescu, Mircea Ca, Bengus, Cristina M., Militaru, Constantin, Rosu, Doina, Kelsey, Sheryl F., Parepa, Irinel R., Matei, Adrian V., Alexandru, Tom M., Malis, Mihaela, Coman, Ioan, Shvarts, Yury, Orlikova, Olga, Kobalava, Zhanna, Barbarash, Olga L., Markov, Valentin, Olsson, Anders G., Lyamina, Nadezhda, Gordienko, Alexander, Zrazhevsky, Konstantin, Vishnevsky, Alexander Y., Gurevich, Victor, Stryuk, Raisa, Lomakin, Nikita V., Bokarev, Igor, Khlevchuk, Tatiana, Shalaev, Sergey, Rouleau, Jean-Lucien, Khaisheva, Larisa, Chizhov, Petr, Viktorova, Inna, Osokina, Natalya, Shchekotov, Vladimir, Akatova, Evgenia, Chumakova, Galina, Libov, Igor, Voevoda, Mikhail I., Tretyakova, Tatyana V., Simoons, Maarten L., Baranov, Evgeny, Shustov, Sergey, Yakushin, Sergey, Gordeev, Ivan, Khasanov, Niiaz, Reshetko, Olga, Sotnikova, Tatiana, Molchanova, Olga, Nikolaev, Konstantin, Gapon, Liudmila, Alexander, Karen, Baranova, Elena, Kosmachova, Elena, Karpov, Yuriy, Karpov, Yuri, Povzun, Anton, Egorova, Liudmila, Tyrenko, Vadim V., Ivanov, Igor G., Ilya, Masterov, Kanorsky, Sergey, Meloni, Chiara, Simic, Dragan, Ivanovic, Nikola, Davidovic, Goran, Tasic, Nebojsa, Asanin, Milika R., Stojic, Stevo, Apostolovic, Svetlana R., Ilic, Stevan, Tosic, Biljana Putnikovic, Stankovic, Aleksandar, Rosenson, Robert, Arandjelovic, Aleksandra, Radovanovic, Slavica, Todic, Branislava, Ristic, Arsen D., Balinovac, Jovan, Dincic, Dragan V., Seferovic, Petar, Karadzic, Ana, Dodic, Slobodan, Dimkovic, Sinisa, Sijbrands, Eric J. G., Jakimov, Tamara, Poh, Kian-Keong, Yee Ong, Hean, Tang I-Shing, Justin, Micko, Karol, Nociar, Jan, Pella, Daniel, Fulop, Peter, Hranai, Marian, Palka, Juraj, Tricoci, Pierluigi, Mazur, Juraj, Majercák, Ivan, Dzupina, Andrej, Fazekas, František, Gonsorcik, Jozef, Bugan, Viliam, Murin, Jan, Selecky, Juraj, Kamensky, Gabriel, Strbova, Jaroslava, Alexander, John H., Smik, Rudolf, Dukat, Andrej, Olexa, Peter, Žuran, Ivan, Poklukar, Janez, Šuligoj, Nataša Černič, Cevc, Matija, Fras, Zlatko, Cyster, Henry P., Ranjith, Naresh, Armaganijan, Luciana, Corbett, Clive, Bayat, Junaid, Makoali Makotoko, Ellen, du Toit Theron, Hendrik, Kapp, Ilse E., de V Basson, Matthys M., Lottering, Hanlie, Van Aswegen, Dina, Van Zyl, Louis J., Sebastian, Peter J., Bagai, Akshay, Pillay, Thayabran, Saaiman, Jan A., Commerford, Patrick J., Cassimjee, Soraya, Riaz, Garda, Ebrahim, Iftikhar O., Sarvan, Mahomed, Mynhardt, Joseph H., Dalby, Anthony J., Reuter, Helmuth, Bahit, Maria Cecilia, Moodley, Rajendran, Vida, Manuel, Fillat, Angel R. Cequier, Peris, Vicente Bodí, Jimenez, Francisco Fuentes, Marín, Francisco, Cruz Fernández, Jose M., Hidalgo Urbano, Rafael Jesus, Gil-Extremera, Blas, Toledo, Pablo, Brennan, J. Matthew, Worner Diz, Fernando, Garcia-Dorado, David, Iñiguez, Andres, Gonzalez-Juanatey, Jose R., Portales, Javier Fernandez, Murillo, Fernando Civeira, Pericas, Laia Matas, Zamorano, Jose Luis, De Mora Martin, Manuel, Cortada, Jordi Bruguera, Clifton, Shaun, Alonso Martin, Joaquin J., Serrano Antolin, Jose Maria, De Berrazueta Fernández, José R., Vázquez de Prada, José Antonio, Díaz Fernández, Jose Francisco, García Lledó, José Alberto, Cosín Sales, Juan, Rodriguez, Javier Botas, Tragant, Gabriel Gusi, Benedicto, Amparo, DeVore, Adam D., Gonzalez-Juanatey, Carlos, Camprubí Potau, Mercedes, Perez, Ignacio Plaza, De La Tassa, César Morís, Rincon, Pablo Loma-Osorio, Recena, Javier Balaguer, Escudier, Juan M., Payeras, Antonio Coca, Orcajo, Norberto Alonso, Constantine, Godwin, Deloatch, Shalonda, Haniffa, Ruvaiz, Tissera, Nirmali, Amarasekera, Stanley, Ponnamperuma, Chandrike, Fernando, Nimali, Fernando, Kaputella, Jayawardena, Jayanthimala, Wijeyasingam, Santharaj, Ranasinghe, Gotabhaya, Ekanayaka, Ruvan, Dickey, Sheila, Mendis, Sepalika, Senaratne, Vajira, Mayurathan, Gnanamoorthy, Rajapaksha, Ajantha, Sirisena, Thilak, Herath, Jagath I., Amarasena, Naomali, Berglund, Stefan, Rasmanis, Gundars, Hagström, Emil, Dombrowski, Keith, Vedin, Ola, Witt, Nils, Mourtzinis, Georgios, Nicol, Peter, Hansen, Ole, Romeo, Stefano, Jensen, Steen Agergaard, Torstensson, Ingemar, Ahremark, Ulf, Sundelin, Torbjörn, Ducrocq, Grégory, Moccetti, Tiziano, Müller, Christian, Mach, Francois, Binde, Ronald, Landmesser, Ulf, Gämperli, Oliver, Chiang, Chern-En, Tsai, Wei-Chuan, Ueng, Kwo-Chang, Lai, Wen-Ter, Eapen, Zubin, Liu, Ming-En, Hwang, Juey-Jen, Yin, Wei-Hsian, Hsieh, I.-Chang, Hsieh, Ming-Jer, Hsiang Lin, Wei, Kuo, Jen-Yuan, Huang, Tsuei-Yuan, Fang, Chih-Yuan, Kaewsuwanna, Pinij, Endsley, Patricia, Soonfuang, Wasant, Jintapakorn, Woravut, Sukonthasarn, Apichard, Sritara, Piyamitr, Wongpraparut, Nattawut, Sastravaha, Krisada, Sansanayudh, Nakarin, Kehasukcharoen, Wirash, Piyayotai, Dilok, Chotnoparatpat, Paiboon, Eppinger, Arleen, Camsari, Ahmet, Kultursay, Hakan, Guneri, Sema, Mutlu, Bulent, Ersanli, Murat, Demirtas, Mustafa, Kirma, Cevat, Ural, Ertan, Koldas, Lale, Karpenko, Oleksandr, Harrison, Robert W., Prokhorov, Alexander, Vakaluyk, Ihor, Myshanych, Halyna, Reshotko, Dmytro, Batushkin, Valeriy, Rudenko, Leonid, Kovalskyi, Ihor, Kushnir, Mykola, Tseluyko, Vira, Mostovoy, Yuriy, Hess, Connie Ng, Stanislavchuk, Mykola, Kyiak, Yulian, Karpenko, Yuriy, Malynovsky, Yaroslav, Klantsa, Andriy, Kutniy, Oles, Amosova, Ekaterina, Tashchuk, Viktor, Leshchuk, Oleh, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Hlatky, Mark A., Rishko, Mykola, Kopytsya, Mykola, Yagensky, Andriy, Vatutin, Mykola, Bagriy, Andriy, Barna, Olga M., Ushakov, Olexiy, Dzyak, Georgiy, Goloborodko, Borys, Rudenko, Anatolii, Jordan, Joseph Dedrick, Zheleznyy, Volodymyr, Trevelyan, Jasper, Zaman, Azfar, Lee, Kaeng, Moriarty, Andrew, Aggarwal, Rajesh K., Clifford, Piers, Wong, Yuk-ki, Iqbal, Syed Mr, Subkovas, Eduardas, Knowles, Joshua W., Braganza, Denise, Sarkar, David, Storey, Robert, Griffiths, Huw, Mcclure, Sam, Muthusamy, Rangasamy, Smith, Simon, Kurian, John, Levy, Terry, Barr, Craig, Kolls, Bradley J., Kadr, Honer, Gerber, Robert, Simaitis, Audrius, Soran, Handrean, Brodison, Adrian, Ayaz, Mohammad, Cheema, Muhammad, Oliver, Richard, Thackray, Simon, Mudawi, Telal, Kong, David F., Rahma, Gohar, Sultan, Ayyaz, Reynolds, Timothy, Sharman, David, Spriging, David, Butler, Rob, Wilkinson, Peter, Lip, Gregory Yh, Ossei-Gerning, Nicholas, Vardi, Gil, Leonardi, Sergio, Baldari, Duccio, Brabham, David, Treasure Ii, Charles, Dahl, Charles, Palmer, Bruce, Wiseman, Alan, Khan, Abul, Puri, Sanjeev, Mohart, Ann Elizabeth, Ince, Carlos, Lillis, Linda, Flores, Enrique, Wright, Scott, Cheng, Shi-Chi, Rosenberg, Michael, Rogers, William, Kosinski, Edward, Forgosh, Les, Waltman, Jonathan, Shoukfeh, Mohammad, Dagher, Georges, Lopes, Renato D., Cambier, Patrick, Lieber, Ira, Kumar, Priya, East, Cara, Krichmar, Perry, Hasan, Mian, White, Lindsey, Knickelbine, Thomas, Haldis, Thomas, Gillespie, Eve, Maron, David J., Amidon, Thomas, Suh, David, Arif, Imran, Abdallah, Mouhamad, Akhter, Faiq, Carlson, Eric, D'Urso, Michael, El-Ahdab, Fadi, Nelson, William, Moriarty, Katie, Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Harris, Barry, Cohen, Steven, Carter, Luther, Doty, Daniel, Sabatino, Kenneth, Haddad, Tariq, Rao, Sunder, Mulkay, Angel, Jovin, Ion, Klancke, Kim, Marcus, Jill, Malhotra, Vinay, Devarapalli, Sai K., Koren, Michael, Chandna, Harish, Dodds Iii, George, Goraya, Tauqir, Bengston, James, Janik, Matthew, Moran, Joseph, Sumner, Andrew, Mathews, Robin, Kobayashi, John, Davis, William, Yazdani, Shahram, Pasquini, John, Thakkar, Maitreya, Vedere, Amarnath, Leimbach, Wayne, Rider, James, Fenton, Sarah, Singh, Narendra, Mehta, Rajendra H., Shah, Anil V., Moriarty, Patrick M., Janosik, Denise, Pepine, Carl, Berman, Brett, Gelormini, Joseph, Daniels, Christopher, Richard, Kerensky, Keating, Friederike, Kondo, Nicholas I., Mentz, Robert J., Shetty, Sanjay, Levite, Howard, Waider, Winfried, Takata, Theodore, Abu-Fadel, Mazen, Shah, Vipul, Aggarwal, Rahul, Kumar, Anil, Hattler, Brack, Do, Rose, Moreira, Humberto Graner, Link, Chad, Bortnick, Anna, Kinzfogl Iii, George, Ghitis, Arnold, Larry, John, Teufel, Edward, Kuhlman, Peter, Mclaurin, Brent, Zhang, Wenwu, Thew, Stephen, Patel, Chetan B., Abbas, Jalal, White, Matthew, Islam, Othman, Subherwal, Sumeet, Ranadive, Nandkishore, Vakili, Babak, Gring, Christian, Henderson, David, Schuchard, Timothy, Farhat, Naim, Pereira, Sabrina Bernardez, Kline, Geoffrey, Mahal, Sharan, Whitaker, Jack, Speirs, Shawn, Andersen, Rolf, Daboul, Nizar, Horwitz, Phillip, Zahr, Firas, Ponce, George, Jafar, Zubair, Perkins, Lynn, Mcgarvey, Joseph, Panchal, Vipul, Voyce, Stephen, Blok, Thomas, Sheldon, William, Azizad, Masoud M., Schmalfuss, Carsten, Picone, Mark, Pederson, Robert, Herzog, William, Povsic, Thomas J., Friedman, Keith, Lindsey, Jason, Timothy, Eichenlaub, Leonard, Parilak, Lepor, Norman, El Shahawy, Mahfouz, Weintraub, Howard, Irimpen, Anand, Alonso, Alvaro, May, Wade, Puymirat, Etienne, Christopher, Daniels, Galski, Thomas, Chu, Alan, Mody, Freny, Ramin, Ebrahimi, Hodes, Zachary, Rossi, Joseph, Rose, Gregory, Fairlamb, James, Lambert, Charles, Raisinghani, Ajit, Abbate, Antonio, Vetrovec, George, King, Marilyn, Carey, Charles, Gerber, Jaime, Younis, Liwa, Park, Hyeun Tom, Vidovich, Mladen, Knutson, Thomas, Jones, William Schuyler, Friedman, Dennis, Chaleff, Fred, Loussararian, Arthur, Rozeman, Phillip, Kimmelstiel, Carey, Kuvin, Jeffrey, Silver, Kevin, Foster, Malcolm, Tonnessen, Glen, Espinoza, Andrey, Shah, Bimal R., Amlani, Mohamadali, Wali, Andreas, Malozzi, Christopher, Jong, Geert T., Massey, Clara, Wattanakit, Keattiyoat, O'Donnell, Philip J., Singal, Dinesh, Jaffrani, Naseem, Banuru, Sridhar, Sherwood, Matthew W., Fisher, Daniel, Xenakis, Mark, Perlmutter, Neal, Bhagwat, Ravi, Strader, James, Blonder, Ronald, Akyea-Djamson, Ayim, Labroo, Ajay, Lee, Kwan, Marais, H. John, Stringfellow, Kenya, Claxton, Edmund, Weiss, Robert, Kathryn, Rohr, Berk, Martin, Rossi, Peter, Joshi, Parag, Khera, Amit, Khaira, Ajit S., Kumkumian, Greg, Lupovitch, Steven, Sujjavanich, Darin, Purow, Joshua, Welka, Stephen, Hoffman, David, Fischer, Stuart, Soroka, Eugene, Eagerton, Donald, Pancholy, Samir, Ray, Michael, Erenrich, Norman, Farrar, Michael, Toma, Mustafa, Pollock, Stewart, French, William J., Diamantis, Steve, Guy, Douglas, Gimple, Lawrence, Neustel, Mark, Schwartz, Steven, Pereira, Edward, Albert, Seals, Spriggs, Douglas, Trotter, Charlene, Strain, Janet, Mittal, Suneet, Vo, Anthony, Chane, Majed, Hall, Jason, Vijay, Nampalli, Lotun, Kapildeo, Lester, F. Martin, Nahhas, Ahed, Pope, Theodore, van Diepen, Sean F. P., Nager, Paul, Vohra, Rakesh, Sharma, Mukesh, Bashir, Riyaz, Ahmed, Hinan, Berlowitz, Michael, Fishberg, Robert, Barrucco, Robert, Yang, Eric, Radin, Michael, Wilson, Matthew D., Sporn, Daniel, Stapleton, Dwight, Eisenberg, Steven, Landzberg, Joel, Mcgough, Martin, Turk, Samir, Schwartz, Michael, Sundram, P. Sandy, Jain, Diwakar, Zainea, Mark, Tze-Kay Yan, Andrew, Bayron, Carlos, Karlsberg, Ronald, Dohad, Suhail, Lui, Henry, Keen, William, Westerhausen, Donald, Khurana, Sandeep, Agarwal, Himanshu, Birchem, Jessica, Penny, William, Schiavi, Lilia B., Chang, Mark, Murphy, Sherrill, Henry, John, Schifferdecker, Branislav, Gilbert, John M., Chalavarya, Gopal, Eaton, Charles, Schmedtje, John F., Christenson, Stuart, Dotani, Imran, Garrido, Marcelo, Denham, Douglas, Macdonell, Alexander, Gibson, Paul, Rahman, Aref, Al Joundi, Tammam, Assi, Nizar, Conrad, Gary, Kotha, Purushotham, Love, Michael, Giesler, Gregory, Alvarisqueta, Andrés F., Rubenstein, Howard, Gamil, Dawood, Akright, Laura, Krawczyk, Justine, Cobler, Joanne, Wells, Terry, Welker, James, Foster, Robert, Gilmore, Richard, Anderson, Jay, Sassone, Sonia A., Jacoby, Douglas, Harris, Bill, Gardner, Geraldine, Dandillaya, Ramprasad, Vora, Kishor, Kostis, John, Hunter, John, Laxson, David, Ball, Eric, Bordonava, Anselmo P., Egydio, Flavia, Kawakami, Anelise, Oliveira, Janaina, Goodman, Shaun G., Wozniak, Julianna, Alves De Lima, Alberto E., Matthews, Alexander, Ratky, Caroline, Valiris, Janine, Berdan, Lisa, Hepditch, Anita, Quintero, Kirby, Rorick, Tyrus, Westbrook, Melissa, Danchin, Nicolas, Schmidberg, Jorge M., Bezault, Madeleine, Drouet, Elodie, Simon, Tabassome, White, Harvey D., Alsweiler, Caroline, Sinnaeve, Peter, Luyten, Anne, Aylward, Philip E., Butters, Julie, Griffith, Liddy, Duronto, Ernesto A., Shaw, Michelle, Grunberg, Lena, Szarek, Michael, Islam, Shahidul, Brégeault, Marie-France, Bougon, Nathalie, Faustino, Douglas, Fontecave, Sylvie, Murphy, Judith, Caruso, Orlando C., Tamby, Jean-Francois, Verrier, Melanie, Agnetti, Veronique, Andersen, Dorthe, Badreddine, Emmy, Bekkouche, Mhamed, Bouancheau, Cecile, Brigui, Imane, Brocklehurst, Maddy, Cianciarulo, Joseph, Novaretto, Leonardo P., Devaul, Dawn, Domokos, Szilvia, Gache, Cecile, Gobillot, Caroline, Guillou, Severine, Healy, Jan, Heath, Megan, Jaiwal, Gayatri, Javierre, Carine, Labeirie, Julien, Hominal, Miguel Angel, Monier, Myriam, Morales, Ulises, Mrabti, Asmaa, Mthombeni, Bicky, Okan, Betim, Smith, Lucile, Sheller, Jennifer, Sopena, Sebastien, Pellan, Valerie, Benbernou, Fadela, Montaña, Oscar R., Bengrait, Nafissa, Lamoureux, Maud, Kralova, Katarina, Scemama, Michel, Bejuit, Raphael, Coulange, Anthony, Berthou, Christelle, Repincay, Jérôme, Lorenzato, Christelle, Etienne, Alexis, Caccavo, Alberto, Gouet, Valerie, Lecorps, Guillaume, Loizeau, Virginie, Normand, Mickael, Ourliac, Anne, Rondel, Christelle, Adamo, Antony, Beltran, Pascale, Barraud, Pauline, Dubois-Gache, Helene, Gomez Vilamajo, Oscar A., Halle, Benjamin, Metwally, Lamia, Mourgues, Maxime, Sotty, Marc, Vincendet, Marion, Cotruta, Raluca, Chengyue, Zhu, Fournie-Lloret, Dominique, Morrello, Christine, Perthuis, Aurelie, Lorenzatti, Alberto J., Picault, Patrick, Zobouyan, Isabelle, Colhoun, Helen M., Dempsey, Michael A., McClanahan, Mark A., Cartasegna, Luis R., Paterlini, Gustavo A., Mackinnon, Ignacio J., Caime, Guillermo D., Amuchastegui, Marcos, Salomone, Oscar, Codutti, Oscar R., Jure, Horacio O., Bono, Julio Oe, Hrabar, Adrian D., Vallejos, Julio A., Ahuad Guerrero, Rodolfo A., Novoa, Federico, Patocchi, Cristian A., Zaidman, Cesar J., Giuliano, Maria E., Schwartz, Gregory G., Dran, Ricardo D., Vico, Marisa L., Carnero, Gabriela S., Guzman, Pablo N., Medrano Allende, Juan C., Garcia Brasca, Daniela F., Bustamante Labarta, Miguel H., Nani, Sebastian, Blumberg, Eduardo Ds, Colombo, Hugo R., Bhatt, Deepak L., Liberman, Alberto, Fuentealba, Victorino, Luciardi, Hector L., Waisman, Gabriel D., Berli, Mario A., Garcia Duran, Ruben O., Cestari, Horacio G., Luquez, Hugo A., Giordano, Jorge A., Saavedra, Silvia S., Bittner, Vera A., Zapata, Gerardo, Costamagna, Osvaldo, Llois, Susana, Waites, Jonathon H., Collins, Nicholas, Soward, Allan, Hii, Chris Ls, Shaw, James, Diaz, Rafael, Arstall, Margaret A., Horowitz, John, Ninio, Daniel, Rogers, James F., Colquhoun, David, Oqueli Flores, Romulo E., Roberts-Thomson, Philip, Raffel, Owen, Lehman, Sam J., Aroney, Constantine, Coverdale, Steven Gm, Garrahy, Paul J., Starmer, Gregory, Sader, Mark, Carroll, Patrick A., Dick, Ronald, Zweiker, Robert, Hoppe, Uta, Drexel, Heinz, Huber, Kurt, Harrington, Robert A., Berger, Rudolf, Delle-Karth, Georg, Frey, Bernhard, Weidinger, Franz, Faes, Dirk, Hermans, Kurt, Pirenne, Bruno, Leone, Attilio, Hoffer, Etienne, Jukema, J. 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Mackinnon, Ignacio J, Caime, Guillermo D, Codutti, Oscar R, Jure, Horacio O, Hrabar, Adrian D, Vallejos, Julio A, Ahuad Guerrero, Rodolfo A, Patocchi, Cristian A, Zaidman, Cesar J, Giuliano, Maria E, Dran, Ricardo D, Vico, Marisa L, Carnero, Gabriela S, Guzman, Pablo N, Medrano Allende, Juan C, Garcia Brasca, Daniela F, Bustamante Labarta, Miguel H, Colombo, Hugo R, Luciardi, Hector L, Waisman, Gabriel D, Berli, Mario A, Garcia Duran, Ruben O, Cestari, Horacio G, Luquez, Hugo A, Giordano, Jorge A, Saavedra, Silvia S, Waites, Jonathon H, Arstall, Margaret A, Rogers, James F, Oqueli Flores, Romulo E, Lehman, Sam J, Garrahy, Paul J, Carroll, Patrick A, Wolf, Luc De, Nicolau, Jose C, Giorgeto, Flavio E, Silva, Ricardo P, Abrantes, José Antonio M, Bodanese, Luiz C, Michalaros, Yorghos L, Eliaschewitz, Freddy G, Vidotti, Maria H, Leaes, Paulo E, Botelho, Roberto V, Manenti, Euler Roberto F Fernandes, Precoma, Dalton B, Moura Jorge, Jose C, Silveira, Jose A, Neto, Jose A Marin, Feitosa, 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Michael A, and McClanahan, Mark A

Subjects
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use, Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], prevention & control, heart disease risk factors, diagnosis [Cardiovascular Diseases], Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, PCSK9 inhibitors, acute coronary syndrome, apolipoproteins B, LDL cholesterol, Antibodies, acute coronary syndrome, LDL, drug therapy [Atherosclerosis], Risk Factors, Physiology (medical), therapeutic use [Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors], Monoclonal, Humans, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems, Humanized, Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis, Apolipoproteins B, Kardiologi, diagnosis [Acute Coronary Syndrome], Anticholesteremic Agents, PCSK9 inhibitors, apolipoproteins B, cholesterol, LDL, cholesterol, Atherosclerosis/drug therapy, Cholesterol, LDL, Atherosclerosis, Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis, drug therapy, Cholesterol, Treatment Outcome, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Disease Risk Factors, epidemiology, adverse effects [Anticholesteremic Agents], Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Circulation : an official journal of the American Heart Association / ed.-in-chief Ephraim Donosco 146(9), 657-672 (2022). doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057807, Published by Ovid, [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]

Published
2022
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18. Spoken Language Skills in Children With Bilateral Hearing Aids or Bilateral Cochlear Implants at the Age of Three Years

Author

Satu Rimmanen, Teija Tsupari, Sari Kunnari, Taina T Välimaa, Sari Mykkänen, Anna-Kaisa Tolonen, Jaakko Salonen, Krista Tuohimaa, Nonna Virokannas, Päivi Laukkanen-Nevala, Tanja Tennilä, Aarno Dietz, Sari Vikman, Heikki Löppönen, Antti Hyvärinen, Ville Sivonen, Jaakko Laitakari, Antti A. Aarnisalo, Tampere University, Department of Otology and Oral Diseases, HUS Head and Neck Center, Korva-, nenä- ja kurkkutautien klinikka, University of Helsinki, and Clinicum

Subjects
Male, Hearing aid, medicine.medical_treatment, Deafness, Audiology, Vocabulary, Hearing Aids, 0302 clinical medicine, Prospective Studies, Child, PREDICTORS, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, 10. No inequality, Children, Lexicon, 4. Education, SPEECH, COMMUNICATION OUTCOMES, IMPAIRMENT, Cochlear Implantation, Variation (linguistics), Child, Preschool, Female, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, AUDITORY DEVELOPMENT, VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULARY, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Hearing loss, Bilateral cochlear implant, Outcomes, Phonology, 2007 POSITION STATEMENT, Language Development, 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Speech and Hearing, medicine, Humans, 3125 Otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, Hearing Loss, EFFECT SIZE, Bilateral hearing aid, Odds ratio, Variety (linguistics), Comprehension, Cochlear Implants, Otorhinolaryngology, DEAF-CHILDREN, Normative, Spoken language comprehension, Spoken language
Abstract

Objectives: Early hearing aid (HA) fitting and cochlear implants (CIs) aim to reduce the effects of hearing loss (HL) on spoken language development. The goals of this study were (1) to examine spoken language skills of children with bilateral HAs and children with bilateral CIs; (2) to compare their language skills to the age-norms of peers with normal hearing (NH); and (3) to investigate factors associated with spoken language outcomes. Design: Spoken language results of 56 Finnish children with HL were obtained from a nationwide prospective multicenter study. Children with HL comprised two groups: children with mild-to-severe HL who used bilateral HAs (BiHA group, n = 28) and children with profound HL who used bilateral CIs (BiCI group, n = 28). Children's spoken language comprehension, expressive and receptive vocabulary, and phonological skills were compared with normative values of children with NH at the age of three years. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated to compare proportions of children below age-norms in BiHA and BiCI groups. Factors associated with spoken language outcomes were modeled with analysis of covariance. Results: At the age of 3 years, 50%-96% of children with HL performed 1 SD or more below the mean of the normative sample of age-peers with NH in spoken language skills, depending on the language domain. Receptive vocabulary and phonological skills were the most vulnerable language domains. In receptive vocabulary, 82% of the children in the BiHA group and 50% of the children in the BiCI group scored 1 SD or more below the normative mean. The BiHA group was 4.4 times more likely to have poorer receptive vocabulary than the BiCI group. In phonological skills, 96% of children in the BiHA group and 60% of the children in the BiCI group scored 1 SD or more below the normative mean. The BiHA group was 18.0 times more likely to have poorer phonological skills than the BiCI group. The analysis of covariance models showed that unaided pure-tone average, PTA0.5-4 kHz, had a significant effect on spoken language comprehension in the BiHA group. For the BiCI group, age at HL diagnosis and age at CI activation had a significant effect on expressive vocabulary. High maternal level of education had a significant effect on language comprehension and expressive vocabulary and female gender on phonological skills. Conclusions: At the age of 3 years, especially receptive vocabulary and phonological skills caused difficulties for children with HL showing also considerable individual variation. Children with bilateral HAs seemed to be more likely to have poorer receptive vocabulary and phonological skills than children with bilateral CIs. A variety of factors was associated with outcomes in both groups. Close monitoring of spoken language skills of children with HL is important for ensuring similar opportunities for all children with HL and timely intervention, when needed. publishedVersion

Published
2021
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19. Biodegradation of alkali-O2 oxidized lignins used as dispersants

Author

Vikman, Minna, Kalliola, Anna, and Fearon, Olesya

Subjects
oxidation, lignin, dispersant, biodegradation, oxygen
Abstract

Large quantities of lignin are produced as by-streams via chemical pulping and emerging biorefinery processes. These lignins are typically water-insoluble; however, they can be converted into a water-soluble form by chemical modifications. A novel LigniOx technology solubilizes lignin using alkali-O2 oxidation. The product can be used for bio-based dispersants. This study evaluated the biodegradability of alkali-O2 oxidized kraft, organosolv, and hydrolysis lignin. The oxidized lignins exhibited higher biodegradation in soil and in aquatic environments in comparison to a commercial kraft lignin and a commercial lignosulfonate. In soil, the biodegradabililties of oxidized lignins were 19 to 44%, whereas the reference lignins exhibited only 5 to 12% conversion to CO2. Biodegradation of the oxidized lignins and references in the aquatic environment increased in a similar order as in the soil environment, although the degradation in each sample was slightly smaller, than in the soil. The improved biodegradability of the oxidized lignins was due to the altered chemical structure of lignin. Compared to the untreated lignin, the oxidized lignin contained structures formed in aromatic ring opening reactions, making the lignin more accessible to microbial degradation. In addition, the oxidized lignin contained carbon originating from small organic compounds, which are easily biodegradable

Published
2022
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20. A művelettervezés jogi feladatai

Author

László Vikman

Subjects
Process management, Process (engineering), Computer science, Plan (drawing), Executable, computer.file_format, Military justice, computer
Abstract

A művelettervezés az egyik legösszetettebb katonai vezetői tevékenység, szerteágazó szakterületeket kell összefognia, eredményeiket pedig egy koherens, hatékony és végrehajtható tervvé formálnia. A folyamatban több ponton szükség van jogász szakértelem bevonására, bizonyos esetekben kritikus kérdésekben is. A hadijogász-szakirodalom – tekintettel a jogászok támogató szerepére – talán kicsit takarékosan bánik a tervezési munka folyamán felmerülő feladatok elemzésével. Jelen írás ezen a helyzeten kíván változtatni az egyes módszertanokban foglalt fontosabb feladatok áttekintésével, bizonyos vonatkozásokban pedig javaslatok megfogalmazásával.

Published
2021
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21. Kinship as a Trustworthy Cue: The Signalling of Religious Expertise in the Epigraphy of Ephesian Voluntary Associations

Author

Jarkko Vikman

Subjects
Trustworthiness, Voluntary association, Prestige, Kinship, Sociology, Social psychology, Epigraphy
Abstract

This article addresses the relationship between religious expertise and kinship language in the inscriptions of Ephesian voluntary associations. I argue that kinship language functioned as a well-e...

Published
2021
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22. Increased co-contraction reaction during a surface perturbation is associated with unsuccessful postural control among older adults

Author

Falk, Jimmy, Strandkvist, Viktor, Pauelsen, Mascha, Vikman, Irene, Nyberg, Lars, and Röijezon, Ulrik

Subjects
Male, Balance, Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics, Electromyography, Posture, Produktionsteknik, arbetsvetenskap och ergonomi, Ageing, Sensorimotor, Reaction Time, Humans, Stifening strategy, Female, Falls, Surface perturbation, Co-contraction index, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Muscle, Skeletal, Postural Balance, Aged
Abstract

Background As a strategy to maintain postural control, the stiffening strategy (agonist-antagonist co-contractions) is often considered dysfunctional and associated with poor physical capacity. The aim was to investigate whether increased stiffening is associated with unsuccessful postural control during an unpredictable surface perturbation, and which sensory and motor variables that explain postural stiffening. Methods A sample of 34 older adults, 75.8 ± 3.8 years, was subjected to an unpredicted surface perturbation with the postural task to keep a feet-in-place strategy. The participants also completed a thorough sensory- and motor test protocol. During the surface perturbation, electromyography was measured from tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius to further calculate a co-contraction index during the feed-forward and feedback period. A binary logistic regression was done with the nominal variable, if the participant succeeded in the postural task or not, set as dependent variable and the co-contraction indexes set as independent variables. Further, the variables from the sensory and motor testing were set as independent variables in two separate Orthogonal Projections of Latent Structures (OPLS)-models, one with the feed-forward- and the other with the feedback co-contraction index as dependent variable. Results Higher levels of ankle joint stiffening during the feedback, but not the feed-forward period was associated with postural task failure. Feedback stiffening was explained by having slow non-postural reaction times, poor leg muscle strength and being female whereas feed-forward stiffening was not explained by sensory and motor variables. Conclusions When subjected to an unpredicted surface perturbation, individuals with higher feedback stiffening had poorer postural control outcome, which was explained by poorer physical capacity. The level of feed-forward stiffening prior the perturbation was not associated with postural control outcome nor the investigated sensory and motor variables. The intricate causal relationships between physical capacity, stiffening and postural task success remains subject for future research.

Published
2022
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23. Osteoblast lineage Sod2 deficiency leads to an osteoporosis-like phenotype in mice

Author

Schoppa, Astrid M., Chen, Xiangxu, Ramge, Jan-Moritz, Vikman, Anna, Fischer, Verena, Haffner-Luntzer, Melanie, Riegger, Jana, Tuckermann, Jan Peter Gottfried, Scharffetter-Kochanek, Karin, and Ignatius, Anita

Subjects
FOXO1, ROS, Senescence, MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS, DIFFERENTIATION, MOUSE MODELS, Osteoporosis, ddc:610, OXIDATIVE STRESS, Mitochondrial dysfunction, Reactive oxygen species, REGULATOR, DDC 610 / Medicine & health, BONE-FORMATION, Skeletal aging
Abstract

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and strength associated with fragility fractures. Oxidative stress, which results from elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and arises in the aging organism, is considered one of the critical factors contributing to osteoporosis. Mitochondrial (mt)ROS, as the superoxide anion (O2−) generated during mitochondrial respiration, are eliminated in the young organism by antioxidant defense mechanisms, including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), the expression and activity of which are decreased in aging mesenchymal progenitor cells, accompanied by increased mtROS production. Using a mouse model of osteoblast lineage cells with Sod2 deficiency, we observed significant bone loss in trabecular and cortical bones accompanied by decreased osteoblast activity, increased adipocyte accumulation in the bone marrow and augmented osteoclast activity, suggestive of altered mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation and osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, osteoblast senescence was increased. To date, there are only a few studies suggesting a causal association between mtROS and cellular senescence in tissue in vivo. Targeting SOD2 to improve redox homeostasis could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for maintaining bone health during aging., publishedVersion

Published
2022

24. Transformation of inherent microorganisms in Wyoming-type bentonite and their effects on structural iron

Author

Hanna Miettinen, Malin Bomberg, René Bes, Mia Tiljander, Minna Vikman, Materials Physics, Department of Physics, and Helsinki Institute of Physics

Subjects
CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY, COMPACTED BENTONITE, Bentonite structural iron, COPPER, Geology, CORROSION, 114 Physical sciences, SMECTITE, BACTERIUM, Geochemistry and Petrology, Iron reduction, WATER, Sulfate reduction, SP-NOV, Microbiome, CLAY, MICROBIAL REDUCTION
Abstract

Bentonite is one of the materials used to construct engineered barriers in high-level radioactive nuclear waste geological disposal with its many advantageous features such as low hydraulic conductivity, self-sealing ability, durability, adsorption and immobilization of metals and radionuclides and reduction of microbial activity. Many of these properties are linked with the bentonite swelling capability. Transformations of indigenous microorganism communities from Wyoming-type bentonite and the Finnish repository site groundwater and their effects on the bentonite structural iron over five years were studied in repository relevant anoxic and oxic slurry conditions. Active sulfate reduction (0.06 nmol mL−1 day−1) was detected in the anoxic microcosm waters after a year, however after two years sulfate reduction was not active anymore. Microbial numbers determined by quantitative PCR in the bentonite slurry of both experiment types supported the finding of decrease of overall microbial activity after a year of incubation that was not maintained anymore by the dissolving organic carbon from the bentonite. Regular electron donor additions (final concentration of 2 mM for formate and acetate each, three times per year) activated the microbiome resulting in increasing numbers of bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies and sulfate reducers (dsrB gene copies) as well as detection of sulfide in the water phase of both experiment types. After 4.9 years the structural iron in the fine portion of the montmorillonite had become completely reduced in all microbial microcosms and minor smectite illitization was detected especially in anoxic microcosms. Dominating bacterial groups at the end of the experiment were mainly known sulfur/sulfate and iron reducers. Archaea and fungi constituted a minor part of the microbiomes. In originally oxic microcosms, the bacterial 16S RNA and dsrB gene copy numbers were lower than in the anoxic experiment but started to significantly increase after the electron donor additions. Microorganisms originating from the repository environment could reduce the bentonite structural iron in a few years to an extent likely to affect the bentonite swelling ability if sufficient amounts of suitable electron donors are available in localized areas where bentonite is not at high density and pressure in the geological disposal.

Published
2022
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25. Potential of Commercial Wood-Based Materials as PCB Substrate

Author

Kirsi Immonen, Johanna Lyytikäinen, Janne Keränen, Kim Eiroma, Mika Suhonen, Minna Vikman, Ville Leminen, Marja Välimäki, and Liisa Hakola

Subjects
fire retardant, printed circuit board, screen printing, General Materials Science, veneer, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, biodegradation, cellulose
Abstract

In our research on sustainable solutions for printed electronics, we are moving towards renewable materials in applications, which can be very challenging from the performance perspective, such as printed circuit boards (PCB). In this article, we examine the potential suitability of wood-based materials, such as cardboard and veneer, as substrate materials for biodegradable solutions instead of the commonly used glass-fiber reinforced epoxy. Our substrate materials were coated with fire retardant materials for improved fire resistance and screen printed with conductive silver ink. The print quality, electrical conductivity, fire performance and biodegradation were evaluated. It was concluded that if the PCB application allows manufacturing using screen printing instead of an etching process, there is the potential for these materials to act as substrates in, e.g., environmental analytics applications.

Published
2022
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27. Enzymatic Degradation and Pilot-Scale Composting of Cellulose-Based Films with Different Chemical Structures

Author

Ali Harlin, Minna Vikman, Ilona Leppänen, and Hannes Orelma

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Cellophane, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Cellulose acetate, 0104 chemical sciences, Nanocellulose, law.invention, Carboxymethyl cellulose, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, law, Wet strength, Methyl cellulose, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Hemicellulose, Cellulose, 0210 nano-technology, medicine.drug
Abstract

In this study, we investigated the enzymatical degradability and pilot-scale composting of 14 cellulose-based materials. The materials analyzed here were cellulose regenerated from ionic liquid (EMIM[OAc]), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) crosslinked by aluminum salt (Al-salt), methyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, butylated hemicellulose: DS: 1, DS: 0.4, and DS: 0.2, cellophane, wet strength paper, nanocellulose, paper partially dissolved by IL, cellulose carbamate, cellulose palmitate, and cellulose octanoate. The aim of the study was to show how chemical substituting and the substituent itself influence the biodegradability of cellulose materials. The enzymatic degradation and pilot-scale composting of these films shows the correlation between the hydrolysis rate and degree of substitution. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-based films decreased exponentially as the degree of substitution increased. Modifying cellulose to the extent that it gains the strength needed to obtain good mechanical properties, while retaining its natural biodegradability is an important factor when preparing alternatives for plastic films.Graphic Abstract

Published
2020
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28. The influence of chemical conditions on gas generation in the disposal of low level maintenance waste (KaMu)

Author

Vikman, Minna and Sohlberg, Elina

Subjects
gas generation, low level radioactive waste, methanogen, biodegradation, sulphate
Abstract

In Finland, low-level maintenance waste (LLW) originated in nuclear power plants is disposed of in the repositories situated ca.100 meters below the sea-level. A large-scale in situ Gas Generation Experiment (GGE) was established in 1997 in Olkiluoto, Finland, to simulate the gas generation from LLW under geological repository conditions. The gas generation started already during the first year of the GGE as a result of microbial degradation of waste and steel corrosion. The experiment is operated by Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO) and it has been regularly analysed for chemistry, gas generation and composition of gas. VTT has been responsible for microbiological analyses of the GGE.The aim of KaMu project was to induced disturbances to the GGE and study the influences on gas generation, gas composition, chemical parameters, and microbiology. The disturbances were induced by adding sulphate and raising the pH. The addition of sulphate simulates sulphate-rich flow of groundwater to the repository and higher pH value the influence of concrete in the repository. The results obtained in this project can be used for safety assessments and for modelling of gas generation.After sulphate addition, quantitative PCR analysis showed a moderate increase in the number of sulphate reducers and a decrease in the number of methanogens. The diversity of methane-producing microbes stayed similar during the disturbance but certain sulphate reducing bacteria emerged to the microbial population in the tank water. Despite of these microbial changes the sulphate reduction was not enhanced significantly and no changes in gas generation or gas composition were detected. Similarly, the increase of tank water pH from 6.7 to 8.1 did not influence the rate of gas generation. However, some changes in gas composition were detected. CO2 concentration in the released gas was reduced because CO2 was partly absorbed into the more alkaline tank water. In addition, soluble iron concentration in the tank water was reduced indicating precipitation of iron.

Published
2022

29. Labor Market Integration of Refugees: RCT Evidence from an Early Intervention Program in Sweden

Author

Matz Dahlberg, Johan Egebark, Ulrika Vikman, and Gülay Özcan

Subjects
FOS: Economics and business, General Economics (econ.GN), Economics - General Economics
Abstract

This study uses a randomized control trial to evaluate a new program for increased labor market integration of refugees. The program introduces highly intensive assistance immediately after the residence permit is granted. The early intervention strategy contrasts previous integration policies, which typically constitute low-intensive help over long periods of time. We find positive effects on employment of the program. The magnitude of the effect is substantial, corresponding to around 15 percentage points. Our cost estimates suggest that the new policy is less expensive than comparable labor market programs used in the past.

Published
2022

30. Implementation of Virtual Reality in Health Professional Higher Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)

Author

Tore Bonsaksen, Nikolina Helle, Silje Stangeland Lie, Miriam Dubland Vikman, and Nina Sletteland Vahl

Abstract

BACKGROUND The use of virtual reality in higher education show great potential to promote novel and innovative learning experiences. Until recently, virtual reality has mostly been used in technical higher education, but lately medical education programs have begun using virtual reality. Virtual reality for health professional education improves the knowledge and skills of health professionals compared with traditional or other digital education initiatives. However, the implementation of technology in higher education is slow because of barriers to technology use and innovative and successful practices are not shared. It is, therefore, of great interest to explore how virtual reality is implemented in higher health professional and continuing education. OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review is to identify studies that reported implementation of virtual reality in higher health professional education, to identify barriers and facilitators for implementation, and to highlight research gaps in this area. METHODS The scoping review will be conducted according to JBI Evidence Synthesis methodologies. CINAHL, the Academic Search Elite and Education Source electronic databases, and Google Scholar will be searched for studies published between 2017 and 2022. In addition, manual searching of key items, reference tracking, and citation tracking will be performed. Searches for white papers will also be manually conducted. All authors will independently extract data from full-text papers. We will use qualitative content analysis to abstract the findings. RESULTS The literature searches were conducted in January and February 2022. The review is expected to be completed by fall 2022, after which time it will be submitted for publication. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate that, from the review, we will be able to coordinate recommendations for and present the challenges of virtual reality initiatives in health professional education programs. We will present recommendations for future research. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/37222

Published
2022
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31. Ghosts without Runaway Instabilities

Author

Cédric Deffayet, Shinji Mukohyama, and Alexander Vikman

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract

We present a simple class of mechanical models where a canonical degree of freedom interacts with another one with a negative kinetic term, i.e., with a ghost. We prove analytically that the classical motion of the system is completely stable for all initial conditions, notwithstanding that the conserved Hamiltonian is unbounded from below and above. This is fully supported by numerical computations. Systems with negative kinetic terms often appear in modern cosmology, quantum gravity, and high energy physics and are usually deemed as unstable. Our result demonstrates that for mechanical systems this common lore can be too naive and that living with ghosts can be stable.

Published
2022
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33. Hur talar lärarhandledningarna tilllärare och elever? : – Kompositioner och relationer i skolämnet svenska med inriktning årskurs 1

Author

Hemmingsson, Julia and Vikman, Ebba

Subjects
Learning, Lärande
Abstract

Studiens syfte är att undersöka olika möjliga användningar som framkommer i lärarhandledningar för ämnet svenska i årskurs 1. Två lärarhandledningar analyserades, Den magiska kulan (Felth Sjölund et al., 2011) och Livet i bokstavslandet (Alatalo, 2018). Texternas olika multimodala resurser analyserades för att sedan diskuteras i relation till dess möjliga affordans. Studiens resultat visar att olika lärarhandledningar kan uttrycka olika höga grader av förpliktelse och säkerhet. Detta har kunnat urskiljas bland annat genom texternas grammatik beroende på vilka satstyper, modala hjälpverb och satsadverbial som används mest. De multimodala resurser som finns i Den magiska kulans lärarhandledning gör att den fungerar som en instruktion för hur läraren introducerar en ny bokstav medan Livet i bokstavslandets resurser gör att den fungerar som en idébank utan stöd genom tydliga processer. Lärarhandledningarnas olika former av resurser skulle kunna göra att de kan tilltala olika lärare.

Published
2022

35. Metoderna finns, men var är tiden? : En studie om alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation i förskolan

Author

Olsson, Paula and Vikman, Emmy

Subjects
grafisk alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation, Alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation, tydliggörande pedagogik, Educational Sciences, tecken som alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation, Utbildningsvetenskap, specialpedagogik
Abstract

Denna kvalitativa studie utgår ifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande och relationell syn på specialpedagogik och undersöker hur stor betydelse alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation eller (AKK) har i förskolan. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en djupare förståelse kring arbetet och användandet av alternativ kompletterande kommunikation (AKK) i förskolan och hur det sedan används som en del i den tydliggörande pedagogiken. Studien vill bidra med kunskap om samarbetet mellan specialpedagoger och förskollärare samt undersöka vilken kompetens de har och hur det bidrar till att stärka barn i behov av alternativa kommunikationssätt. Studien har utförts i två kommuner och syftar därför också till att identifiera olika lokala sätt att använda AKK. Studien bygger på åtta intervjuer med verksamma förskollärare och specialpedagoger i förskolan. Studien visar en positiv uppfattning kring användandet av AKK i förskolan, AKK används som ett av flera viktiga verktyg i den tydliggörande pedagogiken i förskolans vardag. Informanterna beskriver sina kompetenser som grundläggande, möjligheter finns till vidareutveckling men detta sker då främst på eget intresse. Informanterna nämner även att ett kontinuerligt användande av AKK med andra kollegor, specialpedagoger och barn ökar deras kompetens och kunskap om AKK. Förskollärare och specialpedagoger har även ett nära samarbete med syfte att underlätta barns delaktighet, kommunikation och gemenskap. Möjligheterna är ändlösa menar förskollärare och specialpedagoger, däremot ser de den största svårigheten i arbetet som tidsbrist och okunskap.

Published
2022

36. Att se människan bakom normen : En studie om jämlik vård ur denmedicinska sekreterarens perspektiv

Author

Vikman, Jenny

Subjects
Jämlik vård, bemötande, Hälso- och sjukvårdslag, Political Science, Statsvetenskap, normmedvetenhet
Abstract

Trots hälso- och sjukvårdslagens (2017:30) bestämmelse om jämlik vård förekommer bådeexkludering och diskriminering av personer som avviker från normen. Tidigare forskning harbelyst vikten av vårdpersonalens bemötande för att nå målet om en jämlik vård. Den besvararinte frågan om det bara är vårdpersonalens uppgift att implementera jämlik vård eller omansvaret delas med andra yrkesgrupper i vården. Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka vilkenuppfattning medicinska sekreterare har om begreppet jämlik vård och hur de utifrån ettnormmedvetet perspektiv bemöter patienter. Frågeställningarna var ”Hur förhåller sigmedicinska sekreterare till jämlik vård?”, ”Vilka möjligheter och hinder kan sociala normermedföra för ett gott patientbemötande enligt medicinska sekreterare?” och ”Vilken möjlighethar medicinska sekreterare att implementera jämlik vård och ett normmedvetetförhållningssätt i sitt patientbemötande?” Den metod som användes för att samla in detempiriska materialet var samtalsintervjuer med fyra medicinska sekreterare som hadereceptionsarbete som en del av deras arbetsuppgifter. Resultatet visar att medicinskasekreterare har en god kunskap om normer och vilka effekter normer kan ha för den somavviker från normen, men det finns en osäkerhet kring om och hur de kan bidra till jämlikvård. De medicinska sekreterarna anpassar sitt bemötande utifrån patienternas förutsättningar.Reflektion som ett sätt att öka normmedvetenhet och skapa möjlighet att förändra normer skersporadiskt. Slutsatsen är att det finns ett behov av individuell reflexivitet samt ettprofessionsöverskridande jämlikhetsarbete.

Published
2022

37. Developmental Coordination DisorderEffect of task-oriented approach on balance, coordination and physical activity - a literature study

Author

Vikman, Carina and Zvickell, Maria

Subjects
intervention, physical activity, task-oriented, Developmental co-ordination disorder, balance, Sjukgymnastik, co-ordination, Physiotherapy
Abstract

Bakgrund: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) är en motorisk koordinationsstörning som uppstår i tidig ålder. Det är vanligt att barn med diagnosen DCD undviker fysisk aktivitet, lek och även svårt att klara kraven inom skolidrotten. Interventioner med task-oriented approach har varit den behandling som främst rekommenderas för barn med DCD. De senaste åren har nyare interventioner inom task-oriented approach utvecklats och blivit allt mer populära. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie har varit att undersöka evidensläget för behandlingsmetoder med task-oriented approach för barn med DCD och sammanställa dessa metoders effekter på balans, koordination och/eller fysisk aktivitet. Metod: Arbetet utfördes som en narrativ litteraturstudie och en systematisk sökning efter relevanta studier genomfördes i databaserna PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane samt Cinahl. Studierna kvalitetsgranskades med PEDros granskningsmall och bedömning av evidensstyrka genomfördes med GRADEstud. Resultat: Nio studier med task-oriented approach inkluderades i studien. Artiklarnas kvalitet varierade mellan god, moderat och låg. Det sammanvägda resultatets evidensstyrka gällande effekt på balans och koordination med task-oriented approach graderades som mycket låg vid jämförelse med kontrollgrupp eller process-oriented approach och som låg vid jämförelse med annan task-oriented approach. Studiernas låga kvalitet, brist på poweranalyser samt heterogeniteten mellan interventionerna bedömdes vara orsaken till resultatet av evidensgraderingen. Konklusion: De inkluderade studierna har genomgående varit små och av varierande kvalitet. Mer forskning av hög kvalitet behövs för att kunna säkerställa en högre tillförlitlighet på effekten av task-oriented approach för barn med DCD. Background: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a motor coordination disorder that occurs at an early age. It is common for children with DCD to avoid physical activity due to their motor problems and they have difficulty meeting the demands of school sports. Interventions with a task-oriented approach have mainly been what is recommended for children with DCD. In recent years, newer interventions that fall into the task-oriented approach have become increasingly popular. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the scientific evidence of treatment methods with task-oriented approach for children with DCD and to summarize the effects of these methods on balance, coordination and physical activity. Method: For this narrative literature study the search for relevant studies was conducted in the medical databases PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane and Cinahl. The quality was assessed with the PEDro scale and the reliability of the evidence was evaluated with GRADEstud. Result: Nine studies were included in the study. The quality of the studies varied between good, moderate and low. The reliability of the results to the effect on balance and coordination was graded as very low and low. This was due to the low quality, lack of power analysis and heterogeneity in the interventions with task-oriented approach. Summary: The included studies are generally small and of varying quality. More high-quality research is needed to ensure a higher reliability of the effect of task-oriented approach for children with DCD.

Published
2022

39. Musiikki, ääni ja hyvinvointi − nykytutkimuksen tilaa kartoittamassa

Author

Ranta-Meyer, Tuire, Houni, Pia, and Vikman, Noora

Subjects
Pääkirjoitus
Abstract

Viimeisen kahden vuosikymmenen aikana taiteeseen ja taidetoimintaan on kohdistunut erityistä kiinnostusta, kun taiteen hyvinvointi- ja terveysvaikutuksia on katsottu aiempaa monipuolisemmista suunnista. Aihepiiri ei historiallisesti katsottuna ole uusi, sillä jo antiikissa kreikkalaiset oivalsivat taiteen parantavat ja terveyttä vaalivat voimat. Aristoteleen katharsiksen käsite on yksi tunnetuimmista termeistä, joilla taiteen puhdistavaa vaikutusta on kuvattu. Aristoteleelle tämä tarkoitti erityisesti tragedian tuottamaa voimakasta tunnekokemusta. Käsite itsessään oli lainattu lääketieteestä.

Published
2021
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40. Musiikki, ääni ja hyvinvointi -symposium: 9.–10.9.2021 Itä-Suomen yliopisto, UEF, Joensuu

Author

Vikman, Noora

Subjects
Katsaukset
Abstract

Musiikki, ääni ja hyvinvointi -symposium on eri tieteenalojen tutkijoiden sekä taiteen ja hyvinvointialan toimijoiden kohtaamispaikka, joka järjestettiin ensimmäisen kerran Joensuussa syyskuussa 2019. Tarkoitus on tarjota foorumi äänen vaikutuksista ja tutkimustulosten soveltamisesta kiinnostuneiden ja hyvinvointipalvelujen parissa toimivien ammattilaisten ajatustenvaihdolle sekä luoda ymmärrystä kokonaisvaltaisemman hyvinvoinnin aspekteista. Symposiumissa kulttuurisia merkityksiä ja koettua hyvinvointia on tuotu esiin monitieteisessä kontekstissa. Kulttuurin ja äänimaiseman tutkimus laajentaa ymmärrystä hyvinvoinnin edistämisestä kehollisena ja ympäristöön liittyvänä kokemuksena.

Published
2021

41. Musiikki, ääni ja hyvinvointi -symposium

Author

Noora Vikman

Abstract

Musiikki, ääni ja hyvinvointi -symposium on eri tieteenalojen tutkijoiden sekä taiteen ja hyvinvointialan toimijoiden kohtaamispaikka, joka järjestettiin ensimmäisen kerran Joensuussa syyskuussa 2019. Tarkoitus on tarjota foorumi äänen vaikutuksista ja tutkimustulosten soveltamisesta kiinnostuneiden ja hyvinvointipalvelujen parissa toimivien ammattilaisten ajatustenvaihdolle sekä luoda ymmärrystä kokonaisvaltaisemman hyvinvoinnin aspekteista. Symposiumissa kulttuurisia merkityksiä ja koettua hyvinvointia on tuotu esiin monitieteisessä kontekstissa. Kulttuurin ja äänimaiseman tutkimus laajentaa ymmärrystä hyvinvoinnin edistämisestä kehollisena ja ympäristöön liittyvänä kokemuksena.

Published
2021
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42. Gravitational shine of dark domain walls

Author

Babichev, E., Gorbunov, D., Ramazanov, S., Vikman, A., Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
defect, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, domain wall, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), dark matter, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, topological, spectrum, Einstein Telescope, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), emission, freeze-out, plasma, LISA, formation, gravitational radiation, spontaneous symmetry breaking, Astronomy and Astrophysics, critical phenomena, tension, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, frequency, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], production, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Cosmic domain walls are harmless, provided that their tension decreases with expansion of the Universe. This setup can be realized, if the scale of spontaneous symmetry breaking is induced dynamically through the interaction with hot primordial plasma. In that case, the domain wall tension can attain large values in the early Universe without any conflict with observations. Owing to the large initial tension, these topological defects may serve as a powerful source of gravitational waves. We make a preliminary estimate of the gravitational wave spectrum and argue that it is distinct from the spectrum produced by other sources, in particular by domain walls of a constant tension. The resulting gravitational wave signal is in the range accessible by Einstein Telescope, DECIGO, TianQin, LISA, IPTA, or SKA, if the field constituting the domain walls is very feebly coupled with hot primordial plasma and has tiny self-interactions. In particular, one can consider this field for the role of Dark Matter. We discuss various Dark Matter production mechanisms and properties of the emitted gravitational waves associated with them. We find that the conventional freeze-out and freeze-in mechanisms lead to large and perhaps unobservable frequency of gravitational waves. However, the Dark Matter production is also possible at the second order phase transition leading to the domain wall formation or at the inverse phase transition, when the domain walls get dissolved eventually. In both cases, there is essentially no lower bound on the frequency of emitted gravitational waves., 38 pages, 5 figures; matches journal version

Published
2021

44. Osteoblast lineage Sod2 deficiency leads to an osteoporosis-like phenotype in mice

Author

Astrid M. Schoppa, Xiangxu Chen, Jan-Moritz Ramge, Anna Vikman, Verena Fischer, Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, Jana Riegger, Jan Tuckermann, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, and Anita Ignatius

Subjects
Mice, Osteoblasts, Phenotype, Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous), Superoxide Dismutase, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Medicine (miscellaneous), Animals, Osteoclasts, Osteoporosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and strength associated with fragility fractures. Oxidative stress, which results from elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and arises in the aging organism, is considered one of the critical factors contributing to osteoporosis. Mitochondrial (mt)ROS, as the superoxide anion (O2−) generated during mitochondrial respiration, are eliminated in the young organism by antioxidant defense mechanisms, including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), the expression and activity of which are decreased in aging mesenchymal progenitor cells, accompanied by increased mtROS production. Using a mouse model of osteoblast lineage cells with Sod2 deficiency, we observed significant bone loss in trabecular and cortical bones accompanied by decreased osteoblast activity, increased adipocyte accumulation in the bone marrow and augmented osteoclast activity, suggestive of altered mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation and osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, osteoblast senescence was increased. To date, there are only a few studies suggesting a causal association between mtROS and cellular senescence in tissue in vivo. Targeting SOD2 to improve redox homeostasis could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for maintaining bone health during aging.

Published
2021

45. What Explains Successful or Unsuccessful Postural Adaptations to Repeated Surface Perturbations among Older Adults?

Author

Jimmy, Falk, Viktor, Strandkvist, Irene, Vikman, Mascha, Pauelsen, and Ulrik, Röijezon

Subjects
Posture, balance, postural control, Adaptation, Physiological, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, older people, surface perturbation, falls, Humans, Medicine, Accidental Falls, Postural Balance, Aged
Abstract

As we age there are natural physiological deteriorations that decrease the accuracy and flexibility of the postural control system, which increases the risk of falling. Studies have found that there are individual differences in the ability to learn to manage repeated postural threats. The aim of this study was to investigate which factors explain why some individuals are less proficient at adapting to recurrent postural perturbations. Thirty-five community dwelling older adults performed substantial sensory and motor testing and answered surveys regarding fall-related concerns and cognitive function. They were also subjected to three identical surface perturbations where both kinematics and electromyography was captured. Those that were able to adapt to the third perturbation were assigned to the group “Non-fallers” whereas those that fell during all perturbations were assigned to the group “Fallers”. The group designation dichotomized the sample in a hierarchical orthogonal projection of latent structures— the discriminant analysis model. We found that those who fell were older, had poorer physical performance, poorer strength and longer reaction times. The Fallers’ postural control strategies were more reliant on the stiffening strategy along with a more extended posture and they were less skillful at making appropriate feedforward adaptations prior to the third perturbation.

Published
2021

46. O22 ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY AND THE RISK FOR INGUINAL HERNIA

Author

Ove Gustafsson, Maria Hermann, Pär Stattin, Johan Styrke, Asmatullah Katawazai, Gabriel Sandblom, and Hanna Vikman

Subjects
Androgen deprivation therapy, Inguinal hernia, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Urology, Surgery, medicine.disease, business
Abstract

Aim To investigate whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer increases the risk for inguinal hernia. Material and Methods A population-based nested case-control study based on data from the Prostate Cancer Database Sweden. The cohort included men with prostate cancer who had not received curative treatment. Men who had been diagnosed with inguinal hernia or had undergone inguinal hernia repair (n = 1324) were cases and controls were men, not diagnosed, nor operated on for inguinal hernia, matched on birth year (n = 13 240). Conditional multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess any temporal association between ADT and inguinal hernia, adjusting for confounders. Results Odds Ratio [OR] for repair of inguinal hernia 0-1 years from start of ADT was 0.5 (95% confidence Interval (CI)) 0.38-0.68), between 1 and 3 years after, the OR was 0.35 (95% CI 0.26-0.47), 3-5 years after, the OR was 0.39 (95% CI 0.26-0.56), 5-7 years after, the OR was 0.6, (95% CI: 0.41-0.97), and > 9 years after, the OR was 3.68 (95% CI 2.45-5.53). Conclusions The marked increase in OR for inguinal hernia after 9 years of ADT supports the hypothesis that low testosterone levels increase the risk for inguinal hernia. The low risk for inguinal hernia during the first eight years on ADT is likely caused by selection of men with advanced cancer unlikely to be diagnosed or treated for inguinal hernia. This finding may support the hypothesis that sex hormones plays a crucial role in inguinal hernia development.

Published
2021
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48. Positive Self-Perceptions of Aging Play a Significant Role in Predicting Physical Performance among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Author

Emma Nilsson, Helena Igelström, Irene Vikman, Agneta Larsson, and Mascha Pauelsen

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Aging, Geriatrik, self-perceptions of aging, physical functional performance, Self Concept, Article, attitude toward own aging, Cross-Sectional Studies, healthy aging, Geriatrics, ageism, falls, Medicine, Humans, Female, Independent Living, Geriatric Assessment, Aged
Abstract

Self-perceptions of aging (SPA) is associated with various health-related outcomes, including physical performance. No previous study has investigated the potential predictive influence of SPA on physical performance among Swedish community-dwelling older adults. This was a cross-sectional study using a random sample of 153 Swedish community-dwelling individuals aged 70 and older. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, using the subscale "Attitude Towards Own Aging " of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, as a measure of SPA. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was dichotomized and used as the outcome variable. SPA was a significant predictor (OR = 1.546, CI = 1.066-2.243) of physical performance, adjusted for age, cognitive function, and life-space mobility. Further analyses revealed significant sex differences, with SPA not being included in the model for the men whilst it was still a significant predictor (OR = 1.689, CI = 1.031-2.765) of physical performance in the group of women. SPA plays a significant role in predicting physical performance among Swedish community-dwelling older adults. To further clarify this relationship and its consequences, future longitudinal research should focus on the relationship between SPA, physical performance, and fall risk.

Published
2021

49. Disforming to conformal symmetry

Author

Jiroušek, Pavel, Shimada, Keigo, Vikman, Alexander, and Yamaguchi, Masahide

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyse the dynamical properties of disformally transformed theories of gravity. We show that disformal transformation typically introduces novel degrees of freedom, equivalent to the mimetic dark matter, which possesses a Weyl-invariant formulation. We demonstrate that this phenomenon occurs in a wider variety of disformal transformations than previously thought., Comment: 18 pages + bibliography, no figures; V3: minor changes, updated bibliography, published version

Published
2022
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50. Ghosts without runaway

Author

Deffayet, Cédric, Mukohyama, Shinji, Vikman, Alexander, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES), and IHES

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, cosmological model, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], kinetic, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), stability, mechanics: classical, ghost, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, boundary condition, Hamiltonian, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), quantum gravity, conservation law, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], numerical calculations, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a simple class of mechanical models where a canonical degree of freedom interacts with another one with a negative kinetic term, i.e. with a ghost. We prove analytically that the classical motion of the system is completely stable for all initial conditions, notwithstanding that the conserved Hamiltonian is unbounded from below and above. This is fully supported by numerical computations. Systems with negative kinetic terms often appear in modern cosmology, quantum gravity and high energy physics and are usually deemed as unstable. Our result demonstrates that for mechanical systems this common lore can be too naive and that living with ghosts can be stable., Comment: 4 pages + refs, 4 figures

Published
2021

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