Search

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is the second most important perennial forage legume in the Republic of Serbia, cultivated on 90-120.000 ha. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cutting management on seed yield, some seed yield components, and seed quality of the NS red clover variety Una during the second and third year of growing. Five cutting managements with variable dates of initial cutting were tested in the 2019-2020 period. The first cutting was used for seed production in the C1 management and the second growth in the C2-C5 managements (C2-budding, C3-start of flowering, C4-mid of flowering, and C5-full flowering). In all cutting systems, significantly higher seed yields were achieved in the second year of growing. Unfavourable environmental conditions for pollinators as well as thinning of red clover crops in the third year of growing are the main reasons for low seed yields. The highest seed yield (539 kg/ha) was achieved in the C2 cutting management in the second year of growing. The cutting management had no significant effects on red clover seed quality. Crvena detelina (Trifolium pratense L.) je druga po značaju višegodišnja krmna leguminoza u Republici Srbiji, koja se gaji na oko 90-120.000 ha. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi efekat različitih sistema kosidbe na prinos semena, najvažnije komponente prinosa semena i kvalitet semena NS sorte crvene deteline Una tokom druge i treće godine života. U periodu 2019-2020, testirano je pet različitih sistema kosidbe sa promenljivim datumima prvog otkosa. Prvi otkos je korišćen za proizvodnju semena u sistemu kosidbe K1, a drugi otkos u sistemima kosidbe od K2 do K5 (sa promenljivim datumima prvog otkosa za proizvodnju sena, zavisno od faze razvoja: K2-butonizacija, K3-početak cvetanja, K4-sredina cvetanja, K5-puno cvetanje). U svim sistemima kosidbe u drugoj godini života crvene deteline ostvareni su znatno veći prinosi semena. Nepovoljni ekološki uslovi za oprašivače, kao i proređivanje useva crvene deteline u trećoj godini života su glavni razlozi niskih prinosa semena. Najveći prinos semena (539 kg/ha) ostvaren je u sistemu kosidbe K2 u drugoj godini života crvene deteline. Sistem kosidbe nije imao značajan uticaj na kvalitet semena crvene deteline.

Seme lucerke ima veliki privredni i ekonomski značaj od davnina, jer se smatra da je lucerka prva gajena krmna biljka. Danas je veoma raširena i gaji se u više od 80 zemalja na svim kontinentima od umereno hladnog do tropskog pojasa (Katić i sar., 2000). Lucerka (Medicago sativa L.) je po površinama najzastupljenija krmna kultura kako u svetu, tako i kod nas, pre svega zbog hemijskog sastava njene biljne mase. Sadržaj proteina u suvoj materiji lucerke varira između 18 i 25%, u zavisnosti od faze razvoja biljaka, otkosa, sorte i načina iskorišćavanja. Sadržaj mineralnih materija je 9,87%, dok se i sadržaj kalcijuma kreće od 1,4 do 1,9%. Sadržaj masnih materija je nizak, u proseku 1,78% (Katić et al., 2004). Alfalfa seeds have been of great economic and economic importance since ancient times, because it is considered that alfalfa was the first cultivated fodder plant. Today it is very widespread and is cultivated in more than 80 countries on all continents from the temperate to the tropical zone (Katić et al., 2000). Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most represented forage crop both in the world and in our country, primarily due to the chemical composition of its plant mass. The protein content in the dry matter of alfalfa varies between 18 and 25%, depending on the stage of plant development, cutting, variety and method of utilization. The mineral content is 9.87%, while the calcium content ranges from 1.4 to 1.9%. The content of fatty substances is low, on average 1.78% (Katić et al., 2004).

Microplastic fibers have been found to be a dominant form of microplastics in water matrixes, and textile industry and domestic washing of synthetic textiles as one of its main sources. Additionally, there is a lack of knowlidge about microplastic fiber release during mechanically drying clothes and textiles due to differences in the isolation of microplastic fiber methods. Limited information available in the literature in terms of the isolation of microplastic fibers from organic-rich samples after using different household equipment represents one of the main challenges leading us to our main goal, to optimise an effective, simple, and low-cost method for the isolation of microplastic fibers from textile fibers of different origins without damaging their structure. This is achieved by primarily removing mineral matter by using density separation with a saturated solution of ZnCl2 followed by removal of organic matter by using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and FeCl3 as a catalyst. Identification of microplastic fibers was obtained by optical microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analysis. Clear microscope (both optical and SEM) images, high percentage of obtained FTIR spectra overlap with Polymer Sample laboratory, clear TGA of isolated samples confirmed that this method can be used as a simple and effective method for isolation of microplastic fibers from organic components rich samples of different origin. published

Previous research has shown that wastewater treatment plants can be considered a place where microplastics are removed, but also, unfortunately, a place of concentration of these pollutants and their source in the environment. This was the reason why one of the subjects of research in this area was to examine the efficiency of microplastic removal in wastewater treatments. Among the studied processes, coagulation and flocculation have been identified as potentially efficient processes that are also often used in water treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of removing selected microplastics (PE and PVC) from water by treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Two coagulants, ferric chloride (FeCl3) and polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were used in different water matrices (synthetic matrix and waste water from washing machine). The particle sizes of the microplastics were 0.5 mm and 0.171-0.279 for PE and PVC, respectively. The obtained results, expressed as a percentage, indicate that FeCl3 proved to be a better coagulant in removing PE from synthetic matrix, compared to PACl, which shows results of 3-70% for FeCl3, while PACl did not show significant removal for PE. In synthetic matrix PVC was effectively removed by both coagulants. The results obtained for waste water from washing machine indicate that both coagulants were quite effective for removal PE, which shows values of 8-63% for FeCl3, and 36-48% for PACl. In this case, PVC was better removed with FeCl3 (41-45%) while PaCl did not show any removal efficiency. This research will provide a better understanding of the possibilities of removing different types of microplastics in water treatments. In particular, it will contribute to a better understanding of the microplastic removal mechanism at wastewater treatment plants with conventional techniques that are readily available. Also see: https://micro2022.sciencesconf.org/427366/document, In MICRO 2022, Online Atlas Edition: Plastic Pollution from MACRO to nano

Najznačajnije krmne biljke koje se gaje na oranicama Srbije su lucerka, crvena detelina, stočni grašak, grahorica, krmni sirak i sudanska trava. Površine na kojima se gaje oranične krmne biljke iznose oko 235.000 ha, što predstavlja oko 9% obradivog zemljišta Srbije (SGRS, 2021). Dominantan način iskorišćavanja krmnih biljaka u Srbiji je proizvodnja kabaste stočne hrane (zelena krma, seno, senaža i silaža) sa izuzetkom proteinskog graška koji se koristi za proizvodnju zrna (Karagić i sar., 2012). Osim direktne koristi za proizvodnju stočne hrane, gajenje NS sorti krmnog bilja, naročito krmnih leguminoza, pozitivno utiče na veći broj činilaca poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Uključivanjem krmnih biljaka u strukturu setve smanjuje se ili u potpunosti izostavlja primena mineralnih đubriva i pesticida, što omogućava proizvodnju zdravstveno-bezbedne stočne hrane. Većim učešćem krmnih biljaka u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji omogućava se potrebna plodosmena i povećava efikasnost iskorišćavanja mehanizacije i zemljišta.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of seed priming on seed quality parameters (germination energy, germination, seedling length and vigor index) of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Pers.). The experiment was performed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. The research was conducted on the seeds of the sorghum variety NS Džin and sudangrass variety Srem. Distilled water and aqueous extracts of young willow branches (Salix matsudana) and mature banana fruits (Musa x paradisiaca) were used to prime the seeds. The seeds were primed for: 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. The results showed that priming sorghum and sudangrass seeds in aqueous extracts of young willow branches and mature banana fruits can have a positive effect on seed quality parameters: germination energy, germination, seedling length and vigor index. The greatest effect on germination energy and seed germination was achieved in sudangrass by using an aqueous extract of young willow branches. The increase was 9.30% and 9.20%, respectively. Priming sorghum seeds in aquatic extracts of mature banana fruits had the greatest effect on seedling length and vigor index. The increase was 36.86% and 40.33%, respectively. For all research parameters, priming for 3 h was the most effective. However, in addition to the positive effect, priming can also have a negative effect. The most significant reduction was found on sorghum seeds, when primed in an aqueous extract of mature banana fruit for 24 hours. Germination energy and germination were reduced by 7.14% and 9.30%, respectively. Циљ овог рада је био да се испита утицај потапања семена крмног сирка (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) и суданске траве (Sorghum sudanense Pers.) на параметре квалитета семена (енергија клијања, клијавост, дужина клијанца и вигор индекс). Оглед је изведен на Институту за ратарство и повртарство у Новом Саду. Истраживања су спроведена на семену крмног сирка сорте НС Џин и суданске траве сорте Срем. За потапање семена коришћена је дестилована вода, и водени екстракт младих грана врбе (Salix matsudana) и зрелих плодова банане (Musa x paradisiaca). Семе је потапано у трајању од: 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h и 24 h. Резултати су показали да потапање семена крмног сирка и суданске траве у водене екстракте младих грана врбе и зрелих плодова банане може имати позитиван ефекат на параметре квалитета семена: енергију клијања, клијавост, дужину клијанца и вигор индекс. Најбољи ефекат на енергију клијања и клијавост семена остварен је употребом воденог екстракта младих грана врбе на семену суданске траве. Повећање је износило 9,30% и 9,20%. Потапањем семена крмног сирка у водени екстракт зрелих плодова банане остварен је бољи ефекат на дужину клијанца и вигор семена. Повећање је износило 36,86% и 40,33%. Код свих параметара истраживања најбољи ефекат је остварен при потапању од 3 h. Међутим, поред позитивног, потапање може имати и негативан ефекат. Најзначајније смањење утврђено је на семену крмног сирка, приликом потапања у водени екстракт зрелих плодова банане у трајању од 24 h. Клијавост је смањена за 9,30%.

Ovo je novostvorena sorta jarog proteinskog krmnog graška (Pisum sativum L.) NS Labud priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije. This is registered newly-developed cultivar of spring protein forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) NS Labud released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. Broj rešenja: 320-04-01663/2/2021-11 Datum rešenja: 06.12.2022.

Ovo je novostvorena sorta crvene deteline (Trifolium pratense L.) NS Darija priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije. This is registered newly-developed cultivar of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) NS Darija released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. Broj rešenja: 320-44-01605/2/2020-11 Datum rešenja: 06.12.2022.

Показано, что биокомплекс на основе лектина гороха и стероидного фитогормона эпибрассинолида способствовал увеличению семенной продуктивности гороха сербской селекции усатого морфотипа в почвенно-климатических условиях Беларуси за счет увеличения индивидуальной продуктивности растений и стимуляции азотфиксирующей активности клубеньков. Данный эффект имел место на фоне инокуляции семян NS-нитрагином, содержащим промышленные штаммы азотфиксирующих бактерий Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, который используется в Республике Сербии в технологии возделывания бобовых культур, в том числе, гороха. Предполагается, что применение биокомплекса совместно с инокулянтами может быть перспективным агроприемом в технологии возделывания гороха как в Сербии, так и в Беларуси, для более полной реализации потенциала его продуктивности. It was shown that the biocomplex based on pea lectin and the steroid phytohormone epibrassinolide contributed to an increase in the seed productivity of peas of the Serbian selection of the mustached morphotype in the soil and climatic conditions of Belarus by increasing the individual productivity of plants and stimulating nitrogen-fixing activity of nodules. This effect took place against the background of seed inoculation with NS-Nitragin containing industrial strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, which is used in the Republic of Serbia in the cultivation technology of peas. It is assumed that the use of biocomplex together with inoculants can be a promising agricultural technique in the technology of pea cultivation both in Serbia and in Belarus for a more complete realization of the potential of its productivity.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is the second most important perennial forage legumes in the Republic of Serbia, cultivated on 90-120.000 ha. Nowadays red clover is considered as a very important catch crop and green manure as well as row material for production of pharmaceutical supplements based on phytoestrogens. Currently, domestic seed production is not sufficient to meet the demand, so the import of seeds from other countries is necessary. One of the most important factors that guarantee high yields of red clover seeds is cutting management, heavily influenced by environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cutting management on seed yields, some seed yield components and seed quality of NS red clover variety Una. The trial was established on the experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Bački Petrovac according to a randomized block design with three replicates. Red clover variety Una was sown on April 10, 2018, at a row-to-row spacing of 25 cm with a seeding rate of 15 kg ha-1. The size of the elementary plot unit was 15 m2 (3x5 m).

Aqueous plant extracts contain nutrients and physiologically active substances that affect plant growth and development. they are easy to prepare and apply, and many aqueous extracts have fungicidal action and repellent action on pests. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of the application of aqueous extracts of banana and nettle with comfrey on plant weight and weight of 1000 grains in three soybean cultivars. In both years of research, aqueous extracts of banana and nettle with comfrey statistically significantly increased the weight of plants and the weight of 1000 soybeans.

Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that can exhibit estrogen-like activity. Isoflavones are one of the best studied groups of phytoestrogens known for their human health benefits. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the leading forage legumes in northern and south-eastern Europe, the United States and Canada. In recent years, the use of natural antioxidants found in red clover has attracted interest due to their presumed nutritional and therapeutic values (Vlaisavljevic et al., 2014; Vlaisavljevic et al., 2017). Studies of utilization of red clover by the pharmaceutical industry have pointed that dietary phytoestrogens play an important role in the prevention of menopausal symptoms (Lipovac et al., 2010), osteoporosis (Atkinson et al., 2004a), estrogen-related cancers like breast cancer, prostate cancer (Atkinson et al., 2004b; Velentzis et al., 2008) and heart disease (Cano et al., 2010; Dixon, 2004). The isoflavones content in red clover is controlled by genetic and environmental factors (Boot et al., 2006; Sivesind and Seguin, 2005; Tsao et al., 2006; Visnevschi-Necrasov et al., 2013). Short communication accepted at the 11th Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Southeast European Countries 2020 (CMAPSEEC 2020) “The apprising plants of the new era”

U usevu pasulja i boranije širom sveta zabeleženo je preko 200 oboljenja različite etiologije, međutim u mnogim delovima sveta najznačajnije štete u proizvodnji mahunarki izazivaju upravo biljni virusi. Pasulj je domaćin 44 različita virusa među kojima su najvažniji virus običnog mozika pasulja (Bean common mosaic virus, BCMV), virus običnog nekrotičnog mozaika pasulja (Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, BCMNV), virus žutog mozaika pasulja (Bean yellow mosaic virus, BYMV) i virus mozaika krastavca (Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV). Virusi pasulja se prenose semenom i/ili vašima na neperzistentan način, što je jedan od glavnih uzroka široke rasprostranjenosti ovih virusa u svetu. Virusna oboljenja na pasulju i boraniji se ispoljavaju u vidu različitih tipova simptoma, a najčešći su mozaik, šarenilo, deformacija lišća i promene na mahunama, koji imaju za posledicu smanjenje porasta biljaka i prinosa. Over 200 diseases with different etiologies have been determined in dry beans and green beans. However, viral diseases seem to cause the greatest economic damage to legume production in most parts of the world. Dry beans can be infected by 44 different viruses including Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Transmission through seeds and/or spread by aphids in non-persistent manner play important role in worldwide distribution of bean viruses. Viral diseases on dry and green beans can have an array of symptoms. The most common symptoms are the mosaic pattern, variegation or deformation of leaves and pods, resulting in reduced plant growth and yield.

Ovo je novostvorena sorta aleksandrijske deteline (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) NS Asja priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije. This is a registered newly-developed cultivar of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) NS Asja released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. Broj rešenja: 320-04-01247/209-11 Datum rešenja: 04.01.2021.

Ovo je novostvorena sorta crvene deteline (Trifolium pratense L.) NS Sana priznata od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i ishrane Republike Slovenije. This is registered newly-developed cultivar of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) NS Sana released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia. Broj rešenja: U34320-41/2017-6 Datum rešenja: 04.05.2021.

The Zeleny sedimentation volume (ZS) is lean upon the ability of the endosperm storage proteins to swell and flocculate in a lactic acid and propan-2-ol solution in the presence of the dye, manifesting positive correlations with gluten strength, bread-making quality, the cooking quality of pasta, bread-loaf volume. The aims of this study were to assess variability and components of phenotypic variation using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for ZS of 30 genotypes (G) of bread wheat and durum wheat. The field trials were conducted during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 vegetation seasons (S) at the three locations (L) in Serbia: Rimski Šančevi, Zemun Polje, and Padinska Skela. ZS was determined by Near infrared spectrometry with the Infraneo analyser (Chopin Technologies, France), with calibration NF ISO 5529. ZS content varied from 39.41 ml to 67.12 ml for bread wheat, and from 37.40 ml to 48.33 ml for durum wheat. The Tukey (HSD) test showed 11 and 8 homogenic sub-groups for ZS in bread wheat and durum wheat, respectively. The descending sources of variation by its contribution to ZS were: G > L > G × L > L × S × G > G × S > S > L × S for bread wheat, and S > G > G × L > L > L × S × G > G × S > L × S for durum wheat. The relation genetic component of variance/component of variance genotype × environment interaction was 1.0 for bread wheat, and 0.48 for durum wheat.

Morfološke osobine biljaka soje zavise prvenstveno od sortnih karakteristika, ali iste veoma variraju usled različitih klimatskih prilika u pojedinim godinama, kvaliteta zemljišta, obezbeđenosti biljaka hranivima i njihovom nivou dostupnosti, stresnim uslovima tokom rasta i razvoja soje i sl. Cilj ovih istraživanja je ispitivanje uticaja godine i različitih sorti na visinu biljaka i masu 1000 zrna soje. U 2017. i 2021. godini statistički je veoma značajno niža visina biljaka i masa 1000 zrna soje u odnosu na 2016., 2018., 2019. i 2020. godinu. Sorta Rubin imala je statistički veoma značajno višu visinu biljaka u odnosu na sorte Galina i Sava. Statistički veoma značajno viša masa 1000 zrna zabeležena je kod sorte Rubin u odnosu na sortu Galina i statistički značajno viša vrednost u odnosu na sortu Sava. Morphological characteristics of soybean plants depend primarily onvarietal characteristics, but they differ greatly due to different climaticconditions in certain years, soil quality, plant nutrient supply and theirlevel of availability, stressful conditions during soybean growth anddevelopment, etc. The aim of this research is to examine the influence ofyear and different varieties on plant height and weight of 1000 soybeangrains. In 2017 and 2021, the height of plants and the mass of 1000soybean grains were statistically significantly lower compared to 2016,2018, 2019 and 2020. The Rubin variety had a statistically verysignificantly higher plant height compared to the Galina and Savavarieties. A statistically very significantly higher mass of 1000 grainswere recorded in the cultivar Rubin in relation to the cultivar Galina and astatistically significantly higher value in relation to the cultivar Sava.

Ovo je novostvorena sorta ozimog krmnog graška (Pisum sativum L.) za kombinovano iskorišćavanje NS Kablar priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije. This is a registered newly-developed cultivar of winter forage combining pea (Pisum sativum L.) NS Kablar released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. Broj rešenja: 320-04-07562/2019-11 Datum rešenja: 13.12.2021.

Proizvodnja soje u uslovima pandemije Covid-19 virusa u svetu i u Srbiji nije zabeležila smanjenje površina u poslednje dve godine, što nam govori da se poljoprivredna proizvodnja odvija i u uslovima restriktivnih mera. Prinosi soje prvenstveno zavise od klimatskih uslova u godini proizvodnje u određenom regionu, a pandemija Covid-19 nema značajan uticaj na visinu prinosa. Cena soje beleži rekorde u 2021. godini, što se delom može obrazložiti slabijom proizvodnjom usled nepovoljnih klimatskih uslova proizvodnje, većom potražnjom i psihološkim delovanjem pandemije Covid-19. Soybean production in the conditions of the Covid 19 virus pandemic in the world and in Serbia has not noticed a decrease in areas in the last two years, which tells us that agricultural production is taking place even in the conditions of restrictive measures.Soybean yields primarily depend on climatic conditions in the year of production and a particular region, and the Covid 19 pandemic has no significant impact on yield levels. Soybean prices are recording the highest value in 2021,which can be partially explained by weaker production due to unfavourable climatic conditions of production, higher demand and the psychological impact of the Covid 19 pandemic.

Intenzivna biljna proizvodnja podrazumeva pravilnu i pravovremenu primenu svih agrotehničkih mera, primenu đubriva na osnovu analize zemljišta, dopunsku ishranu sa mikroelementima i stimulatorima rasta, kompleksnu zaštitu protiv korova, bolesti i štetočina, u cilju ostvarivanja visokih i stabilnih prinosa, visokog kvaliteta. Još uvek se na mnogim parcelama u proizvodnji soje primenjuje prolećna primena NPK đubriva, pa je i cilj ovoga rada sagledavanje uticaja jesenje i prolećne primene NPK đubriva na prinos soje. Jesenja primena NPK đubriva statistički veoma značajno povećava prinos soje u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu ogleda - bez đubrenja, ali i u odnosu na prolećnu primenu NPK đubriva. Intensive plant production indicates proper and timely application ofall agrotechnical measures, application of fertilizers based on soil analysis, additional nutrition with microelements and growth stimulators,complex protection against weeds, diseases and pests, in order to achievehigh and stable yields, high quality. Spring application of NPK fertilizersis still applied on many plots in soybean production, so the aim of thispaper is to consider the influence of autumn and spring application ofNPK fertilizers on soybean yield. Autumn application of NPK fertilizersstatistically significantly increases the soybean yield in relation to thecontrol variant of the experiment - without fertilization, but also inrelation to the spring application of NPK fertilizers.

Jedan od činilaca smanjenja prinosa i kvaliteta pasulja su fi topatogene bakterije koje prouzrokuju simptome na listovima, stablu, mahunama i semenu. Takođe, jedan od razloga učestale pojave bakterioza pasulja je upotreba nedeklarisanog zaraženog semena. U agroekološkim uslovima Srbije u povoljnim godinama za razvoj bolesti na pasulju su najzastupljenije vrste fi topatogenih bakterija iz rodova Xanthomonas i Pseudomonas. Vrsti Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli prouzrokovaču obične bakteriozne plamenjače pogoduju topliji i vlažniji uslovi, dok za pojavu i širenje vrste Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola odgovara hladnije vreme i vlažni uslovi. Beans are an important plant species that is grown in our agroecological conditions. One of the signifi cant factors in the reduction and quality of yield are phytopathogenic bacteria that appear on leaves, stems, pods and seeds. Also, one of the reasons for the frequent incidence of the disease is the use of seeds that are not declared, and very often infected. In our conditions, depending on the environmental conditions, two species from the genus Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas predominantly appear. Species Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, the causal agent of common bacterial blight is affected by warmer and wet conditions, while the species Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola is affected by colder weather and humid conditions. Other bacteria that appear are of minor economic importance.

U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo do 2020. godine registrovano je 160 sorti soje i to 29 sorti soje grupe zrenja 000 i 00, 38 sorti 0 grupe zrenja, 50 sorti I grupe zrenja, 37 sorti II grupe zrenja i 6 sorti soje III grupe zrenja. Cilj ovoga rada je analiza prinosa, sadržaja proteina i ulja, kao i prinosa proteina i ulja po jedinici površine, najnovijih NS sorti soje priznatih u 2021. godini. Najviši prinos zrna ostvaren je sa sortom soje I grupe zrenja NS Deneris (4574 kg ha-1). Najviši sadržaj proteina imala je sorta soje NS Pavle, I grupe zrenja (40,53 %), dok je najviši sadržaj ulja zabeležen kod sorti soje I grupe zrenja NS Zmaj (23,04 %) i NS Deneris (23,01 %). Najviši prinos proteina po jedinici površine imala je sorta soje I grupe zrenja NS Deneris (1781 kg ha-1), a najviši prinos ulja sorta soje I grupe zrenja NS Zmaj (1051 kg ha-1). Until 2021, 160 soybean varieties were registered at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 29 soybean varieties of ripening group 000 and 00, 38 varieties of 0 ripening group, 50 varieties of ripening group I, 37 varieties of ripening group II and 6 soybean varieties of ripening group III. The aim of this paper is to analyse the yield, protein and oil content, as well as protein and oil yield per unit area, the latest NS varieties registered in 2021. The highest grain yield was achieved with the soybean variety of I ripening group NS Deneris (4574 kg ha-1). The highest protein content was in the soybean variety NS Pavle, I ripening group (40.53 %), while the highest oil content was recorded in the soybean variety I of the ripening group NS Zmaj (23.04 %) and NS Deneris (23.01 %). The highest protein yield per unit area was in the soybean variety of I ripening group NS Deneris (1781 kg ha-1), and the highest oil yield per unit area was in the soybean variety of I ripening group NS Zmaj (1051 kg ha-1).

Ovo je priznata novostvorena sorta jarog proteinskog krmnog graška (Pisum sativum L.) NS Rojal priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije. This is registered newly-developed cultivar of spring protein forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) NS Rojal released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. Broj rešenja: 320-04-01223/2018-11 Datum rešenja: 15.01.2020.

Ovo je priznata novostvorena sorta ozime panonske grahorice (Vicia panonica L.) priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vidoprivrede Republike Srbije. This is a registered newly-developed cultivar of winter pannonian vetch (Vicia panonica L.) released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. Broj rešenja: 320-04-01768/2017-11 Datum rešenja: 14.01.2020.

U cilju intenziviranja stočarske proizvodnje, rešenje treba tražiti u gajenju visoko prinosnih krmnih biljaka dobrog kvaliteta. Zajedno sa naporima da se smanji energetska potrošnja, zagađenje životne sredine i intenziviraju sistemi održive poljoprivrede, treba razmotriti mogućnost povećanja površina pod ovim biljnim kulturama. Dominantan način iskorišćavanja krmnih biljaka je proizvodnja kabaste stočne hrane (zelena krma, seno, senaža i silaža) sa izuzetkom proteinskog graška koji se koristi za proizvodnju zrna. Značajan doprinos u proizvodnji kvalitetne i raznovrsne stočne hrane u Republici Srbiji pripada Odeljenju za krmno bilje čiju osnovnu delatnost čini naučnoistraživački rad, oplemenjivanje i stvaranje novih sorti lucerke, crvene deteline, stočnog graška, grahorice, stočnog kelja, krmnog sirka i sudanske trave.

Intensive sunflower production is mainly focused on increasing seed yield, but less importance is given to soil properties, potential ecosystem services and resource conservation. This practice can cause the reduction in organic matter content in the soil, loss of soil fertility, increased erosion, as well as pollution of ground waters. Hence, it is necessary to introduce alternative practices such as intercropping that has raised much attention because it could improve agriculture production for many crops. Previous research has shown that it is best to combine two crops, including one from the Fabaceae family. Plants from this family have the ability to create a large amount of above-ground mass, strong root systems with high absorption power, ability to adapt to shady conditions, suppressive effect on weeds and the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and provide nitrogen for other plant species that are intercropped with (de la Fuente et al., 2014). Commonly intercropped with legumes are crops from а Poaceae family, whereas the combination of sunflower with legumes is relatively rare. The reason for this may be that in an earlier period there were no hybrids tolerant to different diseases and pests. However, today there are justifiable reasons for studying combinations of sunflower and the most important legumes. The goal of this research is to analyze and recommend sustainable technology of sunflower cultivation in intercropping systems and select the legumes most suitable for intercropping with sunflower, aiming to increase productivity per unit area. The assumption is that intercropping of red clover and alfalfa with sunflower will give similar results.

Saglasno trendovima održive i organske poljoprivrede u proizvodnji zdravstveno-bezbedne stočne hrane, noviji pravci u oplemenjivanju crvene deteline imaju za cilj stvaranje dugovečnijih sorti, poboljšanog kvaliteta. Istovremeno brojni su primeri alternativnog korišćenja crvene deteline u proizvodnji funkcionalne hrane bogate izoflavonima. Rizomska forma podzemnog stabla nije svojstvena crvenoj detelini, međutim neke srodne vrste (Trifolium medium) poseduju takvu formu. Kulturom embriona u skorije vreme je dobijen (Jakešova et al, 2011, 2014) i komercijalizovan prvi hibrid između Treifolium pretense i Trifolium medium, pod nazivom „Pramedi“ sa rizomskom formom podzemnog stabla čime je pre svega povećana perzistentnost.

Strateški cilj projekta EUCLEG je smanjenje zavisnosti Evrope i Kine od uvoza proteina biljnog porekla, razvojem efikasnih startegija oplemenjivanja ekonomski najvažnijih leguminoza za ljudsku i životinjsku ishranu. Projekat se bavi poboljšanjem diversifikacije najznačajnijih legumoniza, povećanjem produktivnosti i stabilnosti prinosa i kvaliteta proteina u krmi (lucerka i crvena detelina), i zrnu (grašak, bob, soja). Tokom trajanja EUCLEG-a takođe će se istraživati potencijal za nove načine upotrebe krmnih biljaka u ljudskoj ishrani. EUCLEG projekat predstavlja jedinstvenu priliku i pionirski korak u testiranju najvažnijih leguminoza u različitim agroekološkim uslovima od mediteranske, kontinentalne klime pa sve do do hladnog nordijskog pojasa. Projekat se odvija na 2 kontinenta sa učešćem 38 elitnih naučnih institucija iz Evrope (26) i Kine (12).

Krmni sirak i sudanska trava predstavljaju značajnu ugljenohidratnu komponentu u ishrani preživara. Za postizanje visokih prinosa zelene krme važno je primeniti kvalitetnu agrotehniku, pre svega izvršiti setvu na odgovarajući međuredni razmak. Cilj rada je da se odredi uticaj međurednog razmaka na morfološke osobine i prinos sorti krmnog sirka i sudanske trave. Ispitivane morfološke osobine nisu se značajno razlikovale pod uticajem međurednog razmaka, dok je na prinos zelene krme i suve materije razmak veoma značajno uticao. Na međurednom razmaku od 12,5 cm sorte su ostvarile prosečno najveći prinos zelene krme (70,1 t ha-1) i prinos suve materije (21,0 t ha-1 ). Za proizvodnju ovih useva preporučuje se uskoredna setva. Forage sorghum and Sudan grass represent a significant carbohydrate component in ruminant nutrition. In order to achieve high yield of green forage, it is important to apply quality agro-technology, mainly to seed at the appropriate row spacing. The aim of the paper is to determine the effect of row spacing on the morphological traits and yield of forage sorghum and Sudan grass varieties. Tested morphological traits did not differ significantly due to the effect of the row spacing, while green forage and dry matter yield were significantly different. At row spacing of 12.5 cm, the average green forage and dry matter yields were the highest (70.1 t ha-1 and 21.0 t ha-1). Seeding at the narrow rows is recommended for the production of these crops.

Показано, что совместное применение биоудобрения NS-Нитрагин, используемого в Сербии для инокуляции семян бобовых культур, и разработаююго нами экологически безопасного биокомплекса оказывало синергическое стимулирующее действие на процесс нодуляции, азотфиксирующую активность клубеньков и продуктивность двух сортов сои сербской селекции в почвенно-климатических условиях Беларуси и Сербии. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы наблюдаемого феномена и перспективы практического использования эффективных сочетаний NS-Нитрагина и биокомплекса в технологии возделывания сои в обеих странах. It was shown that the combined use of NS- Nitragin biofertilizer, used in Serbla to inoculate legume seeds, and the environmentally friendly biocomplex developed bу us, had а synergistic stimulating effect on the nodulation process, nitrogen-fixing activity of nodules and the productivity of two soybean varieties of the Serbian selection in the soil and climatic conditions of Belarus and Serbla. Possible mechanisms of the observed phenomenon and prospects for the practical use of effective comblnations of NSNitragin and our biocomplex in soybean cultivation technology in both countries are discussed.

Krmno bilje je zbirni, kolokvijalni naziv za veći broj biljnih vrsta koje se odlikuju formiranjem bujne vegetativne mase namenjene ishrani stoke. Jedna od osnovnih karakteristika krmnih biljaka je njihova raznolikost. Najznačajnije krmne biljke Srbije pripadaju različitim familijama (Fabacea, Poace, Amaranthaceae, Brassicacea). Gaje se kao pašnjaci i livade ili kao oranične kulture, mogu biti višegodišnje (lucerka, crvena detelina, trave, travno-leguminozne smeše), jednogodišnje (grašak, grahorica, sudanska trava, sirak) ili efemerne (stočni kelj, krmna repica, grašak, grahorica), jare ili ozime. U Srbiji pod krmnim biljem podrazumevaju se i biljne vrste namenjene proizvodnji proteinima bogatog zrna (grašak i bob). Raznolikost biljnih vrsta koje se smatraju krmnim biljkama dodatno je naglašena značajnom varijabilnošću načina iskorišćavanja, mogu se koristiti kao zelena krma, silaža, senaža, seno, pelete ili brašno. Zahvaljujući ovim osobinama, ali i konstantnom povećanju tražnje hrane i energije izazvane rastom i još više urbanizacijom svetske populacije, uloga krmnih biljaka u savremenoj poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji ne ograničava se samo na proizvodnju stočne hrane. Krmne biljke se u svetu, ali i Srbiji, sve češće koriste u proizvodnji hrane za ljude, kao sirovina za farmaceutsku industriju, za proizvodnju energije ili u zaštiti životne sredine, za proizvodnju i izvoz semena.

Proteinski grašak (Pisum sativum L.) pripada familiji Fabaceae (mahunarke, leguminoze) koja se sastoji od tri podfamilije sa oko 15.000 vrsta, različitih po morfološkim svojstvima, arealu gajenja i ekonomskom značaju (Denarie et al. 1992). Grašak odlikuje velika genetička raznolikost. Postoje ozime i jare sorte, po morfološkoj građi sorte sa lišćem (konvencionalne) i bez lišća (sa viticama, tzv. afila tip), indeterminantnog i determinantnog porasta stabla, vrlo ranostasne i kasnostasne. Seme je različito po boji, obliku i veličini. Sorte graška mogu se svrstati u baštenski grašak, koji se koristi kao povrće, poljski grašak koji se koristi za proizvodnju suvog zrna za hranu i krmni grašak, koji se gaji prvenstveno za zelenu krmu. Međutim, brojne sorte graška mogu biti višenamenske. Grašak namenjen ishrani ljudi može da se koristi i u stočarstvu i za sideraciju (Maxted, 2001).

Plava ili obična lucerka (Medicago sativa L.) je široko rasprostranjena krmna biljka namenjena za iskorišćavanje kao zelena krma, seno, senaža, silaža ili za ispašu širom sveta, zbog visoke hranljive vrednosti krme i široke adaptabilnosti. Setva je kompleksna agrotehnička operacija koja se sastoji iz više elemenata: vremena i dubine setve, i setvene norme. Upotreba optimalne količine semena pri setvi lucerke je jedna od najvažnijih agrotehničkih mera, jer se odgovarajućom setvenom normom obezbeđuje optimalan broj biljaka po jedinici površine, sa kojima se može postići visoka proizvodnja kvalitetne stočne hrane i sniziti troškovi zasnivanja lucerke.

Red clover and white clover made a slower breakthrough to the group of significant world crops. Clovers were domesticated in 1000 AD in the Maori Andalusia at the south of Spain, and afterwards gradually spread to the other parts of Europe. They served as the main source of atmospheric nitrogen, an important biogenic element in nutrition of cereals and potato, which had an increasing trend in cultivation according to population growth in Europe. During 13th and 14th century, scarce cultivation of nitrogen-fixing plants, such as clovers, accompanied by unsuitable environmental conditions because of the sudden climate change, resulted in the decline in cereal cultivation due to insufficient nitrogen supply of Eurasian soils. It ultimately brought about great famine and high mortality to Eurasian population. Red clover seeds were brought from Holland to England during 1620, spread across the British Isles in the late 17th century, and took on paramount importance in the 17th and 18th century agriculture. The introduction of red clover into the three crop rotation system (in England and then the other European countries) developed into a four crop rotation system, i.e. “The Norfolk four-course system“. Red clover became the national flower of Denmark in 1936, while clover flowers adorn the National Emblem of the Republic of Belarus. At the dawn of 21st century, following the trends of sustainable and organic agriculture, clovers gained back their significance in most EU countries primarily as a valuable component of grass-legume mixtures in the production of good-quality, well-balanced and safe feed, but also for their leading role as a preceding crop in crop rotation, and for improvement of physical and chemical properties of degraded soils.

Glavni cilj ove publikacije je da posluži kao vodič i priručnik svim proizvođačima za usvajanje planskog pristupa pri podizanju vinograda sa aspekta uređenja zemljišta. Obrađeni materijal u drugom delu ove publikacije, iznet je na osnovu sprovedenih opsežnih terenskih, pedoloških i laboratorijskih istraživanja, koja su obuhvatila četiri lokacije vinogradarskog rejona Mlava. 1. Planski pristup pri podizanju vinograda 2. Regulacioni radovi 3. Meliorativne mere đubrenja uz rigolovanje, popravka fizičkih osobina zemljišta i kalcizacija 4. Ostali aspekti pri zasnivanju vinograda 5. Primenjene metode istraživanja 6. Tipovi zemljišta 7. Fizička i vodno-fizička svojstva zemljišta 8. Plodnost, kalcizacija i preporuka za đubrenje 9. Sadržaj opasnih i štetnih materija 10. Mikrobiološka svojstva zemljišta Prilog: Uputstvo za uzorkovanje zemljišta pod vinogradima Prilog: Pedološka karta sa granicama Mlavskog vinogradarskog rejona i vinogorja

Lucerka (Medicago sativa L.) je najznačajnija krmna leguminoza u umerenom klimatu. U svetu lucerka zauzima preko 30.000.000 ha, a u Srbiji lucerka se u čistoj setvi gaji na oko 150.000 ha. Značaj ove višegodišnje biljne vrste ogleda se u visokim prinosima krme visokog kvaliteta (nutritivne vrednosti), ali i u tome što je lucerka najveći izvor proteina (2.000-2.400 kg/ha) po jedinici površine, što je čini veoma poželjnom u ishrani domaćih životinja, posebno preživara. Hranljiva vrednost lucerke zavisi od dve glavne komponente: svarljivosti i sadržaja sirovih proteina. Pored svarljivosti, sadržaja sirovih proteina i frakcija vlakana, u određivanju hranljive vrednosti lucerke treba uzeti u obzir i sadržaj minerala, vitamina i antinutritivnih materija.

Phacelia has been used for seed production and as a forage crops, either on its own or in a mix with peas or vetch to provide forage and honey production as a source of high quality nectar and pollen. The experiment was carried out in 2016, in the fields of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Bački Petrovac, in Serbia, with variety NS Priora. NS Priora had plant flowering continualy over 60 days and had high, good quality grain yield. NS Priora variety had average nitrogen content is 3.21%, protein content was 20.06% and the average thousand seeds weight was 1.42 g. Phacelia is presently very intensively used in organic agriculture and for sowing of arable land temporarily excluded from production which achieves high yields.

Najbitnije prirodne, odnosno ekološke faktore za gajenje vinove loze, pored klimatskih i drugih faktora (položaj, reljef, ekspozicija, nadmorska visina, uticaj velikih vodenih površina, šuma i drugo), predstavljaju zemljišni faktori. Vinova loza je biljna vrsta koja se može gajiti na različitim tipovima zemljišta, ali upravo zbog toga - različita zemljišta kroz vodni, vazdušni i toplotni režim, hemijski sastav i prisustvo mikroorganizama, različito utiču na vinovu lozu, kvalitet grožđa i vina, kao i na karakteristike vina iz datih vinogradarskih geografskih proizvodnih područja, odnosno iz oznaka geografskog porekla. Iz tog razloga, detaljno ispitivanje i karakterizacija zemljišta određenog vinogradarskog područja je nezaobilazni uslov za dokazivanje uslovljenosti kvaliteta i karakteristika vina iz date oznake geografskog porekla.

Uspešno zasnivanje vinogradarskih zasada bazira se na dobrom poznavanju i korišćenju znanja iz vinogradarske nauke i tehnike. Nakon prethodno izvršenih ispitivanja koja obuhvataju analizu tržišnih i ekonomskih, zatim zemljišnih i klimatskih uslova, koja predviđaju povoljnu vinogradarsku proizvodnju, prvi naredni korak u zasnivanju vinograda su regulacioni radovi. Ovi radovi imaju za cilj da omoguće uspešan rast, razvoj i plodonošenje vinove loze, kao i da stvore mogućnost za najveći stepen iskorišćenja mehanizovanog rada u obradi i zaštiti. Tu spadaju krčenje i čišćenje, ravnanje, terasiranje, odvodnjavanje, navodnjavanje i sl.

Monografija se bavi karakteristikama zemljišta pod vinogradima u Niškom vinogradarskom rejonu. Materijal je sačinjen na osnovu rezultata opsežnih terenskih i laboratorijskih istraživanja, koja su obuhvatila deset reprezentativnih lokacija. Istraživanja su realizovana u okviru projekta Ministarstva poljoprivrede i zaštite životne sredine, Uprave za poljoprivredno zemljište. Monografija sadrži sedam poglavlja: Uticaj zemljišta na kvalitet i karakteristike vina, Neke bitne karakteristike terroir-a Niškog vinogradarskog rejona, Klasifikacija zemljišta Niškog vinogradarskog rejona i vodno-fizička svojstva zemljišta, Osnovna hemijska svojstva zemljišta, Sadržaj opasnih i štetnih materija (teških metala), Mikrobiološka svojstva zemljišta i Stepen erozione ugroženosti zemljišta Niškog vinogradarskog rejona. U prilogu monografije data je detaljna pedološka karta Niškog vinogradarskog rejona, prema pojedinačnim vinogorjima, sa klasifikacijom zemljišta, koja je usaglašena po domaćoj i međunarodnoj (WRB) klasifikaciji. Rezultati istraživanja su prikazani kao realni geo-podaci korišćenjem alata geografskog informacionog sistema (GIS) sa iznetim zaključcima i smernicama. Data je globalna procena plodnosti i kvaliteta zemljišta Niškog vinogradarskog rejona kroz opšte karakteristike ovog rejona, detaljne procene vinogradarskih parcela u okviru šest pojedinačnih vinogorja, fizičke i vodnofizičke karakteristike zemljišta, agrohemijske karakteristike, utvrđivanje odsustva opasnih i štetnih materija i mikrobiološke karakteristike zemljišta. Poseban doprinos monografiji čine poglavlja o karakteristikama terroir-a Niškog vinogradarskog rejona, uključujući istorijat vinogradarstva i vinarstva ovog područja, kao i podaci o eroziji kao prva istraživanja u ovom rejonu. Takođe, uvodni deo čini građa o značaju poznavanja zemljišnih karakteristika u vinogradarstvu. Monografija je namenjena proizvođačima grožđa i vina, kao i stručnjacima iz oblasti vinogradarstva i vinarstva, sa ciljem da ukaže na značaj poznavanja zemljišnih karakteristika u složenom procesu gajenja vinove loze za proizvodnju kvalitetnih vina. Tis book analyses the characteristics of soil under vineyards in Niš wine-making region. Te material comprises the results of the extensive field and laboratory studies which included ten most representative locations. The research was carried out within a project financed by Agricultural Land Directorate of the Serbian Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection. There are seven chapters in the book: Effects of soil on wine quality and characteristics, Some important characteristics of Niš wine-making region terroir, Classification of Niš wine-making region soil and water-physical characteristics of the soil, Basic chemical properties of the soil, Content of dangerous and harmful metals (heavy metals), Microbiological properties of soil, and Degree of soil erosion threat to Niš wine-making region. In the annex to the book, there is a detailed soil map of Niš wine-making region, with individual vineyard areas and with soil classification in compliance with national and international (WRB) classifications. Research results are shown as real geo-data by using geographic information system (GIS) with conclusions and guidelines. Global assessment of soil fertility and quality of Niš wine-making region is given through general characteristics of the region, detailed assessments of vineyards within six individual vineyard areas, physical and water-physical properties of the soil, agrochemical properties, determination of absence of dangerous and harmful matters and microbiological characteristics of the soil. Special addition to the book are the chapters on characteristics of terroir of Niš wine-making region, including the historical overview of viticulture and wine-making in this region, as well as the first report on soil erosion in this region. Also, the introductory chapter highlights the importance of knowing and understanding soil characteristics in viticulture. Tis book is intended for grape growers and wine producers, viticulture and enology experts, and it focuses on the importance of soil characteristics in the complex process of growing vine for quality wine making.

Development of experimental hybrids of grain sorghum requires the selection of „per se“ superior parental components of certain agronomic traits. The aim of the research was to determine whether the ratio between plant height (M1) and panicle length (M2) is stable in different R lines of grain sorghum within the collection of NS cultivars, and if the highest values are typical for shorter or taller genotypes. Lower M2/M1 ratio was confirmed in taller genotypes, while plant height and panicle length variation was 14.9%. The tested population established a solid foundation for obtaining new, interesting genetic recombinations for plant architecture change. Pri stvaranju eksperimentalnih hibrida sirka za zrno odgovarajućih performansi bitan je izbor roditeljskih komponenti koje su za odabrane agronomske osobine superiorne „per se“. Cilj rada je da se odredi da li je odnos visine biljke (M1) i dužine metlice (M2) stabilan kod različitih R linija sirka za zrno u NS-kolekciji i da li su najviše vrednosti ovog odnosa karakteristične za niže ili za više genotipove. Utvrđeno je da viši genotipovi imaju manje vrednosti odnosa M2/M1, kao i da odnos vrednosti visine biljke i dužine metlice varira 14,9%. Ispitivana populacija predstavlja dobar osnov za dobijanje novih interesantnih genskih rekombinacija za promene arhitekture biljke.

It is essential to apply advanced management for successful production of alfalfa hay with premium quality (high content of protein and minerals). The maximum yield and the best quality of alfalfa in Serbia can be obtained by cutting four or five times per year. In alfalfa stands, use of cutting system with three cuts per year is inefficient and does not allow full exploitation of cultivar genetic potential and environmental conditions. It is possible, and economically beneficial to grow alfalfa on pseudoglay soils after application of lime and organic manure, with recommended rates 2.5 t ha-1 lime and 30 t ha-1 manure. Cutting alfalfa at the beginning of flowering stage (5 cuts per year) provides hay with better quality - higher content of crude protein and lower portion of fibre fractions (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin), and there is no reduction in dry matter yield. There is no differences in alfalfa quality after application of lower (2.5 t ha-1) and higher dose (5.0 t ha-1) of lime + 30 t ha-1 of organic manure, but there is significant increase of dry matter yield and protein yield per hectare followed by higher level of metabolic energy per unit area. Upon the results of this study, base of successful alfalfa production would be to develop management system and cultivars for different environments that would maximize hay yields without significant loses of quality. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi uticaj genotipa i tehnologije gajenja na prinos i kvalitet lucerke. Postavljena su dva ogleda sa istim setom sorti (Banat VS, Nijagara, NS Alfa i NS Mediana ZMS V) na lokalitetima Rimski šančevi i Drakčići - rejon Kraljeva. Na lokalitetu Čenej ispitivan je uticaj sorte i sistema kosidbe na prinos i kvalitet lucerke, dok je u regionu Kraljeva ispitivan uticaj genotipa i različitih tretmana đubrenja krečom i stajnjakom. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da za uspešnu proizvodnju treba sejati sortno seme lucerke, a da izbor sorte zavisi od ekoloških uslova (zemljišta) i primenjene agrotehnike (režima kosidbe, đubrenja, navodnjavanja). Košenjem lucerke 3 puta godišnje ne iskorišćavaju se genetički potencijal sorte i agroekološki uslovi naše zemlje. Na pseudoglejnim zemljištima se može gajiti lucerka, posle primene krečnog materijala i stajnjaka. Rezultati ukazuju na značaj primene 2,5 t/ha kreča i 30 t/ha stajnjaka. Košenjem u fazi početka cvetanja (5 otkosa) dobija se bolji kvalitet - veći sadržaj sirovih proteina i manji udeo frakcija celuloze (NDF, ADF, ADL), a ne dolazi do smanjenja prinosa suve materije lucerke. Kvalitet lucerke se ne razlikuje posle primene niže (2,5 t/ha) i više (5,0 t/ha) doze krečnog materijala i 30 t/ha stajnjaka, ali dobija se povećanje prinosa suve materije, a time i veći prinos proteina i veća metabolička energija (NEM, NEL) po jedinici površine. Prinos i kvalitet suve materije lucerke najviše zavise od tehnologije gajenja (nivoa agrotehnike) i izbora sorte.

International audience; Archaeology offers evidence that growing plants together, with annual legumes as usually inevitable component, could be the most ancient cropping system in all primeval agricultural centres. With a ten millennia long tradition, intercropping annual legumes, usually with cereals and for diverse uses, has remained important all over the world until today. There is a phenomenon that brings together legume breeders and agronomists: both are aware that there are differences in the agronomic performance of the mixtures of annual legumes and other field crops if diverse annual legume cultivars are used. Wishing to understand this phenomenon properly and define its economic significance, we are establishing a firm interaction between breeders and agronomists, in order to design such annual legume ideotypes that would have the best agronomic performance when intercropped with diverse plants for either forage or grain or biomass or any other use. Our major hypotheses are that the ideotypes for intercropping are the genotypes being the most competitive in the same environment compartments or taking profit of the complementary compartments. However demanding, this is feasible: the preliminary schemes for forage and grain production, developed mostly at IFVCNS, produced encouraging results in field conditions. Joint efforts of annual legume breeders and agronomists should be beneficial for both scientific community and result in enhancing the legume cultivation and production in general.

Field pea (Pisum sativum L. var. arvense Poir.) originates from the Middle East and the Mediterranean centre of diversity, from where it quickly spread in all directions, especially in Europe, North Africa and Central Asia. At the same time, field pea is one of the first domesticated plant species with about ten thousand years old archaeological findings in Syria. Along with lentils, broad beans and several species of small grains, pea was one of the earliest crops in Europe, after the last ice age. Depending on the plant part that is used, there are two types of field pea: forage and protein. Forage pea is characterized by luxuriant canopy; it is cut at the stage of full flowering and first pods formation; and the whole canopy is used. Forage pea can be grown as single crop, or more often intercropped with supporting crop (small grains). On the other side, protein pea, also known as pea used for dry seed, is grown as a single crop and only for mature seed rich in protein. Serbian version [http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/2445] Hungarian version [http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/3137]

Stočni grašak (Pisum sativum L. var. arvense Poir.) vodi poreklo iz bliskoistočnog i mediteranskog centra diverziteta, odakle se brzo proširio u svim pravcima, posebno u Evropu, severnu Afriku i centralnu Aziju. Stočni grašak je istovremeno i jedna od prvih odomaćenih biljnih vrsta, s arheološkim ostacima u Siriji starim oko deset hiljada godina. Zajedno sa sočivom, bobom i nekoliko vrsta strnina, grašak je bio jedan od najranijih useva u Evropi, nakon poslednjeg ledenog doba. Stočni grašak se, u zavisnosti od dela biljke koji se koristi, deli na krmni i proteinski. Krmni grašak se odlikuje bujnom nadzemnom biomasom, kosi se u fazi punog cvetanja i obrazovanja prvih mahuna, i koristi celokupan nadzemni deo biljke. Krmni grašak može da se gaji kao čist usev ili češće u smeši sa potpornim usevom (strnim žitima). S druge strane, proteinski grašak, takođe poznat i kao grašak za suvo zrno, gaji se isključivo radi zrelog zrna bogatog proteinima i gaji se kao čist usev. Verzija na engleskom [http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/2447] Verzija na mađarskom [http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/3137]

The experimental trial was established in the experimental field of the IFVCNS, using completely randomized block design with three replications. The plot size was 5m2 and the seeding ratios was 50:50%. Pea +faba bean, pea + fenugreek and grass pea + white lupin were mixed together, and mechanically sown in rows at the same depth. A total of ten plants randomly chosen per plot in three replications were estimated for the yield components (the number of pods, number of seeds and seed weight per pod. The average number of pods (7.6/8.2), number of seeds (26.9/30.1) and seed weight (6g/7.2g) per pea plant in a mixture with faba bean and fenugreek was significantly higher than in sole crop, where the average number of pods was 5.2, number of seeds 19.2, and seed weight 4.7g. However, in the same mixture the average number of pods (12.3/13.8) and seeds (29.7/57.7) per faba bean and fenugreek plants were significantly higher than in intercrop. Moreover, the fenugreek had the significantly higher seed weight (0.9g) in mixtures than in a sole crop. The sole crops of grass pea and white lupin had the significantly higher number of pods (18.5/9.2), seeds (44.1/29) and seed weight (7.25/13.2) then in mixture.

One of the most important problems in establishing perennial legumes are weeds in the stages of the early growth and development of a perennial legume. Field pea is a short term, annual crop and can reduce weed invasion, and also it can provide increased forage yield in the first cut in the first year. The goal of this study was to examine the potential of intercropping field pea with perennial legumes for forage production. The trial with three replications was carried out at Experimental Field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad at Rimski Šančevi in 2015. Alfalfa and red clover were the under sown crops, and field pea was the companion crop. Control variants were pure stand of alfalfa and red clover and their mixture with oat. At the harvestable stage of pea, forage yield (t ha-1) and weed proportion (%) were monitored.

A takarmányborsó (Pisum sativum L. var. arvense Poir.) a diverzitás közel-keleti és mediterráni központjából származik, ahonnan nagyon gyorsan elterjedt a világon, különösen Európában, Észak-Afrikában és Közép-Ázsiában. A takarmányborsó ugyanakkor egyike az első háziasított növényfajtáknak, amiről a mintegy 10.000 éves szíriai régészeti leleltek is tanúskodnak. Az utolsó jégkorszakot követően a lencsével, a lóbabbal és néhány kalászos gabonafajtával együtt a borsó az egyik legrégebbi haszonnövény Európában. A takarmányborsót, a növény hasznosítási részétől függően, takarmány- és protein-borsóba sorolhatjuk. A takarmányborsó föld feletti buja zöld tömegével, biomasszájával tűnik ki, amit teljes virágzásban és az első hüvelyek megjelenésének szakaszában kaszálnak, s a növény teljes föld feletti része felhasználásra kerül. A takarmányborsó tiszta vetésben termeszthető, vagy gyakrabban támasznövénnyel (kalászos gabonával) keverve. A protein-borsó ismert mint száraz szemtermésként felhasználható borsó, melyet kizárólag fehérjékben gazdag érett magjáért tiszta vetésben termesztenek. English version [http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/2447] Serbian version [http://fiver.ifvcns.rs/handle/123456789/2445]

Nedostatak dovoljnih količina kvalitetne kabaste stočne hrane danas je verovatno najveći problem u ishrani preživara. Kabasta hraniva se karakterišu time što imaju veći udeo vlakana (iznad 18% sirove celuloze), voluminozna su i u osnovi predstavljaju vegetativni deo različitih biljnih vrsta. Zastupljenost dostupne (svarljive) energije u ovim hranivima je niža po jedinici mase ili zapremine nego kod koncentrata. Kvalitet kabastih hraniva uslovljen je ponajviše biološkom pripadnošću krmne kulture i fazom razvića. Svi sistemi normiranja obroka u ishrani preživara polaze od toga da dobro izbalansiran obrok omogućuje da životinje bolje konzumiraju i iskoriste hranu. Trave i leguminoze su osnovna kabasta hraniva i čine 2/3 suve materije obroka. Ako se koriste na pravi način, ova kabasta hraniva su veoma dobar izvor proteina, karotina, kalcijuma i drugih minerala.

Our intention was to give a very rough draft of 1) our contemporary knowledge on various aspects of the hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) biodiversity, 2) most important aspects of breeding this crop for forage, grain and biomass yield and ornamental purposes and 3) innovative approaches in its agronomy, such as intercropping with other legumes.