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In this work, the experimental values of dielectric constant and acoustical parameters for binary mixture (benzene + diethylamine) and hybrid CuO nanofluid (CuO + diethylamine + benzene) were studied for various molar fraction from 0.01 to 0.06 M with different temperatures ranging from 298 to 318 K. Molecular interaction depends on the concentration, inclusion of CuO nanoparticles and temperature. FTIR analyses also revealed that despite the rise in temperature, no bond breakdown between the molecules is found. The results demonstrate that the weak interaction due to van der Waals forces exist between the unlike molecules due to dipole-induced dipole interactions.

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the durability properties of metakaolin (MK) and bottom ash (BA) blended geopolymer under different environmental exposure. The blended geopolymer concrete (GPC) was prepared with sodium based alkaline activators under ambient curing temperature. The concentration of sodium hydroxide used was 8 M. The ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide was kept as 2.0. The performance of blended geopolymer concrete was compared with conventional concrete (CC). The test results reveal that blended geopolymer concrete develops a better performance against sulphate and acid resistance. Also, MK-BA GPC shows enhanced performance over the conventional concrete in terms of sorptivity, rapid chloride and water absorption.

Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) flux were added during the combustion synthesis of Y2SiO5:Dy3+ (9 mol %) nanophosphors, which influenced its structure, morphology and thermoluminescent properties. Reduction in the crystallite size to ~ 7 nm observed using XRD analysis. Surface morphology enhanced in terms of its texture. Thermoluminescence analysis of the prepared phosphors irradiated with gamma dose over a range of 500 Gy – 4 KGy at a constant heating rate 3 ºC s–1 have been carried out. Kinetic parameters were evaluated by Chens method and activation energy was found to be 1.01-1.3 eV. Flux addition resulted in creation of large number of charge carriers and hence the material become the potential for dosimetry applications.

Polymer nanocomposites which possess outstanding antimicrobial efficacies are potential materials for food packaging applications. Amidst the several biodegradable synthetic polymers, Polyvinyl alcohol exhibits excellent biocompatibility and are very economical. A new hybrid composite based on Polyvinyl alcohol with GO and reduced rGO with Potassium Chloride as salt spacer was synthesized using solvent cast method. The antibacterial activity of the prepared films was explored against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 7903) Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) Campylobacter jejuni (ATCC 29428) Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538). The antifungal activity was studied against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) Trichodermaharzianum (ATCC 90237) Aspergillus Niger (ATCC 6275). Polymer nanocomposite with GO as dispersant (4 wt%) have shown inhibitory activity with respect to P. aeruginosa, E. coli and C. jejuni. Polymer nanocomposite with rGO as dispersant (4 wt%) have inhibitory activity against E. coli, C. albicans and against P. aeruginosa using well diffusion method.

Scrub Typhus, a human febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is common in Asia and infects persons those visiting the endemic areas. Scrub typhus is a zoonotic infection. It is transmitted by a trombiculid mite which introduces the bacteria by its bite. Scrub typhus is associated with maculopapular rashes and local and/or generalised lymphadenopathy.It is characterised by eschar at the site of the bite. A child with doxycycline-resistant scrub typhus is being presented here. A 10-year-old female child was bought to the hospital with complaints of fever for six days, cough for three days, loose stools for two days, and vomiting for one day duration. S1 and S2 sounds were heard while bilateral vesicular breath sounds were normal. There was no hepatosplenomegaly and Central Nervous System (CNS) examination showed no focal neurologic deficits. Investigations showed a normal leukocyte count and Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC), microcytic hypochromic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, and elevated liver enzymes. Scrub Immunoglobulin M (IgM) was positive. Chest radiograph showed a bell-shaped chest with vertical straightening of ribs. The child was started on intravenous (i.v.) fluids, Doxycycline 4 mg/kg, and paracetamol. The child continued to spike fever at day 6 of Doxycycline and hence was started on Azithromycin 10 mg/kg, following which the fever subsided and the child was discharged.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the flexural behavior of self compacting self curing concrete (SCSCC) beams using lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LECA) and fly ash aggregates (FAA). The light weight aggregates used in this experimental investigation are high porous and water absorption capacity; so that the water required for self curing is taken from the water which is held in the internal pores of the aggregates. Self curing by the addition of lightweight fine aggregate under saturated surface dry (SSD) condition enhances the strength & durability of the concrete and it maintains saturated condition with in the hydrating cement paste. The fine aggregate was replaced by LECA/FAA by 0% to 20% at 5% interval in volume basis. The flexural behavior of self compacting self curing concrete in hardened state was carried to assess the feasibility of the study. The reinforced concrete beams of effective size 1200 mm x120 mm x180 mm and reinforced with High Yield Strength Deformed (HYSD) bars are casted and tests were performed in loading frame. The load deflection behavior, moment carrying capacity and ductility ratio of beams are found and the test results indicate that the 15% replacement of fine aggregate by LECA/FAA achieved higher moment carrying capacity and ductility ratio.

Low temperature solution combustion synthesized Cr3+(1- 4 mol%) doped Mg2SiO4 nanoparticles were analyzed by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. PXRD profile shows the samples are crystalline.FTIR spectra show MgO6 octahedral and Si-O bending and stretching modes.It was observed that, CV show excellent semi rectangular shaped voltammograms due to the oxidation reduction reactions and the reversibility of the reaction which suits for electric double layer capacitance.Charge transfer resistance (Rct) was found to be 10 Ωindicates the better electron transfer from one phase to another.

This paper presents a study on the use of alkali-activated metakaolin (MK) and Bottom Ash (BA) blend in geopolymer concrete. A preliminary attempt was made on alkali-activated metakaolin and bottom ash-based geopolymer (MK–BA-GPM) mortar with river sand as fine aggregate to find a suitable mix to produce geopolymer concrete (GPC). The liquid alkaline activator is a combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution. The molarity of NaOH was 8 M. Molar ratio of Na2O and SiO2 was 2, and ambient curing mode was selected. Also, M30 grade control concrete was made using OPC and cured in water. Further, GPC and control concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength, split tensile, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Also, XRD, SEM and EDAX studies were carried out to analyse element/mineral compounds present and the microstructure and morphological characteristics of GPC to substantiate the strength development. MK–BA GPC demonstrated 49% higher compressive strength than that of control concrete at 28 days. More so, the early as well as later strength gain of GPC was remarkably higher than that of OPC. Strength was due to densification of microstructure over a period of time and due to the formation of additional crystalline phases in geopolymer concrete.

Static and transient state analysis related to fluorescence quenching of heterocyclic compound namely 3-Hydroxy-3-[2-oxo-2-(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-2-yl)-ethyl]-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one [3HBCD] in Toluene (nonpolar) and Butanol (polar protic) reveals the play of material diffusion in quenching mechanism. Time resolved method is used in Toluene a nonpolar solvent to further support the theory of material diffusion. Aniline is used as quencher to carry out the quenching studies. In both steady and transient state linear SV plots are observed with intercept ≈ 1. Correlation in the activation energy in both study state and transient state (Ea and E’a) suggests efficient quenching. Also calculated values of p (or p’) and the activation energies points that material diffusion has predominant role in quenching. This study help engineer the structure of new family of coumarin drugs with selective sensitivity which is of utmost importance in the field of chemistry and pharmaceutical industry.

A brain tumour occurs when abnormal cells increase in the brain. Non-cancerous (Benign) brain tumours include astrocytoma, glioblastoma, and oligodendroglioma. Cancerous (Malignant) brain tumours include craniopharyngioma and ependymoma. The survival rate of a patient with a high risk of developing a brain tumour is difficult to estimate due to the limited occurrence of brain tumours and their assortment. About 15 out of every 100 persons with brain cancer will have a chance of survival for ten or more years after being diagnosed, according to the UK study. The sort of tumour, how abnormal the cells are, and where it is in the brain all influence how the patient will be treated for brain tumour. Advances in machine learning are utilised to accurately diagnose the brain tumour by analysing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) pictures. The classification of brain tumours has a significant impact on clinical diagnosis and on providing the most appropriate treatment. The current practise of making a diagnosis and classifying brain tumours still depends on microscopic study of biopsy samples. At now, the process is lengthy, complex, and error-prone. While these drawbacks illustrate how important it is to have a completely automated classification process for many classifications of brain tumours, deep learning offers an even better alternative. This paper presents a brief survey on several models for brain tumour detection using deep learning techniques.

Pervious concrete is essentially used to reduce stormwater runoff and local floods. It requires regular maintenance because it is highly prone to clogging by particulate matters. Clogging is defined as a reduction in hydraulic conductivity that drastically reduces the permeability into the subgrade. A study using permeability as a key parameter was carried out to measure the infiltration characteristics of pervious concrete containing various binders and different sizes of coarse aggregates namely 6.3 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm and 12.5 mm. The binders such as Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), Fly ash based Geopolymer (GP) and Fly ash—Lime-Gypsum (FaL-G) were used. The results indicated that pervious concrete made with aforesaid binders showcased adequate infiltration properties that satisfied the requirements of pervious concrete. Furthermore, clogging effect study was performed in GP binder pervious concrete by applying flowing water containing mud to determine worst-case scenario percentage for clogging. The worst-case silt percentage in water to cause clogging was found to be 8.26%, 9.21%, 9.84% and 10.16%. The test results indicated that increasing of clogging material in the water significantly reduces the permeability.

V2O5 nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasound-assisted method and characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. XRD pattern revealed an orthorhombic V2O5 phase with an average crystallite size of 5...

TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a microwave-assisted green method using Andrographis paniculata as fuel. XRD, Raman, FESEM with EDS, TEM and UV-DRS have been used for characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD exhibits a tetragonal structure with the average crystallite size of 19 nm. From Raman studies, the peaks at 196 (Eg), 395 (B1g), 514 (A1g) and 639 (Eg) are revealing the anatase phase of TiO2. FESEM and TEM images confirm the nanoparticles with average particle size are 25 nm. Optical bandgap of biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles is 3.27 eV. Photoluminescence spectrum of TiO2 nanoparticles showed blue and green emissions. The photocatalytic degradation study of biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated against the Rose Bengal (RB) dye under UV light irradiation. Microwave-assisted green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles showed an excellent photocatalytic activity (RB dye). Antibacterial activity (disc diffusion method) of microwave-assisted biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles is studied against foodborne pathogens. TiO2 exhibits anti-lung cancer (human lung cancer A549: IC50: 24.96 µg/mL) activity along with biocompatibility.

This chapter consists of systematic synthesis of magnesium silicate nanoparticles by solution combustion method using ODH fuel. Compared to other fuels, ODH has the better advantages of obtaining crystalline nanomaterials without post calcinations. By doping different rare earth ions to magnesium silicate, the product can be used for luminescent applications. Synthesis of magnesium ferrite nanoparticle is done using molten salt method followed by the synthesis of polymer composite in the form of fibers by the process of electrospinning.

Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized many sectors like healthcare, agriculture, finance, computer vision, ecommerce, social media, data security, and education. AI plays a vital role in the health sector, like detecting, diagnosing, predicting diseases in advance to reduce the suffering and mortality rate. Besides, application of AI techniques improves hospital management and detection of health insurance fraud. With increased automation in the medical sector, advancements in image acquisition devices and availability of personal wearable devices at affordable cost, voluminous data are being generated. Deep learning techniques can leverage this big data with powerful Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) based systems to analyze and detect hidden patterns in the data and gain insights. Deep learning techniques can learn features from big data sets to get insights that will assist doctors in early diagnosis and treatment. Medical data analysis faces many challenges like limited data availability due to privacy issues, unbalanced data sets for diseases like cancer and rare disease, unavailability of specialists for labeling the data, variation in the experts’ opinion in decision making, variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle of individuals. This chapter discusses the techniques for dealing with the challenges of medical data processing. It also presents the AI techniques for identifying and predicting different types of cancer, diabetes, cardiac, and rare diseases at an early stage using data sets of different formats like clinical data, gene expression data, and medical images. The chapter includes the sections that discuss the methods to deal with unbalanced, small, and high-dimensional data sets, data and label denoising methods, and feature representation learning using neural networks.

Rare-earth doped metal oxide nanocomposites were become very unique and tend to show abundant performance in all types of fields such as electrochemical, photocatalytic, and biological. Gadolinium and Samarium co-doped ceria i.e., Ce1−xGd1−yO2−δ-Ce1−x Sm−yO2−δ [x = 0.2, y = 0.8] nanocomposite was synthesized by co-precipitation method for various applications. The formation of fluorite cubic crystal structure was observed and functional group analysis was revealed by XRD and FTIR correspondingly. SEM with EDAX was revealed the morphological and chemical composition analysis of the prepared nanocomposite. Impedance studies were completed at particular conditions and proved as a suitable electrolyte for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) applications.

A descriptive study to assess the risk factors of obesity among housewives residing at selected community,setting in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu. The objectives were to assess the risk factors of obesity amongthe housewives to find out the association between assess the risk factors of obesity and selected demographicdata of obesity among the house wives. A non – experimental, descriptive study was conducted.The sampling technique was non-probability, purposive sampling technique with the sample of 30housewives among obesity and Structured questionnaires (SQ) in the form was used to the assess therisk factors obesity among housewives. The variables were assessed the assess the risk factors of obesityamong housewives. Hypotheses were formulated. The level of significance selected was p

In the present work, NiO nanoparticles based on Andrographis paniculata (leaf extract) were prepared through the microwave-assisted method. The obtained nanoparticles were analyzed using XRD, FTIR,...

CdO–ZnO–MgO nanocomposite was synthesized by the microwave-assisted method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, FESEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and TEM. XRD revealed the existence of the CdO (cubic)–ZnO (hexagonal)–MgO (cubic) structure with an average crystallite size of CdO (33 nm), ZnO (35 nm), MgO (30 nm) and also the dislocation density is evaluated. FTIR confirmed the presence of Cd–O, Zn–O and Mg–O by characteristic vibrational peaks at 863, 566 and 693 cm− 1. The surface morphological (FESEM and TEM) images appear the agglomerated rod-like structure. From the UV–Vis spectra, the bandgap is estimated as 2.67 eV. The prepared nanocomposite acts as an excellent photocatalyst for the removal of both dyes (Methylene blue and Congo red) under solar light irradiation. The antibacterial activity was carried out at different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/ml) in vitro against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi (G −ve); Bacillus subtilis (G +ve) bacteria. The zone of inhibition of 25 mm has a high antibacterial activity towards the gram-negative bacterium (P. vulgaris).

In this study, SnO2 has been synthesized using Andrographis Paniculata (A. Paniculata) by microwave-assisted method. It is also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscop...

Organic single crystal of l-histidinium l-tartrate hemihydrate was grown by slow solvent evaporation method using a cationic precursor (l-histidine), an anionic precursor (l-tartaric acid) and water as a solvent. The compound crystallizes in non-centrosymmetric space group, C2 of monoclinic structure. The nature of co-ordination and the vibrational assignments of the compound were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Optical, fluorescence and NLO studies were performed on the grown crystal to reveal the optical behaviour. Thermal stability of the crystal was investigated using thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and the kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E), enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and Gibb’s free energy of activation (ΔG) was obtained using Coats–Redfern relation. The grown crystal was subjected to dielectric studies for different frequency and temperature. The Vicker’s micro hardness test was carried away to test the mechanical stability and to detect the hardness parameters. The growth pattern of the grown crystal was analyzed using etches pit surface patterns with water.

An attempt has been made in the present work to study the effect of type of coarse aggregate on the strength properties and fracture energy of M30, M50 and M80 grade of concretes. The aggregate used in this study includes Grey Granite (GG), Anorthosite (AS) Charnockite (CK) Limestone, (LS) and Gneiss (GS). The result shows that the strength of concrete is greatly influenced by the aggregate types in high strength concrete. However, the aggregate has not impacted the Normal Strength Concrete as the strength is governed by the characteristics of interfacial transition zone, rather than aggregate. Among all aggregates, the Grey Granite aggregate has produced concrete with highest compressive strength followed by Anorthosite, Charnockite, Limestone and Gneiss indicating that the surface texture, structure and mineralogical composition played a dominant role. The similar trend was noticed even in fracture energy and modulus of elasticity of high strength concrete.

This work intends to investigate the superior properties of Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid Cadmium Chloride Hydrate (PCCH) that was grown by the slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The crystalline nature of PCCH was found by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The optical behaviour of the grown crystal was unveiled by using UV-vis-NIR. The refractive index of the crystal was measured experimentally using Metricon prism coupler for the first time. The z-scan measurement was taken to explore the third harmonic generation efficiency of the grown crystal for the first time. The structural imperfections were analyzed by performing the etching studies on the grown crystal. The first attempt of antibacterial activity of this crystal was carried at different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL) in-vitro against Staphylococcus epidermis (G + Ve); Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera (G–Ve) bacteria. These studies established that PCCH crystals might find useful applications in the field of biomedical and nonlinear optics.

Semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal Calcium5-Sulfosalicylate (CA5SS) was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The cell parameters and molecular structure of the grown crystal were studied by single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. The presence of various functional groups of the grown crystal was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) analysis. UV–Visible spectrum shows that CA5SS crystals have high transmittance in the range of 330–900 nm. The refractive index, birefringence and transient photoluminescence properties of the grown crystal were analyzed. The frequency doubling of the grown crystal (CA5SS) were studied and compared with that of KDP.

Quality crystals of 4-Methoxy Anilinium 5-Sulfo Salicylate (4MA5SS) were grown with the dimension of 9 mm × 6 mm × 3 mm from ethanol solution by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The cell parameters and crystal structure studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. FTIR spectroscopic studies were carried out to confirm the functional groups and vibrational modes present in the grown crystals. The linear optical properties of the grown crystal were studied from the UV–Vis spectrum. The surface laser damage threshold for the grown crystal was measured using Nd:YAG laser. Further, Vickers micro-hardness study was carried out to analyze the mechanical strength of the grown crystals for various loads. The dielectric measurements of this crystal in the frequency region from 50 Hz to 5 MHz showed that the material can be used for optical application.

The present study examines some durability aspects of ambient cured bottom ash geopolymer concrete (BA GPC) due to accelerated corrosion, sorptivity, and water absorption. The bottom ash geopolymer concrete was prepared with sodium based alkaline activators under ambient curing temperatures. The sodium hydroxide used concentration was 8M. The performance of BA GPC was compared with conventional concrete. The test results indicate that BA GPC developes a strong passive layer against chloride ion diffusion and provides better protection against corrosion. Both the initial and final rates of water absorption of BA GPC were about two times less than those of conventional concrete. The BA GPC significantly enhanced performance over equivalent grade conventional concrete (CC).

Good quality single crystals of organic nonlinear optical material l-proline 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (LPDCBA) were synthesized and grown by slow evaporation technique. The lattice parameters and space group were determined using single crystal XRD analysis. The optical absorbance and the lower cut-off wavelength of the LPDCBA were identified by UV–VIS–NIR studies. The modes of vibrations of different molecular groups present in the sample were identified by the FTIR spectral analysis. Dielectric measurement of LPDCBA were carried out at different frequencies. Thermal stability of LPDCBA were determined by TGA/DTA measurements. Laser induced damage threshold study was carried out for the grown crystal using Nd:YAG laser. The second harmonic generation efficiency were found to be 1.66 times greater than that of KDP.

Pervious concrete can be described as a porous concrete which permits the penetration of water through the interconnected network of pores. In general, pervious concrete is produced using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as binder, and being used for pedestrian path, parking lots and has many other applications. In this paper Fly ash-Lime-Gypsum (FaL-G) binder has been used as a binder and studies have been carried out for physical, mechanical and other relevant properties with various sizes of coarse aggregates. The results are compared with the pervious concrete made out of OPC binder. The test results are presented and discussed elaborately. It is found that FaL-G binder pervious concrete satisfies the requirements laid down by codal provisions.

Good-quality new single crystals of 4-methylpyridinium 4-nitrobenzoate were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature using methanol as solvent. The structure of the c...

A novel third-nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, piperazine-1,4-diium bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoate) (abbreviated as PBDCB) was successfully synthesized and grown good quality crystal by slow evaporation solution growth technique by methanol as a solvent at room temperature. The formation of the grown crystal was carried out by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The analysis of a single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the title compound was crystallized in the monoclinic system with centrosymmetric space group P21/c and thereof lattice parameter are a = 11.166(6) A, b = 8.160(5) A, c = 12.085(6) A, β= 113.18(3)°, Z = 4. Crystallographic studies also reveal that the molecules are linked via N—H···O and C—H···Cl hydrogen bonds. Pairs of intermolecular N—H···O hydrogen bonds generate R44(12) ring motifs. The powder X-ray diffraction study was completed and the peaks were indexed. UV–Vis spectral studies were revealed that the grown crystal is transparent in the entire visible region with a lower cut off the wavelength of 286 nm. The optical band gap of the title compound was measured by Tauc's plot method, and it was obtained to be 3.9 eV, which shows suitable applications of the optoelectronic device. In the photoluminescence study, the grown crystal was revealed violet emission radiation, and thereof peak has appeared at 312 nm. The functional groups of the grown crystal have been determined by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy technique. In thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) analysis, the title material was determined as thermally as stable up to 163 °C. The Vickers Microhardness test ascertained the mechanical properties of the grown crystal material, and it belongs to a soft material category. The dielectric measurements of the developed crystal material were also ascertained at various frequencies. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and A.C. the conductivity of title material was studied with different frequencies and temperatures. The laser damage threshold (LDT) of the grown crystal was then calculated by using Nd: YAG laser. The grown crystal has given the measured (LDT) value of 8.97 GW/cm2. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties characteristics, such as absorption coefficient (β ~ 0.02 × 10−4 cm/W), the refractive index (n2 ~ 4.06 × 10−8 cm2/W), and their susceptibility range values of (χ(3) ~ 2.17 × 10−6esu) of the grown crystal was estimated by Z-scan technique, suggests that the grown crystal material PBDCB was served as a promising source for nonlinear optical devices.

This work aims at investigating the undoped Glycinium Oxalate (GO) and Manganese doped Glycinium Oxalate (Mn:GO) single crystals that were prepared via slow evaporation method. The single crystals grown were characterized for its structural, vibrational, optical, topographical, electrical and mechanical properties. Single and Powder X-ray diffraction suggests that the grown crystals are crystallized in the monoclinic structure. The functional groups and the effect of moisture on the undoped and doped GO crystals can be analyzed with the help of FTIR spectrum. The undoped and doped GO single crystal shows low absorption in the entire visible and IR region, which is suitable for optical device applications. The emission of green light with the use of Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) confirmed the second harmonic generation properties of the grown crystals. Dielectric measurements were carried to the wide range of frequency (50 Hz–5 MHz) at different temperatures. The determined Vickers hardness number and work hardening coefficient of the grown crystals ascertains the soft nature of the crystal.

This paper presents a comparative study on performance of conventional PI controller and fuzzy controller on three phase, three wire voltage source inverter based shunt active filter that is used to compensate the harmonics currents drawn by non-linear loads in distribution systems. Hysteresis PWM method is used to generate the pulses to the switches used in active filter. The compensation is based on PLL method of fundamental current extraction. The nonlinear load taken into account is a three phase diode bridge rectifier.

This paper reports the experimental findings to predict the practicability of using treated textile effluents as alternative to fresh water in mixing concrete. Potable water was replaced with four stages of effluents in the textile effluent treatment process (ETP) namely, collection tank water (CTW), Anaerobic outlet water (AOW), Tertiary clarifier water (TCW), Reverse osmosis feed water (ROFW). The chemical compositions of the treated effluents were investigated. Concrete specimens were assessed with hold to setting time, workability, compressive strength and split tensile strength. The specimens made with AOW attained higher strength than the specimens made with potable water. It was noticed that the compressive strength was increased by 26.15 % for AOW in comparison with PW at the age of 28 days. It can be concluded that AOW can be used as an alternate to freshwater for mixing concrete.

The sub-micron (of the order of 150 nm) thick core–shell composite fibers of magnesium ferrite-polyvinylidene fluoride are prepared by electrospinning. The loading of magnesium ferrite is varied from 1 to 10 wt%. The study results by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and infra-red spectroscopy indicate the formation of core–shell structure and an enhancement in the amount of β-phase compared to α-phase in the polyvinylidene fluoride. The particle size of the magnesium ferrite in the fiber is evaluated to be 30 nm. The low frequency dielectric studies indicate that the addition of the magnesium ferrite increases the polarization resulting in the increase in the dielectric constant but decreases the dielectric loss. The magnetization measurements indicate an increased value of coercivity compared to bulk due to the nano-size of the magnesium ferrite. The microwave absorption at the ferromagnetic resonance increases with the increase in the concentration of magnesium ferrite. The resonance field is found to vary with the loading of MFO.

Metal-organic Zinc (Tris) Thiourea Chloride (ZTTC) crystal was grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The unit cell parameters and the crystalline nature were revealed from the X-ray diffraction studies. The presence of various functional groups was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The optical behavior of the grown crystal was examined by UV–vis-NIR, NLO and fluorescence studies. The thermal properties of the crystal have been investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DSC). Dielectric studies for various frequencies and temperature were carried out to the as grown crystal. The mechanical strength of the crystal was studied using Vickers microhardness tester. The structural imperfection of the grown crystal was examined by etching studies. The antibacterial activity was carried out at different concentrations (25–100 µg/mL) in-vitro against Bacillus subtilis (G+Ve); Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri (G-Ve). Moreover, the prepared ZTTC crystal will be applicable electro-optic device and pharmaceutical applications.

This work investigates the various properties of (Hexakis) Thiocarbamide Nickel (II) Nitrate (HTNN) single crystal grown by slow evaporation of mixed ethanol and deionized water solvent at room temperature. The cell parameters and the crystalline nature of the grown crystal were revealed by X-ray diffraction studies. The antibacterial activity of the HTNN crystal was studied in-vitro against gram +ve species (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram –ve species (Escherichia coli, Aeromonas spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) with different concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 µg/mL. The grown crystal was subjected to FTIR and UV–vis-NIR studies to identify its various functional groups and optical behaviour. The dielectric studies were performed with the grown crystal for different frequencies and temperature. The melting point and different stages of decomposition of the HTNN crystal were confirmed by using the thermal analysis. The growth mechanism and mechanical strength of the crystal were found from etching and microhardness studies.

In a preliminary effort to deal with the present fresh water demand in the construction industry, this article examines the potential reuse of textile effluent as mixing water in making fly ash concrete. The effluents were collected from a textile industry at different stages of treatment, such as Collection Tank Effluent, Effluent after Anaerobic Treatment (EAT), Tertiary Treatment Effluent, and Reverse Osmosis Feed Effluent. The collected effluent samples have been analyzed to establish physicochemical characteristics and their effects on the properties of concrete, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. Higher salt content in effluent mix water significantly increased the final setting time of the binder. Furthermore, the workability of the concrete made with effluent mix water is relatively higher than that of the control concrete mix. Also, concrete mixes made with textile effluent mix water demonstrated greater strength than that of the control concrete. Furthermore, EAT mixes have exhibited maximum compressive strength compared with other mixes and also had superior durability compared with the control concrete mix. The higher strength can be attributed to the nucleation effect caused by the presence of a high concentration of total solids in the effluent. However, this concrete can be recommended for applications of plain cement concrete, such as pavements, industrial floors, and curbs/gutters.

A 6–18 GHz wideband frequency synthesizer with 100 kHz frequency resolution using hybrid Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) and Phase Locked Loop (PLL) architecture is presented in this paper. The DDS is used as a reference to the PLL multiplier to extend the frequency range. To achieve fast frequency switching from the overall architecture the PLL is optimized with wide loop bandwidth. But the compromise in doing so is the insufficient rejection of the high close-in DDS spurs by the loop filter. A low spurious noise is achieved in this design by avoiding the bands of DDS frequencies with close-in spurs less than the PLL loop bandwidth using alternate DDS frequencies and consecutive PLL division ratios. Maximum switching time of 6 us and spur levels less than −50 dBc is achieved from the developed module. This module can be used as frequency-agile Local Oscillator (LO) in wideband microwave receivers.