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Povrće je važan deo ljudske ishrane jer ono prvenstveno sadrži materije korisne za ljudsko zdravlje kao što su: vitamini, minerali, biljna vlakna, antioksidansi, organske kiseline i dr. U svetu je poznato oko hiljadu vrsta povrća, od kojih se gaji oko 150, a najširu upotrebu ima 30-50 vrsta, koliko je zastupljeno u ishrani u Srbiji (Gvozdanovic-Varga i sar., 2016). U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad do sada je stvoreno više od 50 sorti povrća priznatih u zemlji i delom u inostranstvu. Sortiment povrća Odeljenja za povrtarske i alternativne biljne vrste čine nove sorte povrća, kao i odomaćene sorte, te se proizvodi seme 27 povrtarskih vrsta i 10 vrsta cveća. Pored rada na novim sortama povrća koje se odlikuju visokim prinosom, vodilo se računa da sorte svojim izgledom i ukusom zadovoljavaju zahteve probirljivog tržišta i da su prilagođene našim agroklimatskim uslovima (Gvozdenovic i sar., 2008). Zadatak ovog rada je da se prikažu karakteristike novopriznatih sorti povrća, koje su dobijene kao rezultat višegodišnjeg rada, u cilju zadovoljenja potreba proizvođača i potrošača za novim, atraktivnim i kvalitetnim sortama povrtarskih vrsta.

Downy and powdery mildew are economically important diseases in all cultivated plant species. Pathogens Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Erysiphe cichoracearum are one of the limiting factors of successful melon production in agro-ecological conditions of Serbia. Cultivation of less susceptible and resistant genotypes against pathogens is the basis for successful melon production. Consequently, 30 melon genotypes were tested against the causative agent of downy mildew P. cubensis in the fi eld conditions. Also, the susceptibility of 4 lines originating from Ananas melon against causative agents of powdery mildew S. fuliginea and E. cichoracearum in greenhouse was determined. The lowest susceptibility to P. cubensis was expressed in the melon genotypes D11, D7, D13 in the fi rst and D30 in the second evaluation. The highest susceptibility to the mentioned pathogen was expressed in 8 genotypes in the fi rst and 15 genotypes in the second evaluation. In terms of the susceptibility of the tested lines to causative agent of powdery mildew, line A 2/1 was found as most resistant, and line A 3/4 as the most susceptible. Prouzrokovači plamenjače i pepelnice predstavljaju ekonomski značajna oboljenja na svim gajenim biljnim vrstama. Patogeni Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Sphaerotheca fuliginea i Erysiphe cichoracearum predstavljaju jedan od ograničavajućih faktora uspešne proizvodnje dinje u agroekološkim uslovima Srbije. Gajenje manje osetljivih i otpornih genotipova dinje prema patogenima, predstavlja osnovu uspešne proizvodnje. Shodno tome testirano je 30 genotipova dinje prema prouzrokovaču plamenjače vrežastih biljaka P. cubensis u uslovima prirodne infekcije na otvorenom polju. Takođe, utvrđena je i osetljivost 4 linije poreklom iz Ananas dinje prema prouzrokovačima pepelnica S. fuliginea i E. cichoracearum u zaštićenom prostoru. Najmanju osetljivost prema P. cubensis ispoljili su genotipovi dinje D11, D7, D13 u prvoj i D30 u drugoj oceni. Najveću osetljivost prema pomenutom patogenu ispoljilo je 8 genotipova u prvoj i 15 genotipova u drugoj oceni. U pogledu osetljivosti ispitivanih linija prema prouzrokovaču pepelnice, linija A 2/1 izdvojila se kao najtolerantnija, odnosno linija A 3/4 kao najosetljivija.

In recent decades the importance of tomato considered as “functional food” is reflected in the rising trend of harvested areas and consumption per capita. During three consecutive years (2010-2012) at experimental fields in Rimski Šančevi near Novi Sad, five landraces, four old varieties, eight breeding lines and three commercial cultivars were chosen for the investigation. Following fruit characteristics were analyzed: average weight (g), length (cm), width (cm), pericarp thickness (mm), locule number, moisture content (%), total soluble solids (°Brix), ash content (%), total acidity (%) and pH value. For the most fruit characteristics high variability was determined. Four principal components explained 90,6% of total variance or 36.5%, 24.2%, 19.8% and 10.1, respectively. Along the axis of the first main component, genotypes were classified into three groups. The objective of this study was to classify 20 tomato genotypes based on physical and chemical traits and to segregate perspective genotypes for improvement of tomato quality by breeding programs.

Paprika se od povrtarskih vrsta (bez krompira) u 2015. godini nalazi na prvom mestu po površinama u Srbiji sa 14.845 ha, a njena raznovrsnost plodova je dovela do velikog broja različitih prerađevina. U različitim regionima Srbije potrošači su navikli da konzumiraju plodove paprika različitog oblika, veličine i boje. U radu će biti navedeni samo najznačajniji faktori u proizvodnji paprike.

Proizvodnju povrća, intenzivnu, kompleksnu granu biljne proizvodnje odlikuje više načina gajenja većeg broja biološki i genetski različitih vrsta. Povrće se u Srbiji gaji na oko 130 hiljada hektara, sa godišnjim variranjem površina od nekoliko desetina hiljada hektara. Danas se proizvodnja povrća odvija u okviru tajmirane njivske proizvodnje namenjene različitim oblicima prerade, zatim njivske proizvodnje za svežu pijacu, kao i intenzivne baštenske proizvodnje u okviru profitne (robne) porodične i neprofitne (za sopstvene potrebe) porodične proizvodnje. Tradicionalno baštensko gajenje je zastupljeno sa oko 20% ukupnih površina pod povrćem.

The purpose of the study was to investigate variability source structure and contribution of particular traits in total variability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) germplasm collection. Plant material, belonging to the collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad included: 5 landraces, 10 old varieties, 10 breeding lines and 4 commercial varieties. The trial was set at the experimental fields of the Rimski Sančevi site, during 2010-2012. Observations were recorded on the first truss and following traits were analyzed: fruit length (FL) and width (FW), locules number (LN), pericarp thickness (P7), dry matter content (DM), average fruit weight (FWe), fruit yield per plot (FY/plot), number of fruits per plot (NF/plot), average fruit number per plant (FN/plant), number of days from germination to the beginning of maturity (ND). Principal Component Analysis was performed in statistical software STATISTICA 12.

The objective of this research was to assess genetic diversity using eight microsatellite markers in 30 tomato genotypes from the collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The SSR markers were selected from publicly available data and Solanaceae Genome Network database. Genotypes were grouped into three clusters, using Ward's hierarchical clustering method and Euclidean distance measure. Markers SSR248, TMS9, TMS42 and SSR111 had very high PIC (Polymorphism information content) values and can be recommended for the future studies. Paradajz (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) je jedna od povrtarskih vrsta najviše izučavanih na polju oplemenjivanja, genetike i genomike i jedna od 3000 iz familije Solanaceae (pomoćnice). Veličina genoma paradajza iznosi 950 Mbp, a sadrži 77% heterohromatina i 23% euhromatina (Peterson, Price, Johnston i Stack 1996). Iako je diverzitet njegovih prirodnih staništa veoma velik, znatan deo genetičke varijabilnosti paradajza je izgubljen u procesu domestifikacije i intenzivne veštačke selekcije. Cilj ovog istraživanja je procena genetičkog diverziteta 30 genotipova paradajza iz kolekcije Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu korišćenjem 8 mikrosatelitskih markera. SSR markeri su izabrani na osnovu objavljene naučne literature i Solanaceae Genome Network baze podataka. Markeri SSR 248, TMS 9, TMS 42 i SSR 111, kod kojih je utvrđena visoka PIC vrednost, mogu se preporučiti za buduća istraživanja.

Five local tomato populations and fourteen heirloom cultivars were analyzed in this study. The analyzed genotypes represent a part of tomato collection of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The following fruit and plant traits were analyzed: growth type, fruit color, fruit shape index, fruit weight, number of locules and dry matter content. Cluster analysis was performed so as to group the analyzed genotypes by homology and divergence. The aim of this article was to determine the importance of heirloom cultivars and local populations as sources of genetic variability in tomato breeding process. U ovom istraživanju je analizirano 5 lokalnih populacija i 14 starih sorti paradajza. Ispitivani genotipovi predstavljaju deo kolekcije paradajza Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Analizirane su sledeće osobine biljke i ploda: tip rasta, boja ploda, indeks oblika ploda, masa ploda, broj komora i sadržaj suve materije u plodu. Primenjena je analiza grupisanja (klaster analiza) u cilju grupisanja ispitivanih genotipova na osnovu sličnosti i razlika za ispitivana svojstva. Cilj rada je ispitivanje značaja starih sorti i lokalnih populacija kao izvora genetičke varijabilnosti u oplemenjivanju paradajza.

The Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has 51 newly developed, high-yielding vegetable cultivars, which can be grown in any of our country's vegetable-growing regions throughout the year and both indoors and outdoors. In addition to the newly developed cultivars and hybrids, the Institute produces the basic and commercial seeds and processes, tests for quality, packages and distributes domestic and domesticated cultivars alike. The Institute's offer of vegetables totals more than 90 cultivars of various vegetable species. Povrće ima veliki značaj u ishrani ljudi bilo da se koristi u svežem, prerađenom ili konzervisanom stanju, a pored toga ostvaruje visok dohodak po jedinici površine što obezbeđuje i visoku akumulaciju. Sortiment povrća Instituta možemo svrstati u dve grupe i to: odomaćene i domaće sorte i sortne populacije i novostvorene sorte i hibridi. Do sedamdesetih godina dvadesetog veka selekcija povrća, u Institutu, bazirala se na iskorišćavanju lokalnih populacija i stvaranju sorti individualnom selekcijom iz istih. Na taj način stvorene su sorte povrća, koje su dugi niz godina predstavljale osnovu povrtarske proizvodnje. Od sedamdesetih godina u stvaranju sorti povrća, primenjen je metod hibridizacije, odnosno metod kombinacijskog ukrštanja, što je dalo veću mogućnost u stvaranju sorti otpornijih na patogene, ranostasnijih, bolje aklimatizovane našim agroekološkim uslovima gajenja i boljeg iskorišćavanja genetskog potencijala rodnosti. U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo stvoreno je 51 sorta i hibrid od 14 različitih vrsta povrća, koje je Komisija za priznavanje sorti registrovala zaključno sa 2008. godinom. U Odeljenju za povrtarstvo se proizvodi seme 25 različitih povrtarskih vrsta, a u okviru njih se nalazi oko 90 novostvorenih ili odomaćenih sorti i hibrida.

Over the last ten years in Serbia, garlic has been produced on about 9,000 ha annually. Although this makes Serbia a major European producer of the crop in terms of area planted, the total production of garlic in the country is still very low. The increase of average yield and production of garlic in Serbia requires the introduction of modern varieties and the use of certified planting material. The present paper discusses the main biological characteristics of garlic, with special emphasis on the principles of planting material production. The advancement and expansion of garlic production in Serbia could make garlic one of the country's major exports to European markets. Proizvodnja belog luka u Srbiji u poslednjih deset godina se organizuje na oko 9000 ha, tako da smo prema zasađenim površinama značajni evropski proizvođači, ali ukupna produkcija je veoma niska. Da bi se povećala proizvodnja, a samim tim i prosečan prinos neophodno je uvođenje savremenog sortimenta uz korišćenje deklarisanog sadnog materijala. U radu su prikazane osnovne biološke specifičnosti belog luka, sa posebnim osvrtom na principe proizvodnje sadnog materijala. Unapređenjem i proširenjem ove proizvodnje beli luk bi postao značajan proizvod u izvozu na evropsko tržište.

Cabbage breeding at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops is aimed at the development of cultivars and hybrids whose properties meet the demands of the food processing industry and green market, intensive food production and human population, and which are adapted to the local agroclimatic conditions. This paper presents the main characteristics of a cabbage cultivar released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia in 2007. The cabbage cultivar Orion is primarily intended for fresh consumption in summer and pickling. The head is slightly flattened to oval-shaped, reddish white at cross section, with tender inner leaves, good taste and quality. The length of the growing season is 85-95 days (from transplanting to technological maturity). . Oplemenjivački rad na kupusu u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo ima za cilj stvaranje sorti i hibrida koje po svojim osobinama zadovoljavaju zahteve tržišta, industrijske prerade, zelene pijace, zahteve intenzivne proizvodnje i ishrane ljudske populacije, a prilagođene su našem agroklimatskom području. U ovom radu date su glavne karakteristike sorte kupusa priznate od strane Ministarstva za poljoprivredu, šumarstvo i vodoprivredu republike Srbije u 2007. godini. Sorta kupusa Orion, spada u kupuse namenjene pre svega za svežu letnju potrošnju i kišeljenje. Glavica je blago spljošteno-ovalnog oblika, na preseku belo crvenkaste boje, nežnih unutrašnjih listova, dobrog ukusa i kvaliteta. Dužina vegetacije iznosi oko 85-95 dana (rasađivanje-tehnološka zrelost). .

Vegetables comprise a fairly large number of crop species differing phenotypically and genotypically as well as in how they are grown and used. The main task of vegetable production is increased production of quality vegetables. In this context, breeding is of special importance as the basis for the development of new and improved cultivars and hybrids. Breeding of vegetables has always had as its goal the development of cultivars with increased genetic potentials for yield for the purpose of increasing total vegetable production and the quality of human nutrition. In the last few decades, new techniques have been added to the list of traditional methods of breeding and developing new vegetable cultivars. The new methods of vegetable selection have focused on resolving the issues of early maturity, heterosis, inheritance of certain traits, resistance to diseases and pests, and so on. The vegetable cultivars developed at the Institute have been designed not only to have a high genetic potential for yield but also to be able to satisfy the requirements of the discerning vegetable market in terms of appearance and taste as well as to be well-adapted to the domestic agroecological conditions. The Institute's vegetable program has released on the domestic and foreign markets a range of cultivars intended for fresh use, processing and canning that can be successfully grown year round both indoors and outdoors. Povrće je skup većeg broja biljnih vrsta koje se međusobno razlikuju kako po fenotipu i genotipu tako i po načinu gajenja i korišćenja. Osnovni zadatak u proizvodnji povrća jeste povećanje proizvodnje kvalitetnog povrća. Od posebnog značaja za takav vid povećanja proizvodnje jeste selekcija kao osnova stvaranja novih i boljih sorti i hibrida. Oplemenjivanje povrtarskih biljaka imalo je za cilj, u prošlosti i sadašnjosti, stvaranje soti većeg genetskog potencijala rodnosti, a za povećanje ukupne povrtarske proizvodnje, za bolju i kvalitetniju ljudsku ishranu. U poslednjih nekoliko decenija tradicionalni načini oplemenjivanja i stvaranja novih sorti prošireni su uvođenjem novih tehnika. Korišćenjem savremenih metoda oplemenjivanja kod povrtarskih biljaka rad je usmeren na rešavanja pitanja ranostasnosti, heterozisa, nasleđivanja pojedinih osobina, otpornosti prema bolestima i štetočinama, itd. Pored stvaranja sorti visokog genetičkog prinosa, vodilo se računa i o tome da sorte svojim izgledom i ukusom zado- voljavaju zahteve probirljivog tržišta povrća i da su prilagođene našim agroekološkim uslovima gajenja. Stvoren je određeni sortiment povrća priznat u zemlji i inostranstvu, a može uspešno da se gaji tokom cele godine na otvorenom polju i u zaštićenom prostoru namenjen korišćenju svežem, prerađenom i konzervisanom stanju.

Loose head packing is a frequent problem in cabbage production. This undesirable characteristic is typically attributed to the cabbage itself, when it is grown under unfavorable conditions and when it receives poor cultivation practices. Because of market demand on one side and weather conditions and cultivation practices on the other, cabbage is mainly harvested in a single turn. Furthermore, the harvested heads are not handled with due care. In other words, correct choice and application of cultivation practices may greatly improve head packing in the cabbage. Rastresitost ili slaba zbijenost glavica je problem na koji svaki proizvođač kupusa nailazi tokom proizvodnje. Često se ovo nepoželjno svojstvo pripisuje samom kupusu, koji više puta raste u manje povoljnim uslovima uz nepotpunu agrotehniku, što ima za posledicu slabiju zbijenost. Na jednoj strani zbog tržišta, na drugoj zbog vremenskih uslova i agrotehnike, berba kupusa se uglavnom obavlja jednokratno. Takođe, sa manje pažnje se manipuliše glavicama. Kad se svi ovi faktori saberu, glavica kupusa jednostavno nema optimalne uslove za pravilno formiranje, zbog čega se agrotehnika mora prilagoditi svakoj fenofazi rasta kupusa, a posebno periodu zavijanja glavice i berbe, kad je zbijenost glavice pri kraju formiranja.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is one of the most common and economically important vegetable crops grown in an open field and indoors. In Serbia, it is grown on about 20,000 ha and 180,0001 of tomato fruit are harvested. The average yields per hectare in the country are very low around 9,000 kg/ha. The reasons for such low yields do not lie in the genetic potential of tomato cultivars and hybrids grown but in the inadequacy of the growing technologies used and the reduced or inadequate application of mineral fertilizers and plant protection chemicals. The present paper describes tomato production and its demands related to growing conditions water requirements as affected by temperature, crop rotation, and soil selection. It also discusses fertilizer application in this crop as affected by soil fertility as well as tomato harvesting. Special attention is devoted to calculations used in outdoor tomato production from seeds and to the economy of tomato production. Tomato fruit production can be highly profitable, provided it makes use of appropriate cultural practices scientific discoveries and achievements of modern vegetable production. Paradajz (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) je jedna od najčešćih i ekonomski najznačajnijih povrtarskih vrsta, koje se gaje na otvorenom polju i u zaštićenom prostoru. U Srbiji se paradajz gaji na oko 20.000 ha, sa ostvarenom proizvodnjom od 180.000 t ploda. Ostvareni prosečni prinosi po hektaru su veoma niski (u Srbiji) i kreću se oko 9.000 kg po hektaru. Razlozi ovako niskih prinosa nisu u genetskom potencijalu sorti i hibrida već u neadekvatnoj tehnologiji gajenja, smanjenoj i neadekvatnoj primeni mineralnih đubriva i sredstava za zaštitu bilja. U radu su dati uslovi uspevanja potrebe za vodom u zavisnosti od temperature, plodored i izbor zemljišta za proizvodnju paradajza. Dat je osvrt na đubrenje paradajza u zavisnosti od plodnosti zemljišta, kao i berba paradajza. Posebno je obrađena kalkulacija proizvodnje paradajza na otvorenom polju iz direktne setve i ekonomičnost proizvodnje. Proizvodnja ploda paradajza je profitabilna i visoko akumulativna, ukoliko se primenjuju: pravilna agrotehnika, naučna saznanja i dostignuća savremene povrtarske proizvodnje.

In all of its work on vegetables thus far, the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has been keeping pace with the latest advancements in vegetable genetics and breeding using all the newest methods to make its work in this field easier, faster, safer and more successful. The Institute workers have been making sure that the vegetable cultivars they develop not only produce high yields but also that they meet the requirements of the highly discriminating vegetable market in their appearance and flavor as well as that they are adapted to our country agroecological conditions and economical in their consumption of all agricultural inputs. They have developed and released home and abroad a range of vegetable cultivars that make it possible to increase the production of high-quality vegetables and grow vegetable cultivars suitable for fresh use, processing and canning all year round outdoors as well as indoors. The range includes domestic and domesticated varietal populations as well as newly developed cultivars and hybrids. The Institute vegetable cultivars and specific recommendations for their successful production have been presented at the Seminar of Agronomists hosted by the Institute as well as at many other scientific and technical meetings. Tokom dosadašnjeg rada na genetici i oplemenjivanu povrća u Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo praćen je napredak u toj oblasti i korišćene sve savremene metode radi olakšavanja, ubrzavanja i činjenja tog rada sigurnijim i uspešnijim. Sem o stvaranju sorata visokog prinosa vodilo se računa o tome da sorte svojim izgledom i ukusom zadovoljavaju zahteve probirljivog tržišta povrća, da su prilagođene našim agroklimatskim uslovima i ekonomične u potrošnji svih inputa u proizvodnju. Stvoren je sortiment povrća priznat u zemlji i inostranstvu koji daje mogućnost povećanje proizvodnje kvalitetnog povrća i gajenje tokom cele godine na otvorenom polju i u zaštićenom prostoru namenjen korišćenju u svežem, prerađenom ili konzervnom stanju. Ovaj sortiment čine domaće i odomaćene sortne populacije i novostvorene sorte i hibridi. Sorte i specifični saveti za njihovu uspešnu proizvodnju prezentovani su na Seminarima agronoma novosadskog Instituta i mnogobrojnim drugim naučnim i stručnim skupovima.

As a result of the great biological diversity of the cultivated vegetable crop species, there are many different methods of vegetable production, each with its own accompanying growing technology. The intensive development of vegetable growing that began in 1975 triggered a parallel development of research closely tied with the needs of vegetable production. Today vegetable production takes the forms of year-round field production intended for various types of processing, field production intended for the fresh market, intensive garden production, and indoor vegetable production. Research conducted as part of developing environmentally-friendly ways of field vegetable production has resulted in the development of methods for the mechanized covering of soil with black biodegradable foil, while early vegetable production is carried out by covering the plants with materials known as agrotextiles, in which case the best results are achieved by combining mulching and direct covering of plants. Indoor vegetable production has gone through the largest amount of technical and technological change and is a form of industrial vegetable production on different substrates using controlled and programmed mineral nutrition as well as microclimate regulation using different materials for light and temperature regulation. The importance of vegetables comes not only from their role as food and medicine (as a medicinal supplement and part of folk medicine) but also from their aesthetic value, as today they are part of horticultural management of gardens and green spaces. For each of the above methods of growing, an adequate cultivar range was tested and the quality of the end product and its nutritive value were monitored. Growing of a larger number of vegetable crop species and the use of secondary products of crop growing has led to the development of environmentally-friendly growing methods, which are part of sustainable development. The transition from conventional to sustainable production leads through production based on principles of good agricultural practice (GAP). All research results are important for the development of different production technologies. Today, they are the most important segments of modern technologies, including the GIS system of precision satellite-guided production, which, along with the use of the latest technical solutions, must guarantee economic gain and environmental safety. Proizvodnju povrća, intenzivnu, kompleksnu granu biljne proizvodnje odlikuje više načina gajenja većeg broja biološki i genetski različitih vrsta. Od tradicionalnog baštenskog gajenja danas se povrtarstvo razvilo u tržišni oblik proizvodnje, u koji je uključen odgovarajući sortiment uz primenu naučnoistra- živačkih rezultata koji su tesno vezani za različite oblike proizvodnje povrća. Danas se proizvodnja povrća odvija u okviru njivske proizvodnje namenjene različitim oblicima prerade, za svežu pijacu, baštenske proizvodnje i proizvodnje u zaštićenom prostoru. U okviru ekoloških načina proizvodnje kako na otvorenom tako i u zaštićenom prostoru, primenjuju se najsavremenjia tehničko tehnološka rešenja, kojima se osigurava ekonomska dobit i ekološka sigurnost.

Pepper (Capsicum L) has great economic significance in our country, where it is one of the most important crops. It has high nutritional and biological value as well as many uses, including fresh consumption, pickling, baking and freezing, It can also be used as a condiment or as raw material for various types of industrial processing. Pepper is a vegetable that makes use of intensive agricultural systems and its cultivation is labor-intensive. It produces large profits per unit area. In Serbia, and especially in Vojvodina there are highly favorable agroecological conditions for pepper growing. To ensure high and stable pepper yields, growers must provide the crop with fertile and well-structured soil, appropriate crop rotation, top-quality tillage and seedbed preparation, and adequate fertilizer application, both organic and mineral. The success of pepper production also depends on the quality of transplant production, the proper timing of sowing when growing transplants, the process of transplant tending and preparation, and the transplanting procedure itself. High and stable pepper yields are obtained by the use of appropriate growing technologies during the growing season, most notably by the use of cultivation, irrigation, top dressing, protection from weeds, pests and diseases, and well-timed harvesting. Paprika (Capsicum L) u našoj zemlji ima veliki privredni značaj. Spada u grupu najznačajnijih kultura. Ima visoku hranljivu i biološku vrednost. Može se koristiti na različite načine, kao sveža, kisela, pečena, smrznuta dodatak raznim jelima a u industriji predstavlja sirovinu za različite vidove prerade. Spada u grupu intenzivnih povrtarskih kultura. Zahteva veliko angažovanje ljudskoga rada. Ona je visokoakumulativna kultura, jer ostvaruje visok dohodak po jedinici površine. U Srbiji, a posebno u Vojvodini, postoje veoma povoljni agroekološki uslovi za uspešno gajenje povrtarske paprike. Za ostvarivanjevisokih i stabilnih prinosa neophodno je obezbediti plodno i strukturno zemljište, odgovarajući plodored, odnosno plodosmenu, i kvalitetnu obradu i predsetvenu površinsku pripremu zemljišta kao i primene đubrenja kako organskih tako i mineralnih. Uspešna proizvodnja paprike zavisi nadalje, od kvalitetne proizvodnje rasada, pravovremene setve za proizvodnju rasad, nege, pripreme rasada i rasađivanje. Stabilni i visoki prinosi se ostvaruju primenom odgovarajuće tehnologije gajenjem u toku vegetacije, a to je pre svega, kultiviranje, navodnjavanje, prihranjivanje i zaštita od korova, bolesti i štetočina, kao i pravovremene berbe ploda paprike.

The stability of the core length of 21 cabbage genotypes (10 varieties and 11 hybrids) was studied over three growing seasons. The pooled analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes, traits under investigation, and years, as well as, genotype by year interactions. The parameter stability test showed that six genotypes significantly deviated from the regression line. Only one of the six genotypes was cultivar and five were hybrids. The two hybrids are early ones, three of them are summer cultivars, and one cultivar is a late one. These genotypes had quite different regression coefficients around or above unit. U radu je ispitivana stabilnost 21 genotipa kupusa (10 sorti i 11 hibrida) u tri vegetaciona perioda za svojstvo dužine unutrašnjeg kočana glavice. Združenom analizom varijanse su ustanovljene visoko značajne razlike između genotipova, ispitivanih godina kao i interakcije genotipxgodina. Test parametara stabilnosti je pokazao da šest genotipova značajno odstupa od linije regresije. Od ovih šest genotipova, jedna je sorta, a pet su hibridi. Dva hibrida spadaju u grupu ranih hibrida, tri su letnja, dok je samo jedan kasni. Ovi genotipovi su imali dosta različite koeficijente regresije, oko ili iznad jedinice.

Because of the biological particularities of vegetables, different methods are used to produce seeds of different vegetable species. The large number of vegetable species, differences in their reproduction coefficients, and the considerable necessity for human labor all make vegetable seed production diverse and specific as well as profitable. This is what makes vegetable seed production such an important part of the Institute activities, which have a large influence on the volume, quality and development of vegetable seed production in the country. Importantly, almost 90% of our country vegetable seed production (with the exception of potato) takes place in the province of Vojvodina. The Institute organized production of vegetable seeds contributes to the overall success of this activity at the national level and provides growers with seeds of over 80 vegetable cultivars and hybrids, encompassing 28 different vegetable species in total. Vegetable seed production is diverse and species-specific. Some vegetable species reproduce vegetatively, some by generative propagation, while some do it both ways. An important issue that must not be overlooked when producing vegetable seeds is that of spatial isolation, as some species are self-pollinated, while others are open-pollinated or facultative. Based on the acreage sown in 2004, the annual demand for vegetable seeds (excluding potato) in Serbia is around 19,000 tons. The Institute produces around 30 different vegetable species, including more than 80 cultivars and hybrids. In addition to producing seeds of high seed categories (super elite and elite), the Institute also produces commercial seeds (original and certified) for the domestic and foreign markets. Biološke specifičnosti povrća uslovljavaju različite metode pri proizvodnji semena. Brojnost vrsta, razlike u koeficijentu razmnožavanja i značajno učešće ljudskog rada čine proizvodnju semena povrća raznolikom, specifičnom ali i profitabilnom. Stoga je semenarstvo povrća toliko značajna naučna i stručna oblast delovanja ali i uticaja Instituta na nivo i kvalitet proizvodnje i razvoj semenske proizvodnje povrća u zemlji. To je značajno i zbog činjenice da se skoro 90% semenske proizvodnje povrća odvija u Vojvodini (izuzev krompira). Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo organizovanom proizvodnjom doprinosi uspešnoj proizvodnji semena povrća i obezbeđuje proizvođače semenom od 28 povrtarskih vrsta, što uključuje preko 80 sorata i hibrida povrća. Proizvodnja semena povrća je specifična i raznovrsna. Neke vrste se razmnožavaju vegetativno, druge generativno, a neke na oba načina. U ovoj proizvodnji se mora voditi računa o prostornoj izolaciji, s obzirom na način oplodnje, jer su neke samooplodne, druge stranooplodne ili fakultativne vrste. Na osnovu zasejanih površina u Srbiji 2004 godine, godišnje potrebe za semenom povrća iznose oko 19000 tona (sem krompira). Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo se bavi proizvodnjom od oko 30 povrtarskih vrsta, što uključuje preko 80 sorata i hibrida. Pored proizvodnje visokih kategorija semena (superelite i elite), proizvodi se i komercijalno seme (originali i prva sortna reprodukcija) za potrebe domaćeg prometa i izvoza.

The Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has 44 newly developed, high-yielding vegetable cultivars, which can be grown in any of our countries vegetable growing regions, throughout the year, and both indoors and outdoors. In addition to the newly developed cultivars and hybrids, the Institute produces the basic and commercial seeds and processes, tests for quality, packages and distributes domestic and domesticated cultivars alike. The Institutes offer of vegetables totals more than 80 cultivars of various vegetable species. Povećanje prinosa i kvaliteta plodova povrća u najvećoj meri zavisi od sortimenta koji se gaji, agroekoloških uslova u proizvodnom regionu i primenjenog nivoa tehnologije proizvodnje. U zadnjih pedeset godina najveći doprinos u povećanju prinosa povrća dale su nove sorte i hibridi. Kako sa aspekta većeg potencijala za rodnost, tako i poboljšanom otpornošću na ekonomski značajne bolesti i štetočine.U radu su prikazane sorte i hibridi povrća Naučnog instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, koje su adaptibilne za proizvodnju u našoj zemlji. Takođe, dat je prikaz proizvodnih rešenja, koje bi trebalo primeniti u cilju postizanja značajnijeg povećanja ukupne povrtarske proizvodnje.

The objective of this paper was to determine the genetic mode of inheritance of quantitative traits in cabbage via regression analysis in complete diallel crossing.The regression analysis of head mass traits showed that the regression line was distant from the limiting parabola, indicating nonadditive gene action in head mass inheritance. The expected line of regression intersected the Wr axis below the coordinate origin, confirming the presence of superdominance in this inheritance. As useful head part mass comprises the bulk of total head mass, the regression analysis results were similar. The regression line was also far from the limiting parabola indicating nonadditive gene action in this trait's inheritance. Similarly the regression line intersected the Wr axis below the origin, suggesting we had a case of superdominance in the inheritance of this trait as well.

Production of oyster mushroom has been intensified for the last two decades and it is developing further on. This has been achieved because of its nutritive value, medicinal effects and simple and cheep production. For their production, the substrate is prepared from waste cellulose material from agricultural production, straw, corn stalks, stems of pea and soybean sunflower husks, sawdust, wood shavings, etc. These materials are usually not utilized, often being burnt because of its low value. Due to an increase in the production of oyster mushroom, there is the need to study factors that directly affect its yields. In addition to the genetic potential of the strain concerned, oyster mushroom yields are also directly correlated with the quality of the substrate and the conditions of production. The raw materials must not only have a great capacity for water absorption, it is also important that the elements oyster mushrooms takes from the substrate are in the most favorable form for decomposition. In three years, at the Vegetables Department of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, several substrates were studied under laboratory conditions in order to determine the most suitable one for strains NS 77, NS 355 and NS 244, in terms of high yield. We studied the following substrates: soybean straw, corn stalks, sunflower stalks, wheat straw 50% + corn stalks 50%, wheat straw 50% + soybean straw 50%, wheat straw 50% + sunflower stalks 50%, and wheat straw as a control. Proizvodnja bukovače je naglo porasla u zadnje dve decenije i dalje je u usponu. Ovo je ostvareno zbog njene hranljive vrednosti, medicinskog efekta i jednostavne i jeftine proizvodnje. Za proizvodnju se koriste supstrati pripremljeni od ostataka celuloznog materijala iz poljoprivredne proizvodnje kao što su slama, stabljike kukuruza, stabljike graška i soje, ljuspice suncokreta, strugotine i dr. Ovaj materijal se obično više ne koristi, već se spaljuje zbog njegove male vrednosti. Zbog povećane proizvodnje potrebno je ispitati faktore koji direktno utiču na prinos. Na prinos bukovače osim genetskog potencijala soja direktno utiče i kvalitet supstrata kao i uslovi proizvodnje. Vrlo je bitno da sirovina osim velikog kapaciteta apsorpcije sadrži i elemente koji su u najpristupačnijem obliku usvajanja iz supstrata (Bugarski i Jovićević, 1993). Tokom tri godine u Zavodu za povrtarstvo Naučnog instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu ispitano je nekoliko supstrata u kontrolisanim uslovima u cilju dobijanja najviših prinosa sojeve Pleurotus ostreatus NS 77, Pleurotus ostreatus NS 355 i Pleurotus ostreatus NS 244. Ispitivani su sledeći supstrati: sojina slama stabljike kukuruza, stabljike suncokreta, pšenična slama 50% + sojina slama 50%, pšenična slama 50% + stabljike kukuruza 50%, pšenična slama 50% stabljike suncokreta 50% i pšenična slama kao kontrola.

A diallel cross, including reciprocals, of seven divergent cabbage cultivars was examined for the combining ability in the lengths of inner and outer stems. These properties affect the appearance and quality of the plant, both of the head alone and of the whole plant. The cultivars Kbose, Ditmar and SM-30, i.e. cultivars Pourovo cervene, Kopenhaski and SM-IO were good general combiners for the length of the inner stem, i.e. the length of the outer stem, respectively. According to these results it can be concluded that high heterosis may be obtained by increasing the number of cultivars possessing high GCA values in the crossing pattern. This would produce combinations with the largest number of desirable genes. In this study, heterosis for the length of the outer stem occurred as many as 30 times while heterosis for the head diameter occurred only 18 times. U radu je upotrebljeno sedam divergentnih sorti kupusa, pri čemu su ukrštene dialelno sa recipročnim ukrštanjima. Od ispitivanih svojstava, u ovom radu su prikazana dužina unutrašnjeg kočana i dužina spoljašnjeg kočana. Oba svojstva utiču na izgled i kvalitet biljke, bilo same glavice, ili čitave biljke. U radu su proučene kombinacione sposobnosti kod ova dva značajna svojstva. Kao dobri opšti kombinaton kod dužine unutrašnjeg kočana pokazale su se sorte Kbose, Ditmar i SM-10, a kod dužine spoljašnjeg kočana Pourovo červene, Kopenhaski i SM-10. Iz toga se može zaključiti da se veće vrednosti heterozisa mogu dobiti, ako je u ukrštanje uključen veći broj sorti sa visokim OKS vrednostima. Ovim bi dobili kombinacije sa najviše poželjnih gena. U ovom radu heterozis se najviše puta pojavio kod dužine spoljašnjeg kočana (čak 30 puta), a najmanje kod prečnika glavice (18 puta).

The parsley cultivars NS Molski and Aster were among the newly released vegetable cultivars registered by the Federal Commission for Variety Approval in 2003. They out yielded the standards in a series of long-term multilocation trials and have also performed well with regard to the rest of the traits tested in the trials. NS Molski is a medium late cultivar with a semi-erect rosette around 20 cm tall. The root is white and smooth and weighs about 150-160 g, on average. Root length is around 17 cm, while the neck and middle of the root have diameters of 5-6 and about 3 cm respectively. The root is beet-shaped and has around 6.2% of sucrose and about 18.6% of dry matter. The cultivar has a growing season of approximately 170 days and is intended for fresh consumption and industrial processing for dried use. Because of its characteristics, the roots of this cultivar are suitable for machine-lifting. Aster is a bean genotype with medium large grains of white color shaped as elliptical cylinders. It has determinate growth habit and a stem height of over 40 cm. Its tolerance to dominant bean diseases (bacterial, viral, anthracnose) during the growing season in the field is satisfactory. Aster forms its first pods at a height of around 20 cm, matures uniformly, has high resistance to pod cracking and is suitable for two-phased machine-harvesting. It has a highly delicious taste, meaning it has retained the outstanding flavor of the domestic population it originated from while improving other characteristics necessary for modern intensive bean production. We think that these newly released cultivars of parsley and bean with their good yields and outstanding taste will find a place in commercial agricultural production. Oplemenjivanje povrća u Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo ima za cilj stvaranje sorti koje po svojim osobinama zadovoljavaju zahteve tržišta i poljoprivredne proizvodnje prilagođene našem agroklimatskom području. Zahvaljujući dugogodišnjem oplemenjivačkom radu i bogatom genetskom materijalu povrća u Institutu stvorene se sorte koje u potpunosti zadovoljavaju sve ove zahteve. U ovom radu su iznesene glavne karakteristike sorti povrtarskog bilja priznatih od strane Savezne komisije u 2003. godini i to peršun NS Molski i pasulj Aster.

Pepper is one of the leading vegetable crops both in terms of the acreage sown and the range of uses. It gives high returns per unit area regardless of whether it is grown for seed or consumption. In view of the conditions and requirements of pepper production, consumption and processing, breeding is focused on the development of high-yielding varieties of a certain type, color and shape that are suitable for particular methods of growing and utilization. Breeding work carried out at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has produced the following pepper varieties: bell pepper (Novosadska Bela Babura, Buketna 1, Atina, Anita and Vranjska), semi-bell pepper (Matica), tomato pepper (Novosađanka), elongated pepper (Una), and longum pepper (Krunica (sweet), Plamena (slightly hot)). A new elongated variety called Amfora was released in 2001, too. In a three-year study, it proved superior in terms of its morphological characteristics and had a 32% higher average yield of the physiologically mature fruit than the standard. The results achieved by this variety provide a realistic basis for its successful commercial growing. Paprika spada u vodeće povrtarske kulture. U Jugoslaviji se gaji na oko 25.000 ha. Specifičnosti vrste a i zahtevi tržišta sa jedne strane i klimatski uslovi sa druge strane, određuju rad na oplemenjivanju paprike. Imajući to u vidu proizilaze i pravci u selekciji i to: stvaranje pre svega sorti u tipu babure, kapije, turšijare, paradajz-paprike, šipke, feferone, žute, bele ili zelene boje ploda u tehnološkoj zrelosti, za proizvodnju u poljskim uslovima i zaštićenom prostoru a za različite vidove upotrebe.U oplemenjivanju se posebno obraća pažnja na stvaranje sorti dobrog kvaliteta ploda i to kako kvantitativnih tako i kvalitativnih osobina. U ovom radu date su glavne karakteristike novostvorene sorte paprike, amfora, priznate od strane savezne komisije u 2001. godini.

In the year 2000, the Federal Variety Commission registered seven new vegetable cultivars developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops: two pepper varieties - Krušnica (sweet pepper) and Plamena (slightly hot); the determinate tomato variety Knjaz; the salad-type cucumber Tajfun; two cultivars of garlic - Bosut and Labud; and the white bean cultivar Balkan. All these newly released cultivars have significantly outyielded the standard cultivars in trials lasting three years. They have also outperformed the standards with regard to the other morphological characteristics, such as fruit mass, fruit length, pericarp thickness, grain mass, dry matter content, bulb mass, clove mass, and others. Oplemenjivanje povrća u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo ima za cilj stvaranje sorti koje po svojim osobinama zadovoljavaju zahteve tržišta, industrijske prerade, zelene pijace, zahteve intenzivne proizvodnje i ishrane ljudske populacije. Zahvaljujući dugogodišnjem oplemenjivačkom radu i bogatom genetskom materijalu povrća u Institutu, stvorene su sorte koje u potpunosti zadovoljavaju sve ove zahteve. U ovom radu su iznesene glavne karakteristike sorti povrća priznatih od strane Savezne komisije u 2000 godini. To su paprike: Krušnica i Plamena; paradajza: Knjaz; beli luk: Bosut i Labud; krastavca: Tajfun te pasulj: Balkan.

Used in this study were seven divergent cabbage cultivars, which we crossed using the complete diallel cross method. The traits we analyzed are important for further selection and were actually chosen based on this. The study's results showed the traits to be significantly divergent, which represents a significant source of variability for the next cycle of selection. The predominant mode of inheritance of head mass and the edible portion of the head was superdominance. Variation of these two traits was prominent in both the parents and the hybrids, the primary reason being the differences in earliness of maturity. Yield once again proved to be a complex trait, varying in the parents and the hybrids alike. The variability of yield was much larger in the hybrids than in the cultivars. Superdominance occurred 23 times. Sedam divergentnih sorti kupusa, dobijenih metom potpunog dialelnog ukrštanja, korišćeno je u ovom istraživanju. Analizirana svojstva su važna za dalju selekciju i stoga su i izabrana. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su svojstva značajno divergentna što predstavlja važan izvor varijabilnosti za sledeće cikluse selekcije. Superdominantnost je prevashodni način nasleđivanja mase glavice i jestivih delova glavice. Variranje ova dva svojstva bilo je značajno kako kod roditelja tako i kod hibrida što je i osnovni razlog razlike u ranostasnosti. Prinos se još jednom pokazao kao složeno svojstvo, koje podjednako varira kako kod roditelja tako i kod hibrida. Varijabilnost prinosa bila je mnogo veća kod hibrida nego kod kultivara. Superdominantnost se javila 23 puta.

Yield level is not the sole consideration when deciding which bean variety to grow. The general appearance of bean grain is an important factor, which affects the demand for a particular bean variety. Preferences are determined by dietary customs of the population. While most bean varieties selected before 1980 in Yugoslavia have white grains, farmers still grow popular domestic populations, which they multiply by themselves. When the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops embarked on a program of bean breeding, a decision was made to try and meet the specific market demands. Emphasis was placed on the development of high-yielding varieties, suitable for growing in pure stand and for machine harvesting, but these varieties were also expected to have grain characteristics similar to those of the traditional bean populations. Two varieties with colored grains have been released so far. Zlatko, a medium late variety (on the national varietal list since 1994) has large, cylindrical, golden-yellow grains, which retain shape during cooking. Sremac (released in 1999) is an early variety with greenish grains. White-grained varieties are developed by carefully selecting heterogeneous population over several generations. The first variety to be released (1997), Dvadesetica, is early and high-yielding, with semi-planate, medium large grains (1000/grain mass is about 400 g). The variety Maksa has white, medium large grains, the variety Seiko has small, rounded grains. These varieties were entered on the national varietal list in 1998. Variety Balkan has rounded grains (1000/grain mass is more from 330 g). Balkan released in 2000. U Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, počevši od 1981, najobimniji je bio rad na stvaranju visokoprinosnih sorti, pogodnih za gajenje u čistom usevu i mehanizovanu žetvu, koje bi imale osobine zrna starih, tradicionalnih populacija pasulja. Do sada su priznate dve sorte pasulja obojenog zrna: srednje-kasna sorta Zlatko (1994) krupnog, valjkastog zrna zlatnožute boje, i Sremac (1999), rana sorta u tipu kulaša. Od pasulja bele semenjače stvoreni su: Dvadesetica (1997) polu-pljosnatog zrna, masa 1000 zrna oko 400g, ranostasna. Maksa (J 998), zrna srednje krupnoće; Belko (1998), sitnijeg zrna okruglastog oblika i Balkan (2000), okruglasto belog zrna, mase 1000 zrna preko 340 g. .