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Gold is a sought-after good across the globe, particularly among Asian countries. The demand for gold is influenced by symbolic, utilitarian, and hedonic values. One of the critical values among these is symbolic value, which refers to the meanings associated with a commodity. This study attempts to identify the impact of cultural dynamism on the perceptions of women towards the symbolic value of gold. Cultural dynamism is a definite outcome of globalization; it refers to the changes in cultural beliefs and practices as an outcome of exposure to the elements of other cultures. These cultural changes will have an impact on the consumption of all types of goods, particularly those goods that are demanded due to a region’s culture. The present study attempts to identify the direction of cultural dynamics and its impact on gold in India as an outcome of the economy opening up in 1990. The perceptions of two sets of samples have been compared and contrasted in this study: one is a set of females born and married (this is because marriage has a vital role in determining perceptions towards gold) before the advent of globalization and its impacts in India, and the second set is the daughters (to ensure that other elements, such as socioeconomic aspects, are not affecting the perception) of the first set of customers. This study adopts a multidimensional scaling technique to analyze the data; this is due to the sound method that it is, and also due to the ability to provide a visual depiction of the outcomes. It could reveal evidence of polarization regarding perceptions towards the symbolic value of gold; it opened a research gap. A similar study with which to identify perceptions towards hedonic and symbolic values is suggested as an outcome of the study.

In the light of the urgence of cooperation in the world, for handling global issues, this study offers a discussion on bilateral cooperation, more specifically on municipal partnerships. While previous research has examined some specific cases on possibilities and challengeswith this kind of cooperation, the view of proven efficiency in relation to the symbolic value has fallen short. The organization Swedish International Centre for Local Democracy offers a Network for Human Rights and aims to promote the exchange of knowledge and experiences between local authorities. This study, which is based on ten in-depth qualitative interviews, ought to explore what challenges and learnings can be found in ongoing municipal partnerships, in this Network. The study further aims to explore how those findings relate to a North and South perspective and the municipalities’ values and goals, by collecting experiences from South Africa, Zambia, Botswana and Sweden. Through a thematic analysis process of the empirical data and the use of a theoretical framework in the field of organizational learning, developed by Chris Argyris and Donald A. Schön, this study has been able to identify several findings. Challenges involve implementation, cultural obstacles and lack of resources, which prove to be divergent between North and South. Values and goals of the partnerships are hence hard to perform in practice. The outcomes circle practical activities, however, the most evident outcome is to learn from one another, which puts the learning experiences in focus of the study.

La revolución del diseño tecnológico no sólo se deriva del uso de nuevas tecnologías, sino de un diálogo entre el valor arquitectónico, histórico y funcional que conservan los lugares y su valor simbólico. Se trata de un proceso complejo y lleno de matices que tiene en cuenta no sólo las características físicas de un edificio, sino también su significado cultural e histórico. Al analizar las características arquitectónicas e históricas de un edificio, los diseñadores son capaces de identificar la calidad formal y material de la arquitectura, así como el poder creativo vinculado al genius loci, o espíritu del lugar. La afirmación de Servius, "Nullus locus sine genius", subraya la importancia de comprender el carácter único de un lugar, ya que influye en el diseño y la función del espacio. Esto es especialmente cierto en el caso de los lugares de culto cristianos, donde cada piedra, distribución espacial y ornamento conlleva un profundo significado simbólico, moral y social. El diseño de una iglesia no es una mera cuestión estética o funcional, sino una empresa teológica y espiritual que requiere un planteamiento consciente de la tecnología y el diseño. El proyecto tecnológico de una iglesia antigua requiere una interpretación material y simbólica de las transformaciones históricas que ha sufrido el edificio. Esto incluye un examen cuidadoso del contexto físico y cultural del edificio, así como una comprensión del significado teológico y espiritual de sus elementos de diseño.AbstractThe revolution of technological design is not only derived from the use of new technologies, but from a dialogue between the architectural, historical, and functional value that places preserve, and their symbolic value. It is a complex and nuanced process that considers not just the physical characteristics of a building, but also its cultural and historical significance.In analyzing the architectural and historical features of a building, designers are able to identify the formal and material quality of architecture, as well as the creative power linked to the genius loci, or the spirit of the place. The statement by Servius, "Nullus locus sine genius," emphasizes the importance of understanding the unique character of a location, as it influences the design and function of the space. This is especially true for Christian places of worship, where every stone, spatial distribution, and ornament carries a deep symbolic, moral, and social meaning. The design of a church is not merely a matter of aesthetics or function, but a theological and spiritual undertaking that requires a conscious approach to technology and design. The technological project of an ancient church requires a material and symbolic interpretation of the historical transformations that the building has undergone. This includes a careful examination of the building's physical and cultural context, as well as an understanding of the theological and spiritual significance of its design elements.

Purpose: this study aims to examine the impacts of price levels, high level vs. low level, associated to a known brand vs. an unknown brand over fairness perception, symbolism quality and purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach: one pre-experiment is conducted with a 2 (high price level vs. low price level) x 2 (known brand vs. unknown brand) between-subjects design and a sample of 152 jeans customers. Finding: the results indicate that different price levels with brand knowledge or without brand knowledge impact differently over customer behavior, mainly when it comes to quality, fairness, perceived value, symbolic value and purchase intention of the investigated product and that that the relation between symbolic value and purchase intention is totally mediated by the perceived fairness. Practical Implication: by understanding how customers integrate, relate and infer quality, fairness and symbolic aspects to products through their perceptions concerning price levels and brand knowledge levels, it is possible to supply marketing professionals with information that lead to better-informed choices about pricing policy and branding in their companies. Originality/value: among these research contributions, we emphasize the proposition of eleven research hypotheses that aim to better understand customer behavior from the manipulation of two variables: product price level and brand knowledge level and its impact on perceived quality, fairness, symbolism and purchase intention. RESUMO Objetivo: este estudo tem como objetivo examinar os impactos dos níveis de preços, alto e baixo nível, associados a uma marca conhecida vs. uma marca desconhecida, sobre percepção de justiça, qualidade do simbolismo e intenção de compra. Design/metodologia/abordagem: um pré-experimento é conduzido com um design entre sujeitos de 2 (alto nível de preço vs. baixo nível de preço) x 2 (marca conhecida vs. marca desconhecida) e uma amostra de 152 clientes de jeans. Resultados: os resultados indicam que diferentes níveis de preços com conhecimento de marca ou sem conhecimento de marca impactam de forma diferenciada no comportamento do cliente, principalmente no que diz respeito à qualidade, justiça, valor percebido, valor simbólico e intenção de compra do produto investigado e que a relação entre valor simbólico e a intenção de compra é totalmente mediada pela justiça percebida. Implicações gerenciais: ao compreender como os clientes integram, relacionam e inferem qualidade, justiça e aspectos simbólicos dos produtos por meio de suas percepções sobre os níveis de preços e níveis de conhecimento da marca, é possível fornecer aos profissionais de marketing informações que levam a escolhas mais bem informadas sobre política de preços e marcas em suas empresas. Originalidade/valor: dentre essas contribuições, destacamos a proposição de onze hipóteses de pesquisa, que visam entender melhor o comportamento do cliente a partir da manipulação de duas variáveis: nível de preço do produto e nível de conhecimento da marca e seu impacto na qualidade, justiça, simbolismo e intenção de compra.

The competitiveness of the tourism industry has accelerated the need for branding tourist destinations, aiming to differentiate themselves. The symbolic nature and motivations (self and social) of travelling were already considered significant, but social media’s rise elevated them to a new level. This study investigates the mediating effect of perceived symbolic value of a destination in the relationship between self-congruity and social self-congruity with the destination and social media engagement. To analyse the results, Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses and the analysis of the mediation processes using AMOS software were conducted. Results confirmed that both self-congruity and social self-congruity with a destination impact its perceived symbolic value. While one of the dimensions of symbolic value (destination personality expression) totally impacts social media engagement, the other one (destination prestige) does not impact two of the three dimensions of social media engagement (contribution and creation). In an overall view, destination symbolic value mediates the impact of self-congruity and social self-congruity on destination social media engagement. The findings from this study suggest that marketers need to consider tourists’ need for expressing their identity and gaining acceptance of others in order to enhance social media engagement, by building a strong symbolic value. The effectiveness of a marketing strategy, that aims to highlight the symbolic value of the destination, can be assessed applying this model before and after its execution. A competitividade da indústria do turismo tem acelerado a necessidade de branding dos destinos turísticos, com o objetivo de se diferenciarem. A natureza simbólica e as motivações (pessoais e sociais) das viagens já eram consideradas significativas, mas a ascensão das redes sociais elevou-as a um novo patamar. Este estudo investiga o efeito mediador do valor simbólico percebido de um destino na relação entre autocongruência e autocongruência social com o destino e engajamento nas redes sociais. Para a análise dos resultados, foram realizadas Análises Fatoriais Exploratória e Confirmatória e análise dos processos de mediação utilizando software AMOS. Os resultados confirmaram que tanto a autocongruência como a autocongruência social com um destino impactam o seu valor simbólico percebido. Enquanto uma das dimensões do valor simbólico (expressão da personalidade do destino) impacta totalmente o engajamento nas redes sociais, a outra (prestígio do destino) não impacta duas das três dimensões do engajamento nas redes sociais (contribuição e criação). Numa visão geral, o valor simbólico do destino medeia o impacto da autocongruência e da autocongruência social no engajamento nas redes sociais do destino. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os profissionais de marketing precisam ter em consideração a necessidade dos turistas de exprimir a sua identidade e obter a aceitação de outros para aumentar o engajamento nas redes sociais, através da construção de um forte valor simbólico. A eficácia de uma estratégia de marketing, que vise destacar o valor simbólico de um destino, pode ser avaliada aplicando este modelo antes e depois da sua execução.

Genetics test in predictive medicine seems to take charge of the uniqueness of any human being. Unlike preventive medicine it moves from the theoretical assumption of the knowledge of a specific individual's genetic structure and potential fragility. However, the attention paid to the gene risks placing the living and experienced body in the shadow. Sometimes, "genetic news" can make the subject in the present act like a sick person without being so, read every event in that direction, and, ultimately, fulfill the prophecy. The article goes beyond the alleged non-exceptionalism of genetic data and discusses the symbolic value that the gene has assumed and its role in reflexivity and self-perception. Resumen Las pruebas genéticas en la medicina predictiva parecen encargarse de la singularidad del ser humano, a diferencia de la medicina preventiva parte del supuesto teórico del conocimiento de la estructura genética y de la fragilidad potencial de un individuo específico. Sin embargo, la atención que se presta al dato genético tiene el riesgo ensombrecer el cuerpo vívido y la experiencia en primera persona. En ocasiones, las "noticias genéticas" pueden llevar al sujeto en el presente a actuar como un enfermo sin serlo, a leer cada evento en ese sentido y, por último, a cumplir la predicción. El artículo va más allá de la supuesta no excepcionalidad de los datos genéticos y analiza el valor simbólico que ha asumido el gen y su papel en la reflexividad y la autopercepción. Resumo Os testes genéticos em medicina preditiva parecem se responsabilizar pela singularidade de qualquer ser humano, enquanto a medicina preventiva se move a partir do suposto teórico do conhecimento da estrutura genética e da fragilidade potencial de um indivíduo específico. Contudo, a atenção prestada ao dado genético está arriscada a agravar o corpo vívido e a experiência em primeira pessoa. Em ocasiões, as "notícias genéticas" podem levar o sujeito no presente a atuar como um doente sem ser isso, a ler cada evento nesse sentido e, definitivamente, a cumprir o predito. Este artigo vai mais além da suposta não excepcionalidade dos dados genéticos e analisa o valor simbólico que o gene assume e seu papel na reflexividade e na autopercepção.

Purpose This paper aims to propose a framework for how privacy-preserving technologies (PETs) create business value for organizations. The framework was developed by examining the literature on privacy and information technology’s impact (symbolic and function). The authors evaluate the framework’s applicability using multiparty computation (MPC) as an instance of PETs, with expert interviews in the telecommunication industry. Design/methodology/approach In an illustrative case of four telecommunication companies, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with experts and used MPC as an instance of PET. Findings The evaluation of the framework indicates that PETs create business value for organizations: enhancing customer interactions, sales, personalized services, predicting market trends and collaboration among organizations. The findings show that business value of PETs is mainly driven by consumers and organizations willing to share data and collaborate. Research limitations/implications This study was limited to the telecom sector and focused on MPC as an instance of PET. Further studies should be conducted to explore the benefits of other PETs and MPC. Future research could find out if this framework is also helpful for implementing other PETs or even other types of technology. The authors’ framework provides factors that future studies can use to quantify the impact of PETs. The authors hope that this framework provides an overarching reference for organizations considering the adoption of PETs. Practical implications The authors’ findings inform managers in exploring the business value of PETs for organizations. This study also provides insights into which costs and risks to consider when implementing PETs. Originality/value This study is one of the few to propose a framework on how PETs create business value for organizations. Future research can use factors in the framework (e.g. customer interactions, sales, personalized services and market trend prediction) to conduct a quantitative study on PETs’ business value. Managers adopting PETs can use the framework to identify areas where PETs impact their organization.

The technological design revolution is a utopia, but the revolution does not come only from the use of new technologies, but also from the affirmation of peculiar significances: the whole design is carried out as a dialogue between the architectural, historical and functional value that places of worship preserve, and their symbolic value. It can identify formal as well as material quality of the architecture, but also the creative power linked to the genius loci. In fact, Servius said: "Nullus locus sine genius" (there is no place without a genius), according to the creed of an animistic religion on the basis of which everything is permeated by an energy and a reason, including places. If this assertion is true for natural places, for the Christian worship sites it assumes an even deeper value, because every stone, every spatial distribution, every ornament assumes a deep symbolic, moral and social meaning. The reason for a Christian worship site makes us reflect not so much what a church is, but how a church is (Norberg-Schultz, 1983) [1-3]. This contribute shows a theological conscious method to take on technological design of an ancient church where, following the removal of the flooring to perform dehumidification works, along the walls, traces frescoes, masonry altars, plastered and with traces of fresh decoration, a baptismal font in stone and decorated stone elements have been discovered. A careful analytical phase on the local context was the prerequisite to orient design choices in order to obtain the preservation of both symbolic and historical-architectural value [4-6]. The technological design offers a material and symbolic interpretation of the historical transformations that the building has undergone and, at the same time, it restores the small church to worship not only as a newfound place of faith, but also as a material testimony of the message of faith.

This research aimed to measure how the relevant involvement, the symbolic value, and the status consumption could influence the intention of purchasing wellness hotel services. For this purpose, a quantitative survey was conducted through an online survey. In total 445 questionnaires were answered, and the data were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The results proved that the proposed variables used in the theoretical model had a positive influence on the consumer’s intention to purchase wellness hotel services, except for the symbolic value, that is showing to be inversely proportional to the dependent variable, revealing no symbolic characteristics of physical activity for consumer decision. The relevant involvement with the product/service demonstrated that consumers who consider physical activity as an important factor in their lives are more willing to purchase services in this type of hotel. Besides that, there was a confirmation of the influence of status consumption on the consumer’s buying decision, highlighting the individual’s concern about others’ opinions on their image. The main contribution of this research is the identification that the search for wellness hotels has a double appeal, the relevance of the service, and the status provided by this type of consumption.

Introduction: The process of conscious mediation of information is evoked and necessary to ensure the appropriation of information in line with the sociocultural context in which the relationships between subjects, mediators and informational environments are inserted. At this juncture, it is necessary to understand the different values - pragmatic, affective, and symbolic - that permeate the information mediation process, which are reflected in and reflect the constitutive webs of the social webs.Objective: To discuss, based on the theoretical foundation of information mediation, the pragmatic, affective, and symbolic values that permeate the conscious process of mediation and make it humanizing.Methodology: This is a descriptive, qualitative research. As to procedures, it is characterized as bibliographic.Results: When users and the mediator himself understand the mediating action of the latter agent as a conception of life, they favor the development of a conviction of the relevance and social responsibility of their actions.Conclusions: The research proposes that, in the process of conscious mediation of information, the pragmatic, affective and symbolic values are attributed to the mediating action by both the users and the mediator himself, who relates it to a humanized performance and favors the development of a conviction of the relevance and social responsibility of his actions. Introducción: el proceso de mediación consciente de la información es evocado y necesario para garantizar la apropiación de la información, de acuerdo con el contexto sociocultural dónde están inseridas las relaciones entre los sujetos, mediadores y entornos informativos. En este contexto, es necesario comprender los diferentes valores - pragmáticos, afectivos y simbólicos - que impregnan el proceso de mediación de la información, que están reflejados y a su vez reflejan el tejido constitutivo de las redes sociales. Objetivo: Discutir, con base en los fundamentos teóricos de la mediación de información, sobre los valores pragmáticos, afectivos y simbólicos que impregnan el proceso consciente de mediación, tornándolo un proceso humanizador. Metodología: Esta es una investigación descriptiva, cualitativa. En cuanto a los procedimientos, se caracteriza por ser bibliográfica. Resultados: cuando los usuarios y el mediador entienden la acción mediadora de este último agente como un concepto de vida, favorecen el desarrollo de una convicción en cuanto a la relevancia y responsabilidad social de sus acciones. Conclusiones: La investigación propone que, en el proceso de mediación consciente de la información, los valores pragmáticos, se atribuyen a la acción mediadora tanto por parte de los usuarios como del mediador, relacionándola con una actuación humanizadora, que favorece el desarrollo de una convicción de relevancia y responsabilidad social de sus acciones. afectivos y simbólicos Introdução: O processo de mediação consciente da informação é evocado e necessário para garantir a apropriação da informação em consonância com o contexto sociocultural em que as relações entre os sujeitos, os mediadores e os ambientes informacionais estão inseridos. Nessa conjuntura, é preciso compreender os diferentes valores - pragmático, afetivo e simbólico - que permeiam o processo de mediação da informação, que estão refletidos e refletem as tessituras constitutivas das teias sociais. Objetivo: Discutir, com base na fundamentação teórica da mediação da informação, sobre os valores pragmático, afetivo e simbólico que permeiam o processo consciente de mediação e o tornam humanizador. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualitativa. No que se refere aos procedimentos, caracteriza-se como bibliográfica. Resultados: Quando os usuários e o próprio mediador compreendem a ação mediadora deste último agente como uma concepção de vida, favorecem o desenvolvimento de uma convicção da relevância e da responsabilidade social de suas ações. Conclusões: A pesquisa propõe que, no processo de mediação consciente da informação, sejam atribuídos os valores pragmático, afetivo e simbólico à ação mediadora tanto pelos usuários quanto pelo próprio mediador, o qual a relaciona a uma atuação humanizada e favorece o desenvolvimento de uma convicção da relevância e da responsabilidade social de suas ações.

To promote more sustainable consumption of Social Networking Service (SNS) emojis, it is necessary to understand the relationships between social psychological antecedents and SNS users&rsquo, intention to purchase emojis. This study aimed to investigate motivational factors affecting users&rsquo, intentions to purchase SNS emojis. We examined SNS users of Kakao Talk, the most widely used instant messaging service in South Korea, and investigated the relationships among five latent constructs: Self-presentation, symbolic values, playfulness, purchase intentions, and need for uniqueness. The results of this study indicate that self-presentation does not directly affect the intention to purchase emojis (&beta, = 0.10, p &gt, 0.05). Rather, self-presentation positively influences purchase intention through the mediating path of SNS users&rsquo, perceived symbolic value (&beta, = 0.60, p &lt, 0.001) and playfulness (&beta, = 0.35, p &lt, 0.001) to purchase intention (&beta, = 0.29, p &lt, 0.001, &beta, = 0.37, p &lt, 0.001). Further, symbolic value affects playfulness (&beta, = 0.56, p &lt, 0.001), which in turn leads to consumers&rsquo, intentions to purchase emojis. This study highlights that SNS users&rsquo, need for uniqueness functions as a moderator in the relationship between self-presentation and their intentions to purchase emojis.

The present bibliographical investigation is looking to emphasize the existing relation between time and the therapeutic space, inside the psychoanalytic device, among the consultant and the analyst; understanding the temporal concept as a transaction. A symbolic value for Bourdieu, an exchange value for Marx, or a transference value within the non-linear succession of unconscious moments for psychoanalysis. For this purpose, a biographical journey through the Freudian texts which invite us to rethink a temporality that breaks with the rational logic. Esta investigación bibliográfica busca destacar la relación existente entre el tiempo y el espacio terapéutico dentro del dispositivo psicoanalítico, entre analizante y analista; entendiéndose el concepto temporal como parte de una transacción. Un valor simbólico para Bourdieu, un valor mercantil para Marx, un valor transferencial dentro de la sucesión no lineal de instantes inconscientes para el psicoanálisis. Para ello, se realiza un recorrido a través de los textos freudianosque invitan a re-pensar una temporalidad que rompe con dicha lógica racional. Se consideran referencias que enlazan el psicoanálisis freudiano con el concepto de temporalidad como son los textos Sobre Psicoterapia (1905), Consejos al médico sobre el tratamiento psicoanalítico (1912a), Sobre la dinámica de la transferencia (1912b), Sobre la iniciación del tratamiento (1913) y ¿Pueden los legos ejercer el análisis? (1926).&nbsp

La apropiación del espacio es un proceso que permite hacer lecturas de cambios en las relaciones al interior de la familia entre los individuos, los objetos y el espacio mismo. En este sentido es posible encontrar diferentes representaciones y prácticas ―para vestir los espacios del hogar y en especial la sala comedor― que permiten escenarios de simbolización, proyección e interacción en el ámbito íntimo o familiar. En esta investigación se estudió cualitativamente a partir de entrevistas y observación el valor simbólico de los objetos para vestir la sala comedor en las familias de nivel socioeconómico 3 y 4 de Sabaneta, Antioquia, para comprender el aporte de estos a la apropiación de los espacios. La investigación evidencia que el consumo de los espacios modernos y especialmente de la sala comedor se ha resignificado apelando a una relación de placer, de disfrute individual, familiar y social; en donde las normas colectivas no han impedido el desarrollo de nuevas prácticas de vestir este espacio, lo que permite la proyección de identidad y materializa además el confort por medio de objetos multifuncionales y adaptables a la sala comedor. En esta dinámica de apropiación los individuos a través del uso y disposición de los objetos establecen relaciones con estos y los van cargando de significado, de vivencias y símbolos en busca del disfrute colectivo o individual, de lo estético y sensitivo y del bienestar sensorial. The appropriation of space is a process that allows readings of changes in relationships within the family, between individuals, objects and space itself. In this sense it is possible to find different representations and practices to dress the spaces of the home and especially the living-dining room, allowing scenarios of symbolization, projection and interaction in the intimate or family environment. In this research, the symbolic value of the objects to dress the living-dining room in homes of 3 and 4 socioeconomic level families in Sabaneta, Antioquia, were qualitatively studied from interviews and observation to understand their contribution to the appropriation of spaces. The research shows that the consumption of modern spaces and especially the living-dining room has been resignified by appealing to a relationship of pleasure, individual, family and social enjoyment, where the collective norms have not prevented the development of new practices of dressing this space, which allows the projection of identity and also materializes comfort by means of multifunctional objects adaptable to the living-dining room. In this dynamic of appropriation, through the use and disposition of objects, individuals establish relationships with them and charge them with meaning, experiences and symbols in search of collective or individual enjoyment, of the aesthetic and sensory, and of the sensory well-being.

As the key to mitigating climate change, a sustainable lifestyle has become a focus of environment policy. Past studies have largely neglected the symbols of sustainable lifestyle guiding policies and failed to capture its effect on the experienced utility of sustainable lifestyle guiding policies (EUSLGP). To address this drawback, symbolic value was incorporated into a model consisting of social interaction and the EUSLGP. With data collected from 3257 respondents in Eastern China, ordinary least squares were applied to examine hypotheses and two-stage least squares based on the instrumental variable to verify the results. Results show that symbolic value combines self-expression value, relationship consolidation value, group identification value, and status-showing value, and is positively associated with EUSLGP. Social interaction plays a moderating role in the association between symbolic value and EUSLGP. Moreover, significant regional differences are discovered in the identified relationships. Consequently, policy suggestions, covering symbolic value, social interaction, and regional conditions, are proposed to enhance the EUSLGP for other countries and regions.

The hand-woven carpet because of the capacity of having the artistic, economic and conceptual aspects during the history, has found different functions besides its own consumable function. In Travelogues and historiographies was mentioned about the very splendor and luxury carpets that describing the glorious palaces. It indicates carpets gradually obtained a value more than consuming value.This research was conducted using the descriptive and analytical approach, based on library and documents data, with visual investigation on paintings from 15th to 18th centuries to finding the shape of the usage of carpets. Because that was not possible to investigate all European countries, it was emphasized on most important samples in terms of economy, commercial and artistic status.It seems by the spread of conspicuous consumption among high class people and afterwards among middle class families, arose a kind of symbolic value for hand- woven carpets. The research shows in capitalism and consumerism societies, carpets were a symbol of wealth and self-glorification for their owners. As during the 16 century and afterwards, their the consumable value as the floor covering, converted to symbolic value as a very important element in decorating the palaces, mosques, churches and paintings.

We studied to what extent perceived adoption norms affect the likelihood of adopting sustainable innovations, next to evaluations of the instrumental, environmental and symbolic attributes of these innovations. As hypothesised, results showed that people are more likely to adopt a sustainable innovation the more they evaluate the attributes of these sustainable innovations favourably and the more they think significant others would consider adoption (i.e., when adoption norms are strong). Moreover, we hypothesised and found that positive evaluations of the symbolic attributes are more likely to promote the adoption of sustainable innovations when people expect that few significant others would consider adoption. These findings suggest that weak adoption norms that are typical in the early adoption stage may both inhibit and promote adoption of sustainable innovations, via different routes.

В данной статье рассматривается влияние иностранных заимствований в рекламе как одного из лингвистических приёмов для формирования положительного образа бренда. В ходе проведённого исследования была проанализирована коммуникативная и символическая ценность зарубежных лексических единиц с применением классической формулы потребительского поведения AIDA. Для достижения максимального эффекта при разработке и формировании рекламного сообщения автором делается вывод о необходимости рационального соотношения значений заимствованных слов и их ассоциаций с учётом потребностей целевой аудитории и поставленных задач., This article discusses the impact of foreign borrowings in advertising as one of the linguistic devices for the formation of the positive brand image. In the course of the study, the communicative and symbolic value of foreign lexical units was analyzed with the help of AIDA classical formula of consumer behavior. To achieve the maximum effect in the development and formation of advertising messages, the author concludes that rational relationship between the meanings of borrowed words and their associations is necessary with regard to the needs of the target audience and assigned tasks., №7(85) (2019)

This essay examines the impact of estimation for the training’s added value in life on level of physical training. Through a multiple-regression analysis of primary data, the study presents what impact a particular background has on the physical exercise’s position in a life puzzle of a Swedish young adult. The theoretical framework is based on the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of habitus, symbolic capital, symbolic value and symbolic violence. According to these concepts, all individuals operate within specific fields, within which they also hold a position. Practices and social agents in the various fields shape what Bourdieu calls habitus, an individual set of schemes that shape tastes a values. These theories help us understand why people perform different targeted actions in life based on their gender, class and grew up place. Data have been collected through a quantitative survey. The material consists of questionnaires from 179 young adults from Sweden between the ages of 19-29. The bivariate regression analysis could not prove a significant correlation between estimation of the training’s added value in life and level of physical training. When a multivariate regression design included control variables a positive correlation between the training’s added value in life and level of physical training emerged. Gender, class and age also proved important for the level of training where being a female and coming from an entrepreneurial home increased the level of training. Tillgänglig på messenger (Jonathan Westerberg), alternativt sms (0700912052).

This dissertation analyzes the relationship between curating and the contemporary art market, inscribing its enquiry in the realm of curatorial theory. Contributing to epistemological discussions on the notion of the curatorial, this study frames itself as an “economy of the curatorial”, an expression with which we define the sphere of economic relations of production and mediation engendered by curatorial practice and discourse in the contemporary art field. This field is considered increasingly dominated by market imperatives, since market players (commercial galleries, art fairs, and auction houses) have acquired an increasing authority in consecrating artists and, hence, in establishing both the economic and the symbolic value of art. Adopting a situated approach, this thesis is based on qualitative field research carried out in South Africa, and on the analysis of several instances that disclose the role of curators in the market of contemporary African art since 1989. The main case study is the analysis of curators’ role at the Goodman Gallery, which illustrates the performing of the curatorial within the marketplace. Esta tesis propone un análisis de la relación entre la curaduría y el mercado del arte contemporáneo, inscribiéndose en el ámbito de la teoría curatorial. A la vez que contribuye a las discusiones epistemológicas sobre la noción de lo curatorial, este estudio propone pensar estas relaciones como parte de una “economía de lo curatorial”, expresión con la que definimos el ámbito de las relaciones económicas de producción y mediación generadas por la práctica y el discurso curatoriales en el campo del arte contemporáneo. Este campo se considera como cada vez más dominado por los imperativos del mercado, siendo que las galerías comerciales, las ferias de arte y las casas de subastas han adquirido autoridad a la hora de consagrar a los artistas y, por ende, de establecer tanto el valor simbólico como económico del arte. Adoptando un enfoque situado, esta tesis se basa principalmente en una investigación de campo llevada a cabo en Sudáfrica, y en el análisis de varios casos y coyunturas que revelan el papel de los curadores en el mercado del arte africano contemporáneo desde 1989. El caso de estudio clave consiste en el análisis del papel de los curadores en la galería Goodman, las cual ilustra como la curaduría opera en un contexto de mercado.

Why are we talking about coloniality in postcolonial times? And what does language have to do with it? In addressing these two broad questions, this thesis sets out to provide empirically well-grounded reflections focusing: First, on how young Mozambicans’ linguistic repertoires and discursive practices relate to their sense of being in the world. And second, on how their perceptions resonate with recent sociolinguistic debates about the different roles language and ideologies play in constructing and reproducing conditions of contemporary coloniality. The role of postcolonial Portuguese is particularly highlighted. The introduction provides a critical, decolonial and epistemic reflexion that brings together four seemingly disparate studies. Moreover, it offers an invitation to critically reflect on discourses, ideologies and valuations that are carried in and on our individual and collective historical bodies and minds and are reproduced through different manifestations of what I call ‘discursive re(b)orderings’. Study I, explores how Portuguese spoken in Maputo has changed after independence and underpins the inquiry into the ‘construct’ of linguistic boundaries and its relation to ideas of language purity and how these ideologically laden notions impact knowledge production and perceived and lived mobilities in the ‘postcolony’. Study II, displays ‘languaging’ practices of young Mozambicans and their strategic orientations in their social-spatial deployment of linguistic resources, and explores ‘translanguaging’ as discursive space production. Study III, brings Frantz Fanon into the study of sociolinguistics of subjectivity and explores the reflexes of the ‘other’ in the constitution of the self of young Mozambicans, suggesting that intersubjectivity holds the promise of disentangling Fanon´s notion of ‘sociogenese’. Study IV brings Pierre Bourdieu´s Distinction (1984) into the ‘postcolony’ by emulating his methodology through multilevel big picture data, combining quantitative and qualitative data and analyses with approaches inspired by ethnography to look at ‘positions and dispositions’ of young Mozambicans across fields and markets. Theoretically, the thesis brings Bourdieu and Fanon together, and shows how nexus concepts, intersubjectivity and the historical bodies and minds represent promising avenues to the understanding of language in coloniality. Two nexus concepts, the habitus and the sociogenese, are adopted and complement each other. By mixing methodologies, the studies combined, manage to capture the complexities in the multi-layered and often subtle ways discursive bordering constructs and reproduces contemporary coloniality. Empirically, taken together, the four studies show how ideologies, the ‘constructs’ surrounding language and the symbolic value of Portuguese are taken up in language and discourses and in speakers’ strategic deployment of linguistic resources across fields and marketplaces in the ‘postcolony’. Moreover, it shows how all forms of capital: epistemic, economic, educational, linguistic and symbolic are reconfigured and revaluated. Nevertheless, mobility is contained, and socioeconomic inequalities are mirrored in sociolinguistic inequalities and even in material urban space to the effect of perpetuating conditions of contemporary coloniality. At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

Environmentally friendly and energy efficient green buildings have gained their popularity across many countries including Australia. Despite their increasing popularity and rental premium, it is not known why tenants are more inclined to lease green over non-green office buildings in Australia. In addressing this gap, this study aims to explore tenants’ motivations to leasing green office buildings. To this, this study first analysed over 2,000 tenants occupying over 100 green buildings in Sydney CBD.This allowed this study to identify which tenants are morelikely lease green buildings than the others. The results show that tenants from; (i) the Finance and Insurance services sector, (ii) the Professional, Scientific and Technical services sector, and (iii) Real estate services sector account for over 50% of the entire tenant sample. Then, a judgemental purposive sampling method was adopted, and nine interviews were conducted with the key leasing decision-makers from the top three sectors. The interview findings reveal that the traditional aspects of location and costs are still the key motivational factors for green building tenants. However, many interviewees acknowledge that leasing a green office space could help improving their corporate image. This thus led to many tenants’ beliefs that green spaces contain both symbolic value and tangible value,and that higher rents for green buildings are rather acceptable considering what they can offer. The results of the study suggest that understanding the demand of various types of tenants is essential to shed the light on the expensive rental price of green buildings in Australia. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

RESUMEN: A pesar de la evidencia existente en torno a las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres en los procesos de toma de decisiones, así como en la adopción de la tecnología, la investigación llevada a cabo hasta la fecha no ha sido concluyente. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las intenciones comportamentales de los consumidores según su género en los intercambios comerciales B2c. En este sentido, se propone identificar cómo el valor funcional -representando el raciocinio del consumidor-, el valor simbólico -representando la motivación emocional- y la confianza actúan como antecedentes de la intención de compra en el canal online. A partir de los resultados derivados de una investigación empírica sobre 262 consumidores online colombianos, y mediante un cuestionario estructurado para la evaluación de las variables objeto de estudio, se obtiene apoyo a la existencia de diferencias en la formación de las intenciones de los consumidores según su género. Los resultados indican que el valor simbólico tiene un efecto significativo en la intención de compra en las mujeres, mientras que en el colectivo de hombres el valor funcional y la confianza tienen mayor efecto en la intención de compra. Estos resultados contribuyen a aumentar el conocimiento acerca del papel moderador del género en las intenciones comportamentales de los consumidores en los intercambios comerciales B2c en el contexto online en una economía emergente, permitiendo a las empresas comprender mejor cómo dirigir sus esfuerzos en términos de marketing. El trabajo supone una contribución en la literatura del valor percibido, la confianza y la intención comportamental para la adopción del comercio electrónico. Las implicaciones para la gestión son discutidas en el documento. Clasificación JEL: E21, M31, J16. ABSTRACT: Despite the existing evidence regarding the differences between women and men in decision-making processes, as well as in the adoption of technology, the research carried out to date has not been conclusive. The objective of this paper is to study the behavioral intentions of consumers in B2C commercial exchanges based on their gender. In this sense, the proposal is to identify how the functional value (representing consumer's reasoning), the symbolic value (representing the emotional motivation), and the feeling of trust act as antecedents of the purchase intention in the online channel. Based on the results derived from an empirical research on 262 Colombian online consumers, and through a structured questionnaire for the evaluation of the variables under study, the existence of differences in the formation of consumers' purchase intentions according to their gender is supported. Results indicate that the symbolic value has a significant effect on women's purchase intention, while the functional value and trust have a greater effect on men. Such results contribute to increasing knowledge on the moderating role of gender in consumers' behavioral intentions in B2C commercial exchanges within the online context of an emerging economy, allowing companies to better understand how to direct their efforts in terms of marketing. This work is a contribution to the literature on perceived value, trust and behavioral intention for the adoption of electronic commerce. Implications for management are also discussed in the document. Clasificación JEL: E21, M31, J16. RESUMO: Apesar da evidência existente sobre as diferenças entre mulheres e homens nos processos de tomada de decisão, bem como na adoção da tecnologia, esta pesquisa realizada até o momento ainda não é conclusiva. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar as intenções comportamentais dos consumidores segundo seu gênero nos intercâmbios comerciais B2C. Nesse sentido, propõe-se identificar como o valor funcional - representando o raciocínio do consumidor - e a confiança agem como antecedentes da intenção de compra no canal on-line. A partir dos resultados derivados de uma pesquisa empírica sobre 262 consumidores on-line colombianos e de um questionário estruturado para a avaliação das variáveis objeto de estudo, obtém-se apoio para a existência de diferenças na formação das intenções dos consumidores conforme o gênero. Os resultados indicam que o valor simbólico tem efeito significativo na intenção de compra nas mulheres, enquanto no coletivo de homens o valor funcional e a confiança têm maior efeito na intenção de compra. Esses resultados contribuem para aumentar o conhecimento acerca do papel moderador do gênero nas intenções comportamentais dos consumidores nos intercàmbios comerciais B2C no contexto on-line numa economia emergente, o que permite às empresas compreender melhor como dirigir seus esforços em termos de marketing. O trabalho pretende contribuir para a literatura do valor percebido, da confiança e intenção comportamental para a adoção do comércio eletrônico. As implicações para a gestão são discutidas neste texto. Clasificación JEL: E21, M31, J16. RÉSUMÉ: Malgré les preuves existantes concernant les différences entre les femmes et les hommes dans les processus de prise de décision, ainsi que dans l'adoption de la technologie, les recherches effectuées à ce jour n'ont pas été concluantes. L'objectif de cet article est d'étudier les intentions comportementales des consommateurs en fonction de leur sexe dans les échanges commerciaux B2C. Dans ce sens, on propose d'identifier comment la valeur fonctionnelle (représentation du raisonnement du consommateur), la valeur symbolique (représentant la motivation émotionnelle) et la confiance agissent comme des antécédents de l'intention d'achat dans le canal en ligne. Sur la base des résultats issus d'une recherche empirique sur 262 consommateurs en ligne colombiens, et à travers un questionnaire structuré pour l'évaluation des variables étudiées, on obtient des résultats permettant soutenir l'existence de différences dans la formation des intentions des consommateurs en fonction de leur sexe. Les résultats indiquent que la valeur symbolique a un effet significatif sur l'intention d'achat chez les femmes, tandis que dans le groupe des hommes, la valeur fonctionnelle et la confiance ont un effet plus important sur l'intention d'achat. Ces résultats contribuent à accroître les connaissances sur le rôle modérateur du genre dans les intentions comportementales des consommateurs dans les échanges commerciaux B2C dans le contexte en ligne dans une économie émergente, ce qui permet aux entreprises de mieux comprendre comment orienter leurs efforts en termes de marketing. Le travail est une contribution dans la littérature de la valeur perçue, la confiance et l'intention comportementale pour l'adoption du commerce électronique. Les implications pour la gestion sont discutées dans le document. Clasificación JEL: E21, M31, J16.

A pesar de la evidencia existente en torno a las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres en los procesos de toma de decisiones, así como en la adopción de la tecnología, la investigación llevada a cabo hasta la fecha no ha sido concluyente. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las intenciones comportamentales de los consumidores según su género en los intercambios comerciales B2C. En este sentido, se propone identificar cómo el valor funcional —representando el raciocinio del consumidor—, el valor simbólico —representando la motivación emocional— y la confianza actúan como antecedentes de la intención de compra en el canal online. A partir de los resultados derivados de una investigación empírica sobre 262 consumidores online colombianos, y mediante un cuestionario estructurado para la evaluación de las variables objeto de estudio, se obtiene apoyo a la existencia de diferencias en la formación de las intenciones de los consumidores según su género. Los resultados indican que el valor simbólico tiene un efecto significativo en la intención de compra en las mujeres, mientras que en el colectivo de hombres el valor funcional y la confianza tienen mayor efecto en la intención de compra. Estos resultados contribuyen a aumentar el conocimiento acerca del papel moderador del género en las intenciones comportamentales de los consumidores en los intercambios comerciales b2c en el contexto online en una economía emergente, permitiendo a las empresas comprender mejor cómo dirigir sus esfuerzos en términos de marketing. El trabajo supone una contribución en la literatura del valor percibido, la confianza y la intención comportamental para la adopción del comercio electrónico. Las implicaciones para la gestión son discutidas en el documento. Despite the existing evidence regarding the differences between women and men in decision-making processes, as well as in the adoption of technology, the research carried out to date has not been conclusive. The objective of this paper is to study the behavioral intentions of consumers in B2C commercial exchanges based on their gender. In this sense, the proposal is to identify how the functional value (representing consumer's reasoning), the symbolic value (representing the emotional motivation), and the feeling of trust act as antecedents of the purchase intention in the online channel. Based on the results derived from an empirical research on 262 Colombian online consumers, and through a structured questionnaire for the evaluation of the variables under study, the existence of differences in the formation of consumers’ purchase intentions according to their gender is supported. Results indicate that the symbolic value has a significant effect on women’s purchase intention, while the functional value and trust have a greater effect on men. Such results contribute to increasing knowledge on the moderating role of gender in consumers’ behavioral intentions in B2C commercial exchanges within the online context of an emerging economy, allowing companies to better understand how to direct their efforts in terms of marketing. This work is a contribution to the literature on perceived value, trust and behavioral intention for the adoption of electronic commerce. Implications for management are also discussed in the document. Apesar da evidência existente sobre as diferenças entre mulheres e homens nos processos de tomada de decisão, bem como na adoção da tecnologia, esta pesquisa realizada até o momento ainda não é conclusiva. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar as intenções comportamentais dos consumidores segundo seu gênero nos intercâmbios comerciais B2C. Nesse sentido, propõe-se identificar como o valor funcional — representando o raciocínio do consumidor — e a confiança agem como antecedentes da intenção de compra no canal on-line. A partir dos resultados derivados de uma pesquisa empírica sobre 262 consumidores on-line colombianos e de um questionário estruturado para a avaliação das variáveis objeto de estudo, obtém-se apoio para a existência de diferenças na formação das intenções dos consumidores conforme o gênero. Os resultados indicam que o valor simbólico tem efeito significativo na intenção de compra nas mulheres, enquanto no coletivo de homens o valor funcional e a confiança têm maior efeito na intenção de compra. Esses resultados contribuem para aumentar o conhecimento acerca do papel moderador do gênero nas intenções comportamentais dos consumidores nos intercâmbios comerciais B2C no contexto on-line numa economia emergente, o que permite às empresas compreender melhor como dirigir seus esforços em termos de marketing. O trabalho pretende contribuir para a literatura do valor percebido, da confiança e intenção comportamental para a adoção do comércio eletrônico. As implicações para a gestão são discutidas neste texto.

This paper explores the contrasting notions of "permanance and disposability," "the digital and the physical," and "symbolism and function" in the context of interaction design. Drawing from diverse streams of knowledge, we describe a novel design direction for enduring computational heirlooms based on the marriage of decentralized, trustless software and durable mobile hardware. To justify this concept, we review prior research; attempt to redefine the notion of "material;" propose blockchain-based software as a particular digital material to serve as a substrate for computational heirlooms; and argue for the use of mobile artifacts, informed in terms of their materials and formgiving practices by mechanical wristwatches, as its physical embodiment and functional counterpart. This integration is meant to enable mobile and ubiquitous interactive systems for the storing, experiencing, and exchanging value throughout multiple human lifetimes; showcasing the feats of computational sciences and crafts; and enabling novel user experiences., Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

One of the main assumptions of mathematical tools in science is represented by the idea of measurability and additivity of reality. For discovering the physical universe additive measures such as mass, force, energy, temperature, etc. are used. Economics and conventional business intelligence try to continue this empiricist tradition and in statistical and econometric tools they appeal only to the measurable aspects of reality. However, a lot of important variables of economic systems cannot be observable and additive in principle. These variables can be called symbolic values or symbolic meanings and studied within symbolic interactionism, the theory developed since George Herbert Mead and Herbert Blumer. In statistical and econometric tools of business intelligence we accept only phenomena with causal connections measured by additive measures. In the paper we show that in the social world we deal with symbolic interactions which can be studied by non-additive labels (symbolic meanings or symbolic values). For accepting the variety of such phenomena we should avoid additivity of basic labels and construct a new probabilistic method in business intelligence based on non-Archimedean probabilities.

RESUMO O objetivo deste caso de ensino é gerar aprendizagem sobre a criação de valor simbólico e cultural de bens de consumo no contexto da comunicação virtual. Dessa forma, o caso também permite aprender sobre a importância desse tipo de valor dentro das práticas de marketing digital. A história gravita em torno da gestora Anna, que enfrenta uma crise na empresa que administra com sua mãe, diretora e fundadora. A Tear é uma empresa no segmento de moda, que confecciona objetos caracterizados pelo design sofisticado, trabalho artesanal refinado e peças únicas. Ao atender uma consumidora que pretende adquirir um vestido de noiva, Anna escuta um relato sobre a Tiffany’s & Co. e vislumbra, então, uma alternativa potencial para enfrentar a crise. Depois de conversar com a diretora, decide investir em uma visita na sede da Tiffany’s & Co. em Nova Iorque, nos Estudos Unidos. Ela conversa com várias pessoas e adquire várias experiências. Com tudo isso, Anna descobre como o marketing digital e o comércio eletrônico podem transformar produtos artesanais em objetos de desejo, conciliando inovação com tradição. Todavia, descobre também o inverso: como a dimensão cultural e simbólica pode qualificar as práticas de marketing digital. ABSTRACT The aim of this teaching case is to generate learning about the creation of symbolic and cultural value of goods in the context of virtual communication. Thus, the case also lets us learn about the importance of this kind of value within the digital marketing practices. The story takes place around the management of Anna, facing a crisis in the company that she manages with his mother, current director and founder. Tear is a company in the fashion segment, which manufactures objects characterized by sophisticated design, refined craftsmanship and unique pieces. When Anna was helping a costumer choosing a wedding dress, hears a story about Tiffany's & Co. and perceive it as a potential alternative to face the company crisis. After talking to the director, Anna decides to visit the headquarters of Tiffany & Co. in New York. She talks to several people and had different experiences. In the end, Anna discovers how digital marketing and e-commerce can transform craft products into objects of desire, combining innovation with tradition. However, she also gets the opposite: how cultural and symbolic dimension can qualify digital marketing practices. RESUMEN El objetivo de este caso de enseñanza es generar aprendizaje sobre la creación de valor simbólico y cultural de los bienes en el contexto de la comunicación virtual. Por lo tanto, el caso también nos permite aprender sobre la importancia de este tipo de valor dentro de las prácticas de marketing digital. La historia tiene lugar en torno a la gestión de Anna, frente a una crisis en la empresa que maneja con su madre, actual directora y fundadora. Tear es una empresa del segmento de la moda que fabrica objetos caracterizados por un diseño sofisticado, artesanía refinada y piezas únicas. Cuando Anna estaba ayudando a un cliente a elegir un vestido de novia, escucha una historia sobre Tiffany's & Co. y ella percibe como una alternativa potencial para enfrentar la crisis de la compañía. Después de hablar con el director, Anna decide visitar la sede de Tiffany & Co. en Nueva York. Ella habla con varias personas y tuvo diferentes experiencias. Al final, Anna descubre cómo el marketing digital y el comercio electrónico pueden transformar los productos artesanales en objetos de deseo, combinando la innovación con la tradición. Sin embargo, también se percibe lo opuesto: cómo la dimensión cultural y simbólica puede calificar las prácticas de marketing digital.

Sur quels critères faut-il se fonder pour conserver un arbre urbain en tant que patrimoine à transmettre ? Trois hypothèses seront explorées dans le cas de la ville de Tunis. La première est liée au rôle environnemental et esthétique des arbres. Utiles à la qualité de vie et à la santé urbaine, ils doivent être conservés pour le bien-être des habitants. La deuxième soutient que les arbres plantés dans les villes peuvent être considérés comme des monuments au sens où ils évoquent la mémoire urbaine. La dernière relève de l’attachement intime, souvent symbolique, voire religieux, que les habitants peuvent éprouver pour tel ou tel arbre. L’arbre contribue ainsi à forger l’identité des citadins en marquant leur espace de vie. What criteria should be used for preserving an urban tree as a cultural heritage to be transmitted? Three hypotheses are examined in the case of the city of Tunis. The first relates to the environmental and aesthetic role played by trees, their useful contribution to the quality of life and health in the urban environment, and the need to preserve them to ensure the well-being of the population. The second hypothesis supports the idea that trees may be considered as monuments in the sense of evoking an urban memory. The third hypothesis concerns a personal, often symbolic or even religious attachment of the inhabitants to certain trees. The tree thus contributes to forging the identity of the inhabitants of the city by marking their living environment.

Water towers are symbolical landmarks that refer to the industrialization. The oldest water towers are technical and industrial assets whose current and future evolution is a sensitive matter as a result of the economic context that brought about the closing of numerous industrial enterprises and abandoning infrastructure assets, including water towers. Some water towers were included on the national cultural-heritage lists across the world, thanks to the manifold values they incorporate (technological, historical, architectural, esthetical, among others). In this context, it has become necessary to convert them, with the twofold purpose of conserving them and assigning them a new function, for the local community members. Although there are numerous models for good practice in the conversion of water towers in several European countries, in Romania their reuse is a difficult process, most of the time burdened by shortcomings of legislation or lack of financial support. The study’s main purpose is to present reasons for the conversion of water towers and to highlight several good practice models, as well as to present several water towers with a high potential for conversion.

The aim of this paper is to study the process of symbolic value creation of human capital-intensive firms. Human capital is a critical resource for firms’ activities. Nevertheless, this dimension is often obscured by industrial economists. In the light of critical resource theory, we analyze how taking into account the inalienable and inimitable nature of specific human capital entails a reconsideration of the role and boundaries of the firm. We show that the firm seeks to coordinate the specialization of its key partners within the frame of its economic boundaries to ensure the long-term optimization of its potential of value. Therefore, the value of the firm depends on all the resources that the firm coordinates. Then we focus on the way HCIF can create different values. We suggest that the firm builds its competitive advantage on different forms of values, in particular the symbolic value incorporated in human capital. Finally, on the basis of these considerations, we identify the wealth included in the critical resources of the firm and to bring to light the process of symbolic value creation associated with it. We suggest that the firm is the value creating entity and the customer both recognizes and derives the value created from whatever it is that the firm provides. We propose a definition of this value and a schema of its creation process based on management works attempts. We conclude by proposing paths of research that could fruitfully be explored to further develop this new subject.

2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed every single day, and an increasing amount of this is specialty coffee. The third wave of coffee focuses on quality, taste and variety and consumers demand socially responsible coffee, but despite many initiatives to return more value to producers, most of the world’s coffee producers still struggle to make a living. The majority of the value of a cup of coffee is created and remains in consuming countries. This thesis looks at the phenomenon of micro mills in Costa Rica, which started as a reaction to the coffee crisis in the early 2000s. Since then, around 150 micro mills have popped up around the country, run by small-scale coffee producers. These are aimed at the specialty coffee industry, which demands high-quality coffee and transparency in the supply chain. This thesis is based on interviews and participant observation with coffee producers, exporters, importers, roasters and other members of the coffee industry. Data has been collected in Costa Rica and Norway by using qualitative research methods. Three different case studies that follow the supply chain of coffee all the way from Costa Rica to Norway are used to illustrate what effects micro mills have on the lives of coffee producers and what they mean to other actors in the industry. This thesis asks the questions ‘How have micro mills affected the lives of small-scale coffee producers in Costa Rica?’ and ‘How can micro mills enable participation in the specialty coffee segment and how can this benefit producers?’ It concludes that in most cases, micro mills lead to higher prices and higher economic sustainability for producers, in addition to other intangible benefits. It discusses how micro mills allow producers to aspire to something more and move forward in their search for the good life. It also examines micro mills in the larger context of specialty coffee, looking at four different aspects; quality, direct trade, relationships and symbolic value. It concludes that micro mills control a larger part of the supply chain, but still meet some challenges in terms of transparency and power. It shows that producers appreciate more direct long-relationships with buyers, that quality is the most important criteria and that micro mills add value to the coffee. It also concludes that micro mills are a positive alternative for producers who want to enter the specialty coffee segment of the market.

Submitted by Núcleo de Pós-Graduação Administração (npgadm@ufba.br) on 2018-03-05T19:58:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TRADIÇÃO E INOVAÇÃO NA ERA DIGITAL VALOR SIMBÓLICO, CULTURA E MARKETING.pdf: 574135 bytes, checksum: a116fd106ebcaa45732eb942f83a067f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2018-03-06T20:47:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TRADIÇÃO E INOVAÇÃO NA ERA DIGITAL VALOR SIMBÓLICO, CULTURA E MARKETING.pdf: 574135 bytes, checksum: a116fd106ebcaa45732eb942f83a067f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T20:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TRADIÇÃO E INOVAÇÃO NA ERA DIGITAL VALOR SIMBÓLICO, CULTURA E MARKETING.pdf: 574135 bytes, checksum: a116fd106ebcaa45732eb942f83a067f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 O objetivo deste caso de ensino é gerar aprendizagem sobre a criação de valor simbólico e cultural de bens de consumo no contexto da comunicação virtual. Dessa forma, o caso também permite aprender sobre a importância desse tipo de valor dentro das práticas de marketing digital. A história gravita em torno da gestora Anna, que enfrenta uma crise na empresa que administra com sua mãe, diretora e fundadora. A Tear é uma empresa no segmento de moda, que confecciona objetos caracterizados pelo design sofisticado, trabalho artesanal refinado e peças únicas. Ao atender uma consumidora que pretende adquirir um vestido de noiva, Anna escuta um relato sobre a Tiffany‟s & Co. e vislumbra, então, uma alternativa potencial para enfrentar a crise. Depois de conversar com a diretora, decide investir em uma visita na sede da Tiffany‟s & Co. em Nova Iorque, nos Estudos Unidos. Ela conversa com várias pessoas e adquire várias experiências. Com tudo isso, Anna descobre como o marketing digital e o comércio eletrônico podem transformar produtos artesanais em objetos de desejo, conciliando inovação com tradição. Todavia, descobre também o inverso: como a dimensão cultural e simbólica pode qualificar as práticas de marketing digital. Porto Alegre

Over the last decade, buying in-game content with real money has become a more common practice among players in order to unlock exclusive content in video games. Prior research has mainly focused on those functional digital items that provide an advantage to the buyer. This thesis aims to determine the underlying factors that influence video game players to purchase purely aesthetic virtual items.Prior studies on the field of video games, gaming business models and purchasing behaviour were reviewed and a theoretical framework focused on behavioural sciences, psychology and customer culture related theories was designed to interpret the results of a quantitative study. The popular FPS (First Person Shooter), Counter Strike Global Offensive was the selected game to carry out the study. A web-based questionnaire was distributed in various specialized online forums, providing a total of 1006 respondents. A linear regression was the selected method to test the formulated model. Results showed a strong influence of emotional and symbolic perceived values in the purchase intention of aesthetic virtual items, while gaming experience and enjoyment had a minor impact.

Understanding the key features driving tenants' decision to or not to lease green and non-green buildings is important for building owners and developers- especially in today's era of sustainable development. Although evidence shown that green buildings could fetch a rental price premium over non-green buildings, it is not known as to what drives tenants' leasing decision. In addressing this gap, the aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for explaining tenants' leasing decision for green and non-green buildings. More specifically, it attempts to (1) identify key building features of green and non-green buildings, and external influences that could affect tenants' decision; and (2) review relevant theories underpinning tenants' behaviours. The research was conducted by using literature survey on related publications, including, but not limited to, books, journal articles, and market and government research reports. The review shows that building features could be broadly classified into: instrumental (i.e. tangible) and symbolic (i.e. non-tangible) aspects and that these two aspects could collectively influence tenants' decision to lease and pay the price premium for green over non-green buildings. In particular, tenants' decision on leasing green buildings might not be only driven by mandatory regulations or sustainability features but also by expectations to fulfil different, possibly conflicting, values, and willingness to portray their identity. To probe this, this conceptual framework integrates four different theories; Expectation-value theory, Push-pull theory, Symbolic self-completion theory, and Theory of bounded rationality. This framework will be tested in subsequent stages of the research project. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Typical determinants of office building rental prices include location, height, age, and other tangible features of a building - and this is no exception to green buildings. Although evidence shown that green office buildings command rental premium than comparable non-green office buildings, literature could not fully explain causes of the higher rental prices. In addressing this gap, the aim of this research is to identify possible rental price attributes of green office buildings. More specifically, this study attempts to (1) analyse collective influence of various rental price attributes of green buildings, (2) review methods applied to probe the rental price attributes. The study was conducted by systematic review and meta-analysis on related literature. The result shows that literature identified rental attributes of green buildings using regression analysis, and these attributes are mostly indifferent to those of non-green buildings. Limited attention was given to attributes that are specific to green buildings. More specifically, green office building' symbolic aspect was not considered when analysing its rental premium. The result will be utilised in subsequent stage of the research project to probe the significance of its impacts. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Urban creative clusters are currently a major focus of attention, as their prominent position in both local political and academic circles makes evident. Many authors stress the importance of spatial concentration for creative industries. However, only a few studies have focused on the individual entrepreneur. As a result, empirical evidence of the meaning of urban place as a site for social networks and a space for inspiration is still scarce. This is of some consequence as entrepreneurs provide a crucial link between creative activities and economic change and development. This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating how different creative entrepreneurs choose and evaluate their location. Using qualitative interviews with entrepreneurs in two creative clusters in the Berlin neighbourhoods Prenzlauer Berg and Kreuzberg, this article shows the significance of the look and feel of specific places and explains how and for whom local networks are important.

The purpose of this essay is to study the effects of when an industry develops from production to become an experience for visitors, this interest comes from previous theoretical studies of the concept experiencescapes. This has been done by a qualitative method which involves both interviews and a content analysis. What is the significance attraction for tourism in one place? How can product the creation of an industry contributes to a strong brand at one place? and How makes the transition from industrial to experience the symbolic value of a place?To get these questions answered we’ve used qualitative methods in the shape of interviews and content analysis. The interviews were in the form of deep interviews, shorter semi-structured interviews, one phone interview and one mail interview. The content analysis is based on websites, social media and papers in relation to Sala and Sala Silvergruva. The theoretical aspect regards these essays three themes: tourism, brand and symbolic value.Previous studies that have been made is within the area Bergslagen where most industrial communities meet the transition to the hospitality industry.Based on theory and empirical work we have come up with interesting analyzes and conclusions regarding the problems, but also opportunities for industrial sites to develop as strong experiences. It is clear that tourism is important in site development and that this is governed by brands and a strong symbolic value. To achieve stable development a place needs to work coherently with these three areas.Keywords: Tourism, Brand, Symbol, Culture, Mine, Industry, experience.

International audience; This article discusses the sociolinguistic parameters that have made Spanish the most studied language, after English, as a Foreign Language for Special Purposes. In a globalised world where anything language related is desired, Spanish has commercial value. This article discusses how demographic weight, linguistic vitality, internal and external prestige of the language as well as its communicative value come together to make Spanish an international language with added value in the “special club” of the hispanophone community. The key role played by the Spanish speaking diaspora in both the United States and Europe where the diatopic, diaphasic and distratic varieties come together simultaneously with the different generations of speakers: native speakers, new speakers or heritage speakers.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama paskutinio sovietmečio dešimtmečio Kauno tapybos simbolinė vertė tuometinėje dailėtyroje. Kūrinių vertinimo kriterijų ieškoma atsižvelgiant j laikotarpio ambivalentiškumą, kurio išraiška - balansavimas tarp privalomų ideologinių straipsnių ir kompromisinės dailėtyros „žiniasklaidos paraštėse“. Tiriami straipsniai, spausdinti tiek kultūrinėje, tiek populiariojoje žiniasklaidoje. Analizuojami vertinimo kriterijai, lėmę vyresnės dailininkų kartos kūrybos periferiškumą. Tiriama XX a. 9 dešimtmečio viduryje dailėtyroje sustiprėjusi dvasingumo kategorija bei originalus nacionalinės dailės mokyklos kaip kūrinių vertinimo kriterijaus traktavimas. The article examines the symbolic value of Kaunas painting in the late Soviet times. The criteria of works evaluation were formed by Art history articles. The researched time is characterized as ambivalent. That means Art history is balancing between the obligatory ideological articles and compromising art history articles in the margins of the media”. So both cultural and popular media articles are researched. The study analyses the criteria that evaluated the painting of older generation as peripheral. Also the study investigates such evaluation criteria as the original approach to National Art School and spirituality category that became essential in the middle of nineties.

El presente trabajo está centrado en el análisis de textos de origen indígena recopilados en la antología Antes el Amanecer. El análisis está fundamentado en la manifestación de los valores simbólicos memoria, territorio, autonomía y cultura, a través de la configuración de un lenguaje mítico-literario. En el primer capítulo se trabajan los valores simbólicos memoria y territorio. En el segundo autonomía y cultura, y en el tercero la manifestación del lenguaje mítico-literario en unos géneros específicos. Se concluye, entre otras cosas, diciendo que los valores simbólicos están estrechamente relacionados y que a través de creaciones mítico-literarias, son portadores de conocimientos ancestrales, valiosos para las comunidades indígenas. Abstract. The present work is centered in the analysis of texts from indigenous origin, compiled in the anthology Antes el Amanecer. The analysis is based in the manifestation of the symbolic values memory, territory, autonomy and culture, through the configuration of a mythical and literary language. In the first chapter the symbolic values memory and territory are worked. In the second autonomy and culture, and in the third the manifestation of the mythical and literary language in some specific genres. The work concludes, among other conclusions, by saying that the symbolic values are closely related and that through mythical and literary creations, they contain ancient knowledges, valuable for the indigenous communities. Maestría

Submitted by Marta Jesus (martaliciatelesbr@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-05-08T18:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MARTA LICIA.pdf: 933082 bytes, checksum: 6a69d8bdeed61a8a3768854b3624e2e8 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2015-05-14T15:36:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MARTA LICIA.pdf: 933082 bytes, checksum: 6a69d8bdeed61a8a3768854b3624e2e8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T15:36:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MARTA LICIA.pdf: 933082 bytes, checksum: 6a69d8bdeed61a8a3768854b3624e2e8 (MD5) CNPQ Nesta pesquisa, apresenta-se uma discussão sobre o valor simbólico do diploma de nível superior para as professoras que atuam na Educação Infantil e Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental das redes públicas de ensino que fizeram parte da primeira turma do curso de Pedagogia realizado pela Universidade Federal da Bahia – UFBA, entre 2010 e 2013, durante a execução do Plano Nacional de Formação dos Professores da Educação Básica – PARFOR. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi investigar o fenômeno da titulação dos professores da Educação Básica. Os objetivos específicos foram: a) conhecer as razões que levaram as professoras-estudantes a investir na obtenção do diploma de nível superior; b) compreender o significado da vivência universitária do curso de Pedagogia na trajetória dessas professoras; c) perceber as expectativas delas em torno das possíveis vantagens que esperavam ter ao concluírem a licenciatura; d) investigar o lugar ocupado pela UFBA no valor simbólico atribuído a formação de nível superior pelos participantes. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo, no qual foram utilizadas diversas estratégias, sobretudo, as desenvolvidas usualmente nos estudos etnográficos da área da educação, e a metodologia e o método da História Oral. Os principais interlocutores para a construção das categorias de análise foram: Pierre Bourdieu e Norbert Elias. Os achados apontam para a compreensão das aspirações das professoras-estudantes e de suas famílias em terem acesso a graus mais elevados de escolarização, especialmente, o direito a um diploma de nível superior, e mostram também a necessidade delas cursarem Pedagogia de forma a superarem um processo de estigmatização, provocado a partir da divulgação da LDB (Lei 9394/96) e vivenciado no interior das escolas e redes de ensino, por não terem a titulação desejável. Assim como, evidenciam a chance que as professoras tiveram de satisfazer essa necessidade, através da conclusão do curso em uma universidade pública como a UFBA, a qual no decorrer da vivência acadêmica ganhou um lugar de relevância e destaque na pesquisa. As considerações concernentes ao trabalho, dizem respeito à importância de investigar a perspectiva das professoras-estudantes, neste momento em que é preciso refletir sobre a forma como vem ocorrendo o processo de titulação dos docentes da Educação Básica, de nível médio para o ensino superior. ABSTRACT In this research, I discuss the symbolic value of a superior-level diploma for female teachers who worked in Childhood Programs and Elementary classes in public educational systems. Specifically, the focus was on the first cohort who participated in the pedagogy program at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) during the implementation of the National Plan for the Training of Teachers in Elementary Education—PARFOR, between 2010 and 2013. A key objective of the research was to evaluate what the diploma meant to Elementary Education teachers, based on the life stories of teachers - students. The research sought a) to learn the motives that led the teacher - students to seek a superior-level diploma; b) to evaluate the impact of enrolling, remaining in the course, and completing the pedagogical program on the trajectory of these teachers; c) to analyze expectations with respect to the possible benefits to be gained upon conclusion of the course of study; and d) investigate the symbolic value of a superior-level degree from UFBA. The research is of a qualitative nature. I used diverse research strategies, including ethnographic approaches to the study of education along with Oral Histories, to understand the personal background of the teacher-students, their day-today lives during the enrollment period, the course of study, and graduation from the university. Major works informing the study included those by Pierre Bourdieu and Norbert Elias. The findings demonstrate that the teacher-students and their families seek access to higher levels of education, in particular the right to a superior-level diploma in the case of the teachers. They also demonstrate a perceived need to attain a superior-level diploma in Education in order to overcome stigmas associated with the LDB (Law 9394/96) and biases exhibited inside the schools and school systems towards individuals without superior-level diplomas. The research demonstrates as well a sense of fulfillment and affirmation among those individuals who completed the course of study at UFBA. It is important to evaluate access to superior-level training and degree programs for teachers at elementary, middle and upper level schools. It is equally important to reflect on the personal experiences of individuals who pursue these advanced degrees.

Submitted by Marta Jesus (martaliciatelesbr@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-05-08T18:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MARTA LICIA.pdf: 933082 bytes, checksum: 6a69d8bdeed61a8a3768854b3624e2e8 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2015-05-14T15:36:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MARTA LICIA.pdf: 933082 bytes, checksum: 6a69d8bdeed61a8a3768854b3624e2e8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T15:36:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE MARTA LICIA.pdf: 933082 bytes, checksum: 6a69d8bdeed61a8a3768854b3624e2e8 (MD5) CNPQ Nesta pesquisa, apresenta-se uma discussão sobre o valor simbólico do diploma de nível superior para as professoras que atuam na Educação Infantil e Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental das redes públicas de ensino que fizeram parte da primeira turma do curso de Pedagogia realizado pela Universidade Federal da Bahia – UFBA, entre 2010 e 2013, durante a execução do Plano Nacional de Formação dos Professores da Educação Básica – PARFOR. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi investigar o fenômeno da titulação dos professores da Educação Básica. Os objetivos específicos foram: a) conhecer as razões que levaram as professoras-estudantes a investir na obtenção do diploma de nível superior; b) compreender o significado da vivência universitária do curso de Pedagogia na trajetória dessas professoras; c) perceber as expectativas delas em torno das possíveis vantagens que esperavam ter ao concluírem a licenciatura; d) investigar o lugar ocupado pela UFBA no valor simbólico atribuído a formação de nível superior pelos participantes. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo, no qual foram utilizadas diversas estratégias, sobretudo, as desenvolvidas usualmente nos estudos etnográficos da área da educação, e a metodologia e o método da História Oral. Os principais interlocutores para a construção das categorias de análise foram: Pierre Bourdieu e Norbert Elias. Os achados apontam para a compreensão das aspirações das professoras-estudantes e de suas famílias em terem acesso a graus mais elevados de escolarização, especialmente, o direito a um diploma de nível superior, e mostram também a necessidade delas cursarem Pedagogia de forma a superarem um processo de estigmatização, provocado a partir da divulgação da LDB (Lei 9394/96) e vivenciado no interior das escolas e redes de ensino, por não terem a titulação desejável. Assim como, evidenciam a chance que as professoras tiveram de satisfazer essa necessidade, através da conclusão do curso em uma universidade pública como a UFBA, a qual no decorrer da vivência acadêmica ganhou um lugar de relevância e destaque na pesquisa. As considerações concernentes ao trabalho, dizem respeito à importância de investigar a perspectiva das professoras-estudantes, neste momento em que é preciso refletir sobre a forma como vem ocorrendo o processo de titulação dos docentes da Educação Básica, de nível médio para o ensino superior. ABSTRACT In this research, I discuss the symbolic value of a superior-level diploma for female teachers who worked in Childhood Programs and Elementary classes in public educational systems. Specifically, the focus was on the first cohort who participated in the pedagogy program at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) during the implementation of the National Plan for the Training of Teachers in Elementary Education—PARFOR, between 2010 and 2013. A key objective of the research was to evaluate what the diploma meant to Elementary Education teachers, based on the life stories of teachers - students. The research sought a) to learn the motives that led the teacher - students to seek a superior-level diploma; b) to evaluate the impact of enrolling, remaining in the course, and completing the pedagogical program on the trajectory of these teachers; c) to analyze expectations with respect to the possible benefits to be gained upon conclusion of the course of study; and d) investigate the symbolic value of a superior-level degree from UFBA. The research is of a qualitative nature. I used diverse research strategies, including ethnographic approaches to the study of education along with Oral Histories, to understand the personal background of the teacher-students, their day-today lives during the enrollment period, the course of study, and graduation from the university. Major works informing the study included those by Pierre Bourdieu and Norbert Elias. The findings demonstrate that the teacher-students and their families seek access to higher levels of education, in particular the right to a superior-level diploma in the case of the teachers. They also demonstrate a perceived need to attain a superior-level diploma in Education in order to overcome stigmas associated with the LDB (Law 9394/96) and biases exhibited inside the schools and school systems towards individuals without superior-level diplomas. The research demonstrates as well a sense of fulfillment and affirmation among those individuals who completed the course of study at UFBA. It is important to evaluate access to superior-level training and degree programs for teachers at elementary, middle and upper level schools. It is equally important to reflect on the personal experiences of individuals who pursue these advanced degrees.

This thesis examines the emergence of the organization, the Glasgow UNESCO City of Music, following the award of the title UNESCO City of music to Glasgow in 2008 from a Bourdieusian perspective. Bourdieu’s concepts of field, habitus, and particularly capital are used to interrogate the negotiation of symbolic capital (Bourdieu, 1986) in the field of music in Glasgow. The thesis examines how the members of the organization–viewed their organization’s position in the field of music in Glasgow and their attempts to secure its legitimacy in a field with established players. It shows how agents ‘work’ to negotiate for the positions they want, or need, in order to establish the legitimacy, and thus the position, of an organization through the acquisition and use of capital. Although cultural capital is a core constituent of an organization’s original position in the field of music the dominant and influential position of economic capital means that it is the symbolic capital associated with being granted funding rather than cultural capital, which influences and thus legitimate organizations in the cultural field. In its discussion of capital the thesis contributes to the literature on institutional work and organizational legitimacy.

The focus of this two year master’s thesis in Library- and Information science is the study of two Swedish Public Library buildings with the examples Lomma and Halmstad. The main goal and purpose of the thesis is to try to uncover which views and values of the public library are expressed in the examined libraries; and to what extent these views manifests are shown in its architecture. The theoretical framework is based on Raymond Williams’s cultural concepts of effective, dominant culture and the two extremities of this culture, called residual and emergent cultures. A second aspect is Yi-Fu Tuans concepts of Space and Place. The study also uses a historical background of Swedish Public Library Buildings. By close reading and textual analyses, the empirical study focuses on the municipalities’ documents surrounding the building of the library buildings in Lomma and Halmstad. The architectural perspective is studied through the architects own documents and architectural journals discussing the built Library Buildings. Results show that the technological advances of the time these libraries were built has put them in a position of change, which also is visible in the architecture. The libraries in Lomma and Halmstad function as civic icons of the community and the architecture is very dependent of the places where they are situated. The expressions of the two libraries differ in details but the overall result show that the values exhibited behind the building of the examined libraries is a part of a historical residual culture, functioning as effective and dominant. The conclusion of the thesis is that the expression of the architecture is however a part of an emergent culture. The buildings aim to comprise the values and display the diverse causes in its architecture. The buildings seek to manifest the ideal activity and working of the modern Public Library.

La recuperación del patrimonio vinculado a la guerra civil española es un tema controvertido que gana relevancia desde distintos enfoques. Uno de ellos es su potencial simbólico y de refuerzo de la identidad, en la que basar nuevas propuestas turísticas para la diversificación económica. Apenas es conocida la importancia de este periodo de la historia en el Vinalopó y, sin embargo, éste posee un claro valor para la diferenciación de sus municipios con fines educativos, recreativos y turísticos. The recovery of the heritage linked to the Spanish Civil War is a controversial topic that gains relevancy from different approaches. One of them is its symbolic potential and of reinforcement of the identity on which to base new tourist offers for the economic diversification. The importance of this period of history in the Vinalopó is hardly known and, nevertheless, it possesses a clear value for the differentiation of his municipalities with educational, recreative and tourist ends.

The article examines essence and possibilities of a new method for distributed problem solving - crowdsourcing. Specified tasks classification. The interaction of the main subjects of crowdsourcing are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of its use in Ukrainian conditions is analyzed., В статье рассмотрена сущность и возможности нового метода распределенного решения задач – краудсорсинга. Уточнена классификация решаемых задач. Рассмотрены взаимодействия основных субъектов краудсорсинга. Проанализированы преимущества и недостатки его использования в украинских условиях., У статті розглянуто сутність і можливості нового методу розподіленого рішення задач - краудсорсингу. Уточнено класифікацію вирішуваних завдань. Розглянуто взаємодії основних суб'єктів краудсорсінгу. Проаналізовано переваги і недоліки його використання в українських умовах.

Цель. Целью данной статьи является социально-философский анализ символического аспекта потребления в современном обществе.Методика. Методологическую основу статьи составил принцип системности, который включил в себя анализ социоэкономической системы в целостности и неразрывности социальных и экономических факторов, детерминант и процессов. Методы феноменологизации и концептуализации позволили проанализировать научные представления о символическом потреблении, раскрыть теоретические аспекты общества потребления и процесса институционализации потребления.Результаты. На основе проведенного исследования обосновано, что концепция символического потребления является краеугольным камнем теории постмодерна; доказано, что символическое потребление связано с механизмами социальной идентификации, охватывает не только мировоззрение, но и всю социальную систему жизнедеятельности человека.Научная новизна. Проведенный социально-философский анализ потребления позволил утверждать, что потребление можно рассматривать как один из видов социального вза¬имодействия, а практика символического потребления является принципом, по которому моделируются взаимоотношения в обществе.Практическая значимость. Анализ символического характера потребления дает возможность выявить сущность человеческих взаимоотношений в постмодернистском общест¬ве. Социально-философский дискурс этой проблемы может стать теоретической основой для разработки способов корректирования девиаций и дисфункций общества потребления., Мета. Метою цієї статті є соціально-філософський аналіз символічного аспекту споживання в сучасному суспільстві.Методика. Методологічною основою статті є принцип системності, який містить аналіз соціоекономічної системи в цілісності й нерозривності соціальних та економічних чинників, детермінант і процесів. Методи феноменологізації й концептуалізації дозволили проаналізувати наукові уявлення про символічне споживання, розкрити теоретичні аспекти суспільства споживання і процесу інституціоналізації споживання.Результати. На основі, що проводилось дослідження обґрунтовано, що концепція символічного споживання є наріжним каменем теорії постмодерну; доведено, що символічне споживання пов'язане з механізмами соціальної ідентифікації, охоплює не тільки світогляд, але й усю соціальну систему життєдіяльності людини.Наукова новизна. Соціально-філософський аналіз споживання, що проводився дозволив стверджувати, що споживання можна розглядати як один із видів соціальної взаємодії, а практика символічного споживання є принципом, згідно з яким моделюються взаємини в суспільстві.Практична значущість. Аналіз символічного характеру споживання надає можливості виявити сутність людських взаємин у постмодерністському суспільстві. Соціально-філософський дискурс цієї проблеми може стати теоретичною основою для розроблення способів коригування девіацій і дисфункцій суспільства споживання., Objective. The purpos e of this article is a socio-philosophical analysis of the symbolic aspects of consumption in modern society.Methods. The principle of systems is the methodological basis of the article, it includes the analysis of the socio-economic system in the integrity and continuity of social and economic factors, determinants and processes. Methods of fenomenologization and conceptualization make it possible to analyze the scientific understanding of the symbolic consumption, reveal the theoretical aspects of a consumerion society and the process of institutionalization of consumption.Results. On the base of the research it is grounded that the concept of symbolic consumption is a cornerstone of the theory of postmodernism, it is proved that the symbolic consumption is associated with the mechanisms of social identification, covers not only the world, but the whole social system of human activity.Scientific novelty. Socio-philosophical analysis of consumption allows to claim that consumption can be seen as one of the forms of social interaction, and the practice of symbolic consumption is the principle on which the relationships in society are modeled.Practical value. Analysis of symbolic character of consumption makes it possible to identify the nature of human relationships in a postmodern society. Social and philosophical discourse of this problem may become the theoretical basis for the development of methods of correcting of deviations and dysfunctions of the consumer society.

This article is about the just baptized “Plaza de las Artes”. It is one of the projects of the process than several years ago. The Major of the city of San Jose started the urban renovation of the city and those good yields has offered. The lamentable thing is not the good intention but the inadequate of space which has been remodelled since there are several architectonical structures declared national patrimony existing is this site: Nuestra Señora de La Soledad and Casa San Pancracio, ICOMOS office in Costa Rica. In this new city is common that the urban space is baptized and red baptized, modelled and remodelled to the ill of those who shows the power. What concerns the archaeological track the collective memory of the citizen, the existential space of the district, what interests is “to make history”, to patent spaces to immortalized nomenclature. Este artículo trata sobre la recién bautizada Plaza de las Artes, más arraigada en la memoria colectiva como Plazoleta de la Soledad. Es un proyecto más del proceso que hace varios años inició el señor Alcalde de la ciudad de San José, en pro de la renovación urbana de la ciudad y que buenos réditos le ha brindado. Lo lamentable no es la buena intención, sino la inadecuada remodelación espacial, ya que en este sitio existen varias estructuras arquitectónicas declaradas patrimonio nacional: el templo de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad y la Casa San Pancracio, sede del ICOMOS de Costa Rica. Resulta común en esta ciudad novicia, que el espacio urbano se bautiza y rebautiza, se modela y remodela, al antojo de quien ostenta el poder. Qué importa la huella arqueológica, la memoria colectiva del ciudadano, el espacio existencial del barrio, lo que interesa es “hacer historia”, “patentar” espacios, inmortalizar nomenclatura.