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The cerebral cortex undergoes rapid microstructural changes throughout the third trimester. Recently, there has been growing interest on imaging features that represent cyto/myeloarchitecture underlying intracortical myelination, cortical gray matter (GM), and its adjacent superficial whitematter (sWM). Using 92 magnetic resonance imaging scans from 78 preterm neonates, the current study used combined T1-weighted/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) intensity ratio and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), to characterize the developing cyto/myeloarchitectural architecture. DTI metrics showed a linear trajectory: FA decreased in GM but increased in sWM with time; and MD decreased in both GM and sWM. Conversely, T1w/T2w measurements showed a distinctive parabolic trajectory, revealing additional cyto/myeloarchitectural signature inferred. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal courses were regionally heterogeneous: central, ventral, and temporal regions of GM and sWM exhibited faster T1w/T2w changes; anterior sWM areas exhibited faster FA increases; and central and cingulate areas in GM and sWM exhibited faster MD decreases. These results may explain cyto/myeloarchitectural processes, including dendritic arborization, synaptogenesis, glial proliferation, and radial glial cell organization and apoptosis. Finally, T1w/T2w values were significantly associated with 1-year language and cognitive outcome scores, while MD significantly decreased with intraventricular hemorrhage.

Objective Our objective was to evaluate the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in low birth weight (LBW) neonates and to evaluate the compliance of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) providers in performing urine cultures as a part of late-onset sepsis (LOS) evaluations following an educational intervention. Study Design A retrospective chart review for all LBW infants undergoing LOS evaluations was performed. An educational intervention was conducted to encourage NICU providers to perform urine cultures in LOS evaluations. Prospective chart reviews were conducted following the intervention to assess compliance with the urine culture directive and the incidence of UTIs before and after the intervention. Results Rate of UTIs among LBW neonates was 1.3% for the entire study period and typical uropathogens were the cause. UTIs were found concurrently with bacteremia in only 33.3% of cases and showed a predilection for male infants when analyzing based on the number of infections. Urine cultures were performed in 20% of LOS evaluations prior to our educational intervention and increased to 57% (p Conclusion An educational intervention is effective at increasing the rate of obtaining urine cultures with LOS evaluations. Performing these cultures reveals that UTIs in LBW neonates are common without bacteremia and can be missed if they are omitted from LOS evaluations. Key Points

Introduction The impact of modifications in curriculum and clinical rotations made secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education has yet to be fully investigated. We observed differences in the types of patients seen by medical students that may have resulted from clinical disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We then evaluated what impact these disruptions had on the students' clinical competency. Methods We obtained patient logbooks of third-year medical students (M3) and fourth-year sub-interns (M4) from the first three emergency medicine (EM) rotation blocks of the 2019-2020 (Y19) and 2020-2021 (Y20) academic years. We then reviewed and categorized the chief complaints seen and procedures in which they participated. A robust t-test was used to detect differences in chief complaints and procedures. Finally, we looked for objective differences using the chi-square test in clinical performance between the class of 2021 (Class21) and the class of 2022 (Class22), as assessed by performance on our institution's clinical competency examination. Results Overall, students saw a 25.3% decrease in average number of patient encounters. Statistically significant decreased average numbers of infectious (-28.3%, p=0.013); musculoskeletal (-22.2%, p=0.018); gastrointestinal (GI) (-24.6%, p0.01); genitourinary (GU) (-33.2%, p0.01); head, eyes, ears, nose, throat (HEENT) (-31.1%, p0.01); trauma (-33.0%, p0.01); and respiratory (-45.4%, p0.001) complaints were observed. Both M3s and M4s encountered significantly less GU (-25.6%, p=0.048; -41.7%, p=0.016) and trauma (-29.1%, p=0.023; -33.2%, p=0.032) complaints in Y20. M4s saw significantly less GI complaints (-42.6%, p0.001) in Y20, whereas M3s encountered significantly less psychiatric and HEENT complaints (-30.3%, p=0.046; -34.6%, p=0.013). Both classes saw significantly less respiratory complaints in Y20 but more so for M4s (-65.3%, p0.001) than for M3s (-27.9%, p=0.033). There were no significant differences in average number of procedures between years. We did not observe any differences in overall clinical performance between the two selected classes. While class of 2021 scored a significantly higher average on a case of fatigue (p=0.0004) and class of 2022 on a case of abdominal pain (p0.0001), there were no significant differences in the primary chief complaints that would be attributed to COVID-19, such as dyspnea. Conclusion Modifications made to curricula and clinical rotations due to the COVID-19 pandemic led to students encountering less patients overall, with significant decreases in multiple chief complaint types compared to Y19 but no significant change in procedure numbers. Notably, there was no major impact seen on clinical competency providing a positive argument for considering innovative teaching and learning methods.

Previous studies have suggested the positive influence of social support on the treatment and recovery of eating disorders (EDs). Yet, more research is needed on how objective and subjective social support differ between ED diagnostic groups using nationally representative data. Therefore, the current secondary data analysis examined associations between EDs and objective and subjective social support using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) study.Participants completed measures of lifetime and past year diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) and items assessing objective social support (i.e., number of close friends and close relatives) and subjective social support (i.e., perceptions of availability of support).Compared to those without EDs, those with AN, BN, and BED had poorer subjective social support-or lower perceptions of social support. However, there were fewer differences regarding objective social support. Individuals with BN reported a lower number of close relatives compared to those without EDs and those with AN, but there were no differences in the number of close friends between ED groups. Those who experienced remission from EDs had higher perceptions of social support compared to those with past year EDs.The findings show deficits in subjective social support across EDs but only lower objective social support in BN. This highlights the clinical utility of increasing perceptions of social support across EDs. The findings also show the importance of perceived social support in recovery from EDs.

Objectives Anal cytology is a modality for anal cancer screening in high-risk women. In this retrospective study, we review risk factors associated with abnormal anal cytology and unsatisfactory anal cytology rates, and correlate findings of cytology with histological results. Methods A retrospective cohort study of anal cytology screening in women at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota from 2002 to 2018 was conducted. Results Three hundred fifty-seven women had a total of 592 anal cytologies performed. Three hundred seventeen women had screening anal cytology, whereas 40 women had anal cytology for surveillance given a history of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) or anal cancer. An unsatisfactory anal cytology result was found in 14.7%. Risk factors, type of follow-up, and correlation with histologic specimens were also reviewed. Histologic finding of AIN 2/3 correlated with abnormal anal cytology 84% of the time in this cohort. Conclusions High-risk women should be screened on a periodic basis for anal cancer. Anal cytology is one possible modality that can be used. Further insight into AIN progression, regression, recurrence, and outcome after treatment will help direct future screening recommendations.

Hyperlipidemia is a major risk of atherosclerosis; however, systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis are also known risks for the development of atherosclerosis. Periodontitis, a local and systemic inflammatory condition, has also been reported as a risk for atherosclerosis, but the specific link between periodontitis and atherosclerosis remains somewhat controversial. We previously reported that ligature‑induced periodontitis exacerbates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic Apolipoprotein E‑deficient (

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cancer is a major public health problem in the world, and it dramatically affects the life expectancy of patients and their quality of life. Natural products from botanicals could be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of a variety of cancers. Saffron (the extract of Crocus sativus) includes its major constituent, crocin, have been used as a folk medicine for a long time, and they have shown obvious cancer chemoprevention potential. The objectives of this review are to present the progress of research on the effects of saffron and crocin in cancer management and the underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS: We searched publications in the English language, published between January 1, 1980 and September 30, 2022, of saffron and crocin on cancer through several search engines, i.e., PubMed, SciFinder and Web of Science. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: In this article, we first summarize the phytochemical studies of this botanical. Then, we present the anticancer effects of saffron and crocin on different human cancer cells. Saffron and crocin showed obvious antiproliferative effects on human cancer cell lines, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, leukemia, glioblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Finally, the anticancer-related mechanisms of action are summarized, including cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 or G2/M phases, induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis, signaling pathway-linked tumor metabolism regulation, and adaptive immunity regulated inflammation of host immune responses. CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies related to saffron and crocin in cancer management have been reviewed and reported results have been analyzed. Clinical data suggest that saffron and crocin have beneficial effects to improve quality of life in cancer patients. Thus, saffron and crocin can be considered promising candidates for future clinical cancer studies.

Caesar's Things, the unpublished religious novel by Zelda Fitzgerald, is considered a product of her mental disorder, yet it is rarely analyzed with the tools available through psychoanalytic theory. The often-remarked incoherence of the text becomes more legible when read in terms of psychological trauma instead of the vague idea of madness. At the literal center of the novel in chapter 4 are traces of an unrepresented trauma, which doubles and is screened by an explicitly described trauma in chapter 1, and whose repercussions affect the main character Janno throughout the novel. The narrative form itself exhibits features associated with posttraumatic experience, such as the centrality of death, the splitting of the self, the distortion of temporality, and the shattering of witness seen in failures of memory and language. Yet far from merely recording psychosis, the narrative frame consciously establishes a stabilizing architecture for these posttraumatic traits, adapting a clear structure derived from biblical motifs and decentering the psychiatrists represented in the manuscript. In Caesar's Things, Zelda Fitzgerald represents an unresolved wound to the psyche but indicates hope of healing in a future redemption.

Objective Optimal prescriptions practices of opioids in the post-cesarean period remain controversial. The primary aim of this initiative was to minimize unused prescription narcotic medication, with a goal of ≤4 leftover pills of 5-mg oxycodone at postoperative day (POD) 14 without affecting pain or satisfaction measures. Study Design This was a prospective longitudinal quality improvement (QI) initiative starting in 2017 utilizing the DMAIC methodology. The measurement phase consisted of validated surveys over 3 months, along with chart review to determine current institutional prescription practices and predictors of outpatient opioid use. Resulting recommendations were adopted, and 1 year later, all patients undergoing cesarean were surveyed for 3 months to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. The study was approved by the Department's QI Committee. Results The response rate was 48%, with 50 of 101 patients completing surveys pre-intervention and 52 of 111 post-intervention. Pre-intervention, surplus medication was predicted (p Conclusion This initiative highlights a practical approach to QI utilizing industry techniques in health care. This approach resulted in significant reductions in over-prescription and unused medication, without impacting pain or satisfaction scores. Key Points

Introduction: Many patients seen in the emergency department (ED) have central venous access placed or previously established placement. Catheters inadvertently placed in the arterial circulation may lead to complications or adverse events. Case Report: We present a case of hemiplegia in a 63-year-old man following intravenous fluid administration through a malpositioned catheter that was initially unrecognized. The patient initially presented to the ED for stroke-like symptoms and was discharged following workup. On a subsequent visit for similar symptoms, intra-arterial placement of the catheter was diagnosed. Conclusion: It is important for emergency physicians to be aware of this potential complication of central venous cannulation and that arterial malposition of a previously placed central line may go unrecognized with the potential to cause cerebral ischemia when cerebral blood flow is reduced by the infusion of intravenous fluids or medications.

Introduction: Patients commonly present with neck masses to the Emergency Department. The acute presentation of such a mass can be alarming to patients and their families. In this report we discuss a rare etiology of an acutely presenting neck mass in an adult. Case Report: We present a 19-year-old patient with an acute neck mass. The mass developed abruptly soon after initiation of a new upper body strength-training regimen. The patient’s history was unremarkable for any trauma or constitutional symptoms. Physical examination revealed the mass, which was diagnosed as a lymphatic malformation by imaging. Surgical removal was successful with pathology confirming the diagnosis. Conclusion: Lymphatic malformations, although rare, may present in adulthood. The acute presentation of a new mass, coupled with a lack of concerning constitutional symptoms, should increase the diagnostic suspicion of a lymphatic malformation.

Background Given the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand how those with eating disorders (EDs) are affected by the pandemic. Using data from the Understanding America Study (UAS), we examined the association between EDs and mental health and how the relationship changed over time across the months following the institution of virus containment procedures (e.g., social distancing, quarantine). Method The analytic sample consisted of 7137 adults (Mage =50.58 years; SD =16.10) who completed surveys between waves 1–11 of the UAS study. Participants self-reported ED diagnosis (i.e., yes, no, or unsure) and completed self-report measures of psychological distress, perceived stress, and loneliness. Multilevel models were used to compare trajectories of psychological distress, perceived stress, and loneliness among ED groups. Results Individuals with EDs and unsure EDs had higher levels of psychological distress, perceived stress, and loneliness compared to those without EDs. Those unsure about their EDs showed initial decreases in perceived stress and loneliness but started increasing again after some time. Levels of loneliness among those with EDs increased initially but later began to decrease; individuals with EDs showed steady decreases in perceived stress. Limitations Type, severity, and duration of EDs were unspecified in the self-reported measure of EDs, which could differentiate the trajectories of outcomes. Conclusions Intervention is crucial for mitigating mental health problems among those with a history of ED symptoms during COVID-19. Further, results showed that individuals who are unsure about their ED status may be experiencing more fluctuation in mental health across the pandemic.

The development of competencies known as 21st-century skills are garnering increasing attention as a means of improving teacher instructional quality. However, a key challenge in bringing about desired improvements lies in the lack of context-specific understanding of teaching practices and meaningful ways of supporting teacher professional development. This paper focuses on the need to measure the social quality of teaching processes in a contextualized manner. We do so by highlighting the efforts made to develop and measure teacher practices and classroom processes using the Teacher Instructional Practices and Processes System© (TIPPS) in three different contexts: Uganda (secondary), India (primary), and Ghana (pre-school). By examining how such a tool can be used for teacher feedback, reflective practice, and continuous improvement, the hope is to pave the way toward enhanced 21st-century teacher skills and, in turn, 21st-century learners.

Currently-placed protocols for extended culture for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are not uniformly standardized in determining the optimal stage of oocyte maturation for maximizing clinical outcomes. The objective of this systematic review is to elucidate the relationship between extended cumulus-oocyte culture and its effect on the clinical outcomes of IVF/ICSI. We included an electronic search on PubMed Central as well as the Journal of Fertility and Sterility to yield seven studies on extended oocyte culture for IVF/ICSI. Four of the seven investigations illustrate the promising beneficial relationship of extended culture with conditioned or supplemented media to mimic physiological uterine conditions. Three studies did not capture beneficial relationships between extended oocyte culture and clinical outcomes with unconditioned, unsupplemented maturation medium. Improvement in fertilization rates, oocyte development, and live birth rates may be achieved by extended culture with the addition of supplemental biochemicals. The usage of follicular fluid, cumulus cells, and meiotic inhibitors imitates the physiological in vivo conditions, whereas extended oocyte culture imitates in vivo temporal conditions. The conjunction of extended oocyte culture with supplemented metabolites, either added in maturation media manually or secreted by cumulus-oocyte complexes, mimics natural uterine physiological conditions to improve clinical outcomes for patients seeking IVF/ICSI. Key words: Cumulus Cells; Extended Culture; In vitro Fertilization; Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection; Oocyte

e16513 Background: Kidney cancer (KCa) does not currently have efficacious screening methods, therefore targeting modifiable risk factors is a strong approach to primary prevention. Prior research from our group identified a significant difference in KCa incidence and mortality between the urban and rural populations in Illinois, but the reason(s) for this geographic variation were unclear. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate KCa-relevant knowledge and health behaviors in order to explain our observed urban-rural differences in KCa incidence and mortality, and to inform approaches to KCa prevention. Methods: A convenience sample was surveyed from five study sites between June 2016 and February 2018. These included 207 urban and 53 rural patients presenting at urology and primary care clinics. Four outcome measures related to KCa were assessed using validated measures: 1) health literacy, 2) cancer health literacy, 3) smoking status and knowledge of its association with KCa, and 4) degree of bother caused by urologic symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine these outcome measures between the two populations. Smoking history, personal and family history of cancer, and socio-demographic characteristics were controlled for in the analysis. Results: The overall model for predicting health literacy was significant (Wald Pvalue = 0.0269). When accounting for all covariates, rural versus urban residence was not a significant predictor of adequate health literacy (p = 0.4871). However, participants with higher levels of education (p = 0.0005), higher household income (p = 0.0395), and participants who were female (p = 0.0104) were all more likely to have adequate vs. low health literacy. We did not identify a statistically significant difference in cancer health literacy, knowledge of smoking as a KCa risk factor, or measurement of urinary bother between urban and rural residents in this population. Conclusions: The analyses revealed significant differences in health literacy by education, income, and gender, but not by geographic location. While there were no statistically significant geographical differences found in three of our four domains, this may have been attributed to the low proportion of rural-residing clinic patients recruited in this study. With potential limitations of using RUCA as a measure of rurality, future work is needed to better reach this population and validate results to understand the disparity of improving KCa outcomes in rural areas.

Caesar's Things is a semi-autobiographical novel combining modernist literary experimentation with narrative structures derived from the Bible. This unfinished work is seldom analyzed by literary scholars, in part because Fitzgerald's Christian conversion in the 1930s coincided with a mental breakdown, which made her faith and writing both suspect. Criticized as “incoherent,” the novel nonetheless becomes legible when Fitzgerald's religion is disentangled from madness and its contributions examined. The novel confesses the spiritual impoverishment of the Jazz Age protagonist, then seeks her redemption, healing the divide between the self and her soul, between the material world and the kingdom of God.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provided our institution a unique opportunity to develop a new procedural curriculum for our fourth-year, emergency medicine-bound medical students. A significant portion of our ED’s fourth-year elective has traditionally been centered in our simulation center, using high-fidelity simulation models to practice important emergency medicine procedures. Due to the pandemic, the simulation center was unavailable for our use, and this new curriculum was created in an effort to fill this gap in procedural education.

We present the HybridSynchAADL modeling language and formal analysis tool for virtually synchronous cyber-physical systems with complex control programs, continuous behaviors, and bounded clock skews, network delays, and execution times. We leverage the Hybrid PALS equivalence, so that it is sufficient to model and verify the simpler underlying synchronous designs. We define the HybridSynchAADL language as a sublanguage of the avionics modeling standard AADL for modeling such designs in AADL, and demonstrate the effectiveness of HybridSynchAADL on a number of applications., Official Website: https://hybridsynchaadl.github.io/

We present the$$\textsc {Hybrid}\textsc {Synch}\textsc {AADL}$$HYBRIDSYNCHAADLmodeling language and formal analysis tool for virtually synchronous cyber-physical systems with complex control programs, continuous behaviors, bounded clock skews, network delays, and execution times. We leverage the Hybrid PALS equivalence, so that it is sufficient to model and verify the simpler underlying synchronous designs. We define the$$\textsc {Hybrid}\textsc {Synch}\textsc {AADL}$$HYBRIDSYNCHAADLlanguage as a sublanguage of the avionics modeling standard AADL for modeling such designs in AADL, and demonstrate the effectiveness of$$\textsc {Hybrid}\textsc {Synch}\textsc {AADL}$$HYBRIDSYNCHAADLon a number of applications.

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest that fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is inversely associated with incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, evidence for causality is lacking, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether there is a causal relation between consuming high levels of F&V and prevention of atherosclerosis, the hallmark of CVD pathogenesis. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms were determined. METHODS Six-week-old male LDL receptor-knockout mice were randomly assigned to 3 diet groups (12 mice/group) for 20 wk: control (CON, 10% kcal fat, 0.20 g/kg cholesterol), atherogenic (Ath, 27% kcal fat, 0.55 g/kg cholesterol), and Ath supplemented with 15% F&V (Ath + FV) (equivalent to 8-9 servings/d in humans). F&V was added as a freeze-dried powder that was prepared from the 24 most commonly consumed F&Vs in the United States. Body weight, aortic atherosclerotic lesion area, hepatic steatosis area, serum lipid profile and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α concentrations, gut microbiota, and liver TNF-α and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) mRNA concentrations were assessed. RESULTS F&V supplementation did not affect weight gain. Mice fed the Ath + FV diet had a smaller aortic atherosclerotic lesion area (71.7% less) and hepatic steatosis area (80.7% less) than those fed the Ath diet (both P

MCom (Taxation), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2020 Since the announcement of the change in the foreign employment exemption in the National Budget in 2017, and the increase in the global networking, as well as political uncertainty in South Africa, many South Africans have left the country, either on a temporary or permanent basis, to start a new life somewhere else. The implications of leaving South Africa permanently, is a decision that will affect a person, both practically, and from a tax and exchange control perspective. The facts and circumstances for each person exiting South Africa need to be addressed on a case by case basis to determine how he will be affected from a tax and exchange control point of view. SARS has a comprehensive set of residency rules that need to be applied from a tax perspective and there is international case law and double tax agreements that need to be examined in order to determine a person’s tax position. From an exchange control perspective further rules and regulations exist where a person wish to exit from South Africa permanently and extract their remaining assets from South Africa in the most productive way possible. Emigrating from an exchange control perspective will also affect any future transactions taking place when that person wishes to transact with South Africa in the case of investment and receiving an inheritance. In comparing the tax legislation and exchange control restrictions in South Africa to that of India and Russia sought to determine the similarities the three countries may exhibit. All three countries being regarding as developing nations with large numbers of persons exiting their country of origin to relocate to other parts of the world. In making the comparison between South Africa, Russia and India it can be seen that South Africa has a more advanced set of rules surrounding the breaking of tax residency that can be used as guide by Russia and India in protecting the extent of their tax revenue leaving their shores on emigration. From a domestic perspective, it could be recommended that SARS implement a practical system in order to monitor the change of taxpayer’s residency to help align the legislation with the practical implementation and the interaction between SARS and the SARB. South Africa has a firm set of legal guidelines and interpretation surrounding the ceasing to be resident. The practical application of the law, however, does not always align with the legislation. Masters

Based in the context of Marxist China, Chinese intellectuals with no church background or affiliation have yet shown a keen interest in reading and applying the insights of western Christian theology. In Chinese literary studies, such scholars, who are secular in orientation, integrate both theory and theology in their work. This Sino-theological scholarship is virtually unknown in literary studies in the USA. Yet as demonstrated in the work of Yang Huilin and Liu Xiaofeng, among others, it contributes to a globalized understanding of literary studies. It also challenges current understandings of secularism, adding a new dimension to post-secular theory.

This article outlines the development and validation of a classroom observation instrument for use in low and middle income countries. The Teacher Instructional Practices and Processes Systemⓒ (TIPPS) was designed to be a rigorous research instrument as well as a practical feedback tool. Based on data from 197 Ugandan secondary schools, we were successful in assessing the quality of instructional practices and classroom processes in this context. The results reveal a 3-factor structure, good rater reliability, and concurrent validity with in biology, English, and mathematics scores. Strengths and limitations as well as future directions of the study are discussed.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the demand for and supply of early childhood education (ECE) in low- and middle-income countries. There is also growing awareness that unless ECE is of high quality, children may attend school but not learn. There is a large literature on the conceptualization and measurement of ECE quality in the United States that focuses on the nature of teacher-child interactions. Efforts to expand access to high quality ECE in low- and middle-income countries will require similar measurement efforts that are theoretically-grounded and culturally-adapted. This paper assesses the factor structure and concurrent validity of an observational classroom quality tool to assess teacher-child interactions—the Teacher Instructional Practices and Processes System© (TIPPS; Seidman et al., 2013)—in Ghanaian pre-primary classrooms. We find evidence of three conceptually distinct but empirically correlated domains of quality: Facilitating Deeper Learning (FDL), Supporting Student Expression (SSE), and Emotional Support and Behavior Management (ESBM). Teachers’ schooling level, training in early childhood development, and professional well-being positively predict the three quality domains in different ways. SSE and ESBM predict classroom end-of-the-school-year academic outcomes, and SSE predicts classroom end-of-the-school-year social-emotional outcomes. Implications for the field of international education and global ECE policy and research are discussed.

Children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are burdened by significant unmet mental health needs. Despite the successes of numerous school-based interventions for promoting child mental health, most evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are not available in SSA. This study investigated the implementation quality and effectiveness of one component of an EBI from a developed country (United States) to a SSA country (Uganda). The EBI component, Professional Development, was provided by trained Ugandan mental health workers to Ugandan primary school teachers. It included large group experiential training and small group coaching to introduce and support a range of evidence-based practices (EBPs) to create nurturing and predictable classroom experiences. The study was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, the Teacher Training Implementation Model and the RE-AIM evaluation framework. Effectiveness outcomes were studied using a cluster randomized design, in which 10 schools were randomized to intervention and wait-list control conditions. A total of 79 early childhood teachers participated. Teacher knowledge and use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) were assessed at baseline and immediately post-intervention (4–5 months later). A sample of 154 parents was randomly selected to report on child behavior at baseline and post-intervention. Linear mixed effect modeling was applied to examine effectiveness outcomes. Findings support the feasibility of training Ugandan mental health professionals to provide Professional Development for Ugandan teachers. Professional Development was delivered with high levels of fidelity and resulted in improved teacher EBP knowledge and use of EBPs in the classroom, and child social competence.

Background Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial adenocarcinoma occurring mainly in the anogenital region. Traditional management with wide local excision has shown high recurrence rates, thus Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has emerged as a promising treatment option. Objective To compare long-term outcomes after treatment with MMS or excision for primary EMPD. Methods and materials Retrospective cohort review was conducted for 207 patients with EMPD treated at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, between 1961 and 2012. Results Of the 25 patients treated with MMS, 19 primary tumors were included for outcome analysis, with an estimated 5-year recurrence-free survival rate of 91% (95% confidence interval [CI], 75-100) using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. Of 158 patients treated with local excision, 124 were included for the analysis, with an estimated 5-year recurrence-free survival rate of 66% (95% CI, 56-78). The hazard ratio (HR) for association of treatment was 0.4 (95% CI, 0.10-1.65; p = .20). Estimated 5-year overall survival rates were 79% for MMS (95% CI, 61-100) and 68% for excision (95% CI, 59-78) (HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 0.69-2.82]; p = .36). Conclusion Although treatment of primary EMPD with MMS versus excision did not show statistical difference, MMS demonstrated favorable long-term outcomes and was associated with a higher recurrence-free survival rate.

The most common methods of sterilization during cesarean delivery rely on excision of a mid-segment of the fallopian tube. Contemporary data suggest ovarian cancers may originate in the fimbriae of the fallopian tube; therefore, a strategy of prophylactic salpingectomy (SL) has been adopted during gynecologic surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of SL compared to traditional mid-segment excision at time of cesarean and after vaginal delivery through change in perioperative hemoglobin (Hgb).We retrospectively evaluated patients undergoing sterilization concurrent with cesarean delivery or in the post-vaginal delivery period between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 in the Mayo Clinic Health System; a community-based practice. In order to test for non-inferiority, 30 patients in each arm (tubal ligation (TL) and SL) were required to detect a pre- and post-operative Hgb difference of 0.5 mg/dL between groups with a power of 80%. Exclusion criteria included: age 18 years, BMI50 kg/mOne hundred fifty-two patients met inclusion criteria. There was no evidence of inferiority in either the post-vaginal delivery or the cesarean groups with a mean difference in pre- and post-op Hgb of 0.18 mg/dL (This study provides evidence that the practice of salpingectomy at the time of cesarean and post-vaginal delivery may be safe and should form the basis of prospective trials.

OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) is inversely associated with incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the evidence for causality and underlying mechanisms is lacking. Our objective was to determine if increased consumption of F&V could prevent atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: A unique blend of the most commonly consumed 24 F&V was freeze-dried into a powder and mixed into diets. Thirty six 4-week old male LDL receptor knockout mice were randomly assigned to one of 3 diet groups (12/group): low fat (LF, 10 kcal% fat), high-fat (27 kcal% fat) with 0% F&V (HF), and HF plus 15% F&V diet (HF + FV, equivalent to 8–9 servings for humans). After 20 weeks, mice were euthanized and blood, aorta, and liver tissue were collected. Aortic atherosclerotic lesion, hepatic steatosis, plasma lipid profile and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in body weight among the 3 groups. Mice fed HF diet had larger aortic atherosclerotic lesion and hepatic steatosis area than mice fed LF diet by 6.5 and 1.9 fold, respectively (p

Utilizing data to improve teacher professional development presupposes a need to know how it can serve people in the education delivery system. In Gujarat, India progress is steered by using data to build personal agency and integrate actionable evaluation for improvement. The shift in the system, however, manifests from the core: the administrators, principals, and teachers. These individuals are leveraging data to improve their contribution to the system, and in the process, improving the system as a whole. The data that flow between these different levels are meaningful, easy to understand and use. The data are used in different ways, district administrators use them to hone their teacher training programming, principals use them to differentiate their support by teacher needs, and teachers use them for self-reflection and improving the quality of education in their classrooms. Previously siloed levels of the education system are connecting through the shared goals of professional and personal growth. And as a consequence, the Teacher Professional Development system is moving toward a person-centric focus, and moving away from a data-centric focused one.

Author(s): dela Cruz, Jonathan; Fulks, Tyler; Baker, Mark; Kegg, Jason; Austin, Richard; Jain, Jimmy; Boehler, Michael; Kim, Sharon; Jaeger, Cassie

F. Scott Fitzgerald identified Allan Dwan's parties as a source for chapter 3 of The Great Gatsby, but who was Dwan and how did he influence Fitzgerald's work? An inventive and prolific director, Allan Dwan (1885–1981) was one of the most successful filmmakers of the silent era, combining the skills of an engineer, an artist, and a businessman. Fitzgerald met him in 1923, during a visit to the set of Dwan's movie The Glimpses of the Moon. That summer, he went to Dwan's parties, mingling with Gloria Swanson and the movie crowd, while Dwan accompanied the Fitzgeralds to the opening night of Fitzgerald's play, The Vegetable. By the end of 1924, however, the two parted ways. The reasons why are unclear. Nonetheless, Fitzgerald drew upon Dwan more frequently for his fiction than any other director, in part as the quintessence of all he found gorgeously wrong with Hollywood, in part as a secret double for himself. Dwan was Lois Moran's close friend at the time Fitzgerald met her, and Dwan left his imprint not only on The Great Gatsby but also on “Jacob's Ladder,” “Magnetism,” “Crazy Sunday,” Tender Is the Night, “Two Old Timers,” and possibly The Love of the Last Tycoon.

Aneuploidy—or an unbalanced karyotype in which whole chromosomes are gained or lost—causes reduced fitness at both the cellular and organismal levels but is also a hallmark of human cancers. Aneuploidy causes a variety of cellular stresses, including genomic instability, proteotoxic and oxidative stresses, and impaired protein trafficking. The deubiquitinase Ubp3, which was identified by a genome-wide screen for gene deletions that impair the fitness of aneuploid yeast, is a key regulator of aneuploid cell homeostasis. We show that deletion of UBP3 exacerbates both karyotype-specific phenotypes and global stresses of aneuploid cells, including oxidative and proteotoxic stress. Indeed, Ubp3 is essential for proper proteasome function in euploid cells, and deletion of this deubiquitinase leads to further proteasome-mediated proteotoxicity in aneuploid yeast. Notably, the importance of UBP3 in aneuploid cells is conserved. Depletion of the human homolog of UBP3, USP10, is detrimental to the fitness of human cells upon chromosome missegregation, and this fitness defect is accompanied by autophagy inhibition. We thus used a genome-wide screen in yeast to identify a guardian of aneuploid cell fitness conserved across species. We propose that interfering with Ubp3/USP10 function could be a productive avenue in the development of novel cancer therapeutics.

The authors evaluated an unfolding case-based approach to a practicum in counseling course infusing crisis, trauma, and disaster preparation for changes in students’ crisis self-efficacy across a semester. The course, informed by constructivist-developmental pedagogy and centered on the unfolding case, resulted in significant increases in students’ crisis self-efficacy.