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Purpose: To develop algorithm for the technology of interaction between main participants of railway freight transportation, ensuring downtime reduction and safety of cargo transportation. Methods: Algorithmizing method was used — development of flowchart for the process, reflecting the logic of traceability of requirements to working functions, basing on projecting functional-logical architecture for the process of freight transportation paperwork. Results: Intellectualization of transport company employees’ actions is associated with a variety of transportation technologies, including digital ones. Namely this is becoming a key element which ensures meeting requirements of speed and safety of transportations to working competences and intensity of transport organizations’ employees. Main research results are: formalization of JSC “Russian Railways” employees’ and consignors’ actions and their compliance with processing results; flowchart building for process “Way Bill Approval” with fixating the process main tasks with their corresponding linkage to fulfiller’s labor functions. Effectiveness evaluation of algorithmizing the process “Way Bill Approval” in accordance with the algorithm target functional was performed. Practical significance: Time savings at the formation of waybills, reduction of direct costs on the actions of freight transportation informational provision and increasing customer focus of the company were proved by conducted monetization assessment.

For to identify functioning problem of railway lines various mechanisms are used, including the mechanism of low-intensity railway line exploitation diagnostics which allows to raise their functioning efficiency. The proposed mechanism allows to evaluate low-intensity railway line current state and to establish cause-and-effect relationships leading to line unprofitability, to give analysis of indicators which to the greatest extent influence negatively the line functioning. Cognitive modeling method is used for this purpose. The article develops enlarged cognitive map of low-intensity railway line functioning that’s used for the diagnostics of line exploitation existing state. Cognitive map consists of concepts, links between concepts and links’ weight values. On cognitive map basis, adjacency matrix is made up which allows to evaluate reliability and sustainability of fuzzy cognitive map according to internal and external disturbances. Characteristic equation and matrix eigenvalues are calculated which allow to give the assessment of cognitive map indicators in the form of the influence of concepts on system and of system on concepts. Fuzzy cognitive map indicators are established, namely, system influence consonance, system influence dissonance, concept influence on system which give the most complete representation of low-intensity line internal structure. “Technical resources”, “stations’ and section’s staff”, “normative base” among concepts touch on the largest positive impact on system. The most significant positive influence on the listed concepts will allow to rise operation efficiency of low-intensity railway lines. “Traffic volume” concept among concepts causes the most negative influence on the system because of the lack of quantity of train pairs, passing along the line, a day. The plan of experiments for to define the changes in the parameters of “Productivity and effectiveness” concepts, when exerting impulse influences on “Operational management”, “Technical resources” and “Stations’ and section’s staff” concepts with the purpose of the evaluation of their influence on “Productivity” and “Efficiency” concepts, is made up. When introducing impulses into “Staff” concept, productivity and efficiency growth is observed that testifies to the possibility of efficiency rise of low-intensity railway line functioning by the way of positive impulse on “Staff” concept.

A chemical composition assessment was performed on a industrial crop in Russia, Miscanthus Ч giganteus harvested in 2019–2021. It was found that, regardless of the habitat, after the second year of vegetation, Miscanthus Ч giganteus has a cellulose content exceeding 50 %, which makes it a cellulose-based material. The positive impact of Miscanthus Ч giganteus on the environment was demonstrated. Cultivation of Miscanthus Ч giganteus regulates CO2 exchange, and its processing into cellulose, biofuels and high-tech products will reduce deforestation.

The study objective is to justify the parameters that ensure efficient energy conversion of the hydrohammer. Research methods include review, analysis and generalization of research results and experience in designing hydraulic devices; mathematical modeling based on laws of kinematics and dynamics of solid, liquid and gas; theoretical research based on numerical experiments. The novelty of the work is in the development of a mathematical model of a hydraulic hammer describing the cooperation of the percussive mechanism, distributor, hydraulic pneumatic accumulators and hydraulic drive. The study results include a mathematical model of a hydraulic hammer that takes into account the dynamics of its body and reflects the features of the working cycle of a hydrokinematic circuit with a controlled chamber of the working and reverse stroke; the numeric results of the mathematical model and experimental studies; dynamic analysis of the piston pin during the reverse stroke. Conclusions: the hydrohammer operation is influenced by accidental or purposeful changes in certain parameters of the hydraulic drive, which must be taken into account at the design stage of its subsystems in order to find a rational area of operation; one of these parameters is the inertia of the working fluid; formed during transition periods, inertial forces have a significant impact on the main parameters of the hydrohammer piston pin movement and dynamics of the power pulse hydraulic system; the time of filling the working cavity of the hydraulic cylinder of the striker is determined, the degree of influence of the working fluid inertial component on the time of the piston pin movement on the magnitude of the working stroke is defined.

Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome (WS) is a combined immunodeficiency caused by gain-of-function mutations in the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) gene. We characterize a unique international cohort of 66 patients, including 57 (86%) cases previously unreported, with variable clinical phenotypes. Of 17 distinct CXCR4 genetic variants within our cohort, 11 were novel pathogenic variants affecting 15 individuals (23%). All variants affect the same CXCR4 region and impair CXCR4 internalization resulting in hyperactive signaling. The median age of diagnosis in our cohort (5.5 years) indicates WHIM syndrome can commonly present in childhood, although some patients are not diagnosed until adulthood. The prevalence and mean age of recognition and/or onset of clinical manifestations within our cohort were infections 88%/1.6 years, neutropenia 98%/3.8 years, lymphopenia 88%/5.0 years, and warts 40%/12.1 years. However, we report greater prevalence and variety of autoimmune complications of WHIM syndrome (21.2%) than reported previously. Patients with versus without family history of WHIM syndrome were diagnosed earlier (22%, average age 1.3 years versus 78%, average age 5 years, respectively). Patients with a family history of WHIM syndrome also received earlier treatment, experienced less hospitalization, and had less end-organ damage. This observation reinforces previous reports that early treatment for WHIM syndrome improves outcomes. Only one patient died; death was attributed to complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The variable expressivity of WHIM syndrome in pediatric patients delays their diagnosis and therapy. Early-onset bacterial infections with severe neutropenia and/or lymphopenia should prompt genetic testing for WHIM syndrome, even in the absence of warts.

Aim. To compare the immediate results of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using autoarterial conduits.Material and Methods. From January 2018 to September 2021, 178 coronary artery bypass grafting operations using autoarterial conduits were performed in the Department No. 1 of the Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery (Krasnoyarsk). The operation was performed on a beating heart in 88 patients (group 1) and using cardiopulmonary bypass in 90 patients (group 2). The majority of patients were males in both groups: 76 (86.3%) and 75 (83.3%) patients (p = 0.287). The patients were comparable in age (61.6 ± 7.7 and 60.2 ± 7.5 years, p = 0.237), body mass index (30.9 ± 5.7 and 29.8 ± 5, p = 0.18), and the presence of concomitant diabetes mellitus (30 (34%) and 19 (21.1%), p = 0.052). There were significantly more patients with hemodynamically significant lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries in group 1 (27 (30.7%) versus 13 (14.4%), p = 0.009) and calcification of the ascending aorta (24 (27.3%) versus 11 (12.2%), p = 0.011). The number of hemodynamically significant affected coronary arteries did not differ between the groups: 2.6 ± 0.7 versus 2.5 ± 0.5 (p = 0.393).Results. Both internal thoracic arteries were used in situ or in the form of Y-grafts in both groups depending on the number of distal anastomoses. Hospital mortality was 2 patients (2.2%), both from group 2 (p = 0.161). The groups were comparable in the number of distal anastomoses (2.7 ± 0.7 and 2.7 ± 0.6, p = 0.532), the incidence of acute perioperative myocardial infarction (1 (1.1%) and 1 (1.1%), p = 0.987), neurological complications (1 (1.1%) and 2 (2.2%), p = 0.576), and bleeding requiring resternotomy (1 (1.1%) and 3 (3.3%), p = 0.325). Deep sternal wood infection was absent in both groups.Conclusion. Autoarterial coronary artery bypass grafting is an effective method of myocardial revascularization in both the beating heart surgery and in cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. This method should be considered an operation of choice for patients with multiple coronary artery disease. The performance of operations in the conditions of cardiopulmonary bypass does not affect the increase in the number of cardiocerebral events in the postoperative period.

Purpose. Evaluate the diagnostic significance of quantitative determination of T- and B-cell receptor DNA ring fragments in peripheral blood of patients for diagnosis of ataxia-teleangiectasia. Materials and methods. The subjects of the study were peripheral blood samples from 14 patients diagnosed with ataxia-teleangiectasia aged 4.9 (1.6; 14.4) years with mutations in the ATM gene and from 40 healthy children aged 11.0 (6.7; 14.8) years. Results and discussion. Patients with ataxia-teleangiectasia revealed a significant decrease in TREC and KREC values (p

Objective: To compare direct results of «in situ» and Y-graft bimammary autoarterial bypass in patients having coronary artery disease.Methods: From January 2018 to November 2020, 107 patients having ischemic artery disease undergone coronary artery bypass surgery in the Cardiac Surgery Department No.1 of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk). The distribution of the groups was carried out in a 3:1 ratio: in the first group (24 patients) both internal thoracic arteries were used for myocardial revascularization according to the «in situ» technique, in the second group (composite bypass surgery) (83 patients) the right internal thoracic artery was anastomosed with a free graft with the left internal thoracic artery (Y- graft).Results: There were no cases of hospital mortality. The duration of operations in the composite bypass group was significantly higher than in the «in situ» group (126.4 minutes ± 20.1 minutes versus 172.3 minutes ± 27.1 minutes, p = 0.038). The reason for extra time is the necessity to put a large number of distal anastomoses. Bleeding in the early postoperative period was observed only in one case (1.2%) in the composite bypass group. Perioperative myocardial infarctions, neurological complications, and deep wound infection of the sternum weren't observed in any group. One patient from the «in situ» group (4.2%) and one patient from the composite bypass grafting group (1.2%), experienced the postoperative period complicated by a superficial wound infection in the area of the sternotomy access (p = 0.649). In the «in situ» group, average blood flow velocity according to flowmetry data was 32 ml / min ± 8.1 ml / min, and in the composite shunting group it counted 51.8 ml / min ± 12.3 ml / min, p = 0.001.Conclusions. Using both internal thoracic arteries for coronary artery bypass surgery provides a favorable effect of surgical treatment in the postoperative period. This operation technique can be safely performed with low mortality rate and less complications. It may be associated with improved long-term patient survival; but this requires further analysis of the study results in a longer period.

Background: In 2014, germline signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations were first described to cause a novel multisystem disease of early-onset lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity. Objective: This pivotal cohort study defines the scope, natural history, treatment, and overall survival of a large global cohort of patients with pathogenic STAT3 GOF variants. Methods: We identified 191 patients from 33 countries with 72 unique mutations. Inclusion criteria included symptoms of immune dysregulation and a biochemically confirmed germline heterozygous GOF variant in STAT3. Results: Overall survival was 88%, median age at onset of symptoms was 2.3 years, and median age at diagnosis was 12 years. Immune dysregulatory features were present in all patients: lymphoproliferation was the most common manifestation (73%); increased frequencies of double-negative (CD4−CD8−) T cells were found in 83% of patients tested. Autoimmune cytopenias were the second most common clinical manifestation (67%), followed by growth delay, enteropathy, skin disease, pulmonary disease, endocrinopathy, arthritis, autoimmune hepatitis, neurologic disease, vasculopathy, renal disease, and malignancy. Infections were reported in 72% of the cohort. A cellular and humoral immunodeficiency was observed in 37% and 51% of patients, respectively. Clinical symptoms dramatically improved in patients treated with JAK inhibitors, while a variety of other immunomodulatory treatment modalities were less efficacious. Thus far, 23 patients have undergone bone marrow transplantation, with a 62% survival rate. Conclusion:: STAT3 GOF patients present with a wide array of immune-mediated disease including lymphoproliferation, autoimmune cytopenias, and multisystem autoimmunity. Patient care tends to be siloed, without a clear treatment strategy. Thus, early identification and prompt treatment implementation are lifesaving for STAT3 GOF syndrome.

У статті наводиться аналіз якості життя згідно з опитувальником QOLIE‑31 у 48 пацієнтів з епілепсією, яким здійснювалася ритмічна транскраніальна магнітна стимуляція (рТМС). Аналіз результатів проведеного дослідження з використанням рТМС і мінімальних терапевтичних доз антиепілептичних препаратів показав, що подібна комбінація фармакологічних і фізичних чинників дозволяє контролювати перебіг епілепсії та забезпечує досить високу протисудомну дію. Отримані результати дозволили обгрунтовано доповнити медикаментозне лікування епілепсії проведенням курсу рТМС, домогтися оптимального терапевтичного результату в кожного пацієнта з мінімальним ризиком побічних ефектів, а також поліпшити якість його життя.

Метою нашого дослідження були визначення можливостей 18F-ФДГ-ПЕТ/КТ (позитронно-емісійна томографія, поєднана з комп’ютерною томографією, із застосуванням 18F-фтордезоксиглюкози) для латералізації та локалізації вогнища при скроневій і позаскроневій епілепсії і картування функціонально значущих зон мозку в даній категорії пацієнтів. Матеріали та методи. 18F-ФДГ-ПЕТ/КТ реалізовувалася на основі статистичного аналізу з використанням тривимірної стереотаксичної проекції поверхні (3D-SSP) на робочій станції ADW4.6 із застосуванням програмного пакета CortexID. Одночасно аналізувалися клінічні дані, результати магнітно-резонансної томографії та електроенцефалографії (ЕЕГ). Обстежено 42 пацієнти (25 чоловіків і 17 жінок, вік яких становив 33 ± 11 років), які страждають від епілепсії з фармакорезистентним перебігом, із застосуванням таких методів: магнітно-резонансної томографії головного мозку, 18F-ФДГ-ПЕТ/КТ, ЕЕГ і ЕЕГ-картування. Час проведення ПЕТ/КТ із моменту останнього нападу становив від 3 до 14 днів. Результати. У 21 пацієнта з 42 (у 50 % випадків) візуально виявлені вогнища гіпометаболізму в скроневій (переважно), а також тім’яній і лобовій частках півкуль головного мозку. Виявлені фокуси і зони гіпометаболізму, як правило, відповідали епілептогенному вогнищу, що встановлене за даними ЕЕГ-картування. При порівнянні гіпометаболічних фокусів і ділянок, візуально і статистично виявлених на 18F-ФДГ-ПЕТ/КТ, локалізація епілептичного вогнища за даними рутинної ЕЕГ була порівнянною в 16 з 42 пацієнтів, а за даними ЕЕГ-картування — у 20 з 42 пацієнтів. При оцінці 18F-ФДГ-ПЕТ/КТ за допомогою програмного пакета CortexID додатково констатувалися гіпометаболізм і зони асиметрії метаболічної активності у 8 з 42 пацієнтів (в 19 % випадків), що не були виявлені при стандартній візуальній оцінці. У 31 % випадків (у 13 з 42 пацієнтів) були відсутні вірогідні ознаки патологічної метаболічної активності головного мозку. Висновки. 18F-ФДГ-ПЕТ/КТ головного мозку є важливим компонентом діагностичних алгоритмів у пацієнтів з епілепсією. Важливо відзначити, що сукупна оцінка даних 18F-ФДГ-ПЕТ/КТ із результатами інших методів дослідження підвищує точність діагностики, оскільки особливістю патогенезу епілепсії є динамічні зміни, що відмічаються в різних структурах мозку. Виявлені вогнища гіпометаболізму 18F-ФДГ можуть розглядатися як функціональна недостатність і бути відносним показанням для підвищення інтеграційного контролю мозку за допомогою методів нейромодуляції або фармакологічної корекції.

The most common cause of vertigo is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which accounts for 17 to 35% of all peripheral vestibular disorders. The main reason for the development of BPPV is otolithiasis, more often in the posterior semicircular canal. Of the 514 complaints of BPPV, 63.3% went to the otorhinolaryngologist. Among the patients, women predominated (77.2%). The structure of the disease was dominated by the lesion of the posterior semicircular canal (82.4%). According to the survey data, only 21.3% of otorhinolaryngologists performed diagnostic and therapeutic position tests and maneuvers in patients with recurrent systemic vertigo. Additional methods of examination of patients with BPPV were referred to by 31.3% of doctors. Another specialist (neurologist, otoneurologist) was referred by 32.2% of otrinolaryngologists.

The integrability of a four-dimensional sixth-order bilinear equation associated with the exceptional affine Lie algebra $D_4^{(1)}$ is studied by means of the singularity analysis. This equation is shown to pass the Painlev\'{e} test in three distinct cases of its coefficients, exactly when the equation is effectively a three-dimensional one, equivalent to the BKP equation., Comment: 8 pages; v2: one sentence corrected

We study the Lax integrability of a nonlinear system of two coupled second-order evolution equations introduced by Ibragimov and Shabat. For this system we find a zero-curvature representation with an essential parameter, construct an infinite integrable hierarchy which the system belongs to, and show that this hierarchy does not possess a recursion operator., Comment: 10 pages

Актуальность. Данная работа представляет собой исследование и анализ влияния острого гнойного синусита на состояние пациента по данным визуально-аналоговой шкалы. При этом изучалось как общее влияние заболевания, так и вклад отдельных симптомов в общую картину. Актуальность проблемы обусловлена тем, что в периодической литературе преимущественно встречаются работы, посвященные хроническому риносинуситу. При этом острому гнойному риносинуситу посвящено относительно мало работ. Цель исследования: при помощи визуально-аналоговой шкалы оценить клиническую картину острого гнойного риносинусита с учетом отдельных симптомов (боль, заложенность носа, выделения из носа, снижение обоняния), влияния пола, возраста, количества пазух с воспалением, нозологии. Материалы и методы. 172 взрослых пациента с подтвержденным (в том числе пункциями околоносовых пазух) гнойным риносинуситом. Результаты. Острый гнойный риносинусит протекает со значимым снижением качества жизни, при этом доминирующее значение среди симптомов имеют заложенность носа и ринорея. Общее состояние оценивается пациентами тяжелее, чем каждый отдельный симптом, что может говорить о недостаточной оценке интоксикационного компонента заболевания или о взаимном усилении отдельных симптомов острого синусита. Выводы. Не обнаружены достоверные корреляции между отдельными симптомами риносинусита и количеством воспаленных околоносовых пазух, возрастом и полом практически для всех форм риносинусита. Лишь для фронтита выявлена корреляция между количеством воспаленных пазух и болью. Не обнаружено различий в оценке состояния между мужчинами и женщинами. Четыре пятых от количества пациентов (85,9 %) оценили свое состояние как тяжелое или средней тяжести, при этом более половины (59,3 %) имели непосредственное отрицательное влияние заболевания на качество жизни. Корреляционные взаимосвязи между оценкой общего состояния и отдельными симптомами были сопоставимы.

Актуальність. Вивчення динаміки суб’єктивних клінічних симптомів при лікуванні пацієнтів із травматичним кератитом зі застосуванням додаткової оксигенації має практичне значення, оскільки під час запалення рогівки відбувається гіпоксія тканин. Мета роботи: вивчити динаміку інтегральних показників клінічних симптомів при лікуванні травматичного кератиту зі застосуванням гіпербаричного кисню. Матеріали та методи. До дослідження було включено 69 пацієнтів (69 очей) із травматичним кератитом віком від 18 до 75 років, серед яких 70 % становили чоловіки. Всім пацієнтам до стандартної схеми лікування травматичного кератиту було включено гіпербаричну оксигенацію з емоксипіном один раз на добу протягом 6–10 днів тривалістю 40 хвилин за режимом 1,2 АТА в барокамері «Ока». Вивчалася динаміка клінічних суб’єктивних показників у пацієнтів основної та контрольної груп, виражена в балах за умовною шкалою, що розроблена нами. Результати та обговорення. Аналіз динаміки інтегральної бальної оцінки суб’єктивних проявів під час лікування хворих на травматичний кератит свідчить про суттєве поліпшення стану ока в пацієнтів основної групи (із застосуванням гіпербаричної оксигенації). Інтегральний показник суб’єктивних клінічних симптомів пацієнтів основної групи на кінець лікування зменшився на 90,94 % (р < 0,001), що відповідає різниці між групами в 51,21 %. Порівняно з контрольною групою інтегральний показник включав зменшення середньої бальної вираженості відповідно: світлобоязні — 77,78 %, сльозотечі — 41,94 %, відчуття стороннього предмета — 41,67 %, больового синдрому та печіння — по 36,84 % (р < 0,001). Термін зникнення суб’єктивних клінічних симптомів основної групи коливався в межах 1,91 ± 0,01 — 2,15 ± 0,01, а контрольної групи — 3,79 ± 0,01 — 4,07 ± 0,01, р < 0,01. Висновки. Застосування додаткової оксигенації до традиційного лікування травматичного кератиту зменшує інтегральний суб’єктивний показник у балах пацієнтів основної групи на кінець лікування на 90,94 %, що відповідає різниці між групами майже в 49 % (р < 0,01). Використання ГБО-терапії сприяло одужанню хворих основної групи через 6,26 ± 0,03 дня, а групи контролю — через 9,31 ± 0,02 дня (р

The ubiquitous distribution of microplastics (MPs) in the environment is of rising scientific and civil concern. As a consequence, the number of studies on MPs has been growing rapidly in the last decades. One particularly important area of these research initiatives implies developing fast, relatively simple, and effective techniques for MPs detection as an alternative to costly and complex spectroscopic methods. One potential option based on image analysis is the Trainable Weka Segmentation (TWS). This Fiji software plugin uses machine learning algorithms to compute segmentation based on pixel classification. The primary advantage of TWS for MPs identification lies in the ability to divide the image into two or more groups by using the differences in pixel contrast, intensity, and texture of the selected regions of interest. Thereby, it is possible to detect specific shapes and structures (e.g., fibers, fragments) based on selected areas. TWS has been tested on images of zooplankton samples from regions potentially contaminated by MPs, and an image stack of biota samples spiked with MPs was used as a referential source for a model. Used primarily to compensate for inefficient digestion of organic material, TWS allowed removing regions of zooplankton remains from the image. Moreover, TWS aided in the identification and counting of potential MP particles. However, given the «automated» nature of such a tool, the applicability of TWS for large-scale MPs analysis should be repeatedly tested on artificial samples spiked with MPs. Complementary cross-checking using spectroscopic methods will further minimize the risk of false-positive results when applied on environmental samples. On the basis of further experiments, TWS has the potential to allow for quick and automated analysis of i) the presence of MPs in samples; ii) their numerical abundance; iii) MPs shapes and sizes. Also see: https://micro2022.sciencesconf.org/426388/document, In MICRO 2022, Online Atlas Edition: Plastic Pollution from MACRO to nano

The choice of an optimal, most safe and physiological place in the heart for the electrode implantation is an issue to be solved by a specialist in surgery of heart arrhythmias. According to the literature, the techniques to stimulate both cardiac apex and other alternative areas are imperfect. At present, stimulation of the heart conduction system, namely, the His bundle is considered a promising area in arrhythmology. This type of stimulation is a physiological one, while it involves the His-Purkinje system. We present a successful clinical case of the electrode implantation with a two-chamber pacemaker to the heart conduction system in a 67-year-old patient with permanent atrial fibrillation. The surgical intervention made it possible to reduce the QRS length from 180 to 110 ms. This clinical case shows that the heart conduction system pacing allows for implementation of the principles of physiological stimulation in patients with impaired atrioventricular conduction. The technique with a two-chamber pacemaker is feasible in clinical practice.

Lignocellulosic biomass is of great interest as an alternative energy resource because it offers a range of merits. Miscanthus × giganteus is a lignocellulosic feedstock of special interest, as it combines a high biomass productivity with a low environmental impact, including CO2 emission control. The chemical composition of lignocellulose determines the application potential for efficient industrial processing. Here, we compiled a sample collection of Miscanthus × giganteus that had been cultivated in different climate regions between 2019 and 2021. The chemical composition was quantified by the conventional wet methods. The findings were compared with each other and with the known data. Starting as soon as the first vegetation year, Miscanthus was shown to feature the following chemical composition: 43.2–55.5% cellulose content, 17.1–25.1% acid-insoluble lignin content, 17.9–22.9% pentosan content, 0.90–2.95% ash content, and 0.3–1.2% extractives. The habitat and the surrounding environment were discovered herein to affect the chemical composition of Miscanthus. The stem part of Miscanthus was found to be richer in cellulose than the leaf (48.4–54.9% vs. 47.2–48.9%, respectively), regardless of the planation age and habitat. The obtained findings broaden the investigative geography of the chemical composition of Miscanthus and corroborate the high value of Miscanthus for industrial conversion thereof into cellulosic products worldwide.

Lignocellulosic biomass is of great interest as an alternative energy resource because it offers a range of merits.

The article describes the peculiarities of drug provision for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the Republic of Karelia. We present a clinical case of effective treatment with interleukin 17 inhibitor ixekizumab (IXE) in a randomized clinical trial and real clinical practice in a patient with PsA. The distinctive feature of this case is the severity of PsA course that was not controlled by standard methods of therapy. IXE treatment was characterized by a rapid clinical improvement of both articular and skin symptoms and subsequent achievement of remission, which lasted for 3 years (on the therapy). The forced interruption of the treatment led to the relapse of the disease in a short amount of time. In 2 years IXE therapy was resumed; after 6 months of continuing treatment a stable remission of PsA was achieved. The patient is still in clinical remission (on therapy).

Work purpose: the investigation of transport process safety in construction industry of the Bryansk region, the substantiation of reasons, factors and circumstances of accidents in the construction companies of the region, the substantiation of the impact of hydraulic drive unit failures upon safety of transport construction machinery with the hydraulic drive with the purpose of driver safety. Investigation problem: on the basis of the obtained results of the safety investigations of transport processes, reasons defined, revealed injury factors of drivers during the operation of the load flat car hydraulic drive of transport means to develop motion parameters of the “hydraulic drive-load flat car” system which will not allow arising oscillations of the system resulting in hydraulic drive failure arising which has influence upon driver’s work safety. The investigations were carried out on the basis of a system analysis of accident examinations in the regional construction industry which on the basis of statistical data allows the defining safety state of transport construction machinery. By means of investigations it is defined that 90% of transport construction machines are equipped with a hydraulic drive. In the hydraulic drive the most significant element is a hydraulic cylinder – the most loaded element performing all basic operations of a working process of loading and unloading. In the hydraulic drive there is used a telescopic hydraulic cylinder in which during operation there are revealed design-production defects (DPD) which result in injury of machine service personnel. One of DPD manifestations is oscillation formation in the hydraulic drive which results in the destruction of hydraulic cylinder attachment fitting. It is defined that the support of hydraulic drive reliability and safety is a difficult problem which needs a complex solution still at designing and creation, and during the operation. The complexity of the problem causes the necessity of design and operation parameter optimization, in the first place, that of an executing hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic drive with the use of mathematical modeling. The review of the mathematical modeling methods of hydraulic cylinder parameters allows drawing the conclusion that the existing methods have many assumptions and do not allow creating completely reliable and safe transport construction engineering. The investigation novelty consists in the offered procedure for the solution of motion equations of the “hydraulic drive – load flat car” system which allows calculating the motion system parameters, defining the development of system oscillation above critical able to destruct a fitting unit of the hydraulic cylinder to the load flat car. Conclusion. The algorithm offered for the solution of mathematical equations allows making a conclusion on the stability and safety of the “hydraulic cylinder – load flat car” system, finding optimum values of motion parameters at any time moment of a transitional process.

Xylotrophic fungi are well known by their ability to excrete enzymes into environment. These fungi have important biotechnological potential and some of them produce industrial enzymes. Besides, xylotrophic fungal species have recently attracted a lot of attention among researchers as a source of antibacterial drugs. Aim. To analyze the effect of the carbon source in the culture medium, as well as the conditions of deep cultivation on the mycelium yield, proteolytic, cellulolytic and antimicrobial activity of the culture liquid of Trichoderma atroviride. Methods. Deep culture methods were used, partial purification was carried out with salting and subsequent dialysis, the cellulolytic activity was determined spectrophotometrically, antimicrobial activity was determined using the disc diffusion technique. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 6.0 software. Results. The highest cellulolytic activity (0.50±0.03 units/ml), mycelium yield and the smallest colony diameter were detected when cellulose was used as a carbon source. However, the highest proteolytic activity of the culture liquid was observed with glucose as a carbon source. The optimal temperature range for hydrolase activity was shown to be in the range of 25-30 °C. In comparison with Pleurotus ostreatus, the culture liquid of T. atroviride not only has more pronounced antimicrobial activity, but also inhibits the growth of Candida albicans. Conclusions. The culture liquid of isolated strain T. atroviride is a promising source of hydrolytic enzymes that can be used in organic farming and industry. The purified preparation obtained from the culture liquid of T. atroviride showed significant antimicrobial activity and can be successfully used for drug development in the future.

The authors’ point of view, as expressed in publications, on the evolution of models taking into account the irregularity of irradiation in time, which are contained in the ICRP Recommendations and are used in radiation risk assessment, is generalized. The formal nature and imperfection of these models is noted. The need to build models based on biological concepts of radiation carcinogenesis is justified.

Introduction One of the most common injuries in children is clavicle fractures. They account for up to 14 % of all pediatric bone injuries. Aim Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of surgical and conservative methods of treating closed clavicle fractures in children. Materials and methods Between 2011 and 2018, 1,800 children with clavicle fractures referred to the traumatology and orthopedic department at the Children's Clinical Hospital No. 9 in Yekaterinburg.Most of them were treated conservatively, and 94 (5.2 %) children were hospitalized for surgical treatment. Depending on age and type of displacement, children received different conservative treatments, such as Deso dressing in children under two years old, figure-eight-bandage in children over two years of age. Surgical treatment was open reduction of fragments and fixation with either a Kirschner wire or a titanium elastic nail (TEN); titanium plates were used in several cases. For a comparative assessment of the results of the treatment methods for clavicle fractures, two groups of patients were formed. Results Shortening of consolidated clavicle was not observed in children of the main group treated surgically. In several cases, the elongation of the clavicle was revealed by no more than 1 cm. Patients in the comparison group showed shortening of the broken clavicle in three cases, no more than 1.3 cm. Conclusion After surgical treatment, the length of the shoulder girdle was fully restored; insignificant shortening after conservative treatment did not cause functional disorders.

Scleroma is a chronic specific infectious disease of the respiratory tract, which has various forms with different activity of the process. In this work, we studied the concentration of fibronectin as a marker of scleroma activity in 39 patients, including 18 patients with an infiltrative form and 21 patients with a cicatricial form. The fibronectin content in the blood serum of patients with the infiltrative form was 708.1 ±29.4 ug ml. In the group of patients with cicatricial scleroma, the fibronectin concentration was 412.5 ± 20.1 ug ml (the differences between the groups are statistically significant, p < 0.001). In none of the groups of patients with scleroma a relationship was found between the level of fibronectin and the duration of the disease, sex and age, and the prevalence of the pathological process in the respiratory tract. The data obtained make it possible to use the study of fibronectin concentration as a marker of the activity of the scleroma process.

The leading place among cardiovascular diseases in the world – 50% – belongs to the ischaemic heart disease. Coronary bypass grafting is the golden standard for treatment of patients with multivessel ischaemic heart disease. The modern level of coronary surgery makes it possible to perform safe and efficacious direct revascularisation with hospital lethality not exceeding 1-3%. This article presents a review of literature devoted to the history of coronary surgery development including analysis of relevant sources dated 2010-2020 published in PubMed and Google Scholar databases: from first experimental procedures in the beginning of the 20th century and indirect myocardial revascularisation methods to direct bypass grafting of the impaired heart vessels actively developed since early 1960s. The article describes types of grafts applied with description of advantages and disadvantages of each one as well as contemporary methods and conditions for coronary bypass grafting and further prospects in development of ischaemic heart disease surgery.

Due to the limited volumes of conventional sources of cellulose (cotton and wood), research centered on producing the most competitive science-driven products – cellulose nitrates – from new, domestic, easily renewable feedstocks is extremely relevant. The review of scientific literature corroborates the lack of data on the feasibility to obtain cellulose nitrates from Miscanthus, except for the authors’ publications. Here we suggest a tree-like industrial crop, Miscanthus var. KAMIS, growing with an yield of up to 20 t/ha a year on industrial plantations in Kaliningradskaya, Kaluzhskaya and Yaroslavskaya Oblasts and in Primorskiy Krai. A pulp sample derived from Miscanthus var. KAMIS by the nitric-acid process exhibits a high α-cellulose content of 96 % and degree of polymerization of 1350. Under optimum synthesis conditions previously identified for unconventional feedstocks, a cellulose nitrate sample was synthesized by treating the pulp with commercially available mixed acid and had the following functional characteristics: 11.26 % nitrogen content, 52 mPа∙s viscosity, and – 95 % solubility on alcohol-ester mixture. Morphological features of pulp and cellulose nitrate samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of functional groups in pulp samples (3411, 2913, 1637, 1429, 1369, 1317, 1161, 700-500 cm-1) and cellulose nitrate samples (2553, 1642, 1276, 830, 746, 680 cm-1), which allow those samples to be identified as cellulose and nitrate cellulose esters, respectively. It was found by scanning electron microscopy that the cellulose nitrate sample matches industrial Colloxylines by the onset temperature of decomposition (199 °С) and specific head of decomposition (8,43 kJ/g). The practical importance of this study is that we experimentally justify the feasibility to utilize the new, unconventional, domestic, easily renewable feedstock, Miscanthus var. KAMIS, as a precursor of high-quality cellulose nitrates

The study was performed for miscanthus introduced and grown in West Siberia. Transformation of miscanthus into bacterial nanocellulose was accomplished for the first time. The microbiological synthesis of bacterial nanocellulose using the Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 symbiotic culture gave chemically pure bacterial nanocellulose with exceptionally high crystallinity index and content of Iα allomorph.

The compositions of alumoboro- and alumochromophosphate with a tetratomic alcohol, pentaerythritol, which is the component forming hydrogen and chemical bonds with the phosphate groups, are considered. The extremum dependence of the softening point on the concentration of pentaerythritol accompanied by a symbatic change in the moisture resistance is found. The heat and thermal resistance, oxygen index of the cured compositions, and bending strength of the composites reinforced by a basalt fabric are measured. The energy of the intermolecular bonds of the monomeric phosphate units with pentaerythritol is calculated, and computer modeling of the conformation of the complexes is performed. The higher chemical activity of alumochromophosphate in comparison with alumoborophosphate is determined.

A clinical case of successful repair of a combination of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) with collector stenosis in one-day-old newborn. Only one case of successful correction of such a pathology is reported previously. The operation was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass and temporary antegrade brain perfusion. The narrowed aortic area was resected, the integrity of the aortic arch was restored using an extended anastomosis, and TAPVC correction was performed using a “sutureless technique”. The postoperative period was uneventful. The newborn was discharged from hospital on the 12th day.

The interaction energies of fragments of aluminoborophosphate chains with water molecules and nitrogen-containing compounds are calculated using a density functional theory (DFT). The conformational changes of monomer units of aluminophosphate and molecular complexes during the formation of hydrogen bonds are analyzed. The complexation of aluminoborophosphate with various nitrogen-containing compounds, which leads to the displacement of water from the chain surface, is considered, and the thermal effects of complex formation are calculated. The moisture absorption of mixtures of oligomeric aluminoborophosphate with amines was measured upon various ratios of components.