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La compilation soundtrack, es decir, la música de una película compuesta por medio de temas preexistentes sincronizados, es una forma de entender la música para cine que comenzó a utilizarse en la producción cinematográfica durante la segunda mitad del siglo pasado. Diferentes directores han utilizado desde entonces esta forma de acompañamiento musical con intenciones muy diversas. Si existe un rasgo de estilo característico en el trabajo del director Paolo Sorrentino es el del uso de esta forma de aplicación de la música al relato audiovisual. Los temas que componen las compilation soundtracks que este director teje en sus películas configuran una forma especial de apoyo narrativo por parte de la música a la acción que se presenta en la pantalla. Una combinación de temas que van desde la música más popular y comercial a temas que se encuadran dentro de la denominada música clásica contemporánea y que definen un acompañamiento que llega a ser característica esencial en todos los relatos audiovisuales de los que es responsable el cineasta italiano. Su gran cultura de escucha queda patente en la eficiencia que muestra en la recopilación de los temas utilizados. En la película La Gran Belleza, Sorrentino configura una selección musical en la que combina músicas de una gran delicadeza y refinamiento con el sonido más estridente y discotequero. Por medio de esta selección de músicas se refleja la búsqueda de la belleza y la autenticidad del personaje protagonista, Jep Gambardella, perdido en un mundo dominado por la apariencia y el hedonismo. El collage de temas musicales que Sorrentino utiliza en esta película puede resultar disperso y falto de sentido, pero define un propósito claro de aportar contemporaneidad al relato y una intención expresiva que genera, en muchos de los casos desde la apelación al espectador, un sentido narrativo transparente y directo.

A study involving the use of Mg-MeOH for the double reductive cleavage of both N-S and C-S bonds in a series of 11 benzo-fused cyclic sulfonamides is reported. Examples where the sulfonamide nitrogen atom is part of a pyrrolidine ring effectively undergo reduction, as long as a methoxy substituent is not

A new vitamin D analogue with a trans-fused decalin as the CD-ring system and containing a sulphur atom in the side chain has been synthesized in our research group. The obtention of this analogue is based on a recently discovered transformation of hydrindane cores into decalins through a dyotropic ring expansion in very mild conditions.

Trabajo presentado en LXIV Congreso Nacional de la SEHH; XXXVIII Congreso Nacional de la SETH y 38th World Congress of the ISH, celebrado en Barcelona (España) del 06 al 08 de octubre de 2022., El ratón presenta unos niveles de factor V muy altos respecto al humano (1) y pudiera jugar un papel importante en el desarrollo embrionario de la especie. Actualmente no ha sido posible generar un modelo animal murino deficiente en dicha proteína, ya que su déficit a nivel embrionario provoca la interrupción de la embriogénesis y muerte prematura de los neonatos (2). En este trabajo se caracteriza la expresión del gen para el factor V (F5) en distintos estadios del desarrollo embrionario, analizando la evolución de la expresión de F5 desde el día 8 (E8) hasta el día 12 (E12) de gestación.

The formation of molecular hydrogen as well as the possibility of using coinage metal hydrides as a prospective complex to produce hydrogen was presented in this work. Therefore, the reactions involving the interaction between two coinage metal hydrides, MH (M=Cu, Ag and Au, homo and heterodimers), were studied. The free energy profiles corresponding to aforementioned complexation were analysed by means of ab initio methods of quantum chemistry. The characteristics of these intermediates, final complexes and the electron density properties of the established interactions were discussed., The research was financially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Projects PGC2018-094644- B-C2), Comunidad de Madrid (PS2018/EMT-4329 AIRTEC-CM) and Science Foundation of Ireland (SFI), grant number 18/SIRG/5517. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. Thanks are given to the CTI (CSIC) and the Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC) for their continued computational support. We would like to thank Dr. José A. Gámez for all useful ideas and discussions

In the present paper, we report the quantitative evaluation of the electron density shift (EDS) maps within different complexes. Values associated with the total EDS maps exhibited good correlation with different quantities such as interaction energies, Eint, intermolecular distances, bond critical points, and LMOEDA energy decomposition terms. Besides, EDS maps at different cutoffs were also evaluated and related with the interaction energies values. Finally, EDS maps and their corresponding values are found to correlate with Eint within systems with cooperative effects. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the EDS has been quanitatively evaluated., The research was financially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (Projects PGC2018-094644-B-C2), Dirección General de Investigación e Innovación de la Comunidad de Madrid (PS2018/EMT4329 AIRTEC-CM), and Science Foundation of Ireland (SFI), grant number 18/SIRG/5517. The authors thank CTI (CSIC) and the Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC) for their continued computational support, as well as Dr. Lee O’Riordan for his careful reading and suggestion. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.

Este verano 2022 publicamos el informe "Radiografía del (des)empleo juvenil en España 2007 - 2022" convencidos de que, aunque se ha escrito mucho sobre empleo, sigue siendo una necesidad imperiosa analizar la situación de la empleabilidad juvenil, sus logros, retrocesos y enormes desafíos. Tras un periodo, además, que ha constatado de nuevo, tal y como se vio en España con la anterior crisis económica, la posición de fragilidad y vulnerabilidad de la población joven en el mercado de trabajo.En este estudio hemos querido recoger los principales datos y la evolución de los indicadores que reflejan los impactos en el empleo joven de las dos últimas crisis, así como la opinión de una mesa de expertos y expertas que ayudan a entender dichos datos y a trazar escenarios de futuro. &nbsp

El projecte que es presenta a continuació es basa en les recerques del grup IMEM (Innovació en Materials i Enginyeria Molecular) on es desenvolupen sensors multicapa composts per polímers conductors per a la detecció de neurotransmissors, amb la posterior aplicació en el sector de la biomedicina i/o bioenginyeria. La primera part del projecte es centra en determinar el procediment òptim de síntesi de la polianilina (PANI) mitjançant una tècnica electroquímica anomenada cronoamperometria (CA) i la seva posterior caracterització, tant de la seva morfologia com de les seves propietats elèctriques. També s’estudia la viabilitat d’aquest polímer en la detecció d’un neurotransmissor, la dopamina (DA). En segon lloc, es realitzen els mateixos estudis a la combinació de 3,4 – etilendioxitiofè (EDOT) i l’anilina (ANI) electrogenerats en dos medis diferents, aigua i acetonitril. A més, mitjançant tècniques de caracterització com ara, microscòpies i espectroscòpies, es determina si es produeix la copolimerització d’aquests dos monòmers en els medis de síntesis esmentats. En la tercera i última part, després d'obtenir un copolímer d'EDOT i ANI en medi aquós, s’elabora un sensor multicapa amb la següent estructura, alternant les tècniques de l'electropolimerització i el spin coating. - PLA nanoperforat, PEDOT-co-PANI, PLA nanoperforat, PEDOT-co-PANI, PLA nanoperforat. S'aplica el sensor obtingut en la detecció del neurotransmissor dopamina en dos medis, PBS i orina sintètica i, es comprova la seva viabilitat, tan dipositat sobre una placa d’acer com desprenent-ho d’ella, obtenint així un sensor free-standing. Finalment, es conclou que existeix copolimerització dels monòmers EDOT i ANI en medi aquós, però no en acetonitril. També es demostra que el sensor multicapa, format pel copolímer PEDOT-co-PANI en medi aquós com a material conductor, detecta la dopamina tant en PBS com en orina sintètica. El proyecto que se presenta a continuación se basa en las investigaciones del grupo IMEM (Innovació en Materials i Enginyeria Molecular) para desarrollar sensores multicapa compuestos por polímeros conductores para la detección de neurotransmisores, con la posterior aplicación en el sector de la biomedicina y/o bioingeniería. La primera parte del proyecto se centra en determinar el procedimiento óptimo de síntesis de la polianilina (PANI) mediante una técnica electroquímica llamada cronoamperometria (CA) y su posterior caracterización, tanto de su morfología como de sus propiedades eléctricas. También se estudia la viabilidad de este polímero en la detección de un neurotransmisor, la dopamina (DA). En segundo lugar, se realizan los mismos estudios a la combinación de 3,4 – etilendioxitiofeno (EDOT) y anilina (ANI) electrogenerados en dos medios distintos, agua y acetonitrilo. Además, mediante técnicas de caracterización tales como, microscopias y espectroscopias, se determina si se produce la copolimerización de estos dos monómeros en los medios de síntesis. En la tercera y última parte, tras obtener un copolímero de EDOT y ANI en medio acuoso, se elabora un sensor multicapa con la siguiente estructura, alternando las técnicas de la electropolimerización y el spin coating. - PLA nanoperforado, PEDOT-co-PANI, PLA nanoperforado, PEDOT-co-PANI, PLA nanoperforado. Se aplica el sensor obtenido en la detección del neurotransmisor dopamina en dos medios, PBS y orina sintética y, se comprueba su viabilidad, tanto depositado sobre una placa de acero como desprendiéndolo de ella, obteniendo así un sensor free-standing. Finalmente, se concluye que existe copolimerización de los monómeros EDOT y ANI en medio acuoso, pero no en acetonitrilo. También se demuestra que el sensor multicapa con copolímero PEDOT-co-PANI en medio acuoso como material conductor detecta la dopamina, tanto en PBS como en orina sintética. The project presented below is based on research by IMEM (Innovation in Materials and Molecular Engineering) which develops multilayer sensors composed of conductive polymers for the detection of neurotransmitters, with subsequent application in the biomedical and/or bioengineering sector. The first part of the project focuses on determining the optimal polyaniline (PANI) synthesis procedure using an electrochemical technique called chronoamperometry (CA) and its subsequent characterization, both of its morphology and its electrical properties. The viability of this polymer is also studied in neurotransmitter detection such as dopamine (DA). Secondly, the same studies are carried out in the combination of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and aniline (ANI) electropolymerized using two different solvents, water and acetonitrile. In addition, by characterization techniques such as microscopes and spectroscopies, it is determined whether the copolymerization of these two monomers occurs in the synthesis media mentioned. In the third and final part, after obtaining a copolymer of EDOT and ANI in aqueous solution, a multilayer sensor is made with the following structure, alternating two techniques, electropolymerization and spin coating. - Nanoperforated PLA, PEDOT-co-PANI, nanoperforated PLA, PEDOT-co-PANI, nanoperforated PLA. The sensor obtained used for the detection of the neurotransmitter dopamine in a solution of PBS and synthetic urine, deposited on a steel plate and detaching it from it, obtaining a free-standing sensor. Finally, it is concluded that there is copolymerization of EDOT and ANI monomers in aqueous solution, but not in acetonitrile. It is also shown that the multilayer sensor, formed by the copolymer PEDOT-co-PANI in aqueous solution as conductive material, detects dopamine in PBS and synthetic urine.

This paper investigates the initiation of a deflagration in a premixed boundary-layer stream by continuous heat deposition from a line energy source placed perpendicular to the flow on the wall surface, a planar flow configuration relevant for small-scale combustion applications, including portable rotary engines. Ignition is investigated in the constant density approximation with a one-step irreversible reaction with large activation energy adopted for the chemistry description. The ratio of the characteristic strain time, given by the inverse of the wall velocity gradient, to the characteristic deflagration residence time defines the relevant controlling Damkhler number D. The time-dependent evolution following the activation of the heat source is obtained by numerical integration of the energy and fuel conservation equations. For sufficiently small values of D, the solution evolves towards a steady flow in which the chemical reaction remains confined to a finite nearsource reactive kernel. This becomes increasingly slender for increasing values of D, corresponding to smaller near-wall velocities, until a critical value D(c)1 is reached at which the confined kernel is replaced by a steady anchored deflagration, assisted by the source heating rate, which develops indefinitely downstream. As the boundary-layer velocity gradient is further decreased, a second critical Damkhler number D-c2 > D-c1 is reached at which the energy deposition results in a flashback deflagration propagating upstream against the incoming flow along the base of the boundary layer. The computations investigate the dependence of D-c1 and D-c2 on the fuel diffusivity and the dependence of D(c 1)on the source heating rate, delineating the boundaries that define the relevant regime diagram for these combustion systems. This work was supported by the Spanish MCINN through projects #CSD2010-00011, ENE2012-33213 and ENE2015-65852-C2-1-R.

An experimental study of methane, propane and dimethyl ether (DME) premixed flames propagating in a quasi-two-dimensional Hele-Shaw cell placed horizontally is presented in this paper. The flames are ignited at the open end of the combustion chamber and propagate towards the closed end. Our experiments revealed two distinct propagation regimes depending on the equivalence ratio of the mixture as a consequence of the coupling between the heat-release rate and the acoustic waves. The primary acoustic instability induces a small-amplitude, of around 8 mm, oscillatory motion across the chamber that is observed for lean propane, lean DME, and rich methane flames. Eventually, a secondary acoustic instability emerges for sufficiently rich (lean) propane and DME (methane) flames, inducing large-amplitude oscillations in the direction of propagation of the flame. The amplitude of these oscillations can be as large as 30 mm and drastically changes the outline of the flame. The front then forms pulsating finger-shaped structures that characterize the flame propagation under the secondary acoustic instability. The experimental setup allows the recording of the flame propagation from two different points of view. The top view is used to obtain accurate quantitative information about the flame propagation, while the lateral view offered a novel three dimensional perspective of the flame that gives relevant information on the transition between the two oscillatory regimes. The influence of the geometry of the Hele-Shaw cell and of the equivalence ratio on the transition between the two acoustic-instability regimes is analyzed. In particular, we find that the transition to the secondary instability occurs for values of the equivalence ratio ϕ above (below) a critical value ϕc for propane and DME (methane) flames. In all the tested fuels, the transition to the secondary instability emerges for values of the Markstein number M below a critical value M c . The critical Markstein number varies with the gap size h formed by the two horizontal plates that bound the Hele-Shaw cell. As h is reduced, the critical Markstein number is shifted towards larger values.

A method for computing minimum ignition energies for gaseous fuel mixtures with detailed and reduced chemistry, by numerical integration of time-dependent conservation equations in a spherically symmetrical configuration, is presented and discussed, testing its general characteristics and accuracy. The method is applied to methanol-air mixtures described by a 38-step Arrhenius chemistry description and by an 8-step chemistry description based on steady-state approximations for reaction intermediaries. Comparisons of predictions with results of available experimental measurements produced reasonable agreements and supported both the robustness of the computational method and the usefulness of the 8-step reduction in achieving accurate predictions. This work was supported by the Spanish MCINN through Projects # CSD2010-00011, ENE2012-33213 and ENE2015-65852-C2-1-R.

In addition of a key catecholamine neurotransmitter, dopamine is is the metabolite predominantly produced by specific types of tumors (e.g. paragangliomas and neuroblastomas), which cannot be diagnosed using conventional sensitive tests. Within this context, development of flexible electrochemical sensors to monitor dopamine levels in physiological fluids for the early diagnosis and control of diseases related to abnormal levels of such compound, is necessary. In this work, a flexible self-supported membrane, which acts directly as electrode, has been developed to detect dopamine. The membrane consists of three nanoperforated polylactic acid (PLA) layers, which provide flexibility and mechanical integrity, separated by two layers of an electroactive copolymer, which are obtained by electrochemical copolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and aniline. The sensitivity and detection limit provided by the electroactive copolymer, which is accessible to dopamine molecules through the nanoperforations of the PLA outer layers, is 1.846 µA/(cm2·µM) and 1.7 µM, respectively, in a urea-rich environments that mimics urine. These values allow us to propose the self-standing flexible electrodes developed in this study for the detection of dopamine in patients affected by paragangliomas and neuroblastomas tumors, which typically present dopamine concentrations between 2 and 7 µM. Award-winning

Antecedentes: El líquido sinovial es un compuesto biológico complejo que interviene en la lubricación, nutrición y la estructura de la mayoría de las articulaciones móviles. La patología asociada al derrame articular es muy variada y multifactorial. Sin embargo, el abordaje del derrame articular difiere si tiene su origen en un trauma o intervención quirúrgica, o si se origina por un proceso degenerativo o inflamatorio. Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas con palabras clave apropiadas en las bases de datos de MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, SciELO y PEDro. Los estudios elegibles se seleccionaron sobre la base de varios criterios de inclusión y exclusión, además de abarcar la última década. Resultados: Se encontraron 4 estudios adecuados para esta revisión que, en conjunto, incluyen un total de 156 participantes humanos. Conclusión: Aunque la calidad metodológica de los estudios es baja, sugerimos que el drenaje linfático ayudaría a mejorar la reabsorción sinovial. Además, el abordaje farmacológico podría también fomentar la reabsorción mediante la creación de vías linfáticas. Background: Synovial fluid is a complex biological compound involved in the lubrication, nutrition and structure of most mobile joints. The pathology associated with joint effusion is very varied and multifactorial. However, joint effusion due to trauma or following surgery is tackled differently than degenerative or inflammatory episodes. Methods: Searches were performed using appropriate keywords on MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, SciELO and PEDro databases. Studies were selected based on several inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as covering the last decade. Results: We found 4 studies suitable for this review. In sum, a total of 156 human participants were included. Conclusion: Although the methodological quality of the studies are low, we suggest that lymphatic drainage as well as specific drugs could help to improve synovial resorption.

En el presente Trabajo de Final de Máster se pretende conocer como es el acceso de las mujeres gitanas al mercado laboral en España. Para esto nos aproximaremos al Pueblo Gitano, conoceremos rasgos de su historia y de algunos de sus valores, para poco a poco centrarnos en las mujeres gitanas. Se pretenderá en este proceso romper con estereotipos y estigmas hacia el Pueblo Gitano, y, en especial hacia las mujeres gitanas. Temas como la educación y el empleo van a ser ejes centrales de este trabajo. Esto nos permitirá acercarnos a la realidad de las mujeres gitanas en su acceso al mercado laboral. Se contará con una investigación donde las mujeres gitanas son las principales actrices de esta, compartiendo su visión sobre los factores que influyen la situación de las mujeres gitanas y su acceso al mercado laboral., In this Master's Final Project, it is intended to know how is the access of gypsy women to the labor market in Spain. For this we will approach the Gypsy People, we will know features of its history and some of its values, to gradually focus on gypsy women. In this process, the aim will be to break stereotypes and stigmas towards the Roma people, and especially towards Roma women. Issues such as education and employment are going to be central axes of this work. This will allow us to get closer to the reality of Roma women in their access to the labor market. There will be an investigation where Roma women are the main actors of this, sharing their vision on the factors that influence the situation of Roma women and their access to the labor market., Departamento de Sociología y Trabajo Social, Máster en Psicopedagogía

There have been many experimental investigations into the ability of electric fields to enhance combustion by acting upon ion species present in flames. In this work, we examine this phenomenon using a one-dimensional model of a lean premixed flame under the influence of a longitudinal electric field. We expand upon prior two-step chain-branching reaction laminar models with reactions to model the creation and consumption of both a positively-charged radical species and free electrons. Also included are the electromotive force in the conservation equation for ion species and the electrostatic form of the Maxwell equations in order to resolve ion transport by externally applied and internally induced electric fields. The numerical solution of these equations allows us to compute changes in flame speed due to electric fields. Further, the variation of key kinetic and transport parameters modifies the electrical sensitivity of the flame. From changes in flame speed and reactant profiles we are able to gain novel, valuable insight into how and why combustion can be controlled by electric fields. This collaborative research was supported by the Spanish MCINN under Project #ENE2012–33213 and by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Cooperative Agreement # 025478 entitled, electromagnetically Enhanced Combustion: Electric Flames. Publicado

PurposeIn this article, the authors analyse a complex social process affecting historic public paths in rural areas in southern Spain. Despite the fact that urban populations are demanding the enhancement of this type of natural heritage for tourism, sports and recreational use, some parts of the network have been abandoned or usurped.Design/methodology/approachThe study is multidisciplinary, comprising three interlinked studies. The cartographic study comprises an inventory of public paths in rural areas based on administrative sources. The legal study analyses local, regional and national regulations governing agricultural, environmental, heritage, sports and tourism uses of the infrastructure. The sociological study analyses social discourses on the uses of public paths, and identifies conflicts between farmers, landowners, environmentalists, sportspeople and tourists.FindingsThe preliminary results identified an important public paths network in Andalusia, approximately 160,000 km. The legal study found that there are laws regulating use, although local authorities do not monitor compliance or provide solutions to enhance management. The sociological study determined the attribution of environmental, cultural and economic value to public paths, but also the existence of conflicts between rural and urban populations.Research limitations/implicationsGiven that this is ongoing research, only state of the art and some preliminary albeit sufficiently consistent results are presented.Practical implicationsThe results could help to guide public policy and governance of public paths.Social implicationsPublic paths promote rural development and a green/sustainable economy.Originality/valueThe research results and conclusions are original.

We present a mathematical model to study the steady-state performance of a membrane-less reversibleredox flow batteryformed by two immiscible electrolytes that spontaneously form a liquid-liquid system separated by a well defined interface. The model assumes a two-dimensional battery with two coflowing electrolytes and flat electrodes at the channel walls. In this configuration, the analysis of the far downstream solution indicates that the interface remains stable in all the parameter range covered by this study. To simplify the description of the problem, we use the dilute solution theory to decouple the calculation of the velocity and species concentration fields. Once thevelocity fieldis known, we obtain the distribution of the mobile ionic species along with the current and the electric potential field of the flowing electrolyte solution. The numerical integration of the problem provides the variation of the battery current densityIappwith the State of Charge (SoC) for different appliedcell voltagesVcell. A detailed analysis of the concentration density plots indicates that the normal operation of the battery is interrupted when reactant depletion is achieved near thenegative electrodeboth during charge and discharge. The effect of the electrolyte flow on the performance of the system is studied by varying the Reynolds,Re, and Péclet,Pe, numbers. As expected, the flow velocity only affects thepolarization curvein theconcentration polarizationregion, whenVcellis well below theequilibrium potential, resulting inlimiting current densitiesthat grow withReasjlim∼Re0.3. In addition, both the single-pass conversion efficiencyψand the productψ jlimdecrease withRe. Concerning the later, the decay rate withReexhibits a power law with an exponent that almost doubles previous theoretical predictions obtained by imposing a prescribed velocity profile for the electrolyte in a membrane-lesslaminar flowbattery with a liquid oxidant and gaseous fuel. The present work constitutes the first modelling attempt that simultaneously solves the fluid dynamical system formed by the two immiscible electrolytes and the electrochemical problem that determines the response of the membrane-less battery. The proposed model could be used as a valuable tool to optimize future flow battery designs based on immiscible electrolytes.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS), a signalling network with immunomodulatory properties, is a potential therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis (MS). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an approved drug for MS whose mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated; the possibility exists that its therapeutic effects could imply the ECS. With the aim of studying if DMF can modulate the ECS, the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 21 healthy donors (HD) and 32 MS patients at baseline and after 12 and 24 months of DMF treatment. MS patients presented lower levels of 2-AG and PEA compared to HD. 2-AG increased at 24 months, reaching HD levels. AEA and PEA remained stable at 12 and 24 months. OEA increased at 12 months and returned to initial levels at 24 months. Patients who achieved no evidence of disease activity (NEDA3) presented the same modulation over time as EDA3 patients. PEA was modulated differentially between females and males. Our results show that the ECS is dysregulated in MS patients. The increase in 2-AG and OEA during DMF treatment suggests a possible role of DMF in ECS modulation.

International audience

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Dr. Cristina Trujillo at the Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute in Dublin (Ireland) and Prof. Ibon Alkorta at the CSIC in Madrid (Spain). The cover picture shows the possibility of reversibly storing hydrogen using metallic compounds as reactants to produce H(2) gas and metallic dimers. Computational studies have been carried out to investigate these processes, as shown in the concept art by the Schrödinger equation. It was found that the formation and release of H(2) is energetically favorable. These results are a promising starting point for further research of using coinage metals for storing hydrogen in light compounds. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.202100108.

The Front Cover shows the studied process of releasing the hydrogen stored in coinage metals hydrides. The possibility of reversibly storing hydrogen using these metallic compounds as reactants to produce H(2) gas and metallic dimers has been investigated. Computational studies have been carried out to investigate these processes, as shown in the concept art by the Schrödinger equation. It was found that the formation and release of H(2) is energetically favorable. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Iñigo Iribarren et al. [Image: see text]

espanolEl agotamiento del lenguaje de la musica de cine corre en paralelo al del propio lenguaje cinematografico tradicional. En un tiempo en el que la proliferacion de plataformas para consumo de productos audiovisuales lo ha diversificado, y en el que la asuncion de nuevos medios ha cambiado la forma de contemplar imagenes en movimiento, son necesarios cambios esteticos. Un cineasta como Paul Thomas Anderson todavia confia en formas cercanas a la tradicion, aunque siempre las ponga en cuestion en sus peliculas. Generar lo nuevo desde la base tradicional es la forma mas original de enfrentarse a esos cambios necesarios para que un nuevo cine cautive al cinefilo y a cualquier persona que necesite que le cuenten una historia de forma solida. La musica de Jonny Greenwood cumple con precision ese objetivo desde el acompanamiento narrativo de la accion. La orquesta tradicional se funde en nuevas sonoridades tomadas de un lenguaje contemporaneo que tampoco quiere abandonar las maneras de una forma abrupta. Por un lado, un paso atras, en un entorno actual con un lenguaje de la musica de cine muy dependiente de la maquinaria, por otro lado, un paso adelante en un estilo muy lejano al gran mainstream musical al recuperar sonidos originales, asi como el cine de Paul Thomas Anderson rescata emociones perdidas en el cine actual. EnglishThe depletion of the film music language runs parallel to the traditional film language. In a time in which the proliferation of platforms for consumption of audiovisual products has diversified it, and when the assumption of new media has changed the way of contemplating moving images; aesthetical changes are needed. A filmmaker like Paul Thomas Anderson still relies on traditional parameters, although he always puts them in question in his films. Create a new feature from the traditional base is the most original way to face those changes that are necessary for a new cinema that captivates the cinephile and all those who needs a solid story on the screen. Jonny Greenwood’s music fulfills accurately that objective starting on the narrative accompaniment of the action. The traditional orchestra plays new sounds taken from a contemporary language that does not want to leave the tradition. On the one hand a step back, the current language of film music relies so much on machinery; on the other hand, a step forward in a style very far from the great musical mainstream that recovers original sounds, as well as the films made by Paul Thomas Anderson rescues lost emotions in today's cinema.

A theoretical study of a variety of cyclohexane-based anion transporters interacting with the chloride anion has been conducted using density functional theory. The calculations have been performed in the gas phase but also, in order to describe the solvation effects on the interaction, two different solvents-chloroform and dimethylsulfoxide-have been taken into account. Gas-phase interaction energies within the complexes are found to be up to 400 kJ/mol, while, when solvent effects are considered, the interaction energy values decreased drastically concomitantly with an elongation in the interatomic distances. Atoms in molecules and natural bond analysis corroborate the trends found for the intermolecular energies and Cl···H distances, suggesting strong donations from the Cl- anion into the σ*H-N antibonding orbitals, as well as with noncovalent interaction plots showing large areas of electron density overlap within the chloride anion surroundings.

A theoretical study has been carried out at the M062X/6-311++G(d,p) computational level to search for a rationale on ligands' affinity toward α2-adrenoceptors by estimating the nature and strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds potentially formed (by means of the QTAIM and NBO approaches) as well as the degree of deviation from planarity that could be observed in some of the compounds. Four different families have been studied: thiophen-2-yl, 3-carboxylatethiophen-2-yl esters, 3-cyanothiophen-2-yl, and 2-thiazolyl guanidinium derivatives. In the case of the thiophen-2-yl guanidines not substituted in the 3 position, nonplanarity was always observed, whereas in the thiazole series, intramolecular hydrogen bonds were identified between the guanidinium and the thiazole ring forcing the systems to planarity. Regarding the carboxylic esters, two different rotamers were found: quasi-planar and quasi-perpendicular systems with very similar energy. Both of these isomers can form different nets of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and other types of noncovalent interactions. Different physicochemical properties such as basicity, solubility, or lipophilicity were calculated for these systems, but no correlation to the degree of planarity was found. However, when comparing the α2-ARs affinity with the planarity of the molecules, a trend appears in the thiophen-2-yl guanidinium series indicating that lack of planarity seems to be optimal for α2-ARs engagement.

New micro-devices, such as unmanned aerial vehicles or micro-robots, have increased the demand of a new generation of small-scale combustion power system that go beyond the energy-density limitations of batteries or fuel cells. The characteristics short residence times and intense heat losses reduce the efficiency of combustion-based devices, a key factor that requires of an acute modelling effort to understand the competing physicochemical phenomena that hamper their efficient operation. With this objective in mind, this paper is devoted to the development of a high-order meshfree method to model combustion inside complex geometries using radial basis functions-generated finite differences (RBF-FD) based on polyharmonic splines (PHS) augmented with multivariate polynomials (PHS+poly). In our model, the combustion chamber of a micro-rotary engine is simulated by a system of unsteady reaction-diffusion equations coupled with a steady flow passing a bidimensional stenotic channel of great slenderness. The conversion efficiency is characterized by identifying the different combustion regimes that emerged as a function of the ignition point. We show that PHS+poly based RBF-FD is able to achieve high-order algebraic convergence on scattered node distributions, enabling for node refinement in key regions of the fluid domain. This feature makes it specially well adapted to integrate problems in irregular geometries with front-like solutions, such as reactive fronts or shock waves. Several numerical tests are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of our approach. VB was supported by Spanish MECD Grant FIS2016-77892-R. MSS and EFT acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Government under projects ENE2015-65852-C2-1-R and PID2019-108592RB-C41 (MINECO/FEDER,UE).

Results of time-dependent, spherically symmetrical computations of the vaporization and combustion of ethanol and ethanol/water droplets are reported. Mixture-average transport was employed, along with a systematically reduced chemical-kinetic mechanism involving 15 overall steps among 17 chemical species, to speed the computations by a factor of about 100 over what would be required if full detailed chemistry had been used. Absorption of water from the gas surrounding the droplet and its diffusive transport within the liquid phase were taken into account, providing excellent agreement with previous experimental and computational results for the combustion of ethanol droplets in air. On the other hand, the assumption of rapid liquid-phase mixing produced very poor agreement when water condensation on the droplet surface or hydrous ethanol are considered. To characterize autoignition, we define the critical autoignition temperature Tc ∞ as the critical ambient temperature below which autoignition is not observed. Computations for autoignition of cold ethanol/water droplets in air showed that Tc ∞ decreases with increasing initial droplet diameters. In the range of parameters under consideration, ignition was found to take place always before complete vaporization of the droplet, and the ignition time was found to become longer with the increasing initial water content of the liquid ethanol droplet. On the contrary, addition of water vapor to the initial air atmosphere was found to shorten the ignition time, increasing ethanol vaporization rate as a consequence of the extra heat release associated with water absorption into the liquid. The authors want to express their gratitude to Professor Forman Williams in the conception and guidance of this work, in particular, and all the ongoing work on ethanol droplet vaporization and combustion. This work was supported by the projects ENE2015-65852-C2-1-R and PID2019-108592RB-C41 (MINECO/FEDER,UE).

Single fuel droplet vaporization, with special attention to the case of ethanol, is considered in this study. First, we showed, using an order-of-magnitude analysis and detailed unsteady simulations, that the commonly used quasi-steady assumption is not suitable for an accurate description of the liquid phase during the evaporation process. Second, we demonstrated that an increase in the relative importance of radiation explains the departures of the evaporation rate from the d2-law observed experimentally when sufficiently large droplets – initial radius above 0.25 mm – evaporated in ambient temperatures around 800 K. The multicomponent formulation included here, in which the physical properties of both liquid and gas phases depend on the concentration of the different species involved, was validated by comparing our numerical results with experimental data of ethanol, n-heptane, ethanol–water and n-dodecane–n-hexadecane droplets available in the literature. Because of its technological relevance, we dedicated special attention to the effect of the droplet water content and ambient humidity on the evaporation time of ethanol droplets. Our computations showed higher vaporization rates with increasing ambient humidity as a consequence of the extra heat generated during the condensation of moisture on the droplet surface. The authors express their gratitude to Professor F. Williams in the conception and guidance of this work, in particular, and all the ongoing work on ethanol droplet vaporization and combustion. This work was supported by the project ENE2015-65852-C2-1-R (MINECO/FEDER,UE). The authors are grateful for the comments and suggestions offered by an anonymous referee during the revision of the paper.

En la comunidad de las redes de comunicaciones actual, existe cada vez mayor interés por las soluciones desagregadas de los elementos de red, donde un elemento cada vez más importante son las White-Boxes. Estas necesitan tener interfaces estándar para poder integrarse de forma sencilla en las redes del operador. Este TFG realizará extensiones a los protocolos y validación de los mismos para facilitar el despliegue de estas soluciones de red. En concreto, se probarán primero dos NOS (Network Operating System): Goldstone y SONiC. Tras escoger el segundo, se implementará una cli-unit (unidad de traducción de CLI) como contribución al proyecto OpenSource de FRINX UniConfg, para facilitar las soluciones basadas en White-Boxes con ese NOS. Para poder probar lo implementado, se construirá un entorno de red virtual basado en contenerización (con Docker). Este entorno lo formarán dos switches (conmutadores de red) con el sistema operativo SONiC, que se comunicarán entre ellos. Serán accesibles por SSH, por lo que será posible conectarse con la herramienta FRINX UniConfg para confgurarlos a través del empleo de la unidad de traducción de CLI implementada.

espanolEn este articulo trataremos sobre las fuentes relativas al pueblo cimerio, su relacion con los movimientos migratorios escitas a la region del Ponto septentrional y la relacion de ambos pueblos con los mitos amazonicos. La influencia de las sociedades indoiranias en el arte heleno es bien conocida, aunque en muchas ocasiones se han ofrecido interpretaciones diversas a la aparicion de arqueros orientales en numerosas piezas de pintura vascular. A continuacion intentaremos explicar esas conexiones entre las sociedades nomadas orientales y los relatos miticos amazonicos en el periodo Arcaico, asi como su interpretacion en los motivos decorativos de la ceramica griega. EnglishIn this article we will explain the sources related to the Cimmerian people, their relationship with the Scythian migratory movements to the Northern Ponto region and the relationship of both peoples with the Amazonian myths. The influence of Indo-Iranian societies on Hellenistic art is well known, although diverse interpretations have been offered on many occasions of the appearance of Oriental archers in a lot of pieces of vascular painting. Below we will try to explain these connections between the eastern nomadic societies and the Amazonian mythical stories in the Archaic period, as well as their interpretation in the decorative motifs of Greek ceramics.

Herein we report the discovery of a new photochemical cascade process through a flow-based strategy for intercepting diradicals generated from simple alkenes. This continuous process delivers a series of unprecedented polycyclic reaction products. Exploring the scope of this novel process revealed that this approach is general and affords a variety of structurally complex reaction products in high yields (up to 81%), short reaction times (7 min) and high throughputs (up to 5.5 mmol h−1). A mechanistic rationale is presented that is supported by computations as well as isolation of key intermediates whose identity is confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The presented photochemical cascade process demonstrates the discovery of new chemical reactivity and complex chemical scaffolds by continuously generating and intercepting high-energy intermediates in a highly practical manner., A photochemical cascade process is reported affording complex pentacyclic scaffolds in high yields from readily available substrates. Flow processing provided high reaction control and scalability to generate gram quantities of these intriguing scaffolds for further studies.

Thermoacoustic instabilities arise for lean hydrogen-air flames propagating in narrow channels. We provide here a detailed experimental analysis of such phenomena in a semi-confined vessel, analyzing the effect of the mixture composition, geometry and gravity on the onset of acoustic-driven flame vibrations. Downward-propagating flames leaner than a critical value vibrate smoothly and transit to the secondary oscillating instability, which develops strong variations of pressure that couple with the propagation dynamics. The transition threshold changes during the propagation along very narrow channels, where heat losses are no longer negligible. The parametric region of equivalence ratio for the secondary thermoacoustic instability diminishes, showing an additional transition for very lean flames. There, the front breaks into several structures and the flame-wave feedback becomes weaker. The influence of gravity is studied by comparing upward and downward propagating flames, where the Rayleigh–Taylor instability arises for sufficiently small values of the Froude number in slow-propagating lean flames. For a constant mixture, buoyancy-driven upward-propagating flames develop less wrinkled fronts than those propagating downwards, and remain unresponsive to acoustic-front interaction. We show here a direct relation between front shape and thermoacoustics. In agreement with previous studies [1], [2], [3], curvature and strain effects on conduction and diffusion characterize the response of the flame to pressure perturbations, with the Markstein number controlling the aforementioned transition. Nevertheless, the theoretical analyses found in the literature can only be used on nearly equidiffusional mixtures, and are not accurate enough to describe the highly diffusive fuel mixtures (i.e. lean hydrogen-air flames) considered in our experiments. This work was supported by projects ENE2015-65852-C2-1-R (MINECO/ FEDER, UE), BYNV-ua37crdy (Fundación Iberdrola España) and KIT. The authors want to thank the technical support of ProScience GmbH. in the construction and operation of the experimental setup. D. Martnez-Ruiz would like to acknowledge F. Higuera for fruitful discussions. Publicado

The geometry, energy and electron density properties of the 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 complexes between cyclic (Py-M)3 (M = Au, Ag and Cu) and halide ions (F&minus, Cl&minus, and Br&minus, ) were studied using M&oslash, ller Plesset (MP2) computational methods. Three different configurations were explored. In two of them, the anions interact with the metal atoms in planar and apical dispositions, while in the last configuration, the anions interact with the CH(4) group of the pyrazole. The energetic results for the 1:2 and 1:3 complexes are a combination of the specific strength of the interaction plus a repulsive component due to the charge:charge coulombic term. However, stable minima structures with dissociation barriers for the anions indicate that those complexes are stable and (Py-M)3 can hold up to three anions simultaneously. A search in the CSD confirmed the presence of (Pyrazole-Cu)3 systems with two anions interacting in apical disposition.

The present work analyses the reliability of the Brazilian test with loading arcs. A new testing set up has allowed to determine in an effective way the real load of the failure initiation as this moment was not always or correctly detected by the universal testing machine. The instrumentation used is a simple and low-cost method that allows to know the possible pressure distribution in the contact zone as well as the final contact angle. It has been observed that the success of the test depends mainly on the surface finish of the parts involved, their geometric tolerances and the symmetry of the applied load. These boundary conditions have a direct effect in the contact pressure distribution. The possible failure modes observed experimentally have been simulated with the finite element methods. For this, the contact boundary condition has been changed and the possible stress distribution in term of Griffith equivalent stress has been obtained. The numerical analysis allows to study the influence of the initial contact condition on the success of the test and agrees with the experimental results. Furthermore, an uncertainty analysis in the expression of the tensile strength confirms that, when the test is valid, a crack appears suddenly in the central area of the disk, as observed experimentally, so there is no need to determine if the starting point is in the centre. Additionally, it has been observed that the initial crack length depends on the type of pressure distribution in the contact zone. Finally, a series of recommendations are given in order to minimize both the variability of the final contact angle and the risk of premature failure of the Brazilian disk.

We present in this short communication a modification to our previous ethanol reduced combustion chemistry (Millán-Merino, 2018) that eliminates nonphysical values of the species concentrations which we discovered in applying the mechanism to the combustion of an isolated ethanol droplet. This unsteady test is reported here to check the multipurpose character of the reduced mechanism for a problem that combines non-homogeneous autoignition, rich and lean premixed-flame propagation, and the development of a diffusion flame, as well as a the presence of a cold moving boundary at the droplet surface. During the computations, production and consumption rates of the alfa-hydroxyethyl (CH3CHOH) intermediary radical became unbalanced, invalidating its steady-state hypothesis, which was used during the derivation of the reduced scheme. This difficulty is removed here by taking CH3CHOH out of steady state, thereby augmenting slightly the reduced mechanism. This work was supported by the project ENE2015-65852-C2-1-R (MINECO/FEDER,UE).

© 2020 by the authors., A theoretical study and Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) search of dinuclear Ag(I) pyrazolates interactions with Lewis bases were carried out and the effect of the substituents and ligands on the structure and on the aromaticity were analyzed. A relationship between the intramolecular Ag–Ag distance and stability was found in the unsubstituted system, which indicates a destabilization at longer distances compensated by ligands upon complexation. It was also observed that the asymmetrical interaction with phosphines as ligands increases the Ag–Ag distance. This increase is dramatically higher when two simultaneous PH3 ligands are taken into account. The calculated 109Ag chemical shielding shows variation up to 1200 ppm due to the complexation. Calculations showed that six-membered rings possessed non-aromatic character while pyrazole rings do not change their aromatic character significantly upon complexation., This work was carried out with financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Projects PGC2018-094644-B-C2) and Dirección General de Investigación e Innovación de la Comunidad de Madrid (PS2018/EMT-4329 AIRTEC-CM), and Science Foundation of Ireland (SFI), grant number 18/SIRG/5517.

El universo amazónico abarca innumerables temas (género, mitología, arqueología, relaciones sociales, la visión del «Otro», la guerra, la autoctonía, etc. En definitiva, una sociedad exclusivamente femenina, o donde las mujeres controlan todas los ámbitos es considerada un matriarcado (al margen de conceptos como la matrilinealidad, matrilocalidad o ambas). Ha llenado páginas, no solo en la Antigüedad, y ha permanecido en la mente humana durante milenios. El surgimiento de las teorías matriarcales en el siglo xix sirvió para retomar una discusión sobre el género, dormida pero nunca olvidada, que influyó enormemente en los primeros análisis contemporáneos sobre uno de los más conocidos mitos griegos. Muchos de los postulados que surgieron entonces, como el matriarcado o la existencia de una Gran Diosa Madre primigenia, hoy superados, aún siguen siendo defendidos por diversos autores para avalar la supuesta existencia real de una sociedad con esas características que merecen un análisis crítico.

Six different magmatic intrusions were detected around El Hierro Island in the two years that followed the end of the 2011–2012 submarine eruption. Each intrusion lasted between few days to three weeks and produced intense seismic swarms and rapid ground deformation. We performed a hypoDD relocation of >6000 earthquakes and inverted the GPS data in order to obtain the location of the magma source of each intrusion. Each episode presents a spatial gap between seismicity and magma source of 3–8 km with the earthquakes located always deeper than the deformation sources. We propose a magma plumbing system consisting on a deep structure injecting magma to a more ductile shallower location beneath El Hierro crust. While the seismicity is associated with the deeper structure, the ascent and accumulation of magma at shallower level deforms the crust aseismically. The mechanism of most of these episodes consists of an initial injection of magma producing most of the ground deformation and high b-values of the seismicity indicating fluid fractures during the first days and finishes with high magnitude earthquakes and low b-values indicating an overpressure of the injection process. There is a correlation between the seismic and geodetic moment ratio and the direction of propagation of each intrusion towards one of the volcanic rifts of the island, suggesting the possible existence of a deep structure beneath the island related with to the triaxial origin of the island. This work presents important advances in the knowledge of monogenetic magmatic intrusions and, specifically, in those occurred in El Hierro Island between 2011 and 2014, with important implications for future volcano monitoring in the Canary Islands.

Gold(I) complexes containing stabilising ligands such as phosphines or N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are known to be inhibitors of the enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and therefore act as potential apoptosis-inducing anticancer drug candidates. The conjugation of biomolecules overexpressed in cancer cells to the gold complexes makes them semi-targeted metabolites. Auranofin, an anti-arthritis agent, encompasses this property and exhibits anti-tumour activities. The synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of four novel N-heterocyclic carbene-gold(I)-thiosugar complexes derived from glucose, lactose and galactose is reported. The reactions of 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazol-2-ylidene gold(I) chloride (NHC∗-Au-Cl) with pre-synthesized glycosyl thiols under mildly basic conditions gave the desired NHC-Au-thiosugar complexes in high to excellent yields (79–91%). The complexes retain the strong and redox-active Au-S bond contained in Auranofin. All complexes showed good solubility in biological media and were tested against the NCI 60 cancer cell panel for cytotoxicity. The synthesized NHC∗-Au derivatives showed good activity in the medium to low micromolar region, while complex 2 showed activity in the low micromolar to nanomolar region against the tested cell lines. To provide a theoretical structure of 4, computational calculations were carried out based on the crystal structures of NHC-Au-SCN and NHC-Au-S-C6H4OMe.

The ignition process produced by the instantaneous application of a linear local heat source near a cold wall is studied using irreversible Arrhenius kinetics. Special attention is devoted here to investigate the limiting case when the instantaneous source is located at a distance from the wall small in comparison with the thermal width of the flame. The ignition problem in this case is reduced to the study of flame initiation by means of a thermal dipole. Changes in the critical values of the dipole intensity for successful ignition are presented as a function of the Lewis number. The results are compared with the configuration in which the distance between the source and the cold wall is finite. This study is also relevant for safety issues in the sense of preventing accidental ignition of combustible mixtures.