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Ovaj rad opisuje proces razvoja Web-aplikacije koja korisniku omogućuje unos polazišta, zaustavljanja i odredišta unutar Republike Hrvatske, dionice naplate cestarine na dobivenoj ruti, točan model osobnog vozila u svrhu dohvaćanja službene prosječne potrošnje iz baze podataka ili ručni unos prosječne potrošnje te cijenu goriva, a zatim pruža ukupnu cijenu puta. Aplikacija je potpuno responzivna i prilagođava se različitim širinama prozora za prikaz te komunicira s vanjskim programskim sučeljem Hrvatskih autocesta za dohvat podataka o cijenama cestarine. Sadrži jednostavan i lijep, moderan dizajn i intuitivna je za korištenje. Za izračun rute koristi vanjsko programsko sučelje Google Maps API koje brzo i precizno izračunava rute te vraća podatke o njima. This paper describes the process of developing a web application that allows users to enter the origin, stops and destination within the Republic of Croatia, the toll road sections on the given route, the exact model of the car from the database in order to fetch the official average fuel consumption or to manually enter the average fuel consumption, as well as the fuel price after which it provides the total cost of the trip. The application is fully responsive and adapts to different viewport widths and communicates with the API (Application Programming Interface) of the Croatian Motorways for retrieving toll price data. It features a simple and beautiful modern design and is intuitive to use. For route calculation, it utilizes the Google Maps API, which quickly and accurately calculates routes and returns information about them.

El enoturismo se ha erigido en los últimos años como una de las ofertas turísticas más importantes y prósperas en España. Entre sus regiones, la provincia de Alicante, a través de la Ruta del Vino de Alicante, presenta un gran potencial de desarrollo económico y sostenible a través de dicha actividad. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar en qué medida las bodegas adheridas a la Ruta del Vino de Alicante desarrollan sus actividades de enoturismo respetando las condiciones sociales, medioambientales y económicas. A través del método del caso y empleando la triangulación para incrementar la validez del estudio, la investigación pretende alcanzar dicho objetivo. Los resultados de la investigación revelan que el enoturismo representa una fuente de riqueza para las bodegas objeto de estudio, así como una herramienta efectiva para transmitir la historia local, la gastronomía y la cultura local a los turistas que llegan a sus instalaciones. Desde el plano medioambiental, destaca el compromiso de las bodegas analizadas con la adopción de acciones respetuosas con el medio que las rodea. Wine tourism has emerged in recent years as one of the most important and prosperous tourism products on offer in Spain. Among its regions, the province of Alicante and the Alicante Wine Route present great potential for economic and sustainable development. The aim of this research is to analyse the extent to which the wineries belonging to the Alicante Wine Route develop their wine tourism activities responsibly, respecting social, environmental and economic conditions. To do so, the case method has been deployed using triangulation to increase the validity of the study. The results of the research reveal that wine tourism represents a source of wealth for the wineries under study, as well as an effective tool for transmitting local history, gastronomy and local culture to the tourists who come to their facilities. From an environmental point of view, the commitment of the wineries analysed to the adoption of actions that respect the surrounding environment merits highlighting.

Quan es tracta de gestionar magatzems i dissenyar tots els processos, normalment hi ha molts aspectes que es poden millorar de múltiples maneres. Aquest és l'objectiu principal d'aquest projecte. Planificar i organitzar la distribució d'un magatzem amb l'ajuda d'una eina software, ajuntar comandes i obtenir un grup d'aquests adequat juntament amb una ruta de recol·lecció conformen els tres pilars fonamentals de tot aquest projecte. En tractar-se de diversos problemes a resoldre, aquests requereixen diferents solucions per cadascun d'ells. Per planificar i organitzar la distribució d'un magatzem s'ha implementat un model de renderitzat en 3d junt amb algunes funcionalitats. I, per l'altra banda, pels afers d'ajuntar comandes i calcular una ruta adequada, s'ha implementat un algoritme optimitzat per cadascun d'ells. Totes aquestes millores s'han implementat a la infraestructura i flux de treball d'Amphora. When managing warehouses and designing all the processes usually many aspects can be optimized in multiple ways. That is the primary goal of this project. Planning and organizing a warehouse layout with the support of a software tool, cluster orders, and getting a suitable group of them along with an optimized picking route are the three pillars of this whole project. Since there are multiple problems to solve, these require a different solution for each one of them. To plan and organize a warehouse layout while interacting with real-time data, a 3d rendering model has been implemented along with some functionalities. And on the other hand, for the clustering and routing problems, an optimized algorithm has been implemented for each one. All these improvements are implemented in the infrastructure and workflow created by Amphora.

espanolEl asentamiento de la Monarquia hispanica en Filipinas se produciria tras varias exploraciones fallidas por el Pacifico durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI. Solo la consecucion del tornaviaje permitiria el establecimiento de una ruta comercial maritima estable y constante que insertaria a este archipielago dentro del sistema de la Monarquia. Este hecho haria realidad el sueno de Colon, llegar a Asia a traves de una ruta occidental. En este estudio se analiza las investigaciones de los especialistas acerca del establecimiento de los espanoles en oriente, su inicio, su desarrollo y como se asentaron las bases que permitirian la presencia hispana en esta zona durante mas tres siglos. EnglishThe Spanish Monarchy settlement in the Philippines would take place after several fail expeditions along the Pacific during the first half of the sixteenth century. The achievement of the tornaviaje, this is the way back, would allow the establishment of a stable and constant maritime commercial route that will introduce this island in the Spanish Monarchy system. This success would make Colon’s dream come true, arrive to Asia taking a western route. In this study it is analyzed the investigations of specialists about the Spanish settlement in Asia, its beginnings, development and how the bases that would allow the Hispanic presence in this place for more than three centuries were established.

FOOXYnet és una aplicació web, concretament, una xarxa social destinada a ser integrada amb el conjunt de projectes entre l'Hospital Clínic de Barcelona i el CRAAX de la UPC de Vilanova i la Geltrú. Aquests projectes tenen la intenció de facilitar al personal mèdic l'avaluació dels pacients amb problemes respiratoris mitjançant l'execució d'exercicis físics com serien caminades seguint unes rutes personalitzades per als pacients. Amb la intenció de ser un portal social on els pacients poden compartir amb altres pacients i discutir el progrés dels exercicis proposats pel personal mèdic, va néixer FOOXYnet. Amb aquest objectiu en ment, FOOXYnet es fa servir de les rutes creades pel projecte de DCRoutes, entre altres criteris, per recomanar activament possibles contactes i contingut que s'ajusta als seus interessos personals. S’espera que conjuntament amb el interès de la xarxa, el pacient també desenvolupi una motivació addicional per realitzar els exercicis recomanats i poder compatir els resultats amb els altres usuaris de la xarxa. I així, motivar a altres pacients a seguir el seu exemple. Aplicant tècniques avançades d’arquitectura de programari, i amb la utilització de tecnologies de desenvolupament web, s’ha confeccionat una xarxa social amb una gran capacitat de creixement que compleix amb els objectius plantejats. FOOXYnet es una aplicación web, concretamente, una red social destinada a integrarse con el conjunto de proyectos entre el Hospital Clínico de Barcelona y el CRAAX de la UPC de Vilanova y la Geltrú. Estos proyectos tienen la intención de facilitar al personal médico la evaluación de los pacientes con problemas respiratorios mediante la ejecución de ejercicios físicos cómo unas camidatas siguiendo una ruta creada y personalizada para el paciente Con la intención de ser un portal social donde los pacientes pueden compartir con otros pacientes y discutir el progreso de los ejercicios propuestos por personal médico, se creó FOOXYnet. Con este objetivo en mente, FOOXYnet se hace servir de las rutas creadas por el proyecto de DCRoutes, entre otros criterios, para recomendar activamente posibles contactos y contenido que se ajuste a sus intereses personales. Se espera que junto con el interés de la red, el paciente también desarrolle una motivación adicional para realizar los ejercicios recomendados y poder comparar los resultados con los otros usuarios. Y de esta manera, motivar a otros pacientes a seguir su ejemplo. Aplicando técnicas avanzadas de arquitectura de programación, y con la utilización de tecnologías de desarrollo web, se ha confeccionado una red social con una gran capacidad de crecimiento que cumple con los objetivos planteados. FOOXYnet is a web application, specifically, a social network designed to integrate with the set of projects between the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and the CRAAX of the UPC of Vilanova i la Geltrú. These projects are intended to facilitate the medical staff the evaluation of patients with respiratory problems through the execution of physical exercises such as walks following a route created and customized for the patient. With the intention of being a social portal where patients can share with other patients and discuss the progress of the exercises proposed by medical staff, FOOXYnet was created. With this goal in mind, FOOXYnet makes use of the routes created by the DCRoutes project, among other criteria, to actively recommend potential contacts and content that matches their personal interests. It is expected that along with the interest of the network, the patient will also develop additional motivation to perform the recommended exercises and be able to compare the results with other users. And in this way, motivate other patients to follow suit. By applying advanced programming architecture techniques and using web development technologies, a social network has been created with a great capacity for growth that meets the objectives set.

Present paper reports an approach to BaI2:Eu2+ glass ceramic fabrication from a powder route. The structural, morphological, luminescent and paramagnetic properties of the materials synthesized this way have been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis made evidence for the glass ceramics containing BaI2·2H2O and BaI2 inclusions when 50 wt.% of the starting iodide powder had been used in the synthesis process. According to scanning electron microscopy, only two samples demonstrated presence of ceramics particles inside: those with initial mix of 25 and 50 wt.% of the BaI2:Eu2+. Photoluminescence spectra could be measured only in these samples. They were multicomponent as compared to the single band spectrum observed in the BaI2:Eu2+ powder. Altogether this indicates europium distribution over several places with different environments in the materials. BaI2 dissolution in the glass matrix is confirmed further by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. They have shown that the Eu2+ ions predominantly stay in the glass avoiding ceramic grains. Only negligibly small amount presumably occupies the ceramic part in the sample with the initial 50 wt.% part of the BaI2 powder. The Eu2+ → Eu3+ charge transformation under 442 nm laser light irradiation has been observed in the glass ceramics as well. Resumen: Este artículo informa sobre el enfoque de síntesis de BaI2:Eu2+ vitrocerámica a partir de una ruta de polvo. Se han investigado las propiedades estructurales, morfológicas, luminiscentes y paramagnéticas de los materiales sintetizados de esta manera. El análisis de la difracción de rayos X había demostrado las vitrocerámicas que contienen inclusiones de BaI2·2H2O y BaI2 cuando el 50% en peso del polvo de yoduro se había utilizado en el proceso de síntesis. Según la microscopia electrónica de barrido, solo dos muestras demostraron la presencia de partículas de cerámica adentro: aquellas con una cantidad inicial del 25 y 50% en peso del BaI2:Eu2+. Los espectros de fotoluminiscencia solo se pudieron medir en estas muestras. Eran multicomponentes en comparación con el espectro de banda única observado en el polvo BaI2:Eu2+. En conjunto, esto indica la distribución de europio en varios lugares con diferentes ambientes en los materiales. La disolución de BaI2 en la matriz de vidrio se confirma, además, por mediciones de resonancia paramagnética electrónica. Han demostrado que los iones de Eu2+ permanecen predominantemente en el vidrio, evitando los gránulos de cerámica. Solo una cantidad insignificantemente pequeña ocupa presumiblemente la parte cerámica en la muestra con el 50% en peso del polvo inicial de BaI2. La transformación de carga de Eu2+→Eu3+ bajo irradiación de luz láser de 442 nm también se ha observado en la vitrocerámica.

The present work has as main objective the use of a biofuel (Ecopaís) in a direct injection vehicle, it is an option to reduce damage to health and the environment, for this a static thermal simulation will be done in the spark plug, to compare the results of the aforementioned software using On Board tests, in a 1500 cc engine. The measurements of the emission factors of CO, HC and NOx gases will be considered in a route established in the city of Quito from 2399 to 2870 meters above sea level. The interaction of the element is carried out in the ANSYS Academic program which is 14977 nodes and 7523 elements to be studied with automatic meshing, obtaining that the Ecopaís and Ecopaís + Ferox fuels have the highest heat flow with a 5% divergence compared to the Extra fuel + Ferox. There is a significant reduction in pollutant emissions of 3% of CO with the use of Ecopaís in comparison to Extra + Ferox fuel, in the case of HC, Ecopaís and Ecopaís + Ferox fuels with 3% lower emissions compared to Extra fuel + Ferox, and in NOx, fuels that have Extra + Ferox and Ecopaís + Ferox solid additives are 3 and 3.5% lower compared to Ecopaís fuel, respectively. Keywords: biofuel, termal, on board, ferox, emission factors. Resumen El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental la utilización de un biocombustible (Ecopaís) en un vehículo de inyección directa, es una opción para disminuir daños a la salud y al medio ambiente, para ello se hará una simulación térmica estática en la bujía de encendido, para comparar los resultados del mencionado software mediante pruebas On Board, en un motor de 1500 cc. Las mediciones de los factores de emisión de gases de CO, HC y NOx, se contemplará en una ruta establecida en la ciudad de Quito de 2399 hasta 2870 m.s.n.m. La interacción del elemento se realiza en el programa ANSYS Academic que es de 14977 nodos y 7523 elementos a estudiar con el mallado automático, obteniendo que los combustibles Ecopaís y Ecopaís+Ferox tienen el mayor flujo de calor con una divergencia del 5% en comparación del combustible Extra + Ferox. Se evidencia una reducción significativa de emisiones contaminantes del 2.5% del CO con el uso del Ecopaís en comparación del combustible Extra + Ferox, en el caso de HC los combustibles Ecopaís y Ecopaís + Ferox con un 1% menor en emisiones en comparación al combustible Extra + Ferox, y en el NOx los combustibles que tienen aditivo sólido Extra+Ferox y Ecopaís+Ferox son menores en un 6 y 4% con respecto al combustible Ecopaís respectivamente. Palabras clave: biocombustible, térmica, on board, ferox, factores de emisiones.

Deficient accessibility and mobility conditions can create exclusion, which is why, when planning a mass transport system, it is necessary to analyse them at the neighbourhood level in order to guarantee the right to the city and access to public transport. The objective of this article is to show how the deficiencies of urban accessibility in line 2 of the RUTA system, in the case study of the San Ramón colony, Puebla, since the necessary pedestrian infrastructure conditions were not considered, which causes difficulties in pedestrian mobility to access public transport. This situation was confirmed by the disappearance of the urban routes that provided transport services in the colony. The action-research methodology was implemented through successive approaches in the theoretical, physical-spatial and legal spheres. The analysis was carried out through the application of a diagnostic instrument to evaluate urban accessibility, workshops with focus groups to identify the perception of inhabitants and users, interviews with key actors and multilevel matrices of legal instruments, with the aim of making recommendations that include participatory management.

[ES] La idea en la que se enmarca este TFG es encontrar la manera más eficiente de visitar un conjunto de atracciones localizadas en el parque de atracciones de Disneyland París, con la intención de invertir el menor tiempo posible en los desplazamientos entre las atracciones y los tiempos de espera que se deben realizar en cada una de ellas. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es el diseño y desarrollo de un algoritmo que, mediante técnicas propias del campo de la Investigación Operativa, estime cuál es una buena solución al problema tratado sin que el coste computacional sea excesivamente alto. Conocer la ruta que cumpla con las condiciones establecidas puede suponer una ayuda muy útil para la multitud de gente que visita el parque de manera diaria, ya que el tiempo que se ahorra mediante el seguimiento de esta ruta puede utilizarse en el disfrute de un mayor número de atracciones y espectáculos., [EN] The idea behind the following work is to find the most efficient way to visit a set of attractions located in the Disneyland Paris amusement park, with the intention of spending as little time as possible, not only in the journeys between the attractions but also optimizing the waiting times that must be carried out in each one of them. Therefore, the aim of this work is the design and development of an algorithm that, using techniques from the field of Operations Research, estimates a satisfactory solution to the problem without the computational cost being excessively high. Knowing the route that meets the established conditions can be an extremely useful aid for the multitude of people who visit the park daily, as the time saved by following this route can be used to enjoy a greater number of attractions and shows., [CA] Els éssers humans gastem temps en traslladar-nos d'uns llocs a uns altres. Aquest temps depén, entre altres factors, de la ruta triada. Aquest treball pretén mostrar com aplicant tècniques d'investigació operativa es pot optimitzar els temps de transport. Per a mostrar l'aplicabilitat de les tècniques es resoldrà un problema de transport emmarcat en la faceta lúdica i d'oci d'una persona. La finalitat d'aquest Treball Fi de Grau és trobar la manera més eficient de visitar un conjunt d'atraccions localitzades en el parc d'atraccions de Disneyland París, amb la intenció d'invertir el menor temps possible en els desplaçaments entre les atraccions i els temps d'espera que s'han de realitzar en cada una d'elles. Per tant, l'objectiu d'aquest treball és el disseny i desenvolupament d’algorismes heurístics que proporcionen bones solucions amb un cost computacional baix. Conéixer la ruta que complisca amb les condicions establides pot suposar una ajuda molt útil per a la multitud de gent que visita el parc de manera diària, ja que el temps que s'estalvia per mitjà del seguiment d'aquesta ruta pot utilitzar-se en el gaudi d'un nombre més gran d'atraccions i espectacles, el que comporta una major satisfacció per als visitants.

El transporte de bienes y servicios a través de rutas marítimas es una de las actividades con mayor crecimiento desde el comienzo de este tipo de comercio, situación que ha derivado en el crecimiento económico de diversas naciones, y a su vez en el impacto negativo al ambiente por la considerable cantidad de emisiones contaminantes al ecosistema. Esta situación ha llevado a plantear nuevos modelos de desarrollo sobre una base sostenible, por lo que se plantea este trabajo como una herramienta de evaluación en la industria marítima. En concreto, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar cuatro alternativas marítimas dentro de una ruta de tipo puerto a puerto entre los terminales portacontenedores de Shanghái y Nueva York/Nueva Jersey, aplicando un modelo de evaluación multicriterio basado en MIVES para explorar la sostenibilidad bajo requerimientos ambientales, sociales y económicos. Para la definición final de los ocho criterios y los quince indicadores presentados, se tomó como referencia el estado del arte, para después pasar por un proceso de revisión y ponderación por un panel de siete expertos. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan importantes conclusiones que incluyen, por ejemplo, que los trayectos de menor distancia tienen mejor valoración ambiental y económica a pesar de ser aquellas donde se paga un peaje; y en general que el Canal de Panamá es la alternativa con mayor índice global de sostenibilidad. El estudio presenta una relevante contribución a la industria marítima, y abre paso a nuevas líneas de investigación en otro tipo de rutas y embarcaciones, así como también en el afinamiento y cuantificación de indicadores sociales. The transport of goods and services through sea routes is one of the activities with greater expansion since the beginning of this type of trade, a situation that has derived in the economic growth of various nations, but in the negative impact to the environment due to the considerable amount of pollutant emissions to the ecosystem. This situation has led to the proposal of new models of development on a sustainable base, so this work is proposed as an evaluation tool in the maritime industry. Specifically, the objective of this study is to analyze four maritime alternatives within a port-to-port route between container ship terminals of Shanghai and New York/New Jersey, applying a model of multi-criteria assessment based on MIVES to explore sustainability under environmental, social, and economic requirements. For the final definition of the eight criteria and the fifteen indicators presented, the state of the art was taken as a reference, and then go through a review and weighting process by a panel of seven experts. The results obtained suggest important conclusions that include, for example, that shorter distance routes have better environmental and economic evaluation despite being those where a toll is paid, and in general that the Panama Canal is the alternative with the highest global sustainability index. The study presents a relevant contribution to the maritime industry and opens the way to new lines of research on other types of routes and vessels, as well as on refinement and quantification of social indicators.

The diversity of birds in Ecuador is a key factor for the development of avitourism, a modality that involves the displacement, observation, identification and recording of the species that occupy their natural environment. In addition, it contributes to the conservation of habitats, landscapes and the promotion of the local economy through the provision of tourist services. In the study, birds were recorded for two years (February 2019 - December 2020) in the Quijos Huayco sector, in the Cuyuja parish, Quijos canton, Napo province to determine the opportunities to promote birdwathching activities in the area. It is a descriptive research and documentary analysis, which includes an inventory of bird species, their state of conservation and abundance, as well as the identification of services, tourist events and visitor sites. The analysis was based on the review of data available from previous investigations and sighting records, information that covered 28 lists, with a total of 141 species, 1169 individuals, from 15 orders and 36 families. Likewise, service establishments and potential observation sites were identified. Cuyuja, is in a special connection site with Papallacta, Baeza and Cosanga, where important birdwatching sites have been identified, and events such as the Christmas bird count take place. These characteristics are favorable to promote spotting routes in the northern area of ​​Napo province. La diversidad de aves en el Ecuador constituye el factor clave para desarrollar el aviturismo, modalidad que involucra el desplazamiento, observación, identificación y registro de las especies que habitan en su entorno natural. Además, contribuye con la conservación de hábitats, de paisajes y fomento de la economía local a través de la prestación de servicios turísticos. En el estudio se registraron aves durante dos años (febrero 2019 - diciembre 2020) en el sector Quijos Huayco, en la parroquia Cuyuja, cantón Quijos, provincia de Napo, con el fin de determinar las oportunidades para fomentar el aviturismo en la zona. Es una investigación de tipo descriptivo y análisis documental, que contempla un inventario de especies de aves, su estado de conservación y abundancia, así como la identificación de servicios, actividades turísticas y sitios de visita. El análisis se fundamentó en la revisión de información disponible de investigaciones previas y registros de avistamientos, información que cubrió 28 listas, con un total de 141 especies, 1.169 individuos, de 15 órdenes y de 36 familias. Asimismo, se identificaron establecimientos de servicios y lugares potenciales de observación. Cuyuja se encuentra en un sitio especial de conexión con Papallacta, Baeza y Cosanga, donde han sido identificados importantes sitios de observación de aves y se desarrollan eventos, como el conteo navideño de aves. Estas características resultan favorables para promover rutas de avistamiento en la zona norte de la provincia de Napo.

espanolUno de los pilares fundamentales del desarrollo economico de las zonas situadas en lo que conocemos como la Espana despoblada, es la explotacion de sus recursos endogenos desde un punto de vista turistico. La zona oriental de la provincia de Leon ha pasado, y sigue pasando, por un imparable proceso de despoblacion y con ello un devastador declive economico que la ha llevado a una situacion limite. Pero, por otro lado, es un territorio con unas grandes posibilidades de desarrollo debido a sus importantes recursos endogenos: naturales, culturales, patrimoniales, etc. a lo que se une un aceptable nivel de comunicaciones que vertebran el territorio. De todas estas areas de desarrollo nos vamos a centrar en los recursos culturales y patrimoniales y, en concreto, en un importante legado que ha llegado hasta nuestros dias compuestos por una serie de retablos Platerescos del Renacimiento (S.XVI) que se conservan en pequenas localidades de la zona. Ademas de la puesta en valor de los mismos para su posterior visita, se anaden otro tipo de actividades complementarias, cuyos protagonistas son esos recursos endogenos, conformando asi una ruta turistica completa y diversa. Palabras clave: Retablo, Renacimiento, Leon, ruta, endogeno, despoblacion, recursos y patrimonio. EnglishOne of the primary sources of economic development in the less inhabited regions of Spain is the promotion of natural, cultural and historic tourism. The eastern region of Leon [province] has experienced, and continues to experience, rapid population decline, and the accompanying economic recession has been devastating. On the other hand, it is a territory rich in resources: natural, cultural, historic, etc., as well as having a modern network of roads and highways. This itinerary focuses on the cultural and patrimonial heritage of this region, in particular, the important National Heritage collection of Plateresque altarpieces from the early Renaissance period (16th century) that remains to this day in small towns throughout the area. In addition to featuring the value of these works of art, the itinerary includes complementary activities that highlight other local resources, making it a complete and diverse route. Keywords: Altarpiece, Renaissance, Leon, route, endogenous, depopulation, resources and heritage.

espanolLa enfermedad de Behcet es un trastorno inflamatorio cronico recidivante que cursa con brotes y cuya etiologia es incierta. Su prevalencia varia segun el area geografica y la etnia, incrementandose desde el Mediterraneo hacia el Este Asiatico a lo largo de la antigua «ruta de la seda». La manifestacion clinica mas caracteristica son las ulceras orales y genitales, seguidas de otras lesiones cutaneas (eritema nudoso, papulopustuas, etc.) y uveitis. Con menos frecuencia se presenta con artritis, afectacion gastrointestinal, vascular (arterial y venosa) y del sistema nervioso central. Tras los primeros anos desde la presentacion, suele evolucionar de forma favorable, pero la clinica vascular y neurologica, aunque menos comun, puede ser fatal. La afectacion ocular es la principal responsable de dano residual en forma de disminucion de la agudeza visual. Suele comenzar en torno a la tercera decada de la vida y no muestra un predominio claro de sexo, pero suele ser mas grave en el masculino. El tratamiento tiene como objetivo suprimir las exacerbaciones inflamatorias y recurrencias que pueden causar dano organico irreversible. Debe individualizarse segun el fenotipo y la gravedad de la enfermedad. Se fundamenta en la colchicina para la afectacion cutaneomucosa, corticoides, otros inmunosupresores y anticuerpos monoclonales para la clinica mas grave. EnglishBehcet's disease is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder that flares and is of uncertain aetiology. Its prevalence varies by geographic area and ethnicity, increasing from the Mediterranean to East Asia along the ancient «Silk Route». Oral and genital ulcers are the most characteristic clinical manifestations, followed by other skin lesions (erythema nodosum, papulopustular lesions, etc.) and uveitis. Less frequently it presents with arthritis, gastrointestinal, vascular (arterial and venous) and central nervous system involvement. After the first few years from onset, the disease usually progresses favourably, but vascular and neurological symptoms, although less common, can be fatal. Eye involvement is primarily responsible for residual damage in the form of decreased visual acuity. It usually starts around the third decade of life and shows no clear gender predominancy, but is usually more severe in males. The aim of treatment is to suppress inflammatory flare-ups and recurrence that can cause irreversible organ damage. It should be tailored to the phenotype and severity of the disease. It is based on colchicine for involvement of the skin and mucosa, corticosteroids, other immunosuppressants and monoclonal antibodies for more severe disease.

espanolLos farmacos biologicos se producen en celulas y han demostrado su eficacia en el tratamiento de diversos tipos de cancer y de enfermedades cronicas. Los tipos de farmacos biologicos, sus mecanismos de accion, sus aplicaciones medicas y sus limitaciones son revisados desde una perspectiva medica e inmunologica. Se estudian las familias moleculares mas importantes de farmacos biologicos: citocinas, anticuerpos monoclonales y proteinas de fusion o quimericas. Se clasifican los farmacos biologicos por sus mecanismos de accion y sus usos medicos. Se revisan los agentes neutralizantes del TNF-α y de otros mediadores proinflamatorios utilizados en el tratamiento de enfermedades autoinmunes e inflamatorias. Se revisan los anticuerpos monoclonales que se utilizan en la terapia antitumoral, incluyendo los que actuan uniendose a antigenos tumorales, provocando su lisis; los que antagonizan receptores de crecimiento y factores angiogenicos, y aquellos que actuan bloqueando la regulacion negativa de los linfocitos T antitumorales. La naturaleza proteica de muchos farmacos biologicos eleva considerablemente su coste y condiciona su ruta de administracion, su farmacodinamia y la posibilidad de que se produzcan anticuerpos contra los farmacos. EnglishBiologic drugs are produced in cells and have demonstrated their efficacy in the treatment of various types of cancer and chronic diseases. The types of biologic drugs, their mechanisms of action, their medical uses, and their limitations are reviewed from a medical and immunological perspective. The most important molecular families of biologic drugs are studied: cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, and fusion or chimeric proteins. Biologic drugs are classified according to their mechanisms of action and medical uses. Neutralizing agents of TNF-α and other proinflammatory mediators used in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are reviewed. The monoclonal antibodies that are used in anticancer therapy are reviewed, including those that act by binding to tumor antigens, causing their lysis; those which antagonize growth factor and angiogenic factor receptors; and those which act by blocking the downregulation of antitumor T-lymphocytes. The protein composition of many biologic drugs elevates their cost considerably and conditions their route of administration, their pharmacodynamics, and the possibility that antibodies against the drugs are produced.

The carrera de Indias constitutes the maritime-mercantile system that communicates Spain with his American colonies. The whole Europe takes part in this route under the jurisdiction of the Catholic Monarchy. Up to Mexico, Peru or the Carib there arrives many goods that sell for silver and other precious products. There are many economic activities that give form to this maritime route; but the base of everything is the shipping business. The contract that regulates the relations between merchants and masters of the vessels is the freightment. The present work analyzes the different clauses of the freightments of goods and defends that, in spite of Crown’s interventions, the carrera de Indias was an area of economic freedom, been ruled by the private negotiation and the institutional spontaneity of the maritime law. Key words: Economic history, shipping business, freightments, mercantilism, maritime law. JEL Classification: L260, N010, N730, N830. Resumen: La carrera de Indias constituye el sistema marítimo-mercantil que comunica a España con sus colonias americanas. Toda Europa participa en esa ruta bajo jurisdicción de la Monarquía Católica. Hasta México, Perú o el Caribe se llevan mercancías que se venden por plata y otros productos preciosos. Son muchas las actividades económicas que dan forma a esta ruta marítima; pero la base de todo es el negocio naviero. El contrato que regula las relaciones entre comerciantes y señores de naos es el fletamento. El presente trabajo analiza las diferentes cláusulas de los fletamentos de mercancía y defiende que, a pesar de la intervención de la Corona, la carrera de Indias fue un ámbito de libertad económica, regido por la negociación privada y la espontaneidad institucional propia del derecho marítimo. Palabras clave: Historia económica, negocio naviero, fletamentos, mercan-tilismo, derecho marítimo. Clasificación JEL: L260, N010, N730, N830.

Spodoptera littoralis, cotton leafworm is a destructive pest for several economic crops. The more use of chemical pesticide the more increase of this pest resistance, that lead to discovering new natural pesticides from plant extracts and oils. The present search is targeted to suggest alternative components from natural sources that more safety to the ecosystem and had the ability to reduce insect prohibition. The experimental results exhibited highly significance effect on adult moths’ vitality aspects with the pre-pupal treatments by Moringa oleifera and Ruta angustifoliaat all tested concentration especially 4% concentration as shorten female moths' longevity and reduced the oviposition period. Obviously, moringa recorded the shortest oviposition period (3.00 days) while ruta oil recorded (5.33 days) compared to control (10.66 days). Significantly reduced fecundity and hatchability and increased the sterility% compared to control. The tested plant oils caused severe ovarian and testicular histological deformation and significant increase in total lipids and total carbohydrate contents also, marked DNA fragmentation in variable levels in ovaries and testes in each oil treatments at 4% concentration. The promising results of both oils on S. littoralis reproductive system can prove them be used in the integrated management programs of this pest.

Aims: The aim of the study was to experimentally investigate the antihypertensive effect of Ruta Montana. Background: Ruta montana L. is traditionally used in Moroccan herbal medicine to treat hypertension. This study aimed to experimentally evaluate the hypotensive and vasoactive properties of this plant. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Ruta Montana on blood pressure parameters in LNAME-induced hypertensive rats and to determine the vasorelaxant activity of this aqueous extract. Methods: The antihypertensive effect of the aqueous extract obtained from Ruta montana aerial parts (RMAPAE) (200 mg/kg) was evaluated in normal and anesthetized hypertensive rats. Blood pressure parameters (systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) and heart rate were measured using a tail-cuff and a computer-assisted monitoring device. The acute and chronic effect of RMAPAE was recorded for 6 hours for the acute experiment and for 7 days for the sub-chronic test. In the other set, the vasorelaxant effect of RMAPAE on the contractile response was observed in the isolated thoracic aorta. Results: The results indicated that the RMAPAE extract significantly decreased SBP, MBP, DBP and heart rate in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Furthermore, RMAPAE was demonstrated to induce a dose-dependent relaxation in the aorta precontracted with Epinephrine or KCl. More interestingly, this vasorelaxant activity of RMAPAE seems to be probably mediated through the prostaglandins pathway. Conclusion: The present study illustrates the beneficial action of Ruta montana on hypertension and supports its use as an antihypertensive agent.

Ruta chalepensis L., most commonly known as 'fringed rue,' is an excellent and valuable bioactive plant that produces a range of complex flavonoids, of which rutin is the major compound present in this plant of great pharmaceutical and medicinal significance. The present study is a pioneering attempt to examine the changes in the transcriptomic landscape of leaf, stem, and root tissues and correlate this with rutin quantity in each tissue in order to identify the candidate genes responsible for rutin biosynthesis and to increase genomic resources in fringed rue. Comparative transcriptome sequencing of leaves, stems and roots were performed using the NovaSeq 6000 platform. The de novo transcriptome assembly generated 254,685 transcripts representing 154,018 genes with GC content of 42.60 % and N50 of 2280 bp. Searching assembled transcripts against UniRef90 and SwissProt databases annotated 79.7 % of them as protein coding. The leaf tissues had the highest rutin content followed by stems and roots. Several differentially expressed genes and transcripts relating to rutin biosynthesis were identified in leaves comparing with roots or stems comparing with roots. All the genes known to be involved in rutin biosynthesis showed up-regulation in leaves as compared with roots. These results were confirmed by gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Up-regulated genes in leaves as compared with roots enriched GO terms with relation to rutin biosynthesis e.g. action of flavonol synthase, biosynthetic mechanism of malonyl-CoA, and action of monooxygenase. Phylogenetic analysis of the rhamnosyltransferase (RT) gene showed that it was highly homologues with RT sequence from Citrus species and all were located in the same clade. This transcriptomic dataset will serve as an important public resource for future genomics and transcriptomic studies in R. chalepensis and will act as a benchmark for the identification and genetic modification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Primària (Pla de 2018). Codi: MP1840. Curs acadèmic: 2021/2022 Les matemàtiques són, per al desenvolupament de la infància de l'alumnat, un punt de reflexió entre la relació teòrica i la pràctica, i aquesta és una de les causes per la qual la seua importància es tan rellevant. El següent treball pretén generar una reflexió sobre la imperant necessitat que hi ha en l'educació formal de les escoles en l'àmbit de les matemàtiques, reconeixent la falta de motivació per part de l’alumnat cap a aquesta disciplina. S’indague sobre les diverses teories matemàtiques, i es descobreix la importància de la natura que abunda en totes les hipòtesis que, des dels inicis, formen la cultura matemàtica. És per això que, com aquesta disciplina està fundada a partir de la natura que ens envolta, s’ha posat en pràctica una ruta matemàtica en aquest entorn, la qual promogui l'habilitat d'experimentació en l'alumnat i el desenvolupament del raonament logicomatemàtic aplicable a situacions que es poden trobar en la vida quotidiana i en els entorns de natura més propers. L’objectiu final d’aquesta proposta d’innovació és donar a conèixer els beneficis que es poden extraure de recursos descoberts en entorns de naturalesa; també l’aplicació de metodologies de treball que ajuden a la resolució de problemes i l’autonomia i autoaprenentatge de l’alumnat. Després de la posada en pràctica, es veu un treball de cooperació, intervenció, motivació i proximitat a les matemàtiques des d’un punt de vista socialment no reconegut com a educatiu. Mathematics is, for the development of students' childhood, a point of reflection between theoretical and practical relationship, and this is one of the reasons why it is importance is so relevant. The following study seeks to generate a reflection on the prevailing need that exists in the formal education of schools in the field of mathematics, recognizing the students’ lack of motivation towards this discipline. There has been investigated various mathematical theories and also there has been discovered the importance of nature in all the hypotheses that, from the beginning, form the mathematical culture. That is why, as this discipline is based on the nature that surrounds us, a mathematical route has been put into practice in this environment, which promotes the students' ability to experiment and the development of their logical-mathematical reasoning applicable to situations that can be found in everyday life and in the closest nature environments. The goal of this innovation proposal is to make known the benefits that can be extracted from resources found in natural environments, as well as the application of work methodologies that help to solve problems and last but not least, the autonomy and self-learning of the students. After implementation, work of cooperation, intervention, motivation and proximity to mathematics is seen from a socially unrecognized point of view as educational.

PROYECTO VIAL “PROLONGACIÓN DE LA RUTA 80 ENTRE EL CARMEN DE BOLÍVAR Y CHINULITO” La ruta 80 es una transversal que comunica los departamentos de La Guajira, Cesar, Magdalena y Bolívar. Esta inicia en San Juan del Cesar y finaliza en El Carmen de Bolívar. La Ruta 80 comunica la parte norte del país de este a oeste, pero es notorio que hay que hacer recorridos extremadamente extensos desde el noreste a zonas turísticas del este como El Golfo de Morrosquillo y algunas playas del departamento de Sucre. Esto se debe a que no hay una buena accesibilidad en la zona, puesto que la Ruta se ve interrumpida en el departamento de Bolívar y no llega al departamento de Sucre. Para ello se propone la prolongación de la Ruta 80 entre El Carmen de Bolívar y Chinulito, Sucre. Teniendo en cuenta que la vía a diseñar corresponde a una de primer orden, se realizó un estudio de tránsito y se evidenció que el nivel de servicio de la vía será de tipo C, según el método de INVIAS. Por otro lado, con el método HCM se obtienen niveles de servicio A y B para la vía. También se presentará el debido análisis de riesgos e impactos, con el fin de conocer y evaluar como estos pueden afectar a la consecución de los objetivos del proyecto y de esta manera idear una buena gestión de riesgos. En resumen, la vía cuenta con una longitud de 43,8 km, una calzada de dos carriles de 3.65m. El diseño de la estructura de pavimento está compuesto por una capa de rodadura de 11cm, una base y subbase granular de 20cm cada una. La vía presenta dos intersecciones: una en “T” y una glorieta. En cuanto a las señalizaciones de tránsito, se presentan diferentes señales reglamentarias, preventivas y de información a lo largo de la vía, cumpliendo con lo especificado en el Manual de señalización Vial de 2015. En total, el presupuesto de la vía se encuentra en $224.428 mil millones de pesos y su duración de 37 meses de ejecución de la obra. ROAD PROJECT "EXTENSION OF ROUTE 80 BETWEEN EL CARMEN DE BOLÍVAR AND CHINULITO". Route 80 is a transversal road that connects the departments of La Guajira, Cesar, Magdalena and Bolivar. It starts in San Juan del Cesar and ends in El Carmen de Bolivar. Route 80 connects the northern part of the country from east to west, but it is notorious that it is necessary to make extremely long trips from the northeast to tourist areas in the east, such as the Gulf of Morrosquillo and some beaches in the department of Sucre. This is due to the fact that there is no good accessibility in the area, since the route is interrupted in the department of Bolivar and does not reach the department of Sucre. For this reason, it is proposed to extend Route 80 between El Carmen de Bolívar and Chinulito, Sucre. Taking into account that the road to be designed corresponds to a first order road, a traffic study was carried out and it was found that the level of service of the road will be of type C, according to the INVIAS method. On the other hand, with the HCM method, levels of service A and B are obtained for the road. A risk and impact analysis will also be presented, in order to know and evaluate how these can affect the achievement of the project objectives and thus devise a good risk management. In summary, the road has a length of 43.8 km, with a two-lane roadway of 3.65 m. The design of the pavement structure is based on the design of the pavement structure. The pavement structure design is composed of an 11cm wearing course, a base and granular subbase of 20cm each. The road has two intersections: a "T" intersection and a traffic circle. In terms of traffic signs, there are different regulatory, preventive and information signs along the road, in compliance with the 2015 Road Signage Manual. In total, the budget for the road is $224,428 billion pesos and its duration of 37 months of execution of the work.

Plants constitute a valuable source of natural antioxidants such as polyphenols and are responsible for exhibiting many biologically significant functions. Ruta species including Ruta chalepensis L. and Ruta graveolens L. are widespread species in Algeria and are used as medicinal plants to treat various diseases; however, so far, most of the conducted studies focused on analyzing alkaloids and essential oils mostly on R. chalepensis. The aim of the present research is to investigate the phenolic profile of the aerial parts of Ruta graveolens L. from Algeria and assess its in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The total polyphenols and flavonoids were assessed using colorimetric methods, and the individual polyphenols were identified and quantified using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated with DPPH and β-carotene tests, and the anti-inflammatory activity with inhibition of bovine serum albumin denaturation and HRBC membrane stabilization methods. The results showed that Ruta graveolens extract is rich in phenolic compounds with a total phenol and flavonoid contents of 41.63±0.394 mg GAE/gE and 13.97±0.33 mg EQ/gE, respectively. Nine phenolic compounds were determined, including three phenolic acids and six flavonoids. Rutin was the major phenolic compound in Ruta graveolens (464.95 μg/g), followed by syringic acid (179.74 μg/g), and naringenin (109.78 μg/g). R. graveolens phenolic extract also showed good antioxidant activity with values of 0.77 mM TE/g DW and 0.37 mM β-CE/g DW with DPPH and β-carotene tests, respectively. For the anti-inflammatory activity, the highest tested concentration (200 μg/mL) gave 50.61 % of inhibition of the denaturation of albumin and 44.12 % of membrane stabilization. With regards to antimicrobial results, Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive bacteria with an inhibition zone of 14.37 mm and MIC value of 0.625 mg/mL, followed by Listeria monocytogenes (11.75 mm and MIC=1.25 mg/mL), and Escherichia coli (10.25 mm and MIC=1.25 mg/mL).

El presente ensayo académico tiene como objetivo identificar la forma en que la nueva Ruta de la Seda se convierte en un factor geopolítico y estratégico marítimo necesario para el fortalecimiento de la estrategia de seguridad y defensa de China. Se realizó la revisión teórica y de literatura para establecer la nueva ruta de la seda, referenciada como un proyecto de ampliación de intereses de China a través de la construcción de proyectos de infraestructura, conexión terrestre y marítima que obedecen a la expansión de intereses en la región de Asia, Europa, África e inclusive América Latina. Regiones que en mayor o menor medida, presentan problemas en infraestructura en vías, líneas de transporte ferroviarias, puertos marítimos o rutas aéreas, las cuales se convierten en un mercado indispensable para los intereses de expansión industrial China This academic essay wants to identify how the belt and road initiative becomes a geopolitical and maritime strategic factor necessary for strengthening China's security and defense strategy. Theoretical and literature review establish the belt and road initiative, referenced as a project to expand China's interests through the construction of infrastructure projects, land and maritime connection that benefit China's expansion in Asia, Europe, Africa and even Latin America. Regions that, to greater or lesser extent, present infrastructure problems in terms of roads, railways, ports or air routes, which become a potential market for Chinese industrial sectors Especialización

Essential oils produced by Cymbopogon distans and Ruta graveolens with a similar Chinese name could be explained as book fragrance in the Chinese idiom 'shu xiang men di', namely, a wealthy intellectual family according to ancient Chinese. Therefore, volatile oils from these two plants and their main compounds were tested to explore their antifungal, repellent, and insecticide actions. In this study, the essential olis (EO) of C. distans exhibited significant antifungal activity against Rhizopus stolonifera (97 %), Mucor racemosus (97 %), and Trichoderma viride (84 %); its main compounds exhibit interesting activity, such as methyleugenol (87 %) and elemicine (85 %) against T. viride and butyl hydroxytoluene against M. racemosus (90 %) and R. stolonifera (95 %). The EO of R. graveolens and other major chemical constituents showed weak inhibitory effects against other fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum). Then, EO (C. distans and R. graveolens) and its main compounds exhibited obvious repellent activity (more than 85 %) at a concentration of 16 nL/cm

espanolEste trabajo analiza el proceso de transformacion economica que esta experimentando China desde del ano 2014 cuando se desarrollan un conjunto de planes para corregir el rumbo de la economia. Este conjunto de ambiciosas medidas articuladas en amplio horizonte temporal estan orientadas a reinventar su modelo productivo de bajo coste hacia la produccion de bienes y servicios de mayor valor anadido (Plan Made in China 2025). A compensar la brecha existente en el desarrollo regional (Proyecto de la Nueva Ruta de la Seda) y a erradicar la pobreza del pais que desde 1980 ha sacado a casi mil millones de personas de la pobreza. Se presenta un analisis critico comparado de la efectividad de estas mejoras, se realiza un analisis particular sobre el desarrollo del comercio electronico y se plantean unas reflexiones sobre el impacto que la pandemia COVID-19 ha tenido sobre ellas. Se tiende la vista al futuro para concluir que a lo largo del S. XXI Asia en general y china en particular tendran un papel protagonista en el desarrollo economico mundial. EnglishThis paper analyses the process of economic transformation experienced in China since 2014, when a set of plans were developed to correct the course of the economy. This set of ambitious measures articulated over a wide timeframe are aimed at re-inventing its low-cost production model towards the production of high added value goods and services (Plan Made in China 2025). To close the existing gap in the regional development (New Silk Road Project) and to eradicate poverty in a country that since has lifted almost a billion people out of poverty. A critical analysis of the effectiveness of these measures is presented, a particular analysis is carried out on the development of e-commerce and some reflections are made on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Looking at the future, this paper concludes that throughout the XXI century Asia in general and China will have a leading role in the world economic development.

En los últimos años, la Región de Murcia ha fomentado nuevos modelos turísticos relacionados con la cultura y el mar. Sin embargo, pese a la riqueza de su historia y legado marítimos, no lo ha hecho de forma conjunta. El Mar Menor y La Manga solo han visto potenciado el aspecto marítimo en relación con actividades náuticas, quedando su patrimonio relegado a un segundo plano. Este trabajo busca reivindicar la riqueza del patrimonio, historia y cultura marítimos asociados a esta zona y mostrar las oportunidades que ofrece su adecuada puesta en valor a través de un caso práctico: la implementación de una ruta arqueológica subacuática en el pecio fenicio del Bajo de la Campana, como parte del Proyecto Isla Grosa. In recent years, the Region of Murcia has promoted new tourism models related to heritage and the sea. However, despite the richness of its maritime history and heritage, it has not done so in a complementary manner. The Mar Menor-La Manga area has only boosted the maritime aspect in relation to nautical activities, leaving their heritage relegated to a second place. This paper seeks to vindicate the importance of the Maritime Heritage, History, and Culture associated with this area and to show the opportunities offered by its proper enhancement through a case study: the implementation of an underwater heritage trail in the Phoenician wreck of the “Bajo de la Campana” as part of the “Isla Grosa” Project.

El articulo tiene como objetivo analizar la presencia de China en Europa a traves de la Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta (IFR) en un contexto de crisis de la globalizacion neoliberal y del multilateralismo. Las preguntas iniciales son ?de que manera la IFR esta contribuyendo a reconfigurar la globalizacion y el regionalismo en la Union Europea (UE) y cuales son los impactos en la UE de este tipo de acuerdos? El articulo enfoca en el caso de Italia como analisis descriptivo y exploratorio, que si bien no es el unico pais de la UE que firmo un Memorandum de Entendimiento de la IFR, fue el unico del G7 que lo hizo. Finalmente, el articulo destaca como la pandemia del COVID19 torno mas compleja la relacion China-Europa, provocando reacciones diferenciadas entre la UE e ItaliaAlternate abstract:The article aims to analyze the presence of China in Europe through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in a landscape of crisis of neoliberal globalization and multilateralism. The initial questions are in what way the BRI is contributing to reconfigure the globalization and regionalism in the European Union (EU)? and what are the effects on the EU of this type of agreements? The article focuses on Italian case study as a descriptive and exploratory analysis. Italy, although it is not the only EU country that signed the BRI Memorandum of Understanding, it was the only G7 country to signed it. Finally, the article highlights how the COVID19 pandemic made the China-Europe relationship more complex, causing diverse reactions between the EU and Italy

In the present article, Geophysical and Geotechnical techniques were applied to characterize the subsoil at the height of Km 68 + 500 of the main road Troncal Central del Norte (National Route 55). The geophysical techniques implemented were: Vertical Electrical Probe (SEV), Seismic Refraction Tomography (TRS) and Multichannel Surface Wave Analysis (MASW). In the case of Geotechnics, the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and soil laboratory tests such as: Moisture Content, Atterberg limits and Granulometry were used. The objective of this investigation is to determine the physical properties such as electrical resistivity, seismic velocity type P and S, in the same way to obtain the dynamic and geotechnical parameters of the materials in the study area. This in order to classify the type of soil and obtain the acceleration spectrum curves, according to NSR10 (title A). The methodology carried out was the following: a field phase that consisted of the survey of topographic data, geotechnical data and geophysical data covering a line of 161 m in length, where two (2) SPT trials, four ( 4) of SEV, two (2) lines of TRS, two (2) of MASW 1D and MASW 2D. The second phase consisted of the processing of geophysical and geotechnical data in order to generate 2D images and profiles of each property studied. Finally interpret and correlate the geophysical data together with the geotechnical data. As a result, P wave speed ranges between 499m / s and 1714m / s, S wave speed between 210m / s and 466m / s and resistivities between 6.06 Ω-m and 581.05 Ω-m were obtained. After all, it was possible to identify Type D soil profiles, which correspond to rigid materials and sands with presence of clay and saturated silty clay.En el articulo presente se aplicaron tecnicas Geofisicas y Geotecnicas para la caracterizacion del subsuelo a la altura del Km 68+500 de la via principal Troncal Central del Norte (Ruta Nacional 55). Las tecnicas Geofisicas implementadas fueron: el Sondeo Electrico Vertical (SEV), Tomografia de Refraccion Sismica (TRS) y el Analisis Multicanal de Ondas Superficiales (MASW de sus siglas en ingles). Para el caso de la Geotecnia se utilizo el Ensayo de Penetracion Estandar (SPT de sus siglas en ingles) y los ensayos de laboratorio de suelos tales como: Contenido de Humedad, limites de Atterberg y Granulometria. El objetivo de esta investigacion es determinar las propiedades fisicas como la resistividad electrica, velocidad sismica tipo P y S, del mismo modo obtener los parametros dinamicos y geotecnicos de los materiales en el area de estudio. Esto con el fin de clasificar el tipo de suelo y obtener las curvas de espectro de aceleracione, segun la NSR10 (titulo A). La metodologia llevada a cabo fue la siguiente: una fase de campo que consistio en el levantamiento de datos Topograficos, datos geotecnicos y datos geofisicos cubriendo una linea de 161 m de longitud, en donde se realizo dos (2) ensayos de SPT, cuatro (4) de SEV, dos (2) lineas de TRS, dos (2) de MASW 1D y MASW 2D. La segunda fase consistio en el procesamiento de los datos geofisicos y geotecnicos con el fin de generar imagenes 2D y perfiles de cada propiedad estudiada. Finalmente interpretar y correlacionar los datos geofisicos en conjunto con los datos geotecnicos. Como resultado se obtuvieron rangos de velocidad de onda P entre 499m/s y 1714m/s, velocidad de onda S entre 210m/s y 466m/s y resistividades entre 6.06 Ω-m y 581.05 Ω-m. A fin de cuentas, se logro identificar perfiles de suelo Tipo D, los cuales corresponden a materiales rigidos y arenas con presencia de arcilla y arcilla limosa saturada.

espanolIntroduccion: El trabajo busca analizar la distribucion espacial de la inmigracion municipal observada en municipios de Chiapas al 2015, bajo el supuesto que la inmigracion se concentra espacialmente conformando patrones no aleatorios. Metodo: para la identificacion de patrones de inmigracion se utilizo un modelo log- lineal aditivo bayesiano, el cual se especifica a traves de un proceso estocastico espacial indexado por medio de un campo markoviano gausseano. Resultados: Los resultados comprueban la existencia de un patron espacial sobre una ruta migratoria de paso, no obstante, los niveles registrados de pobreza y acceso a servicios de salud no arrojan resultados significativos. Discusion y/o Conclusion: se analiza la hipotesis que sostiene que la inmigracion responde a factores como el acceso a servicios de salud y al porcentaje de poblacion en condiciones de pobreza, de forma que bajos niveles de pobreza y altos niveles de acceso a servicios de salud haran a los municipios mas atractivos a la inmigracion. Los resultados parecen contradecir tal afirmacion. EnglishIntroduction: The work seeks to analyze the spatial distribution of municipal immigration observed in municipalities of Chiapas in 2015, under the assumption that immigration is spatially concentrated forming non-random patterns. Method: the identification of immigration patterns was made with a Bayesian additive log-linear model that is specified through a spatial stochastic process indexed by a Gaussean Markov Random Field. Results: The results prove the existence of a spatial pattern on inmigratory route of passage, however, the recorded levels of poverty and access to health services do not yield significant results. Discussion and/or Conclusion: The hypothesis that immigration responds to factors such as access to health services and the percentage of the population living in poverty is analyzed, so that low levels of poverty and high levels of access to health services will make municipalities more attractive to immigration. The results seem to contradict such a statement.

espanolEn el presente trabajo se explican los factores sociales que condicionan la aparicion de la Bioetica en Cuba, sus avatares, aciertos y desaciertos, con el proposito de esclarecer las etapas por las que transita la materia y coadyuvar a una comprension de su estatuto epistemologico. Se expone que los anos 90 marcan el origen formal o procesos de institucionalizacion de la Bioetica en Cuba. Se fundamenta que la nueva disciplina no fue acogida con regocijo por muchos funcionarios gubernamentales. La crisis de la decada de 1990 momento marco una nueva ruta en las relaciones sociales de produccion en Cuba cuya consecuencia mas sensible fue la reestructuracion de la jerarquia de valores, al fenecer el campo socialista. Se exponen las consecuencias de la subrepticia desaparicion del campo socialista. EnglishThis paper explains the social factors that condition the appearance of bioethics in Cuba, its ups and downs, its successes and failures, with the purpose of clarifying the stages through which the matter passes and contributing to an understanding of its epistemological status. It is stated that the 1990s marked the formal origin or processes of institutionalization of bioethics in Cuba. It is argued that the new discipline was not welcomed by many government officials. The crisis of the 1990s marked a new route in the social relations of production in Cuba whose most sensitive consequence was the restructuring of the hierarchy of values, with the demise of the socialist camp. The consequences of the surreptitious disappearance of the socialist camp are exposed.

espanolEn el presente articulo, se propone una ruta para la generacion de compuestos que inhiban el virus del Ebola mediante un estudio de acoplamiento molecular. El anclaje del virus del Ebola se da en la proteina Niemann Pick C1 (NPC1), la cual se encarga del transporte de colesterol en el sistema endosoma/lisosoma. Se aprovecharon moleculas que han sido reportadas experimentalmente como posibles inhibidores del virus, para evaluar una posible inhibicion competitiva en estos sistemas moleculares. Se tomaron varias moleculas con energias de afinidad por los sitios activos, lo que permitio identificar el potencial farmacocinetico de estas moleculas. Asimismo, se hicieron estudios de adsorcion, distribucion, metabolismo, y excrecion. Se concluye que los resultados expuestos en este trabajo muestran el gran potencial inhibitorio de las moleculas A, B, I, J y K, del anclaje de la glicoproteina del virus del Ebola con la proteina Niemann Pick C1. EnglishThis research article proposes a systematic path for the generation of compounds that inhibit the Ebola virus through a molecular docking study. Ebola virus anchoring occurs in the Niemann Pick C1 (NPC1) protein, which is responsible for transporting cholesterol in the endosome/lysosome system. Molecules that have been experimentally reported as possible virus inhibitors were used to assess a possible competitive inhibition in these molecular systems. Several molecules with affinity energies were taken by the active sites, which allowed to identifying the pharmacokinetic potential of these molecules. Adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of these molecules were also examined. In conclusion, the results obtained show the great inhibitory potential of the A, B, I, J, and K molecules on the anchoring of the Ebola virus glycoprotein with the Niemann Pick C1 protein.

This article discusses the contribution of innovation centres in nearby neighbourhoods based on primary data. This paper involves the study of the case of Ruta N in Medellín to expose the relationship between a consolidated neighbourhood and new innovation facilities. Ruta N was founded after the implementation of a city-level policy for innovation intended to secure the economic growth of a former deprived area of the city. This innovation attracted local and international creative entrepreneurs to Medellín’s downtown but with inconsistent results. The analysis revealed that Ruta N rarely interacts with the nearby neighbourhood, thus restricting its potential to contribute to the community. Instead, it is perceived that Ruta N takes advantage of the neighbourhood to meet the needs of Ruta N users, not the other way around. As a result, community members argue that Ruta N could promote potential conflicts in the area.

Humanity is currently facing the greatest refugee crisis since the Second World War. Children find themselves both directly and indirectly affected by this crisis. They are faced with making sense of complex issues and their diverse repercussions. For example, the distinct difference between a refugee whose life is at risk and a migrant seeking to improve their economic situation by moving to another rich country with prospects, is of particular importance for the objective study of the reasons and dimensions of the refugee crisis. In this context, this article explores the wordless book “La Valigia” by Angelo Ruta, where the construction of the meaning is dependent entirely on carefully sequenced images. The book depicts how a child of the war zone remembers and dreams while facing the chaos of having been chased by bombs and guns. This is the story of a sweet dream; dream that, despite the chaotic environment of reality, was kept alive inside a large suitcase. In this ‘silent’ book, which was a finalist of the Gianni De Conno Award (Silent Book Contest 2018), the vacuum created by the lack of words strengthens the meaning and allows it to exist in another form. At the same time, this style of book is changing the ways we understand and approach literature.

espanolEste texto busca documentar las experiencias de algunos varones en profesiones feminizadas. Se plantean tres ejes de analisis: a) la llegada, expectativas y salida de las profesiones feminizadas, b) ventajas y desventajas dentro de la profesion y c) experiencias de cuidado mas alla de su profesion. Se recurre a entrevistas a profundidad a siete varones. Destaca que los varones llegan a las profesiones por una mezcla de expectativas economicas y de desarrollo personal. Reportan discriminacion de mujeres adultas mayores (entre los enfermeros) y de otros varones en su pro-fesion (entre los profesores). En el ambito domestico llevan a cabo actividades de cuidado de sus hijos y padres. Se concluye con una ruta de temas a profundizar. EnglishThis paper aims to research on the experiences of some men in feminized professions. We deve-loped three levels of analysis: a) the arrival, expectations and exit of the males from these pro-fessions, b) advantages and disadvantages within the profession, and c) their experiences of care beyond their profession. A qualitative method was used through in-depth interviews with seven men. Findings suggest that men come to the professions for a mix of economic expectations and personal development. Males reported being victims of discrimination by older adult women (the nurses) and other males in their profession (the teachers). In the domestic sphere, carry out care activities for their children and parents. We conclude with a route of topics to go in depth.

espanolObjetivo: Determinar los resultados perinatales, el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, uso de ventilacion mecanica, oxigenoterapia y morbilidad asociada de embarazos con corioamnionitis atendidos en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) durante los anos 2016 al 2018. Materiales y Metodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron recien nacidos hijos de madre con corioamnionitis entre 2016 - 2018 en el INMP. Se seleccionaron 361 pacientes. Se utilizo el programa SPSS 24.0 en el analisis de los datos. Resultados: Lo mas frecuente fueron los preterminos en 51,5%, el peso al nacer entre 2500-3999g fue 49,9%; la ruta de nacimiento mas frecuente fue cesarea (85,0%). La estancia hospitalaria fue 41,6% >7 dias, los muy prematuros requirieron oxigenoterapia (58,0%) y los prematuros moderados requieron ventilacion asistida (15,4%). El 70,0% de la muestra curso con morbilidad; sepsis neonatal (56,2%), hiperbilirrubinemia (38,0%), taquipnea transitoria (24,9%), neumonia (19,7%), trastorno de coagulacion (19,1%), anemia (17,7%), enfermedad de membrana hialina (15,5%) e hipoglicemia (15,2%) entre otras. Siendo el ano 2017 donde se evidenciaron la mayoria de las morbilidades. El 7,8% de la poblacion total fallecio. Conclusiones: Corioamnionitis tiene seria repercusion en el recien nacido, se relaciona con morbilidad multiple. Se evidencio el aumento de estancia hospitalaria (>7 dias) y el uso de oxigenoterapia y ventilacion asistida (>7dias) en el grupo de los prematuros). EnglishObjective: To determine the perinatal outcomes of pregnancies with chorioamnionitis seen in the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute (INMP) during the years 2016 to 2018, as well as determine the length of the hospital stay, use of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy and determine morbidity during the years. Material and Methods: Descriptive, transversal and retrospective study. We included newborns of mother with chorioamnionitis at the INMP, born between 2016 - 2018. We selected 361 cases. The information was collected through a data sheet. The SPSS 24.0 program was used in the analysis of the data. Results: The most frequent were the preterms in 51,0%, the birth weight between 2500-3999g was 49,9%; the most frequent delivery route was cesarean (85,0%). The hospitalization was 41,6% longer than 7 days, the very premature babies required oxygen therapy (58.0%) and moderate preterm babies required assisted ventilation (15.4%). The 70,0% of the newborns had morbidity, as neonatal sepsis (56,2%), hyperbilirubinemia (38,0%), transient tachypnea (24,9%), pneumonia (19,7%), coagulation disorder (19,1%), anemia (17.7%), hyaline membrane disease (15,5%) and hypoglycemia (15,2%) among others. The 7,80%. of the total population died. Conclusion: Chorioamnionitis has a serious impact on newborn, is related with multiple morbidity. The increase in hospital stay (> 7 days) and the use of oxygen therapy and assisted ventilation (> 7days) in the group of premature infants were evidenced

A principios de 1930, surgió en Xalapa, Veracruz, un movimiento cultural en torno al grupo Noviembre, con el fin de producir “literatura proletaria”. Protagonizado por Lorenzo Turrent Rozas, José Mancisidor, Julio de la Fuente y Germán List Arzubide, entre otros, el movimiento se desprendió en parte del Estridentismo, vanguardia cultural activa en los años 20, y a la vez constituyó una crítica de éste desde una postura más cercana al realismo social o documentalista. El grupo editaba las revistas Simiente, Noviembre y Ruta, al tiempo que publicaba libros a través de su editorial, Integrales. El presente artículo explora este conjunto de proyectos, haciendo hincapié en sus orígenes, contextos, contenidos y la dinámica local-internacional en su propuesta.

espanolEl objetivo de esta investigacion consiste en explorar de manera critica, la implementacion del Sistema Integrado de Transporte Masivo, en la ciudad de Cartagena como estrategia gubernamental para mejorar la movilidad urbana y como esta accion trastoca los derechos humanos de un sector vulnerable de la ciudad, por ello, la unidad de analisis es examinar de que manera podria impactar la implementacion de la politica publica del Sistema Integrado de Transporte Masivo TRANSCARIBE los derechos economicos, sociales y culturales de los propietarios y conductores de colectivos en la ruta Daniel Lemaitre en la ciudad de Cartagena. EnglishThe main purpose of this research is to critically explore the implementation of the Integrated Mass Transportation System in the city of Cartagena as a government strategy to improve urban mobility and how these actions upset the human rights of a vulnerable sector of the city. Therefore, the unit of analysis is to examine how the implementation of public policy of the Integrated System of Mass Transportation TRANSCARIBE could impact the economic, social and cultural rights of the owners and drivers of buses on the Daniel Lemaitre route in the city of Cartagena.

Objective: Ruta tuberculata forssk. (Rutaceae) is an aromatic plant widely used in traditional Algerian medicine due to its pharmaceutical virtues against various disorders. This study aims to determine the phenolic profile of aqueous (RAE) and methanol (RME) extracts of R. tuberculata aerial parts and to investigate their acute oral toxicity, as well as their possible antiproliferative and hepatoprotective effects. Methods: Polyphenols were identified by quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis. Oral acute toxicity was performed according to OCDE guidelines. The hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and supported by biochemical and histological analysis of liver and kidneys. The antiproliferative activity against human colorectal HT-29 and ovarian OV2008 cancer cell lines was determined using SRB assay. Results: LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that RME has higher phenols and flavonoids content than RAE; however, its major identified flavonoids are Kaempferol, rutin, and naringenin. R. tuberculata seems mildly toxic at several doses, with oral LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. The significant increase in hepatic markers enzymes activities as well as cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycemic levels, caused by PCM-administration, was potentially reduced following the co-treatments with vitamin C and RME, respectively, compared to RAE. Moreover, RME-treatment markedly prevented all histological changes. Compared to RAE, RME (100 μg/mL) exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity against both tested cancer lines (% inhibition ≥ 80%). Conclusion: Both R. tuberculata extracts (200 mg/kg/daily) were non-toxic and exerted a potential hepatoprotective effect against PCM-induced hepatotoxicity. Accordingly, RME may be considered a good candidate for the development of new therapies against colorectal and ovarian cancers.

Echinococcosis is a common and endemic disease that affects both humans and animals. In this study, the in vitro activities of methanolic extracts of Ruta graveolens, Peganum harmala aerial parts, and Citrullus colocynthis seeds against protoscolosis and isolated bacterial strains from hydatid cysts were assessed using disc diffusion methods and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The chemical composition of three methanolic extracts was studied using LC-MS. After 3 h of exposure to 40 mg/mL R. graveolens extract, a tenfold protoscolocidal effect was seen when compared to the convintional medication (ABZ) for the same duration (P 0.05). The bacteria listed below were isolated from hydatid cyst fluid collected from a variety of sick locations, including the lung and liver. Micrococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter amnigenus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Achromobacter xylosoxidans are among the bacteria that have been identified. The most effective extract was R. graveolens, followed by P. harmala and C. colocynthis, according to the results of antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. R. graveolens extract had the lowest MIC values (less than 2 mg/mL) against all microorganisms tested. This shows that the R. graveolens extract has additional properties, such as the ability to be both scolocidal and bactericidal. Because these bacteria are among the most prevalent pathogenic bacteria that increase the risk of secondary infection during hydatid cysts, the results of inhibitory zones and MICs of the R. graveolens methanol extract are considered highly promising.

The iron nanoparticles with different physic-chemical properties induce inconsistent effects on various studied plant species. Thus, the effect of ferric oxide (Fe

UNIÓN TEMPORAL ‘MI RUTA’ es una organización que nace en septiembre del año 2015, por la unificación de las cuatro empresas prestadoras de servicio de transporte, las cuales se integran de una manera operativa y técnica. La unión está dada por las empresas de servicio de transporte Autoboy S.A, Compañía de transportes Hunza, Transportes los Muiscas y la Cooperativa Colonial Cootranscol, cuyo propósito es brindar un servicio de transporte terrestre urbano en la ciudad de Tunja, brindando un servicio para la ciudadanía, que satisfaga sus necesidades y partes interesadas de acuerdo a los requisitos de los sistemas de calidad plasmadas en la norma internacional NTC-ISO 9001:2015. 'MI RUTA' TEMPORARY UNION is an organization that was born in September 2015, by the unification of the four companies providing transportation services, which are integrated in an operational and technical way. The union is given by the transport service companies Autoboy S.A, Compañía de transportes Hunza, Transportes los Muiscas and Cooperativa Colonial Cootranscol, whose purpose is to provide an urban land transport service in the city of Tunja, providing a service for the citizenship, which meets their needs and stakeholders according to the requirements of the quality systems embodied in the international standard NTC-ISO 9001:2015. Especialización

El análisis del VRP con capacidad limitada y ventanas de tiempo gira en torno al tiempo de trayecto en el proceso de optimización de rutas. Para hacerlo se ha definido dos tipos de modelos, uno de tiempo de trayecto constante y otro de tiempo de trayecto variable. El modelo de tiempo constante se ha formulado apoyado en otros modelos VRP y este se ha ampliado para poder incorporar el tiempo de trayecto como variable. Todo el análisis se ha contextualizado con un ejemplo en la isla de Tenerife, un depósito de gasolina ubicado en Santa Cruz de Tenerife, que deberá satisfacer la demanda de combustible a una serie de gasolineras denominadas clientes. El resultado indica que el tiempo constante tal como se ha definido no sustituye un análisis del tiempo variable, sin embargo, el tiempo variable ha mostrado tener un comportamiento que se puede aproximar usando la distancia. The analysis of the VRP with limited capacity and time windows revolves around the travel time in the route optimization process. To do so, two types of models have been defined, a time-constant and a time-varying travel time model. The constant time model has been formulated supported on other VRP models and this has been extended to incorporate travel time as a variable. The whole analysis has been contextualized with an example on the island of Tenerife, a gasoline depot located in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, which must satisfy the demand for fuel to a number of gas stations called customers. The result indicates that the constant time as defined does not substitute an analysis of the variable time, however, the variable time has shown to have a behavior that can be approximated using the distance.

[Resumen] Este proyecto tiene por objetivo el diseño e implementación de una plataforma software para una empresa de mantenimiento de rutas y naturalización del paisaje. Para ello se pretende desarrollar una aplicación móvil que permita a los trabajadores de la empresa registrar las rutas que van a realizar sobre los lugares que precisen un mantenimiento, y reportar incidencias a medida que las recorren en aquellos puntos que necesiten posterior supervisión. Esta aplicación deberá estar preparada para funcionar en entornos sin conexión a Internet. Además, se desarrollará una aplicación web moderna Single Page Application (SPA) con fines administrativos, que permita gestionar las rutas creadas anteriormente, así como los elementos sobre los que se realizará un mantenimiento y las posibles categorías de las incidencias. En cualquiera de las dos aplicaciones se permitirá la generación de un archivo PDF con la información de la ruta recorrida y las incidencias registradas. Ambas aplicaciones compartirán un mismo backend, que consistirá en una API REST implementada en lenguaje Java, utilizando SpringBoot junto con Hibernate y JPA, y MySQL para la persistencia de datos. Para la parte frontend, en aplicación web se hará uso del framework Angular con TypeScript como lenguaje, y para la aplicación móvil se utilizará esto mismo junto con el framework Ionic. [Abstract] This project aims to implement and design a software platform for a route and landscape maintenance company. To achieve this, we will develop a mobile application that will allow the workers of the company to register the routes through the places that they are going to maintain, and report issues at the points that will need later supervision. This application must work in offline environments. Additionally, we will develop a modern Single Page Application (SPA) web application with administrative purposes, that will allow us to manage the routes created previously, as well as the elements that need maintenance and the categories for the issues. In either one of them it will be possible to generate a PDF file with the route information and the reported issues. Both applications will share one backend, which will consist on an API REST implemented in Java language, using the SpringBoot framework along with Hibernate, and MySQL for data persistence. Regarding the frontend, for the web application we will use Angular as a framework, and for the mobile app we will use both Angular and Ionic. The two of them will use TypeScript as programming language. Traballo fin de grao. Enxeñaría Informática. Curso 2021/2022

U članku se uz korištenje informatičkog sustava ORBIS rekonstruira cijena i trajanje putovanja u antičko doba. Fokus rada je na povezanosti antičke luke na Hvaru s ostalim lukama na Jadranu, uz pregled veza s istaknutim lukama na Sredozemlju te kopnene povezanosti s gradovima u unutrašnjosti., This article reconstructs the price and length of journey in ancient times by using the information system Orbis. The focus of the paper is on the connection of ancient harbor Hvar with other Adriatic harbors, with the review of the connection with prominent harbors in the Mediterranean as well as land connection with inland towns. Except for the years (385 - 384 BC) of Greek colonization of the island of Hvar, nothing else is known about that important event. The questions on the number of colonizers, kinds of ships and cargo, etc. will further remain unanswered due to the lack of archaeological evidence. Nevertheless, we are trying to figure out some “technical” answers by ourselves. Even centuries after the Illyrians, Greeks and Romans, the mobility of people and goods is still crucial for Hvar’s prosperity. Traditional maps and documented records summarized into a simple geoinformatics model can, to a certain extent, help us make conclusions about the ancient position of the island of Hvar in the context of economy, traffic limitations and interaction with the rest of the world. It is very difficult to reconstruct the events from ancient times so information systems like ORBIS don’t give us the final evidence nor they can be a replacement for archaeology, but they do help to understand history better.

The aim of this work is to design and apply different models to calculate an efficient route given certain points to visit. To do this, random points will be pointed on a map and the possible factors to consider in the creation of routes will be evaluated. The models designed will be based on different origins, which will be evaluated to know the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The results obtained suggests that a brute force method is the most suitable for small routes, while for medium and large ones visiting the nearest point is the most recommended. El objetivo de este estudio es diseñar y aplicar diferentes modelos para calcular un recorrido eficiente dados ciertos puntos a visitar. Para ello se crearán ciertos puntos aleatorios sobre un mapa y se evaluarán los posibles factores a tener en cuenta para la creación de rutas. Los modelos diseñados tendrán como base diferentes orígenes, los cuáles serán evaluados para conocer las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada uno de ellos. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que un método de fuerza bruta es el más adecuado para pequeños recorridos mientras que para medianos y grandes visitar el punto más próximo es el más recomendado.

Cada día se vuelve más común el uso del dron en España, tanto de manera particular como de uso profesional por una empresa. Sus usos están dentro de muchos de nuestros ámbitos del día a día como vigilar las calles, fumigar o desinfectar cultivos, labores de búsqueda, uso como herramienta fotográfica o dentro de espectáculos. El ámbito de este proyecto se propone su uso como herramienta para ayudar en situaciones de rescate o rastreo de zonas poco accesibles. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido crear una aplicación la cual permita al usuario, dando los datos del dron y de la zona que quiere explorar, crear un fichero compatible con el controlador del dron que contenga una serie de waypoints, colocados dentro del área para que el dron los recorra. Estos waypoints habrán sido calculados de manera que el recorrido realizado por el dron sea el más eficiente posible. La herramienta desarrollada se ha realizado en entorno web ya que de esta manera se puede asegurar que funciona en una gran variedad de dispositivos sin tener en cuenta sus especificaciones. La aplicación se ha diseñado con una interfaz sencilla e intuitiva para que los usuarios puedan adaptarse rápidamente a ella. Para el desarrollo se ha usado Javascript, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap y algunas API de la suite de Google como Maps y Geolocator. The use of drones is becoming more and more common in Spain, both for private and professional use by companies. Its uses are in many of our day-to-day areas such as monitoring the streets, fumigating or disinfecting crops, search work, use as a photographic tool or in performances. The scope of this project proposes its use as a tool to help in situations of rescue or tracking of inaccessible areas. The aim of this work has been to create an application which allows the user, given the data of the drone and the area to be explored, to create a file compatible with the drone controller which contains a series of waypoints, placed within the area for the drone to travel through. These waypoints will have been calculated so that the route taken by the drone is as efficient as possible. The tool has been developed in a web environment as this way it can be ensured that it works on a wide variety of devices regardless of their specifications. The application has been designed with a simple and intuitive interface so that users can quickly adapt to it. Javascript, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap and some APIs from the Google suite such as Maps and Geolocator have been used for the development.

RESUMEN: Una clave para el desarrollo de un destino turístico es la evolución de su oferta, proponer nuevas atracciones para el público adaptando sus recursos y haciéndolos más grandes en el sentido potencial. Para que se consolide, debe hacerse de acuerdo con los tiempos modernos, buscando satisfacer a una mayor exigencia del visitante aunando diferentes tipos de turismo y de la manera más sostenible posible, teniendo en cuenta a la población local, ganando adeptos en el propio lugar. En medio de la naturaleza, en zonas húmedas como las orillas de ríos o de marismas, nos encontramos vestigios de la actividad económica del pasado, como es el caso de los molinos y las ferrerías. Muchas de esas construcciones se vinieron abajo como ruinas despreciadas; sin embargo, con el paso del tiempo, se han acabado por valorar positivamente como una herencia recuperable que se puede transformar en un bien útil para nuestros presente y futuro con vista al pasado. Para comprenderlo correctamente, se comienza con el encuadre teórico y se describe el estado en la actualidad de los molinos de agua como recurso turístico en el ámbito mundial, nacional y regional. Se realiza un análisis fisiográfico y turístico, identificando los recursos. Por último, se realiza un breve diagnóstico y se diseñan varias líneas de actuación, entre las que se destaca el concepto de vender naturaleza como las rutas o ecomuseos de molinos que hemos podido analizar en este estudio. Para llevarlo a cabo, nos hemos apoyado en encuentros personales con expertos y guías de molinos turísticos y en encuestas in situ a visitantes. ABSTRACT: A key for the development of a touristic destination is the evolution of its offer, proposing new attractions to the public adapting its resources and making them bigger in the potential meaning. To consolidate it, it must be done in accordance with the current times, looking for please a larger exigence of the visitant combining different kinds of tourism the more sustainable possible way, taking into account the local people, gaining adherents in the very place. In the middle of nature, in wet areas like the shores of the rivers or the marshes, we find vestiges of the economic activity of the past, like the mills or the ironworks. Many of these constructions collapsed as despised ruins; however, over time, they were viewed positively as a recoverable heritage that can turn into a useful good for our present and future with a view back to the past. To well understand it, it starts with the theoretical framing and the current status of the water mills is described as touristic resource globally, nationally and regionally. An physiographic and touristic analysis is done, identifying the resources. Finally, a short diagnostic is made and several action lines are designed, noting the sell-nature concept like the routes or the mills ecomuseums that we could analyse in this study. To carry it out, we have relied on personal meetings with experts and guides of touristic mills and on on-site visitor surveys. Grado en Turismo

U svjetlu sveopće rasprostranjenosti povijesnog narativa u Svetom pismu, od vitalne je važnosti ispravno tumačenje ovog žanra ako želimo ispravno razumjeti Riječ Božju. Ovaj rad će navesti i objasniti neke smjernice koje pomažu u tumačenju povijesnih narativnih dijelova Biblije. Osim toga, uključit ćemo i primjer tumačenja povijesnog narativnog dijela iz Knjige o Ruti. Ovaj članak pretpostavlja korištenje općih hermeneutičkih načela primjenjivih na svaki dio Svetog pisma (tj. posjedovanje točnog prijevoda, razumijevanje konteksta, primjenu, itd.). Međutim, posebne su smjernice osobito važne kad se pristupa određenim žanrovima Biblije, a ovdje ćemo izložiti, razraditi i nijansirati te smjernice tako što ćemo se posebno usredotočiti na tumačenje povijesnog narativa. U skladu s tim konceptom, o ovim će se smjernicama prvenstveno raspravljati u odnosu na retke koji se nalaze u „povijesnim knjigama“ Staroga zavjeta, kao što je navedeno u kršćanskom kanonu (knjige od Jošue do Estere). Međutim, one se primjenjuju i na druge povijesne narativne dijelove Svetoga pisma., In light of the pervasiveness of historical narrative in Scripture, it is vital that this genre be interpreted properly if God's Word is to be understood correctly. This article will list and explain some guidelines that are helpful to use when interpreting the historical narrative sections of the Bible. Additionally, we include a sample interpretation of a historical narrative section from the book of Ruth. This article assumes use of the general hermeneutical principles applicable to every portion of Scripture (i.e., having an accurate translation, understanding the context, application, etc. However, specific guidelines are particularly important when approaching certain genres of the Bible, and here we will set forth, develop, and nuance these guidelines in such a way that they focus specifically on the interpretation of historical narrative. In line with the design of this volume, these guidelines will primarily be discussed in relationship to verses found in the "Historical Books" section of the OT, as given in the English canon (the books of Joshua through Esther). However, they also apply to the other historical narrative sections of Scripture.