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Supplemental Document for Fiber-integrated cantilever-based nanomechanical biosensors as a novel tool for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing

Sample preparation and Intensity dependence of collagen

Supplemental Document for Fiber-integrated cantilever-based nanomechanical biosensors as a novel tool for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing

Supporting Information

The last two decades have witnessed a dramatic growth of wearable sensor technology, mainly represented by flexible, stretchable, on-skin electronic sensors that provide rich information of the wearer's health conditions and surroundings. A recent breakthrough in the field is the development of wearable chemical sensors based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) that can detect molecular fingerprints universally, sensitively, and noninvasively. However, while their sensing properties are excellent, these sensors are not scalable for widespread use beyond small-scale human health monitoring due to their cumbersome fabrication process and limited multifunctional sensing capabilities. Here we demonstrate a highly scalable, wearable SERS sensor based on an easy-to-fabricate, low-cost, ultrathin, flexible, stretchable, adhesive, and bio-integratable gold nanomesh. It can be fabricated in any shape and worn on virtually any surface for label-free, large-scale, in-situ sensing of diverse analytes from low to high concentrations (10 nM - 1 mM). To show the practical utility of the wearable SERS sensor, we test the sensor for the detection of sweat biomarkers, drugs of abuse, and microplastics. This wearable SERS sensor represents a significant step toward the generalizability and practicality of wearable sensing technology., 18 pages, 4 figures

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.801355.].

Is it possible to modulate the inherent properties of a single light beam, namely amplitude, phase and polarization, simultaneously, by merely its phase? Here, we solve this scientific problem by unifying all these three properties of a single light beam using phase vectorization and phase version of Malus's law. Full-property spatial light modulator is therefore developed based on the unification of these fundament links, which enables pixel-level polarization, amplitude and phase manipulation of light beams in a real-time dynamic way. This work not only implies that the amplitude, phase and polarization of a single light beam are interconnected, but also offers a solid answer on how to modulate these three natures of a single light beam simultaneously, which will deepen our understanding about the behavior of light beam, and facilitating extensive developments in optics and relate fields.

Additional file 1: Methods. Figure S1. Flow cytometry gating scheme of dots and histogram-plots of primary microglia cells. Figure S2. Neurons and microglia transferring into a Boyden chamber of two medium-filled compartments separated by a microporous membrane. Figure S3. Approximate molecular weight of Aβ1-42 oligomers following Western blotting under non-denaturing conditions. Results. Figure S4. NIR light activation phagocytosis of Aβ-treated microglia cells. Figure S5. Mitochondrial membrane potential activation following Aβ and 808 nm light treatment. Figure S6. NIR light effect on general ROS generation, mitochondrial ROS generation and ROS generation in the medium measured for Aβ-treated microglia. Figure S7. Increased neuron viability after 808 nm light exposure in co-culture with Aβ stimulated microglia. Figure S8. Increased neuron viability after 808 nm light exposure in co-culture with Aβ-stimulated microglia.

The supporting material for the manuscript

Supporting Information

Supplementary Materials

Supplement 1

Detailed information about characteristics of fiber-bundle and system

Characterization of the microenvironment features of tumors, such as its microstructures, biomolecular metabolism, and functional dynamics, may provide essential pathologic information about the tumor, tumor margin, and adjacent normal tissue for early and intraoperative diagnosis. However, it can be particularly challenging to obtain faithful and comprehensive pathological information simultaneously from unperturbed tissues due to the complexity of the microenvironment in organisms. Super-multiplex nonlinear optical imaging system emerged and matured as an attractive tool for acquisition and elucidation of the nonlinear properties correlated with tumor microenvironment. Here, we introduced a nonlinear effects-based multidimensional optical imaging platform and methodology to simultaneously and efficiently capture contrasting and complementary nonlinear optical signatures of freshly excised human skin tissues. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of autofluorescence (FAD), collagen fiber, and intracellular components (lipids and proteins) illustrated the differences about morphological changes and biomolecular metabolic processes of the epidermis and dermis in different skin carcinogenic types. Interpretation of multi-parameter stain-free histological findings complements conventional H&E-stained slides for investigating basal cell carcinoma and pigmented nevus, validates the platform’s versatility and efficiency for classifying subtypes of skin carcinoma, and provides the potential to translate endogenous molecule into biomarker for assisting in rapid cancer screening and diagnosis.

Turbulence plays a very important role in determining the transport of energy and particles in tokamaks. This work is devoted to studying the chaotic diffusion in multi-scale turbulence in the context of the nonlinear wave-particle interaction. Turbulent waves with different scales of characteristic wavelengths can interact with the same group of charged particles when their phase velocity is close to the velocities of the charged particles. A multi-wavenumber standard mapping is developed to model the chaotic diffusion in multi-scale turbulence. The diffusion coefficient is obtained by calculating the correlation functions analytically. It is found that the contribution of the largest scale turbulence dominates the deviation from the quasi-linear diffusion coefficient. Increasing the overlap parameters of the smaller scale turbulence by just the increasing the wavenumber cannot make the diffusion coefficient to be the quasi-linear diffusion coefficient for a finite wave amplitude. Especially, in two-scale turbulence, the diffusion coefficient is mostly over the quasi-linear diffusion coefficient in the large wavenumber (of the smaller scale turbulence) limit. As more scales of components are added in the turbulence, the diffusion coefficient approaches the quasi-linear diffusion coefficient. The results can also be applied to other resonance-induced multi-scale turbulence in Hamiltonian systems with 1.5 or 2 degrees of freedom., 8 pages, 3 figures

Light beam with optical vortices can propagate in free space only with integer orbital angular momentum. Here, we invert this scientific consensus theoretically and experimentally by proposing light beams carrying natural non-integer orbital angular momentum. These peculiar light beams are actually special solutions of wave function, which possess optical vortices with the topological charge l+0.5, where l is an integer. Owing to the interaction of phase and polarization singularity, these vortex beams with fractional topological charge can maintain their amplitude and vortex phase even when they propagate to an infinite distance. This work demonstrates another state of optical vortices in free space, which will fundamentally inject new vigor into optics, and other relate scientific fields.

In article number 2002465, Wai‐Yeung Wong, Jun Song, and co‐workers develop poly(platinaynes) as an efficient donor for g‐C(3)N(4) to form a bulk heterojunction photocatalyst for H(2) production. The low‐cost solution‐processed poly(platinaynes) with only a small content of Pt can promote hydrogen evolution by rational skeleton modification. [Image: see text]

supplemental data

NMDA receptor expression during cell transformation process at early stages of liver cancer

supporting data

NMDA receptor expression during cell transformation process at early stages of liver cancer

NMDA receptor expression during cell transformation process at early stages of liver cancer

NMDA receptor expression during cell transformation process at early stages of liver cancer

Additional file 1. Additional information includes part of material and methods, additional figures and table.

Here we study the morphology and the optical properties of assemblies made of small (17 nm) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) directly on silicon wafers coated with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTES). We employed aliphatic 1,6-hexanedithiol (HDT) molecules to cross-link AuNPs during a two-stage precipitation procedure. The first immersion of the wafer in AuNP colloidal solution led mainly to the attachment of single particles with few inclusions of dimers and small aggregates. After the functionalization of precipitated NPs with HDT and after the second immersion in the colloidal solution of AuNP, we detected a sharp rise in the number of aggregates compared to single AuNPs and their dimers. The lateral size of the aggregates was about 100 nm, while some of them were larger than 1&mu, m. We propose that the uncompensated dipole moment of the small aggregates appeared after the first precipitation and acts further as the driving force accelerating their further growth on the surface during the second precipitation. By having such inhomogeneous surface coating, the X-ray reciprocal space maps and modulation polarimetry showed well-distinguished signals from the single AuNPs and their dimers. From these observations, we concluded that the contribution from aggregated AuNPs does not hamper the detection and investigation of plasmonic effects for AuNP dimers. Meantime, using unpolarized and polarized light spectroscopy, the difference in the optical signals between the dimers, being formed because of self-aggregation and the one being cross-linked by means of HDT, was not detected.

We show the temperature-dependent variation of photoluminescence (PL) emission and structural properties of few-layer MoS2 flakes (2 and 10 monolayer-thick) grown on SiO2/Si silicon by chemical vapor deposition. The 2D material is also characterized by electron and atomic force microscopies and µ-Raman spectroscopy. The PL spectra shows the bands that correspond to exciton (A0) and trion (A-). Exciton shows two energy bands A and B related to, respectively, lower and higher energy exciton due to spin orbit coupling. Furthermore, some bands related to defect levels are observed in the spectra below 1.6 eV. We show the behavior of exciton and trion peaks in few layer MoS2 at varied different temperatures. When temperature increases, exciton and trion peaks show a red-shift due to thermal expansion of lattice constant and interlayer electron-phonon coupling. The red-shift of the trion peak position with increasing temperature is due to the non-zero momentum, resulting in an asymmetrical broadening. Withal, intensities of all the bands decrease. This can be attributed to the thermally activated non-radiative recombination through the defect levels. By Ffitting the temperature dependence of the main spectral band intensity (trion and A exciton) with the Mott formula, we have obtained the quenching activation energy of 28 ? 8 meV. The band behavior for trion separated from exciton can be used in valleytronics and spintronics devices based on transition metal dichalcogenides

Synthesis of excellent imaging nanoparticles plays a critical role in disease detection. Here, novel Bi2Ga4O9:Cr (BGOC) nanoparticles were synthesized for persistent luminescence and computed tomography dual-mode imaging. The Cr3+ ions in the BGOC luminescent nanoparticles were coped as the luminescent center, and the afterglow emission was located in the first biological imaging window. Bi3+ ions served as the computed tomography (CT) imaging contrast agent. The NH2 groups were modified on the surface of the nanoparticles to make them highly biocompatible, and folic acid molecules were modified to facilitate the specificity. This modification facilitated simultaneous persistent luminescence and CT imaging in tumor-bearing mice due to the overexpression of the folic acid molecules’ receptors. Furthermore, instead of visible light, x-rays were used as the excitation light source to activate the BGOC-folic acid nanoprobes and realize long time and high sensitivity imaging of tumors in vivo because of their capacity for deep tissue penetration. Therefore, such nanoprobes can provide a promising depth-independent detection mode for high sensitivity diagnosis and long-term monitoring of diseases.

The observations of marine boundary layer NO 2 vertical column density (VCD) over the yellow sea near Qingdao by ship-borne Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) were conducted with a Chinese oceanographic research vessel, XYH 08, during an offshore observation campaign, from 13 September 2015 to 18 September 2015. During the observation campaign, the ship-borne MAX-DOAS system made anchor point measurements in different sea areas including Qingdao coastal waters, the Yellow Sea, the Jiaozhou Bay and the Yangkou Bay area. Measurements results of anchor point measurements are presented in this paper. The air mass factor (AMF) errors caused by the vibration of the ship are also studied in this paper. Under good sea conditions on 14 September, the AMF errors of NO 2 measurements caused by the ship vibration were evaluated to be less than 5%. By combining geometric character of monitoring area and weather condition, it can be concluded from the Jiaozhou Bay and the Yellow Sea measurement results that the meteorological conditions cause significant influence on local boundary layer NO 2 content. The comparison of different anchor point measurements showed that the Jiaozhou Bay sea area had much more NO 2 content than Yangkou sea area because the Jiaozhou Bay sea area is located in Qingdao urban area with surrounding NO 2 contamination.