Search

The paper presents indicators of the number, reproduction and behavior of mallard ducks living in unurbanized and urbanized environments in the Lublin region. The research carried out in urban areas and beyond showed significant changes in the behavior of birds in terms of their timidity due to the presence of humans, as well as the distance of departure of birds and re-landing on the water surface. These distances between the described types of environment were four times higher for unurbanized areas. Significantly higher numbers, and thus also the bird density indicators, were found, as well as the average size of the assemblages in urbanized areas, which, depending on the date of the study, was higher by 2.0-3.2 birds in the community in favor of anthropogenic environments. There were no significant differences in the sex structure and reproductive rates between the study sites, with male predominance in all types of environments. The conducted analyzes indicate a progressive adaptation to urbanized environments by mallard ducks. This is done through behavioral changes, which does not significantly affect the course of natural selection and breeding processes of birds in these environments, as compared to unurbanized or low-urbanized environments typical for this species until recently.

The aim of the study was to demonstrate correlation between selected body condition indices of roe deer Capreolus capreolus (KFI, carcass weight) and the health status of the carcass (i.e. pathological changes found through external and internal examination of the carcass) of deer killed by hunting or road traffic. The study material consisted of 34 carcasses of roe deer found dead due to road collisions or obtained through hunting in accordance with the Principles of Individual and Population Selection of Game Animals in Poland. The results showed a significant correlation between the occurrence of disease signs (especially the presence of parasites) and the mean values of indices describing the individual condition of animals (carcass weight, KFI). This confirms that the preliminary examination of game harvested and animals killed by road collisions plays an important role in inhibiting the spread of epizootic diseases and in assessing the individual condition of animals.

The objective was to verify the research hypothesis concerning a correlation between the surface area of the medullary bone and other fat indices and carcass weight. This study was also focused on identification of potential differences in the mean values of the fat parameters and carcass weight between the forest and field ecotypes of roe deer. The medullary cavity area was measured using the DIRA 200 program. Metacarpal bone III and the phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd fingers were measured as well. The investigations involved 38 females of the European roe deer Capreolus capreolus aged 3-5 years.The investigations revealed a negative statistically significant correlation between the surface area of the medullary cavity in metacarpal bone III and the kidney fat index KFI (rs = -0.483; p

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the duration of the mating season and the time of day on the parameters of the vocalization pheasants (duration of vocalization, frequency of the sound wave, intervals between vocalizations). In the study, pheasant vocalization recorded in the morning (600–800) and in the afternoon (1600–1800) between April and June 2020 was analyzed. In total, the research material consisted of 258 separate vocalizations. After recognition of the individual songs of each bird, frequency-time indicators were collected from the samples to perform statistical analysis of the recorded sounds. The duration of the first syllable [s], the duration of the second syllable [s], the duration of the pause between the syllables [s], the intervals between successive vocalizations [min], and the peak frequency of the syllables I and II [Hz] were specified for each song. The duration of the syllables and the pauses between the syllables and vocalizations were determined through evaluation of spectrograms. The peak amplitude frequencies of the syllables were determined via time-frequency STFT analysis. Statistically significant differences in the distributions of the values of all variables between the analyzed months were demonstrated. The longest duration of total vocalization and the shortest time between vocalizations were recorded in May. Therefore, this month is characterized by the highest frequency and longest duration of vocalization, which is related to the peak of the reproductive period. The time of day was found to exert a significant effect on all variables except the duration of syllable II. The duration of vocalization was significantly shorter in the morning, which indicates that the cooks are more active at this time of day in the study area. The highest peak amplitude frequencies of both syllables were recorded in April, but they decreased in the subsequent months of observation. The time of day was also shown to have an impact on the peak amplitude frequencies, which had the highest values in the morning.

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the duration of the mating season and the time of day on the parameters of the vocalization pheasants (duration of vocalization, frequency of the sound wave, intervals between vocalizations). In the study, pheasant vocalization recorded in the morning (6

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the motor lateralization in dogs and the concentration of cortisol and tyrosine in their plasma during a visit to a veterinary clinic. The research group consisted of 56 dogs. Motor lateralization was tested by of an adhesive tape test. The stress intensity was assessed basing on the levels of cortisol and ft4 in the serum blood. The statistical analysis revealed that in the group of 56 dogs there were 14 left-pawed dogs, 36 right-pawed dogs, and 6 dogs did not show particular paw preference. The average cortisol levels in particular groups were as follows: 7.94 ug/dl, 3.92 ug/dl and 3.7 ug/dl, whereas the level of tyrosine in the subjects that demonstrated left-sided lateralization (mean ± SE) (1.95 ± 0.46 ng/dl) for those with right-side lateralization (1.56 ± 0.23 ng/dl) and ambilateral dogs (1.01 ± 0.22 ng/dl). The statistical calculation of Pearson's χ

We developed an algorithm to classify brown hares into two age classes, juveniles (up to 1 year old) and adults (over 1 year old), based on body weight, which can be determined by both the examination of live animals and postmortem analysis. Considering the strong correlation between lens weight and carcass weight, we assumed that hares could be classified into one of the two age groups based only on carcass weight, using a logistic regression model. Using logistic regression, a model was constructed to assess the age of hares based on their body weight. For comparison with the current age-assessment method based on the dry lens weight, a logistic regression classifying the hares based on the dry lens weight was performed as well. The results of the study facilitated the development of a method to classify hares into age groups based on body weight. The proposed approach is innovative, as it allows for the determination of the age of not only culled (postmortem) but also live hares. The method is easy and does not require laboratory tests; hence, the results can be used immediately following evaluation. This method allows hares to be categorized into two age groups (juveniles and adults). With an accuracy of 97.52% and 95.45% in the case of juvenile and adult hares, respectively, the proposed approach can be widely used both in population management and scientific research.

We developed an algorithm to classify brown hares into two age classes, juveniles (up to 1 year old) and adults (over 1 year old), based on body weight, which can be determined by both the examination of live animals and postmortem analysis. Considering the strong correlation between lens weight and carcass weight, we assumed that hares could be classified into one of the two age groups based only on carcass weight, using a logistic regression model. Using logistic regression, a model was constructed to assess the age of hares based on their body weight. For comparison with the current age-assessment method based on the dry lens weight, a logistic regression classifying the hares based on the dry lens weight was performed as well. The results of the study facilitated the development of a method to classify hares into age groups based on body weight. The proposed approach is innovative, as it allows for the determination of the age of not only culled (postmortem) but also live hares. The method is easy and does not require laboratory tests; hence, the results can be used immediately following evaluation. This method allows hares to be categorized into two age groups (juveniles and adults). With an accuracy of 97.52% and 95.45% in the case of juvenile and adult hares, respectively, the proposed approach can be widely used both in population management and scientific research.

This study presents the hematological and serum biochemical values of physically captured roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). The study material was blood sampled from roe deer captured with the use of a specialist trap mesh and no anesthesia. Blood samples were collected from 122 roe deer from January to April in 2016, 2017, and 2018 in the Lublin region of Poland. The hematological and biochemical variables were determined with results showing statistically significant differences between the mean values of RBC, HCT, and HB according to sex. Reference intervals should be more specific to the broad physical versus chemical capture categories.

The accumulation of cortisol in hair and claws, which grow slowly, makes it possible to retrospectively assess chronic stress levels. The study involved 47 cats from a shelter for homeless animals. Hair from the lumbosacral region and the dead part of claws from the front paw were collected. The average cortisol levels were 0.85 ng/ml in the cats’ hair and 4.56 ng/ml in the claws. There was no significant relationship between cortisol levels in hair and claws. To date, too little research has been done on the correlation between cortisol levels in the hair and claws of cats. It is insufficient to unequivocally prove the existence of such a relationship.

Środowisko życia ma kluczowy wpływ na zachowania rozrodcze bażantów. Okres lęgowy bażanta na terenie Polski trwa od marca do maja–czerwca, a stosowaną strategią rozrodczą jest polygynia tokowiskowa. W pracy oceniono presję drapieżników na lęgi bażantów na terenach rolniczych i miejskich w okresie 5 kolejnych lat (2014–2018). Corocznie w maju w każdym z ocenianych terenów wykładano 15 gniazd, w których umieszczano po 5 jaj kurzych. Wyłożone gniazda były zakładane niestarannie, tak aby jak najbardziej przypominały naturalne stanowiska zakładane przez bażanty. Wyłożone gniazda były czterokrotnie monitorowane. Podczas każdorazowej kontroli notowano liczbę jaj, a w przypadku stwierdzonego deficytu identyfikowano drapieżnika na podstawie pozostawionych śladów. Najwięcej strat w wyłożonych gniazdach na terenach miejskich stwierdzono na terenie parku miejskiego, gdzie wszystkie jaja zostały zniszczone. Na terenach rolniczych najwięcej strat (77%) zarejestrowano w gniazdach zlokalizowanych na miedzach. Najczęstszymi sprawcami zniszczeń na terenach miejskich były krukowate, natomiast na terenach rolniczych lisy. Ogółem w okresie 5 lat badań zniszczenia na terenach miejskich wynosiły ok. 80%, natomiast na obszarach rolniczych straty sięgały blisko 55%.

Populations of game are not confined to single ecosystems but function within higher-order units, e.g. ecological landscape. The basis for the establishment of the hunting complexes was the assumption that the existing game hunting grounds, i.e. the basic units implementing game management, are too small and do not cover the natural areas inhabited by game populations. Roe deer are flexible species and easily adapt to various site conditions, so they inhabit many different habitats, from large forest complexes, through small in-field tree stands and shrubs, to treeless grounds and field monocultures. The aim of the study was to determine a possible impact of environmental conditions prevailing in the hunting complexes of the Regional Directorate of State Forests (RDLP in Lublin) on the ontogenetic quality of roe deer. The study was conducted on 518 European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) aged from 4 to 7 years (379 bucks and 139 does) harvested within hunting seasons 2010/2011–2013/2014. The results have shown that animals originating from areas with greater forest cover and denser stands are characterised by lower values of the mean ontogenetic quality parameters (carcase weight, kidney fat index, chest girth, weight of antlers) in comparison with animals from typical agricultural areas with fragmented forest complexes. These results indicate that, even in the case of such a eurytopic species as the roe deer, the ontogenetic quality differs between individual hunting complexes. The study has proved that strategies for hunting management of the roe deer should take into account the impact of the landscape structure, which provides a rationale behind creation of hunting complexes.