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Abstract: Heterocycles are the largest family of organic compounds due to their wide applications as therapeutic agents, synthetic intermediates, scaffolds, building blocks or fine chemicals. Heterocyclic compounds are continuously used in material science, biotechnology, pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. In the past few years, the use of transition metal complexes especially palladium as a heterogeneous catalyst has become a trend for the synthesis of various organic compounds. Pd-catalyzed reactions have proven to be effective ways for synthesising a variety of heterocyclic compounds, which are a popular class of molecules in chemical study. Hence, in this review we have discussed the palladium catalyzed synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds i,e. furan, indole, quinoline, coumarin and some other heterocycle derivatives.

A harmonização orofacial é uma especialidade da Odontologia que tem como objetivo a reabilitação estética e funcional das estruturas orofaciais. Dentre os procedimentos da harmonização orofacial está a bichectomia que é um procedimento cirúrgico que remove a bola de Bichat, tecido adiposo localizado na bochecha entre o músculo bucinador e masseter, tendo como objetivo diminuir o volume da mesma por estética ou função. O slim face se apresenta num kit, composto por seis produtos: hialuronidase, desoxicolato, l-carnitina, tripeptídeo, trissilinol, SAC (siloxanetriol alginate caffeine) e Lidocaína que quando manipulados de maneira homogênea e injetados na face resulta em reduzir a gordura localizada, regenerando o tecido conjuntivo, diminuindo a flacidez, ativando a quebra de gordura, promovendo a autoestima do paciente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de emagrecimento facial em uma paciente portadora de adiposidade facial que foi submetida ao tratamento de harmonização orofacial utilizando a técnica de bichectomia associada ao slim face. Os resultados obtidos, a remoção da bola de Bichat e a redução da gordura localizada, foram satisfatórios para o profissional e para o paciente. Concluiu-se que a bichectomia associada ao slim face promove o emagrecimento facial.

We report a simple and efficient strategy to enhance the fluorescence of biocompatible biindole diketonates (bdks) in the visible spectrum through difluoroboronation (BF2bdks complexes). Emission spectroscopy testifies an increase in the fluorescence quantum yields from a few percent to as much as >0.7. This massive increment is essentially independent of substitutions at the indole (-H, -Cl, and -OCH3) and corresponds to a significant stabilization of the excited state with respect to non-radiative decay mechanisms: the non-radiative decay rates are reduced by as much as an order of magnitude, from 109 s−1 to 108 s−1, upon difluoroboronation. The stabilization of the excited state is large enough to enable sizeable 1O2 photosensitized production. Different time-dependent (TD) density functional theory (DFT) methods were assessed in their ability to model the electronic properties of the compounds, with TD-B3LYP-D3 providing the most accurate excitation energies. The calculations associate the first active optical transition in both the bdks and BF2bdks electronic spectra to the S0 → S1 transition, corresponding to a shift in the electronic density from the indoles to the oxygens or the O-BF2-O unit, respectively.

Bone fractures cause acute inflammation that, despite being important for initial repair, may delay the healing of the damaged bone. Parenteral injection of dietary protein has been shown to decrease inflammation and accelerate the repair of skin wounds and other inflammatory pathologies. Thus, our aim was to evaluate whether the intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization with zein, an abundant protein in rodent chow, would favor bone healing. Wistar rats received i.p. immunization: saline (SG), adjuvant (AG) and zein associated with adjuvant (ZG). Then, a 2 mm of defect bone was performed on the right tibia, and on days 7, 14, 28 and 45 thereafter, analyses were performed. The results showed that the injection of zein reduced inflammation without impairing bone mineralization. Moreover, biomechanical tests demonstrated higher levels of maximum force (N) in ZG, indicating better mechanical resistance in relation to the others. The computerized tomography also indicated lower levels of medullary content in the ZG than in the SG, suggesting the absence of trabeculae in the medullary region in the ZG. These findings suggest that the injection of zein in previously tolerated animals may improve bone repair, leading to mechanically functional bone formation.

Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. By virtue of its triple bond, the novel ligand 1,2-bis(1H-pyrazol-4- yl)ethyne (H2BPE) was expressly designed and synthesized to devise metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibiting high chemical affinity for mercury. Two MOFs, Zn(BPE) and Zn(BPE)·nDMF [interpenetrated i-Zn and noninterpenetrated ni-Zn·S, respectively; DMF = dimethylformamide], were isolated as microcrystalline powders. While i-Zn is stable in water for at least 15 days, its suspension in HgCl2 aqueous solutions prompts its conversion into HgCl2@ni-Zn. A multitechnique approach allowed us to shed light onto the observed HgCl2-triggered i-Zn-to- HgCl2@ni-Zn transformation at the molecular level. Density functional theory calculations on model systems suggested that HgCl2 interacts via the mercury atom with the carbon−carbon triple bond exclusively in ni-Zn. Powder X-ray diffraction enabled us to quantify the extent of the i-Zn-to-HgCl2@ni-Zn transition in 100−5000 ppm HgCl2 (aq) solutions, while X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry allowed us to demonstrate that HgCl2 is quantitatively sequestered from the aqueous phase. Irradiating at 365 nm, an intense fluorescence is observed at 470 nm for ni-Zn·S, which is partially quenched for i-Zn. This spectral benchmark was exploited to monitor in real time the i-Zn-to-HgCl2@ni-Zn conversion kinetics at different HgCl2 (aq) concentrations. A sizeable fluorescence increase was observed, within a 1 h time lapse, even at a concentration of 5 ppb. Overall, this comprehensive investigation unraveled an intriguing molecular mechanism, featuring the disaggregation of a water-stable MOF in the presence of HgCl2 and the self-assembly of a different crystalline phase around the pollutant, which is sequestered and simultaneously quantified by means of a luminescence change. Such a case study might open the way to new-conception strategies to achieve real-time sensing of mercury-containing pollutants in wastewaters and, eventually, pursue their straightforward and costeffective purification., University of Insubria for partial funding, Programa Juan de la Cierva Formación (FJC2020-045043-I), MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR (Grants PID2020- 113608RB-I00 and TED2021-129886B-C41)

A family of inherently chiral electroactive selectors based on the 2,2’‐biindole atropisomeric scaffold, of easy synthesis and modulable functional properties, is studied in cascade in two enantioselection contexts. They are at first investigated as probes in enantioselective HPLC, studying molecular structure and temperature effects, and achieving very efficient semipreparative enantioseparation. The enantiomers thus obtained, of remarkable chiroptical features (optical rotation as well as circular dichroism), are successfully applied as selectors in chiral voltammetry in different media for discrimination of the enantiomers of chiral electroactive probes, either by conversion into enantiopure electroactive electrode surfaces by electrooligomerization on glassy carbon substrate (the two monomers with shorter alkyl chains), or as chiral additive in achiral ionic liquid (the monomer with longest alkyl chains). Discrimination is conveniently and reproducibly achieved in terms of significant potential differences for the two enantiomers, specularly inverting either probe or selector configuration. In one case successful discrimination is also observed with the two probe enantiomers concurrently present, either as racemate or with enantiomeric excesses, neatly accounted for by the peak current ratios., A series of inherently chiral electroactive selectors based on the 2,2’‐biindole atropisomeric scaffold is studied in two enantiodiscrimination contests: as probes in enantioselective HPLC and as selectors in chiral voltammetry for successful discrimination of the enantiomers of chiral electroactive probes, either by conversion into enantiopure electroactive electrode surfaces or as chiral additive in achiral ionic liquid.

A series of 2,2’-biindole-based inherently chiral electroactive monomers are comparatively investigated with their 3,3’ analogues as an excellent study case of two equivalent redox centres interacting through a torsional barrier. The twin peak potential splitting observed in voltammetry for the first oxidation of the biheteroaromatic core accounts for the energy barrier height: the lower the barrier, the larger the peak potential splitting, with modulation by solvent and temperature. The height of the energy barrier is determining for the electrochemical and spectroscopic features of the monomers as well as for their configurational stability and applicability for enantioselection purposes. The 3,3’ monomers, featuring large twin peak splittings in CV, are “trópos” systems with a low torsional barrier, so they cannot exist as stable enantiomers at room temperature. Instead their 2,2’ isomers, with much smaller twin peak splittings, are “átropos” systems and can be separated by enantioselective HPLC into stable enantiomers, providing powerful “inherently chiral” selectors with outstanding enantioselection properties in chiral electroanalysis and electrochemistry as well as in chiroptical spectroscopy, with fascinating reciprocal correlations.

We propose a new species of the troglobitic genus Spelaeogammarus da Silva Brum, 1975, with data on its distribution, ecology, aspects of behavior, and conservation status. Spelaeogammarus ginae sp. nov. occurs in a single cave in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, of the northeastern Brazilian semi-arid region. We also provide new data on the distribution and conservation status of its congener, Spelaeogammarus spinilacertus Koenemann and Holsinger, 2000 that occurs in the upper phreatic aquifer inside caves from Chapada Diamantina domain. Both species occur in caves in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Analisar o impacto da redução da jornada de trabalho na produtividade clínica e na qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT) dos colaboradores de uma organização pública prestadora de serviços de saúde.MÉTODOS: O índice de produtividade, a arrecadação geral e por cirurgião-dentista, o número de consultas por cirurgião-dentista, o número de pacientes novos, o prazo para marcação de consultas e o número de cirurgião-dentista no atendimento foram coletados e comparados entre os sete primeiros meses de 2017 – período sem day-off – e os mesmos meses de 2018 – período com day-off. Dados acerca da QVT foram coletados das pesquisas de clima organizacional aplicadas antes e durante a vigência do day-off. O teste t de amostras pareadas foi usado para se obter as diferenças estatísticas entre as variáveis. Os dois períodos do estudo foram pareados mês a mês. As respostas da pesquisa de clima organizacional e as relacionadas às atividades desempenhadas no day-off foram analisadas por frequência.RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que, nos meses em que a jornada de trabalho foi reduzida, houve aumento significativo nas variáveis de produtividade analisadas. Além disso, notou-se o aumento da frequência de respostas positivas na pesquisa de clima organizacional. A maioria dos profissionais relatou usar o day-off para aprimoramento técnico-profissional.CONCLUSÕES: A redução da jornada de trabalho, com a implementação de um day-off, repercutiu positivamente na QVT e na produtividade dos trabalhadores.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of reduced work hours on the clinical productivity and quality of work life (QWL) of the employees of a public healthcare organization.METHODS: The productivity index, general revenue and per dentist, the number of appointments per dentist, the number of new patients, the time for scheduling appointments, and the number of dentists attending were collected and compared between the first seven months of 2017 – the period without day-off - and the same months of 2018 – the period with day-off. Data about QLVT were collected from the organizational climate surveys applied before and during the day-off period. The paired samples t-test was used to obtain the statistical differences between the variables. The two study periods were paired month by month. The responses from the organizational climate survey and those related to the activities performed during the day-off were analyzed by frequency.RESULTS: The results showed that, during the months in which the journey of work was reduced, there was a significant increase in the productivity variables. In addition, there was an increase in the frequency of positive responses on the OCS. Most professionals reported using the day-off for technical and professional improvement.CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in working hours, with the implementation of a day-off, had a positive impact on the quality of life at work and on the productivity of workers. OBJETIVO: Analisar o impacto da redução da jornada de trabalho na produtividade clínica e na qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT) dos colaboradores de uma organização pública prestadora de serviços de saúde.MÉTODOS: O índice de produtividade, a arrecadação geral e por cirurgião-dentista, o número de consultas por cirurgião-dentista, o número de pacientes novos, o prazo para marcação de consultas e o número de cirurgião-dentista no atendimento foram coletados e comparados entre os sete primeiros meses de 2017 – período sem day-off – e os mesmos meses de 2018 – período com day-off. Dados acerca da QVT foram coletados das pesquisas de clima organizacional aplicadas antes e durante a vigência do day-off. O teste t de amostras pareadas foi usado para se obter as diferenças estatísticas entre as variáveis. Os dois períodos do estudo foram pareados mês a mês. As respostas da pesquisa de clima organizacional e as relacionadas às atividades desempenhadas no day-off foram analisadas por frequência.RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que, nos meses em que a jornada de trabalho foi reduzida, houve aumento significativo nas variáveis de produtividade analisadas. Além disso, notou-se o aumento da frequência de respostas positivas na pesquisa de clima organizacional. A maioria dos profissionais relatou usar o day-off para aprimoramento técnico-profissional.CONCLUSÕES: A redução da jornada de trabalho, com a implementação de um day-off, repercutiu positivamente na QVT e na produtividade dos trabalhadores.

Objectives Understanding the possible risk factors of noncarious cervical lesion (NCCL) is important for prevention and clinical management of the condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with the prevalence of NCCL among adolescents, adults, and elderly people. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study involving 501 participants aged 15 years or older was conducted. Participants were examined to assess the number of natural teeth and the prevalence and severity of NCCL by calibrated examiners. Data on age, gender, harmful toothbrushing habits, and acidogenic diet were collected through individual interviews. Multivariate Poisson’s regression models were used to evaluate the association between the independent variables and the prevalence of NCCL according to the three age groups: 15 to 39, 40 to 64, and 65 years or older. Results The prevalence of NCCL among participants was 62.5% (95% confidence interval: 58.2–66.7). Among 15- to 39-year-old participants, the mean of NCCL was higher in males, those with lower number of teeth and acidogenic diet intake. Males aged 40 to 64 years and those with harmful brushing habits were more likely to present higher mean of NCCL. Elderly people with harmful toothbrushing habits had a greater mean of NCCL. Conclusion Demographic (age and gender), clinical (number of teeth), and behavioral characteristics (harmful brushing habits and acidogenic diet) were meaningful factors associated with NCCL severity. The above-mentioned relationships varied between age groups.

Introduction: The association between periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized over the years. Gingival overgrowth may be a side effect of some of the drugs prescribed for patients with CKD. Objective: The objective of this manuscript was to report the dental management of a patient with chronic renal disease who presented periodontitis and gingival overgrowth. Case report: A 55 years old male patient sought dental treatment, and was diagnosed with generalized periodontitis in advanced stage and gingival overgrowth. The overgrowth was associated to the use of amlodipine, a longacting calcium channel blocker. The treatment consisted of interruption of amlodipine, sessions of oral hygiene instruction and basic periodontal therapy. Thereafter, conventional periodontal therapy, with scaling and root planning of the four hemiarches, surgical periodontal therapy and gingivectomy of the overgrowth were performed. Considering periodontal sites with a probing depth (PD) > 4mm at baseline, mean PD was reduced (baseline: 5.94 ± 1.80; follow-up: 2.76 ± 1.38), as well as mean clinical attachment loss (baseline: 5.55 ± 1.51; followup: 4.52 ± 1.47). Periodontal disease was controlled and there was no recurrence of gingival overgrowth after 18 months of follow-up. Conclusion: The management of the reported patient with CKD and periodontal involvement included discontinuation of amlodipine, basic and advanced periodontal therapy and gingivectomy. Proper oral hygiene may help to prevent recurrence of the gingival overgrowth and to maintain periodontal health. Introdução: A associação entre doença periodontal e doença renal crônica (DRC) tem sido reconhecida nos últimos anos. O crescimento gengival excessivo pode ser um efeito colateral de alguns medicamentos prescritos para pacientes com DRC. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o manejo odontológico de um paciente com DRC que apresentava periodontite e aumento gengival. Relato do caso: Um paciente do sexo masculino, 55 anos, procurou atendimento odontológico e foi diagnosticado com periodontite generalizada em estágio avançado e crescimento gengival associado ao uso de anlodipina, um bloqueador dos canais de cálcio de ação prolongada. O tratamento consistiu em interrupção da anlodipina, sessões de instruções de higiene bucal e terapia periodontal básica. Posteriormente, foi realizada terapia periodontal convencional, com raspagem e alisamento radicular dos quatro hemiarcos, seguida de cirurgia periodontal a retalho e gengivectomia. Considerando os sítios periodontais com profundidade de bolsa à sondagem (PBS) > 4mm no início do tratamento, a média de PBS foi reduzida (início: 5,94 ± 1,80; final: 2,76 ± 1,38), bem como a média do nível clínico de inserção (início: 5,55 ± 1,51; final: 4,52 ± 1,47).A doença periodontal foi controlada e não houve recorrência do crescimento gengival após 18 meses de acompanhamento. Conclusão: O tratamento odontológico deste paciente com DRC e envolvimento periodontal incluiu a interrupção da anlodipina, terapia periodontal básica e avançada e gengivectomia. A higiene bucal adequada pode ajudar a prevenir a recorrência do crescimento gengival excessivo e a manutenção de um estado periodontal saudável.

We describe two new species of HyalellaSmith, 1874 from São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil, presenting morphological details and shedding some light on the reproductive and populational aspects of the new species. Hyalella balan. sp. not only has a smaller mean body length in relation to H. virgineaen. sp., but their antennas 1 and 2 are also shorter than those of H. virgineaen. sp. There is a positive but weak correlation between head size of paired males and females, and unpaired females are usually smaller than paired or ovigerous ones, for both species. The sex ratio for H. balan. sp. favors females, while there are 28% more males than available females in H. virgineaen. sp.. Hyalella virgineaen. sp. ovigerous females carry more and larger eggs than H. balan. sp., probably in response to differences in habitat use. We increase to 37 the number of species of Hyalella in Brazil, and to eight in São Paulo state.

Background: Stressful events may affect self-perceived general and oral health. While the working environment is known to expose military personnel to chronic stress, oral health reports in these populations is limited. Methods: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the association of oral health related quality of life (OHRQL) and stress in the military population aboard a training ship for 6 months. The participants included were 259 crew and 227 cadets. Two anonymous questionnaires, the perceived stress scale (PSS-14) and the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14), were applied at baseline and follow-up (six-month later). Socio-demographic characteristics were also obtained. Results: Multivariate Poisson regression analysis showed that PSS-14 predicted higher OHIP-14 scores at baseline and follow-up. At follow-up, besides PSS-14 (RR: 2.03; 1.42-2.90), being part of the crew group represented an increase of 87% on the OHIP-14 scores (RR:1.87; 1.27-2.74). Older individuals were 24% less likely to present higher OHIP-14 scores (RR:0.76; 0.58-0.99) than younger ones. Conclusion: Oral health related quality of life has worsened over time in this military population, and stress was an associated factor of that. Trial registration: 10751419.8.0000.5256/2019.

Three new fluorinated bis(pyrazoles), namely: 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4-ylethynyl)-2-fluorobenzene (H2BPEFB), 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4-ylethynyl)-2,3-difluorobenzene (H2BPEF2B) and 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4-ylethynyl)-tetrafluorobenzene (H2BPEF4B), have been synthesized taking advantage of Sonogashira coupling reactions, and characterized as per their crystal and molecular structure, spectroscopic and dielectric properties, and hydrophobicity. In the crystal structures, the three molecules, whose deviation from planarity increases on increasing the fluorination degree, interact by means of hydrogen bonds, forming 2D supramolecular layers. Notably, the absorption and fluorescence emission properties are only slightly affected by the fluorination degree in both the solid state and solution. Furthermore, the spectral line-shapes are weakly dependent on the environment when dissolved in a number of solvents of different polarity and hydrogen-bonding affinity. On the other hand, the dielectric constant monotonically increases on increasing the number of fluorine atoms. In silico molecular modeling with time-dependent density functional theory has offered a valuable means to rationalize the above mentioned behaviors and has shed some light on the ligand affinity towards representative gases – H2O and CO2 – and organic solvents – toluene.

The first binuclear Gd‐complex of the 12‐membered pyridine‐based polyaminocarboxylate macrocyclic ligand PCTA was synthesized by C−C connection of the pyridine units through two different synthetic procedures. A dimeric AAZTA‐ligand was also synthesized with the aim to compare the relaxometric results or the two ditopic Gd‐complexes. Thus, the 1H relaxometric study on [Gd2PCTA2(H2O)4] and on [Gd2AAZTA2(H2O)4]2− highlighted the remarkable rigidity and compactness of the two binuclear complexes, which results in molar relaxivities (per Gd), at 1.5 T and 298 K of ca. 12–12.6 mM−1 s−1 with an increase of ca. 80 % at 1.5 T and 298 K (+70 % at 310 K) with respect to the corresponding mononuclear complexes., Two novel binuclear PCTA2 and AAZTA2 ligands were synthesized with a multistep process. Their GdIII‐complexes results in molecular relaxivities at 1.5 T and 298 K of ca. 24–25 mM−1 s−1 thanks to the rigidity and compactness of the ligands. These values are remarkably higher that those found for the corresponding mononuclear complexes.

In order to provide a profile of the elderly people assisted by the Naval Dental Center (Odontoclinica Central da Marinha), it was performed an epidemiological survey seeking to outline the oral conditions and reported changes in eating habits in this population. A cross-sectional study aimed to describe the prevalence of edentulism and functional dentition in a population of 675 elderly aged more than 60. The impact of functional dentition (FD) on quality of life of these people was assessed, and the association of FD with changes in eating habits was evaluated. The following variables were collected: number of full and partials removable dentures user, number of implants and natural teeth. The participants were inquired about changes on eating habits due to oral status. Data analysis has shown that the average number of natural teeth was 15.7 ± 7.9, 24.1 had severe dental loss, 64.0% did not present functional dentition and 23.5% reported changes in eating and chewing in the last 6 months. It was concluded that a large number of the elderly people evaluated presents several missing teeth which may negatively have impacted on their oral related quality of life.

Curcumin has been demonstrated to exhibit photosensitized bactericidal activity. However, the full exploitation of curcumin as a photo-pharmaceutical active principle is hindered by fast deactivation of the excited state through the transfer of the enol proton to the keto oxygen. Introducing an asymmetry in the molecular structure through acting on the phenyl substituents is expected to be a valuable strategy to impair this undesired de-excitation mechanism competing with the therapeutically relevant ones. In this study, two asymmetric curcumin analogs were synthesized and characterized as to their electronic-state transition spectroscopic properties. Fluorescence decay distributions were also reconstructed. Their analysis confirmed the substantial stabilization of the fluorescent state with respect to the parent compound. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were performed with the aim of determining the structural features of the keto–enol ring and the strength of the keto–enol hydrogen bond. Electronic structure calculations were also undertaken to elucidate the effects of substitution on the features of the keto–enol semi-aromatic system and the proneness to proton transfer. Finally, their singlet oxygen-generation efficiency was compared to that of curcumin through the 9,10-dimethylanthracene fluorescent assay.

L’article pose un regard croise sur la recente production artistico-culturelle de deux populations autochtones : les Kuikuro du Haut-Xingu (Bresil) et les Luvale du Haut-Zambeze (Angola). L’analyse porte principalement sur la maniere dont un rituel dit traditionnel se trouve reapproprie de facon inedite au moyen de nouvelles technologies et d’expressions artistico-culturelles contemporaines. Dans le cas des Kuikuro, il s’agit de reflechir sur un ensemble de films qui abordent le rituel a travers un langage cinematographique articulant fiction et documentaire selon une nouvelle technique de la memoire. Dans le cas des Luvale, en revanche, il s’agit d’analyser un spectacle renfermant une collection de « morceaux culturels » qui condensent et evoquent des sequences entieres des principaux rituels luvale. On interrogera le role que jouent le festival luvale et le cinema kuikuro dans la transmission et la preservation des savoirs rituels autochtones, c’est-a-dire, pour reprendre les termes locaux, la maniere dont ces deux manifestations constituent, respectivement, un dispositif de « rappel » et un dispositif de « conservation » de la « culture ».

The Armenian architectural heritage in Turkey has been left into disrepair and neglect for a long time. It represents a difficult and contested heritage especially for its relation to the Genocide, becoming the physical trace left of the absent Armenian community in Anatolia. For many years it was considered as the heritage of ‘the other’ and not particularly interesting for detailed studies and research. The activities by several institutions in Turkey, aimed to rediscover a forgotten and unknown heritage, led to increasing interest and the awareness of the critical condition of this heritage. This change led to numerous initiatives of preserving, at least virtually, what remains today of the Armenian architecture and to the increment of research activities in different academic institutions in Turkey.

We introduced a regioselective and atom-economical procedure for the synthesis of 3-substituted indoles by annulation of nitrosoarenes with ethynyl ketones. The reactions were carried out achieving indoles without any catalyst and with excellent regioselectivity. No traces of 2-aroylindole products were detected. Working with 4-nitronitrosobenzene as starting material, the 3-aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindole products precipitated from the reaction mixtures and were isolated by filtration without any further purification technique. Differently from the corresponding N-hydroxy-3-aryl indoles that, spontaneously in solution, give dehydrodimerization products, the N-hydroxy-3-aroyl indoles are stable and no dimerization compounds were observed.

The amphipod HyalellaSmith, 1874 is exclusive to the Americas, and the South region of Brazil presents the greatest diversity of the genus. This paper presents two species of Hyalella from Santa Catarina state, Brazil. A new species from the municipality of Palmeira is characterized by oval eyes, absence of flanges, epimeral plates not accuminated, presence of three lateral pappose setae on article 4 in antenna 2, absence of plumose setae in the maxilliped, presence of comb-scales and absence of serrate setae in the gnathopods, presence of curved seta on the inner ramus of the uropod 1 and absence of lateral setae on the telson. A new species from Rio das Antas municipality main characteristics are absence of flanges, epimeral plates accuminated, absence of plumose setae and distal nail in the maxilliped, presence of comb-scales and absence of serrate setae in gnathopods, presence of curved seta on the inner ramus of the uropod 1 and absence of lateral setae on the telson. Here we expand the distribution and increase the morphological and taxonomic knowledge of the genus.

The Armenian architectural heritage in Turkey has been left into disrepair and neglect for a long time. It represents a difficult and contested heritage especially for its relation to the Genocide, becoming the physical trace left of the absent Armenian community in Anatolia. For many years it was considered as the heritage of ‘the other’ and not particularly interesting for detailed studies and research. The activities by several institutions in Turkey, aimed to rediscover a forgotten and unknown heritage, led to increasing interest and the awareness of the critical condition of this heritage. This change led to numerous initiatives of preserving, at least virtually, what remains today of the Armenian architecture and to the increment of research activities in different academic institutions in Turkey., Eurasiatica

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a influencia da sinvastatina nas propriedades mecânicas de ossos e musculos de ratos hipercolesterolemicos submetidos a exercicio fisico. Metodos Foram usados dez ratos machos da raca Wistar, submetidos a dieta hiperlipidica rica em colesterol por 90 dias. Os animais foram entao distribuidos em dois grupos: submetidos a tratamento com exercicio fisico (GE) e submetidos a tratamento com exercicio fisico e sinvastatina (GE+S). Foi aplicado um protocolo de exercicio fisico na agua e administracao de sinvastatina por oito semanas. Apos esse periodo, os animais foram eutanasiados e dissecados a tibia esquerda e o musculo gastrocnemio direito de cada animal para analise mecânica e a tibia direita para densitometria. Para analise dos dados foi aplicado o teste t de Student, considerou‐se nivel de significância de 5%. Resultados A comparacao da forca maxima e rigidez nao revelou diferenca significativa entre os grupos tanto para a tibia (p = 0,851 e p = 0,259) quanto para o musculo gastrocnemio (p = 0,911 e p = 0,083). A DMO das tibias tambem nao apresentou diferenca significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,803). Conclusao A sinvastatina nao teve efeitos deleterios nas propriedades mecânicas da tibia e do musculo gastrocnemio de ratos hipercolesterolemicos submetidos a exercicio fisico aerobio.

O objetivo deste estudo foi tracar o perfil do usuario do Sistema de Saude da Marinha atendido na Odontoclinica Central da Marinha, alem de investigar a possivel associacao do numero de dentes com fatores de risco sistemicos. Foram analisados 1.123 questionarios e 750 exames clinicos realizados pelo Servico de Odontologia Preventiva durante consulta odontologica. Avaliaram-se dados subdividindo a populacao em tres faixas etarias: 20 a 39 anos, 40 a 59, e 60 anos ou mais. Uma analise estratificada visou esclarecer se a media do numero de dentes de pacientes com idade superior a 50 anos, fumantes, diabeticos, com osteoporose e/ou hipercolesterolemia, era menor que a media encontrada em pacientes sem os referidos riscos. A associacao do numero de fatores de risco sistemicos com o numero de dentes foi investigada usando o teste de correlacao de Spearman. Os resultados mostraram que a prevalencia de doencas cronicas e a ausencia de denticao funcional foram mais frequentes em individuos idosos. A media do numero de dentes de individuos com mais fatores de risco sistemico foi significativamente menor quando comparada a de individuos sem os referidos fatores (15,96 ± 7,58 e 19,44 ± 8,03, respectivamente, p=0,01). A analise de Spearman revelou que, quanto maior o numero de fatores de risco sistemicos, menor o numero de dentes (rho= -0,113, p=0,01). Idade avancada e comorbidades foram associadas ao menor numero de dentes na amostra estudada. Estrategias de prevencao sao fundamentais para que os usuarios alcancem bom estado de saude oral e uma denticao funcional, em idades mais avancadas.

The novel zinc(II) µ-oxo-bridged-dimeric complex [Zn2(µ-O)2(BMIP)2] (BMIP = 1,3-bis(5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)propane-1,3-dione), 1, was synthetized and fully characterized. The spectral data indicate a zincoxane molecular structure, with the BMIP ligand coordinating in its neutral form via its oxygen atoms. Structural changes in 1 in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were evidenced by means of spectroscopic techniques including infrared absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance, showing DMSO entrance in the coordination sphere of the metal ion. The resulting complex [Zn2(µ-O)2(BMIP)2(DMSO)], 2, readily reacts in the presence of N-methyl-imidazole (NMI), a liquid-phase nucleoside mimic, to form [Zn2(µ-O)2(BMIP)2(NMI)], 3, through DMSO displacement. The three complexes show high thermal stability, demonstrating that 1 has high affinity for hard nucleophiles. Finally, with the aim of probing the suitability of this system as model scaffold for new potential anticancer metallodrugs, the interactions of 1 with calf thymus DNA were investigated in vitro in pseudo-physiological environment through UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, as well as time-resolved fluorescence studies. The latter analyses revealed that [Zn2(µ-O)2(BMIP)2(DMSO)] binds to DNA with high affinity upon DMSO displacement, opening new perspectives for the development of optimized drug substances.

A polpa e periodonto estão intimamente relacionados. Lesões endo-periodontais são, ocasionalmente, condições que envofüem desafios no diagnóstico e tratamento. O sucesso das terapias periodontal e endodôntica depende da eliminação de ambos processos de doença, na polpa e no periodonto. O objetivo deste relato de caso é apresentar o tratamento bem sucedido de um primeiro molarinferior esquerdo com lesão periodontal primária com envolvimento endodôntico secundário em um paciente com periodontite crônica avançada. Descreve-se o diagnóstico, tratamento e proservação por 5 anos. O acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico mostrou uma melhora radiográfica significativa e ausência de sintomas, apesar do prognóstico prévio desfavorável. Conclui-se que esse tipo de lesão endo-periodontal pode ser tratada com sucesso, desde que abordada devidamente com integração da Periodontia e da Endodontia. The pulp and the periodontal tissue are closely related. Endo-periodontal lesions are conditions that involve challenges in diagnosis and treatment. The success of periodontal and endodontic therapies depends on the elimination of both disease processes, in pulp and periodontium. The aim ofthis case report is to present a successful treatment of a lower left first molar with primary periodontal lesion with secondary endodontic involvement in a patient with advaoced chronic periodontitis. It's described the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for 5 years. The last clinical and radiographic findings showed a significant radiographic improvement and absence of symptoms, despite the uncertain previous prognosis. It was concluded that this type of endo-periodontal lesions can be successfully treated,if properly approached with integration of Periodontics and Endodontics.

O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar o perfil do usuário do Sistema de Saúde da Marinha atendido na Odontoclínica Central da Marinha, além de investigar a possível associação do número de dentes com fatores de risco sistêmicos. Foram analisados 1.123 questionários e 750 exames clínicos realizados pelo Serviço de Odontologia Preventiva durante consulta odontológica. Avaliaram-se dados subdividindo a população em três faixas etárias: 20 a 39 anos, 40 a 59, e 60 anos ou mais. Uma análise estratificada visou esclarecer se a média do número de dentes de pacientes com idade superior a 50 anos, fumantes, diabéticos, com osteoporose e/ou hipercolesterolemia, era menor que a média encontrada em pacientes sem os referidos riscos. A associação do número de fatores de risco sistêmicos com o número de dentes foi investigada usando o teste de correlação de Spearman. Os resultados mostraram que a prevalência de doenças crônicas e a ausência de dentição funcional foram mais frequentes em indivíduos idosos. A média do número de dentes de indivíduos com mais fatores de risco sistêmico foi significativamente menor quando comparada a de indivíduos sem os referidos fatores (15,96 ± 7,58 e 19,44 ± 8,03, respectivamente, p=0,01). A análise de Spearman revelou que, quanto maior o número de fatores de risco sistêmicos, menor o número de dentes (rho= -0,113, p=0,01). Idade avançada e comorbidades foram associadas ao menor número de dentes na amostra estudada. Estratégias de prevenção são fundamentais para que os usuários alcancem bom estado de saúde oral e uma dentição funcional, em idades mais avançadas. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of the patients of the Sistema de Saúde da Marinha attending the Brazilian Navy?s Dental Center (Odontoclínica Central da Marinha), in addition to investigate the possible association of number of teeth and systemic risk factors. More than one thousand anamnesis charts and 750 clinical examinations performed by the Preventive Dentistry Service were evaluated. Data were evaluated by subgrouping the study population into the following age groups: 20 to 39 years, 40 to 59, and 60 years or more. A stratified analysis aimed to clarify whether the mean number of teeth of patients aged over 50, smokers, diabetics, with osteoporosis and / or hypercholesterolemia, was lower when compared to those without such risks. The association of number of systemic risk factors and number of teeth was investigated using Spearman correlation test. The results have shown that the prevalence of chronic disease and the absence of functional dentition were more frequent in the elderly. The mean number of teeth of individuals with more systemic risk factors was significantly lower when compared to individuals without these factors (15.96 ± 7.58 and 19.44 ± 8.03, respectively, p = 0.01). Spearman analysis revealed that the higher the number of systemic risk factors, the lower the number of teeth (rho= -0,113, p = 0.01). In conclusion, advanced age and comorbidities were associated with the lower number of teeth in the studied sample. Prevention strategies are fundamental for reaching good oral health and a functional dentition at more advanced ages.

Desde janeiro deste ano, passamos a conviver com noticiarios e redes sociais trazendo diversas informacoes sobre o “novo coronavirus”. Oficialmente anunciado como patogeno causador da COVID-19 pelo Centro Chines de Controle e Prevencao de Doencas, logo passou a se tornar um problema de saude publica desafiador, nao apenas para a China, mas para muitos paises ao redor do mundo (1). Assim como os virus respiratorios, o novo coronavirus, o SARS-CoV-2, e trasmitido principalmente pelo contato com goticulas respiratorias de individuos com COVID-19.

This study investigated whether periodontitis affects systemic bone status and whether FRAX® is a screening tool for periodontal disease in elderly women. The findings showed that bone density was not influenced by periodontitis and highlighted that women with FRAX® score above the intervention threshold had greater chance to present severe periodontitis. This study investigated whether periodontal disease is a predictor for systemic bone loss among elderly women. The utilization of FRAX® as a screening tool for severe periodontitis was also evaluated in this population. Current bone mineral density (BMD) for lumbar spine and proximal femur was used as an indicator of “bone status.” Number of interdental sites with severe clinical attachment loss, frequency of bleeding on probing, and percentage of tooth loss due to periodontitis represented “periodontal disease” that was tested as a predictor of bone loss in a structural equation modeling analysis involving 110 participants. The intake of antiosteoporosis medication was considered in the analysis. Four other different criteria for periodontitis classification were also tested. FRAX® for major fracture was calculated without BMD, and with intervention threshold set by age. Longitudinally, BMD changes up to 10 years were also obtained and checked for possible association with periodontitis. Periodontal disease was not a predictor for worse systemic bone status according to the different periodontal disease classifications, and was not associated with BMD changes. Antiosteoporosis medication directly predicted periodontal disease and systemic bone status. Women with FRAX® score above the intervention threshold had higher chance for periodontitis in more advanced stages: III/IV (OR = 1.13, 95% CI [1.04 to 1.22], p = 0.03). Periodontal disease did not constitute a predictor for reduced systemic bone density in the studied population of elderly women. On the other hand, FRAX® demonstrated to be a useful tool to suggest periodontal evaluation. Antiresorptive medication showed benefits on periodontal and bone status.

This longitudinal study aimed to elucidate whether systemic bone fragility predicts severe periodontal clinical attachment loss (CAL) and tooth loss over the years and to test the influence of bone medication and periodontal maintenance in these relationships. Elderly women were evaluated for bone mineral density (BMD) and for fracture risk assessment (FRAX) in a cross-sectional analysis and retrospective follow-up (6- and 10-y periods). Data on BMD and FRAX were used as indicators of bone fragility in structural equation modeling. Periodontal examination and data on postmenopausal tooth loss were recorded. Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust covariance were used to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% CI of BMD and FRAX for sites with CAL ≥6 mm and for tooth loss. The cross-sectional analysis included 134 women aged 65 to 80 y, and from them 71 and 49 women had available data for analysis in the 6- and 10-y follow-up periods, respectively. Bone fragility predicted severe CAL over 10 y (e.g., femoral neck: 10-y analysis, β = −0.389, P = 0.005; cross-sectional, β = −0.190, P = 0.004); however, this association did not remain significant when the use of bone medication was evaluated. Poisson regression showed that a better skeletal condition was associated with a lower risk of severe periodontal disease and tooth loss (cross-sectional femoral neck: RR = 0.08, P < 0.001; RR = 0.03, P < 0.001, respectively) when not adjusted for bone medication and periodontal maintenance. The receiver operating characteristic curve suggested that women with osteoporosis should be referred for periodontal assessment (sensitivity = 71.0%, specificity = 70.0%). Bone fragility is a relevant longitudinal predictor of severe periodontal disease and tooth loss among elderly women. The use of bisphosphonates improved the bone condition as well as the periodontal status. Periodontal maintenance also minimized the negative impact of low BMD on teeth-supportive tissues in the studied population.Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study present evidence that the management of bone fragility and osteoporosis may be important in the prevention of periodontal attachment loss and future tooth loss. Besides the antiresorptive effects of the antiosteoporosis drugs on systemic bone conditions, these medications may protect periodontal tissues. The interaction of health care professionals such as dentists and physicians represents a key role for the approach to women’s health, especially in an aging world.

We introduced a regioselective and atom-economical procedure for the synthesis of 3-substituted indoles by annulation of nitrosoarenes with ethynyl ketones. The reactions were carried out achieving indoles without any catalyst and with excellent regioselectivity. No traces of 2-aroylindole products were detected. Working with 4-nitronitrosobenzene as starting material, the 3-aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindole products precipitated from the reaction mixtures and were isolated by filtration without any further purification technique. Differently from the corresponding N-hydroxy-3-aryl indoles that, spontaneously in solution, give dehydrodimerization products, the N-hydroxy-3-aroyl indoles are stable and no dimerization compounds were observed.

Due to the importance of studying alternatives to reduce pepper post-harvest loss and verify the processing potential of the several cultivars/varieties available, the objective of this study was to characterize common peppers in Brazil, and to evaluate their potential for further processing into jelly form. More specifically, the most-consumed species and varieties in Brazil were investigated, that is: Habanero, Cheiro do Norte, Biquinho, Malagueta, Cayenne, Paprika and Dedo de Moca. Additionally, the drivers of liking for pepper jelly were sought so as to understand the desirable characteristics of this product. The different peppers were initially assessed by the following physical and physicochemical analyses: length, diameter, unit mass, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH, color, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and vitamin C levels. Jellies made with different pepper types were also analyzed for total titratable acidity, pH, color, and texture profile, and a sensory study was conducted to elucidate the drivers of liking. As expected, different pepper types varied in physical and physicochemical properties, and the resulting jellies also differed in terms of physical, physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics. In general, less pungent peppers (Biquinho, Paprika and Cheiro do Norte) were the most suitable for processing to produce jellies with more desirable attributes for consumers: reddish color, characteristic flavor and aroma of a pepper, sweet taste, and low pungency.

Bis-dehydroxycurcumin tert-butyl ester (K2T23) is a derivative of the natural spice curcumin. Curcumin is widely studied for its multiple therapeutic properties, including photosensitized cytotoxicity. However, the full exploitation of curcumin phototoxic potential is hindered by the extreme instability of its excited state, caused by very efficient non radiative decay by means of transfer of the enolic proton to the nearby keto oxygen. K2T23 is designed to exhibit a tautomeric equilibrium shifted toward the diketo conformers with respect to natural curcumin. This property should endow K2T23 with superior excited-state stability when excited in the UVB band, i.e., in correspondence of the diketo conformers absorption peaks, making this compound an interesting candidate for topical photodynamic therapy of, e.g., skin tumors or oral infections. In this work, the tautomeric equilibrium of K2T23 between the keto-enolic and diketo conformers is assessed in the ground state in several organic solvents by UV-visible absorption and by nuclear magnetic resonance. The same tautomeric equilibrium is also probed in the excited-state in the same environments by means of steady-state fluorescence and time-correlated single-photon counting measurements. These techniques are also exploited to elucidate the excited state dynamics and excited-state deactivation pathways of K2T23, which are compared to those determined for several other curcuminoids characterized in previous works of ours. The ability of K2T23 in photosensitizing the production of singlet oxygen is compared with that of curcumin. © 2017 Nardo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

A library of new heterocyclic systems was synthesized starting from oxcarbazepine (OXC, Trileptal®, 10-oxo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine- 5-carboxamide). The key for these transformations is the a-enolizable ketone present on the [d]-side of our starting material OXC, thus, an in depth investigation of the literature to find heteroannulation reactions for substrates carrying an a-enolizable ketone gave us a boost to discover an excellent derivatization strategy and [3+2], [4+2] and [4+1] approaches were successfully developed. Almost always a pre-functionalization was needed, but also the direct one-pot heterocycle construction was also explored. © 2013 by the authors.