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1. Simit Epidemiological Multicentric Study on Hospitalized Immigrants in Italy During 2002

Author

Scotto, G., Saracino, A., Pempinello, R., El Hamad, I., Geraci, S., Panunzio, M., Palumbo, Ernesto, Cibelli, D. C., Angarano, G., Quirino, T., Vigevani, G. M., Balducci, M., Petrelli, E., Bergamasco, A., Cadeo, G., Elhamad, I., Carosi, G., Vitucci, N., Gobbi, M., Allegri, M. P., Toti, M., Piretti, B., De Stefano, C., Mannozzi, P., Mastropietro, C., Paffetti, A., Losappio, R., Fontana, T., Sfara, C., Stagni, G., Salome, G., Soscia, F., Maggi, P., Pastore, G., Miccolis, S., Scalzini, A., Brogi, A., Renda, V., Lancella, L., Ticca, F., Gabbati, A., Mazzotta, A., Villa, M., Viganò, P., Salatino, A., Andreoni, M., Drenaggi, D., Scalise, G., Ciardi, M., D'Elia, S., Limodio, M., Gallo, A. I., Delia, S., Caltabiano, E., Cosentino, G., Raspaglieli, M., Di Gregorio, P., Mariani, R., Paolini, M., Sabbatani, S., Chiodo, F., Casabianca, A., Biglino, A., Galloni, D., Carnevale, G., Pantaleoni, M., Ghinelli, F., Purificato, F., Pompei, A. G., Portelli, V., Chasseur, R., Tassara, A., Benenat, B., Sapienza, M., Sabatini, P., Sabusco, G., Bellardini, G., Zauli, T., Valencic, A., Luzzati, R., Milini, P., Chiodera, A., Sebbia, F., Davi', A., Pizzigallo, E., Scerbo, P., Ferraro, T., Consorte, A., Mariani Toro, G., Gioia, M., Grossi, P., Coviello, G., Sagnelli, E., Azzimi, A., Concia, A., Allegra, M., and Todaro, Gianmarco

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, Epidemiology, HIV Infections, infectious diseases, Communicable Diseases, Article, Hepatitis, HIV, Hospitalization, Immigration, Infectious diseases, Female, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Poverty, Surveys and Questionnaires, Emigration and Immigration, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine, business.industry, Public health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Country of origin, tuberculosis, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Immunology, Public Health, business, Viral hepatitis, Malaria, immigration
Abstract

The aim of this article is to retrospectively evaluate the patient characteristics and the most common infectious diseases in immigrant patients hospitalized in 46 Italian infectious disease clinics during 2002. The main Italian infectious disease clinics were invited to fill in a questionnaire that regarded the number and type of hospital admissions, the country of origin, and demographic features (age, sex, and resident state) of immigrants. A total of 46 clinics including 2255 patients participated in the study. Most patients were men (63%) with an age between 16 and 40 years (63.4%) covered by the National Health Service (71%) and coming from Africa (44.3%). The main infectious diseases observed were: 378 (16.76%) cases of HIV infection, 303 (13.43%) cases of tuberculosis diseases, 282 (12.5%) cases of various forms of viral hepatitis, 177 (7.84%) cases of respiratory diseases, and 196 (8.69%) gastrointestinal diseases. Tropical diseases found were 134 (5.94%) including 95 cases of malaria (70.9%). In conclusion, a broad range of diseases was noted in immigrants which were directly correlated with conditions of poverty. Only a few tropical diseases were diagnosed and therefore the immigrant should not be considered as an infectious disease carrier.

Published
2005
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2. Impact of removed prostheses sonication on prosthetic joint infections diagnosis and outcome

Author

Ascione T, Pagliano P, Iannece M, Rosario P, Conte M, Rotondo R, Pempinello R., MARICONDA, MASSIMO, BALATO, GIOVANNI, SMERAGLIA, FRANCESCO, Raoult D, Ascione, T, Pagliano, P, Iannece, M, Rosario, P, Conte, M, Mariconda, Massimo, Balato, Giovanni, Smeraglia, Francesco, Rotondo, R, and Pempinello, R.

Subjects
sonication, diagnosis, prosthetic joint infection
Abstract

Background: Sonication of removed implant may improve the rate of microbiologic diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections (PJI) but the value of a sonication-guided therapy is unknown. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of sonication in ameliorating quality of microbiological diagnosis and consequently in improving cure rate of PJI. Methods: PJI undergoing two-stage exchange consecutively observed during a 4-year period were enrolled. PJI were defined by clinical, microbiological and radiologic findings. In each case, we reported demographic, clinical and microbiological data, including the method employed to obtain microbiological cultures such as conventional culture of intraoperative specimens or culture of the fluid obtained by sonication of the removed implant. Cure was defined by disappearance of any evidence of infection during a 6-month follow-up period. Results: Thirty-seven cases with PJI were observed (median age 64 [range 48–82], 16 hip implants and 21 knee implants). Microbiological investigations revealed bacterial growth in 30 (81%). Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 12 (40%) cases (eight methicillin resistant), Coagulase Negative staphylococci (CoNS) were identified in 10 (33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 3 (10%), and other bacteria in 5 (17%). In 15 PJI the attempt to microbiological diagnosis was made only by conventional methods reporting a 67% success rate. In 22 cases undergoing both culture of the fluid obtained by sonication and culture of conventional intraoperative specimens, bacterial growth was obtained in 20 (90%) by sonication and 15 (68%) by conventional methods. Three cases reported discordant microbiological evidences between sonication and conventional methods and received antimicrobial therapy according to sonication. Overall, cultures were positive in 90% by sonication and 68% by conventional methods (20/22 vs. 25/37; RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.04–1.74; p = 0.04) with an increase of CoNS isolated among those diagnosed by sonication. Failure after twostage replacement was reported in 3 (20%) diagnosed by conventional methods and 1 (5%) diagnosed by sonication. Conclusion: Sonication of the implant improved the accuracy of PJI microbiological diagnosis revealing a higher number of cases sustained by CoNS which are better revealed by sonication since are embedded within biofilm. Sonication resulted in slight better cure rate, probably because of the reduction of cases needing broad spectrum empiric therapy.

Published
2012

3. Epidemiologic findings and treatment of prosthetic joint infections

Author

Ascione T, Pagliano P, Conte M, Rotondo R, Pempinello C, Lepore S, Pempinello R., MARICONDA, MASSIMO, European Bone and Joint Infection Society, Ascione, T, Pagliano, P, Conte, M, Rotondo, R, Pempinello, C, Mariconda, Massimo, Lepore, S, and Pempinello, R.

Published
2011

4. Simit epidemiological multicentric study on hospitalized immigrants in Italy during 2002

Author

Scotto G, Saracino A, Pempinello R, El Hamad I, Geraci S, Panunzio M, Palumbo E, Cibelli DC, Angarano G, Quirino T, Vigevani GM, Balducci M, Petrelli E, Bergamasco A, Cadeo G, ELHamad I, Carosi G, Vitucci N, Gobbi M, Allegri MP, Toti M, Piretti B, De Stefano C, Mannozzi P, Mastropietro C, Paffetti A, Losappio R, Fontana T, Sfara C, Stagni G, Salome G, Soscia F, Maggi P, Scotto, G, Saracino, A, Pempinello, R, El Hamad, I, Geraci, S, Panunzio, M, Palumbo, E, Cibelli, Dc, Angarano, G, Quirino, T, Vigevani, Gm, Balducci, M, Petrelli, E, Bergamasco, A, Cadeo, G, Elhamad, I, Carosi, G, Vitucci, N, Gobbi, M, Allegri, Mp, Toti, M, Piretti, B, De Stefano, C, Mannozzi, P, Mastropietro, C, Paffetti, A, Losappio, R, Fontana, T, Sfara, C, Stagni, G, Salome, G, Soscia, F, Maggi, P, and Et, Al.

Published
2005

5. Simit epidemiological multicentric study on hospitalized immigrants in Italy during 2002

Author

Scotto G, Saracino A, Pempinello R, El Hamad I, Geraci S, Panunzio M, Palumbo E, Cibelli DC, Angarano G, The Italian Study Group For Infectious Diseases in Immigrans, LUZZATI, ROBERTO, Scotto, G, Saracino, A, Pempinello, R, El Hamad, I, Geraci, S, Panunzio, M, Palumbo, E, Cibelli, Dc, Angarano, G, The Italian Study Group For Infectious Diseases in, Immigran, and Luzzati, Roberto

Subjects
HIV, hospitalization, immigration, infectious diseases, tuberculosis, infectious disease
Abstract

The aim of this article is to retrospectively evaluate the patient characteristics and the most common infectious diseases in immigrant patients hospitalized in 46 Italian infectious disease clinics during 2002. The main Italian infectious disease clinics were invited to fill in a questionnaire that regarded the number and type of hospital admissions, the country of origin, and demographic features (age, sex, and resident state) of immigrants. A total of 46 clinics including 2255 patients participated in the study. Most patients were men (63%) with an age between 16 and 40 years (63.4%) covered by the National Health Service (71%) and coming from Africa (44.3%). The main infectious diseases observed were: 378 (16.76%) cases of HIV infection, 303 (13.43%) cases of tuberculosis diseases, 282 (12.5%) cases of various forms of viral hepatitis, 177 (7.84%) cases of respiratory diseases, and 196 (8.69%) gastrointestinal diseases. Tropical diseases found were 134 (5.94%) including 95 cases of malaria (70.9%). In conclusion, a broad range of diseases was noted in immigrants which were directly correlated with conditions of poverty. Only a few tropical diseases were diagnosed and therefore the immigrant should not be considered as an infectious disease carrier.

Published
2005

6. Verrucous Carcinoma of the Foot with Bone Invasion: A Case Report

Author

Pempinello, C., Bova, A., Pempinello, R., Luise, R., and Iannaci, G.

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Verrucous carcinoma of the foot often affects deep structures such as tendons, muscles, or bones. A 74-year-old man presented with a foot lesion that had been diagnosed as a skin infection 7 years earlier. He was treated with multiple excisions and superficial biopsies associated with antibiotic therapy without success. In our department he underwent an aggressive and accurate debridement with marginal excision harvesting multiple biopsies. Pathological evaluation of tissue at the time of operation confirmed the diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma of the foot. Therefore, the patient underwent an amputation below knee, and there were no postoperative complications; the patient was able to walk with the aid of a prosthesis with no signs of recurrence. The lesion follows a chronic course evolving from a discrete focal lesion to a large fungating deeply penetrating mass often compromised by local infection. The slow growth and confusing early-stage appearances can lead to delays in diagnosis of 8 to 15 years causing the extracutaneous involvement that requires a leg amputation. Many patients are initially treated with many topical medications without success, and most tumors have been treated as recalcitrant warts or corns for some time, whereas the basic approach is surgical.

Published
2013
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7. Italian guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents and the diagnostic-clinical management of HIV-1 infected persons

Author

Antinori, A, Marcotullio, S, Ammassari, A, Andreoni, M, Angarano, G, Carosi, G, Cinque, P, D' Arminio Monforte, A, Di Perri, G, Ensoli, B, Ferrazzi, E, Galli, M, Mastroianni, C, Matteelli, A, Mazzotta, F, Moroni, M, Pal, G, Puoti, M, Puro, V, Rizzardini, G, Sagnelli, E, Suter, F, Vella, S, Collaborators: Ensoli B, Lazzarin A., Lazzarin, A, Antonucci, G, Armignacco, O, Babudieri, S, Baldelli, F, Bini, T, Bonfanti, P, Bonora, S, Borderi, M, Bruno, R, Bucciardini, R, Castagna, A, Cattelan, Am, Cauda, R, Cerioli, A, Chirianni, A, Cingolani, A, De Carli, G, De Luca, A, Di Pietro, M, El Hamad, I, Errico, M, Floridia, M, Gabrielli, E, Giaquinto, C, Girardi, E, Gori, A, Grossi, PAOLO ANTONIO, Guaraldi, G, Liuzzi, G, Lo Caputo, S, Maggiolo, F, Malena, M, Maserati, R, Morrone, A, Murri, R, Mussini, C, Nasta, P, Oldrini, M, Oleari, F, Orlando, G, Pempinello, R, Perno, Cf, Prestileo, T, Pompa, Mg, Rancilio, L, Rasi, G, Savasi, Vm, Signorini, L, Sighinolfi, L, Sighinolfi, M, Stagnitta, M, Starace, F, Starnini, G, Sterrantino, G, Tamburini, E, Tambussi, G, Tavio, M, Torti, C, Tozzi, V, Trotta, Mp, Vaccher, E, Vigan, A, Visintini, R, Vullo, V, Zuccotti, Gv, Antinori, A, Marcotullio, S, Ammassari, A, Andreoni, M, Angarano, G, Carosi, G, Cinque, P, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Di Perri, G, Ensoli, B, Ferrazzi, E, Galli, M, Mastroianni, C, Matteelli, A, Mazzotta, F, Moroni, M, Palù, G, Puoti, M, Puro, V, Rizzardini, G, Sagnelli, E, Suter, F, Vella, S, Lazzarin, A, Gori, A, Antinori, Andrea, Marcotullio, Simone, Ammassari, Adriana, Andreoni, Massimo, Angarano, Gioacchino, Carosi, Giampiero, Cinque, Paola, Monforte Antonella, D'Arminio, Di Perri, Giovanni, Ensoli, Barbara, Ferrazzi, Enrico, Galli, Massimo, Mastroianni, Claudio, Matteelli, Alberto, Mazzotta, Francesco, Moroni, Mauro, Palu, Giorgio, Puoti, Massimo, Puro, Vincenzo, Rizzardini, Giuliano, Sagnelli, Evangelista, Suter, Fredy, Vella, Stefano, and for the Italian HIV Guidelines Working, Group

Subjects
ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIV, Guidelines, Antiretroviral therapy, Anti-HIV Agents, Anti-HIV Agent, HIV Infections, HIV infection, Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia e Microbiologia Clinica, Italy, therapeutic use, HIV Infections, diagnosis/drug therapy/immunology, HIV-1, drug effects/immunology, Italy, diagnosis/drug therapy/immunology, therapeutic use, HIV-1, guidelines, drug effects/immunology
Published
2011

8. [Visceral leishmaniasis in Italy. Its epidemiology, clinical picture and therapy]

Author

GAETA, Giovanni Battista, GRADONI L, GRAMICCIA M, DI MARTINO L, PIZZUTI R, PEMPINELLO R, SCOTTI S, MAISTO A., Gaeta, Giovanni Battista, Gradoni, L, Gramiccia, M, DI MARTINO, L, Pizzuti, R, Pempinello, R, Scotti, S, and Maisto, A.

Subjects
Dogs, Italy, Phlebotomus, Antiprotozoal Agents, Prevalence, Animals, Humans, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Disease Reservoirs, Insect Vectors
Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health problem in most countries bordering the Mediterranean sea. The disease has been found in central and southern Italy, Sicily, Sardinia; some pockets are present in Liguria. Dogs are the reservoirs and the vectors are some species of sandfly (Phlebotomus species). The incubation period is usually between 2 and 8 months; children and adults may become infected; lethality may be high and depends upon a correct diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis should be suspected on the basis of the epidemiological data and clinical picture and confirmed by the detection of specific antibodies by appropriate techniques. Leishmaniasis can be detected in splenic or bone marrow aspirates. Patients with HIV infection and VL may lack specific antibodies; parasitological diagnosis is mandatory for these patients. Antimonials are the classic therapeutic agents for VL. Recently liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome) has been successfully used, with negligible toxicity.

Published
1994

9. Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis: a multi-centre trial

Author

DAVIDSON RN, DI MARTINO L, GRADONI L, GIACCHINO R, RUSSO R, PEMPINELLO R, SCOTT S, RAIMONDI F, CASCIO A., GAETA, Giovanni Battista, Davidson, Rn, Di Martino, L, Gradoni, L, Giacchino, R, Russo, R, Gaeta, Gb, Pempinello, R, Scott, S, Raimondi, Francesco, Cascio, A., DI MARTINO, L, Gaeta, Giovanni Battista, and Raimondi, F

Subjects
Adult, Male, Drug Carriers, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Adolescent, Liposomal amphotericin B, HIV, Infant, Middle Aged, Immunocompromised Host, Amphotericin B, Child, Preschool, Liposomes, Immune Tolerance, Animals, Humans, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Female, Leishmania infantum, Child, leishmaniasis, Aged
Abstract

Thirty-one patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum received liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in a multi-centre study. Ten immunocompetent patients (six children) received 1-1.38 mg/kg/day for 21 days, and ten (nine children) received 3 mg/kg/day for 10 days. All were cured without significant adverse events and without relapse during 12-24 months of follow-up. Eleven immunocompromised adults, including seven co-infected with HIV (four with AIDS) received 100 mg (1.38-1.85 mg/kg) daily for 21 days. All were initially considered cured, but eight relapsed clinically and parasitologically at 3-22 months. Liposomal amphotericin B is a new, safe and effective drug for the treatment of VL.

Published
1994

12. Prevalence of HIV infections in hospitalised immigrants in Clinics of Infectious Diseases in Italy: A multicentric survey

Author

Scotto, G., Saracino, A., Pempinello, R., El-Hamad, I., Geraci, S., Palumbo, E., Cibelli, D. C., and Gioacchino ANGARANO

Subjects
Adult, Hospitalization, Male, Italy, Prevalence, Humans, Female, HIV Infections, Emigration and Immigration, Middle Aged, Communicable Diseases, Health Surveys
Abstract

Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of HIV infection in immigrants hospitalised in infectious disease settings in Italy during 2002. Each participating centre filled in a CRF which regarded the number of immigrants hospitalised in ordinary regime or in day-hospital during 2002 and, for HIV-positive patients only, some demographic (age, sex, origin) and clinical features (only HIV positivity or AIDS, new diagnosis or not, diagnosis of opportunistic infections). A total of 46 Infectious Diseases Units participated in the study and a total number of 2255 patients were tested for anti-HIV, irrespective of the cause of hospitalization, with 378 (16%) cases of positivity. Women accounted for 47.9%; the mean age of the population was 34.5 years. African patients showed a higher prevalence of HIV infections than subjects from other geographical areas (61.9% of all cases). Most HIV-infected patients were unaware of their positivity. In conclusion, HIV infection represents one of the main health problems among immigrants, particularly of African origin.

14. Current news on infective endocarditis obtained from 1053 case studies with validated clinical diagnosis,Attualità sulle endocarditi infettive desunte dallo studio di 1053 episodi con diagnosi clinica validata

Author

Francesco Giuseppe DE ROSA, Cicalini, S., Francavilla, R., Alberici, F., Andreoni, M., Artioli, S., Ascenzio, M. B., Azzini, M., Bellissima, P., Betti, F., Brizzi, M., Bruno, S., Cadrobbi, P., Carco, F., Caremani, M., Cargnel, A., Carnevale, G., Carotti, A., Carretta, M., Caraldini, S., Colomba, A., Colombini, P., Concia, E., Cristini, G., Della Santa, M., Stefano, C. B., Di Gregorio, P., Di Nardo, V., Dionisio, D., Di Palma, D., Esposito, R., Fatuzzo, F., Ferraro, T., Ferrea, G., Fotana, T., Foresti, S., Frongillo, R., Fruttaldo, L., Gaffuri, L., Galante, D., Gallo, A., Gherardi, V., Ghinelli, F., Gobbi, M., Gritti, F., Lauria, F. N., Lazzarin, A., Lazzarini, L., Leoncini, F., Magnani, G., Marani Toro, G., Marinacci, G., Mazzotta, F., Menicagli, V., Mian, P., Milazzo, F., Moroni, M., Naddeo, V., Nunnari, A., Ortolani, P., Paoloni, M., Parrinello, A., Pempinello, R., Petrelli, E., Petrucci, A., Piazza, M., Piersantelli, N., Pizzigallo, E., Portelli, V., Ranieri, S., Resta, F., Restivo, O., Ricciarello, P. T., Rizzo, G., Sabusco, G., Salvo, A., Samargese, V., Scalise, G., Seminara, V., Sforza, E., Soranzo, M. L., Stagni, G., Stagno, A., Stornello, C., Suter, F., Tanti Monaco, G. B., Tarquini, P., Tassara, A., Terra, L., Toti, M., Traini, E., Vaglia, A., Veglio, V., Vetrano, A., and Villa, M. R.

15. Evolving treatment implementation among HIV- infected pregnant women and their partners: Results from a national surveillance study in Italy, 2001-2015

Author

Floridia, M., Frisina, V. b., Ravizza, M., Marconi, A. M., Pinnetti, C., Cetin, I., Sansone, M., Molinari, A., Cervi, F., Meloni, A., Luzi, K., Masuelli, G., Tamburrini, E., Ensoli, B., Moroni, M., Lazzarin, A., Sagnelli, E., Antinori, A., Carosi, G., Marcotullio, S., Mazzotta, F., Vella, S., Ammassari, A., Antonucci, G., Andreoni, M., Angarano, G., Armignacco, O., Babudieri, S., Baldelli, F., Bini, T., Bonfanti, Bonora, P., Borderi, S., Bruno, M., Bucciardini, R., Castagna, R, Cattelan, A., Cauda, A. M., Cerioli, R., Chirianni, A., Cingolani, A., Cinque, A., D'Arminio, Monforte, Carli, De, Luca, De, Perri, Di, Pietro, Di, Hamad, El, Errico, I., Ferrazzi, M., Gabrielli, E., Galli, E., Giaquinto, M., Girardi, C., Gori, E., Grossi, A., Guaraldi, P., Liuzzi, G., Caputo, Lo, Maggiolo, S., Malena, F., Maserati, M., Mastroianni, R., Matteelli, C., Morrone, A., Murri, A., Mussini, R., Nasta, C., Oldrini, P., Oleari, M., Orlando, F., Palù, G., Pempinello, G., Perno, R., Prestileo, C., Pompa, T., Puoti, M. G., Puro, M., Rancilio, V., Rasi, L., Rizzardini, G., Savasi, G., Signorini, V. M., Sighinolfi, L., Stagnitta, L., Starace, M., Starnini, F., Sterrantino, G., Suter, G., Tambussi, F., Tavio, G., Torti, M., Tozzi, C., Trotta, V., Vaccher, M. P., Viganò, E., Visintini, A., Vullo, R., Zuccotti, V., Dell'Isola, G. V., Manfredini, S., Parisi, V., Pezzoli, S., M. C., Floridia, M, Frisina, V, Ravizza, M, Marconi, A, Pinnetti, C, Cetin, I, Sansone, M, Molinari, A, Cervi, F, Meloni, A, Luzi, K, Masuelli, G, Tamburrini, E, Ensoli, B, Moroni, M, Lazzarin, A, Sagnelli, E, Antinori, A, Carosi, G, Marcotullio, S, Mazzotta, F, Vella, S, Ammassari, A, Antonucci, G, Andreoni, M, Angarano, G, Armignacco, O, Babudieri, S, Baldelli, F, Bini, T, Bonfanti, P, Bonora, S, Borderi, M, Bruno, R, Bucciardini, R, Castagna, A, Cattelan, A, Cauda, R, Cerioli, A, Chirianni, A, Cingolani, A, Cinque, P, d'Arminio Monforte, A, De Carli, G, De Luca, A, Di Perri, G, Di Pietro, M, El Hamad, I, Errico, M, Ferrazzi, E, Gabrielli, E, Galli, M, Giaquinto, C, Girardi, E, Gori, A, Grossi, P, Guaraldi, G, Liuzzi, G, Lo Caputo, S, Maggiolo, F, Malena, M, Maserati, R, Mastroianni, C, Matteelli, A, Morrone, A, Murri, R, Mussini, C, Nasta, P, Oldrini, M, Oleari, F, Orlando, G, Palu, G, Pempinello, R, Perno, C, Prestileo, T, Pompa, M, Puoti, M, Puro, V, Rancilio, L, Rasi, G, Rizzardini, G, Savasi, V, Signorini, L, Sighinolfi, L, Stagnitta, M, Starace, F, Starnini, G, Sterrantino, G, Suter, F, Tambussi, G, Tavio, M, Torti, C, Tozzi, V, Trotta, M, Vaccher, E, Vigano, A, Visintini, R, Vullo, V, Zuccotti, G, Dell'Isola, S, Manfredini, V, Parisi, S, Pezzoli, M, Zona, S, Floridia, M., Frisina, V., Ravizza, M., Marconi, A. M., Pinnetti, C., Cetin, I., Sansone, M., Molinari, A., Cervi, F., Meloni, A., Luzi, K., Masuelli, G., Tamburrini, E., Ensoli, B., Moroni, M., Lazzarin, A., Sagnelli, E., Antinori, A., Carosi, G., Marcotullio, S., Mazzotta, F., Vella, S., Ammassari, A., Antonucci, G., Andreoni, M., Angarano, G., Armignacco, O., Babudieri, S., Baldelli, F., Bini, T., Bonfanti, P., Bonora, S., Borderi, M., Bruno, R., Bucciardini, R., Castagna, A., Cattelan, A. M., Cauda, R., Cerioli, A., Chirianni, A., Cingolani, A., Cinque, P., d'Arminio Monforte, A., De Carli, G., De Luca, A., Di Perri, G., Di Pietro, M., El Hamad, I., Errico, M., Ferrazzi, E., Gabrielli, E., Galli, M., Giaquinto, C., Girardi, E., Gori, A., Grossi, P., Guaraldi, G., Liuzzi, G., Lo Caputo, S., Maggiolo, F., Malena, M., Maserati, R., Mastroianni, C., Matteelli, A., Morrone, A., Murri, R., Mussini, C., Nasta, P., Oldrini, M., Oleari, F., Orlando, G., Palu, G., Pempinello, R., Perno, C. -F., Prestileo, T., Pompa, M. G., Puoti, M., Puro, V., Rancilio, L., Rasi, G., Rizzardini, G., Savasi, V. M., Signorini, L., Sighinolfi, L., Stagnitta, M., Starace, F., Starnini, G., Sterrantino, G., Suter, F., Tambussi, G., Tavio, M., Torti, C., Tozzi, V., Trotta, M. P., Vaccher, E., Vigano, A., Visintini, R., Vullo, V., Zuccotti, G. V., Dell'Isola, S., Manfredini, V., Parisi, S., Pezzoli, M. C., and Zona, S.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Infectious Disease Transmission, HIV Infections, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxi, Miscarriage, Cohort Studies, Pre-exposure prophylaxis, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Medicine, Vertical, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Treatment implementation, Obstetrics, Health Policy, Medicine (all), Infectious, Pregnancy Outcome, Articles, 3. Good health, Sexual Partner, Sexual Partners, Italy, Serodiscordant, Chemoprophylaxis, Female, Live birth, Adolescent, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, Fertilization, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Anti-HIV Agent, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Complications, Infectiou, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract

Background The current global and national indications for antiretroviral treatment (ART, usually triple combination therapy) in adolescent and adults, including pregnant women, recommend early ART before immunologic decline, pre-exposure chemoprophylaxis (PrEP), and treatment of HIV-negative partners in serodiscordant couples. There is limited information on the implementation of these recommendations among pregnant women with HIV and their partners. Methods The present analysis was performed in 2016, using data from clinical records of pregnant women with HIV, followed between 2001 and 2015 at hospital or university clinics within a large, nationally representative Italian cohort study. The study period was divided in three intervals of five years each (2001-2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015), and the analysis evaluated temporal trends in rates of HIV diagnosis in pregnancy, maternal antiretroviral treatment at conception, prevalence of HIV infection among partners of pregnant women with HIV, and proportion of seronegative and seropositive male partners receiving antiretroviral treatment. Results The analysis included 2755 pregnancies in women with HIV. During the three time intervals considered the rate of HIV diagnosis in pregnancy (overall 23.3%), and the distribution of HIV status among male partners (overall 48.7% HIV- negative, 28.6% HIV-positive and 22.8% unknown) remained substantially unchanged. Significant increases were observed in the proportion of women with HIV diagnosed before pregnancy who were on antiretroviral treatment at conception (from 62.0% in 2001-2005 to 81.3% in 2011-2015, P < 0.001), and in the proportion of HIV-positive partners on antiretroviral treatment (from 73.3% in 2001-2005 to 95.8% in 2011-2015, P = 0.002). Antiretroviral treatment was administered in 99.1% of the pregnancies that did not end early because of miscarriage, termination, or intrauterine death, and in 75.3% of those not ending in a live birth. No implementation of antiretroviral treatment was introduced among male HIV-negative partners. Conclusions The results suggest good implementation of antiretroviral treatment among HIV-positive women and their HIV-positive partners, but no implementation, even in recent years, of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among uninfected male partners. Further studies should assess the determinants of this occurrence and clarify the attitudes and the potential barriers to PrEP use.

Published
2017

16. Short-course treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome)

Author

L Gradoni, S. Scotti, Angela Maisto, Elio Castagnola, Robert N. Davidson, D. di Caprio, R. Pempinello, Giovanni Battista Gaeta, L. di Martino, Raffaella Giacchino, Marina Gramiccia, Robert J. Wilkinson, Antonio Cascio, A. D. M. Bryceson, DAVIDSON R.N, DI MARTINO L, GRADONI L, GIACCHINO R, GAETA GB, PEMPINELLO R, SCOTTI S, A. CASCIO, CASTAGNOLA E, MAISTO A, GRAMICCIA M, DI CAPRIO D, Davidson, Rn, DI MARTINO, L, Gradoni, L, Giacchino, R, Gaeta, Giovanni Battista, Pempinello, R, Scotti, S, Cascio, A, Castagnola, E, Maisto, A, Gramiccia, M, DI CAPRIO, D, Wilkinson, Rj, and Bryceson, Ad

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Antifungal Agents, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Gastroenterology, Drug Administration Schedule, leishmanisis, Internal medicine, Amphotericin B, Medicine, visceral leishmaniasis, Animals, Humans, Leishmania infantum, Adverse effect, Child, Chemotherapy, Drug Carriers, biology, business.industry, Infant, Leishmaniasis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, Visceral leishmaniasis, Treatment Outcome, Total dose, Child, Preschool, Liposomes, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Liposomal amphotericin, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

We evaluated liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome; Vestar, San Dimas, CA) administered to 88 immunocompetent patients (56 children) with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum. Thirteen patients received 4 mg/kg on days 1-5 and 10 (total dose, 24 mg/kg), and all were cured; 42 received 3 mg/kg on days 1-5 and 10 (18 mg/kg), and 41 were cured; 32 received 3 mg/kg on days 1-4 and 10 (15 mg/kg), and 29 were cured (amastigotes were not cleared from 1 child, and 2 relapsed). One adult was cured with a total dose of 12mg/kg. The four children who were not cured received 3 mg/kg for 10 days; none had further relapses. There were no significant adverse events. For VL due to L. infantum, we recommended a total dose of AmBisome of > or = 20 mg/kg, given in > or = 5 doses of 3-4 mg/kg over > or = 10 days.

Published
1996

17. Estimating minimum adult HIV prevalence: A cross-sectional study to assess the characteristics of people living with HIV in Italy

Author

Margherita Busso, Tullio Prestileo, Ermenegildo Francavilla, Marco Anselmo, Francesco Montella, Evangelista Sagnelli, Teresa Santantonio, Massimo Galli, Marcello Saitta, Giuseppe Foti, Cecilia Guariglia, Franco Baldelli, Simona Di Gianbenedetto, Pierluigi Viale, Francesco Castelli, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Angelo Pan, Gabriella D’Ettore, Maria Dorrucci, Salvatore Bruno, Tiziana Quirino, Mariangela Raimondo, Alessandro Bartoloni, Vinicio Manfrin, Giovanni Mazzarello, Eugenio Mantia, Raffaele Pempinello, Antonio Traverso, Barbara Suligoi, Fabio Bulla, Pietro Mesina, Alessia Zoncada, Gianfranco Orofino, Oliviero Bosco, Gianmichele Moise, Angelo Salomone Megna, Roberto Ferretto, Mauro Valle, Manuela Colafigli, Claudio Paternoster, S. Artioli, Giovanni Riccio, Stefania Bernardi, Paolo Grossi, Milena Zoppi, Sebastiano Maiuzzo, Giorgio Perboni, Sauro Tini, Giuseppe Ferrea, Nicoletta Ladisa, Enzo M. Farinella, Daniela Francisci, Dino Sgarabotto, Roberto Monarca, Enzo Petrelli, A. Franco, Izzo Cm, Pietro Bellissima, Francesco Ortu, Laura Sighinolfi, Antonio Chirianni, Filippo Bartalesi, Giulio De Stefano, Claudia Colomba, Laura Camoni, Salvatore Galvagna, Benedetto Maurizio Celesia, Andrea Petrucci, Camillo Baretti, Pierluigi Brugnaro, Federica Poletti, Maurilio Chimenti, Camilla Ajassa, Mario Falciano, Rosaria La Sala, Sauro Luchi, V. Portelli, Annamaria Degli Antoni, Francesco Mazzotta, Giuliano Zuccati, Vincenzo Colangeli, Ercole Concia, Giordano Madeddu, Maria Cristina Salfa, Francesca Cattelan, Nicola Acone, Vincenza Regine, Olivia Bargiacchi, Maurizio de Martino, F. Paoletti, Giovanni Cassola, Giuliano Schettino, Carlo De Stefano, Enza Anzalone, D. Aquilini, Giacomo Magnani, Vanni Borghi, Roberta Gastaldi, Alessandra Govoni, Cristina Rossi, Rita Consolini, Gioacchino Angarano, Gloria Taliani, Tommaso Fontana, Sergio Lo Caputo, Davide Vitullo, Pierpaolo Congedo, Emanuela Vaccher, Paolo Viganò, Maria Stella Mura, Claudio Cancellieri, Enrico Girardi, Francesca Savalli, Cecilia Fico, Anna Maria Cattelan, Alessandro Chiodera, Renzo Scaggiante, P. Osimani, Caterina Bramato, Nicola Pietrosillo, Giovanna D'Alessio, Salvatore Bonfante, Vincenzo Vullo, Andrea Gori, Margherita Dalessandro, Domenico Lucchino, Massimo Deseraca, Paolo Tundo, Alfredo Pennica, M. Paoloni, Antonella Castagna, Nicola Serrao, Paolo Costa, Franco Marranconi, Massimo Villa, Pietro Filippini, Maurizio Setti, Eligio Pizzigallo, Marco Tinelli, Mauro Marchili, Domenico Santoro, Cesira Nencioni, Piera Dones, Vincenzo Renda, Alberto Giannetti, Domenico La Rovere, Nicoletta Dorigoni, Guido Palamara, Angelo Iodice, Clara Gabiano, Peter Mian, Luigi Guarnieri, Andrea De Luca, Nicola Tripodi, Giovanni Cristina, Giustino Parruti, Maria Montroni, Loredana Palvarini, Marco Rizzi, Benvenuto Grisorio, Corrado Catalani, Paolo Emilio Manconi, Jacopo Vecchiett, Tiziana Carli, Riccardo Iapoce, Massimo Andreoni, Adriano Lazzarin, Giorgetta Casalino Finocchio, D Sacchini, Mario Gobber, Spartaco Sani, Marco Campus, Rosario La Rosa, Maurizio Mazzeo, Stefano Bonora, Michele Trezzi, Paolo Bassi, Angela La Gala, Alessandro Grimaldi, Dante Di Giammartino, Guido Leo, Gaetano Filice, Antonio Salvo, Paolo Bonfanti, Chiara Pasqualini, Marcello Tavio, Luca Butini, N. Abrescia, Angela Linzalone, Gianpaolo Natalini Ramponi, Pierangelo Rovere, Piero Cortese, Dario Bartolozzi, F. Resta, Miriam Lichtner, Loredana Sarmati, Francesco Cesario, Renato F. Frongillo, Ivano Mezzaroma, Carlo Ferrari, Lorenzo Minoli, Paola Di Stefano, Lucina Titone, Rosa Boncoraglio, Mariana Farenga, Giuliano Rizzardini, Stefano Aviani Barbacci, Andrea Giacometti, Andrea Antinori, Antonio Caterini, Consuelo Geraci, Piergiorgio Chiriacò, Lucio Cosco, Claudio Viscoli, Alfredo Scalzini, Sandro Piga, Massimo Arlotti, Cecilia Occhino, Roberto Luzzati, Paola Sabbatini, Guglielmo Borgia, Umberto Tirelli, Antonio Davi, Letizia Cristiano, Cristina Mussini, Roberto Cauda, Patrizio Vittucci, B. Salassa, Marco Libanore, Maria Pina Sciotti, Isa Picerno, Matteo Bassetti, Benedetto Caroleo, Oswald Moling, Danilo Tacconi, Massimo Puoti, Camoni, Laura, Raimondo, Mariangela, Dorrucci, Maria, Regine V, Salfa MC, CARPHA Study, Group, Lazzarin, Adriano, Castagna, Antonella, Camoni, L, Raimondo, M, Dorrucci, M, Regine, V, Salfa, M, Suligoi, B, Di Giammartino, D, Parruti, G, Di Stefano, P, Paoloni, M, D'Alessandro, M, Grimaldi, A, Sciotti, M, Pizzigallo, E, Vecchiett, J, De Stefano, C, La Gala, A, De Stefano, G, Linzalone, A, Cesario, F, Cosco, L, Caroleo, B, Foti, G, Serrao, N, Lucchino, D, Chirianni, A, Abrescia, N, Pempinello, R, Izzo, C, Borgia, G, Filippini, P, Sagnelli, E, Iodice, A, Megna, A, D'Alessio, G, Acone, N, Mazzeo, M, Sacchini, D, Ferrari, C, Degli Antoni, A, Magnani, G, Mussini, C, Borghi, V, Viale, P, Colangeli, V, Sighinolfi, L, Libanore, M, Govoni, A, Cancellieri, C, Bassi, P, Arlotti, M, Luzzati, R, Bassetti, M, Tirelli, U, Vaccher, E, Moise, G, Palamara, G, Bernardi, S, Falciano, M, Vullo, V, D'Ettore, G, Renda, V, Guariglia, C, Taliani, G, Mezzaroma, I, Paoletti, F, Ajassa, C, Gastaldi, R, Andreoni, M, Sarmati, L, Montella, F, Antinori, A, Giannetti, A, Pietrosillo, N, Girardi, E, Pennica, A, Cauda, R, Colafigli, M, Di Gianbenedetto, S, Caterini, A, Monarca, R, Barbacci, S, Ramponi, G, Marchili, M, Anzalone, E, Lichtner, M, Ferrea, G, Cassola, G, Viscoli, C, Mazzarello, G, Setti, M, Artioli, S, Riccio, G, Finocchio, G, Anselmo, M, Rizzi, M, Scalzini, A, Castelli, F, Quirino, T, Santoro, D, Pan, A, Zoncada, A, Bonfanti, P, Viganò, P, Villa, M, Tinelli, M, Perboni, G, Palvarini, L, Costa, P, Puoti, M, Galli, M, Rizzardini, G, Monforte, A, Lazzarin, A, Castagna, A, Gori, A, Minoli, L, Filice, G, Grossi, P, Giacometti, A, Tavio, M, Montroni, M, Butini, L, Osimani, P, Petrelli, E, Chiodera, A, Vittucci, P, Sabbatini, P, Pasqualini, C, Valle, M, Zoppi, M, Mantia, E, Schettino, G, Deseraca, M, Vitullo, D, Bargiacchi, O, Orofino, G, Bramato, C, Busso, M, Salassa, B, Farenga, M, Bonora, S, Leo, G, Poletti, F, Gobber, M, Cristina, G, Gabiano, C, Mian, P, Moling, O, Paternoster, C, Dorigoni, N, Fontana, T, Angarano, G, Ladisa, N, La Rovere, D, Fico, C, Bulla, F, Santantonio, T, Grisorio, B, Chiriacò, P, Congedo, P, Tundo, P, Resta, F, Cristiano, L, Mura, M, Madeddu, G, Mesina, P, Piga, S, Campus, M, Manconi, P, Ortu, F, Salvo, A, Baretti, C, La Sala, R, Bellissima, P, Bonfante, S, Galvagna, S, Celesia, B, La Rosa, R, Maiuzzo, S, Guarnieri, L, Bruno, S, Picerno, I, Tripodi, N, Farinella, E, Occhino, C, Titone, L, Colomba, C, Prestileo, T, Saitta, M, Dones, P, Boncoraglio, R, Davi, A, Franco, A, Portelli, V, Savalli, F, Geraci, C, Chimenti, M, Luchi, S, Catalani, C, Trezzi, M, Aquilini, D, Sani, S, Nencioni, C, Carli, T, Mazzotta, F, Lo Caputo, S, Zuccati, G, Iapoce, R, Consolini, R, Bartolozzi, D, Bartoloni, A, Bartalesi, F, DE LUCA, A, De Martino, M, Tacconi, D, Tini, S, Baldelli, F, Francisci, D, Frongillo, R, Traverso, A, Francavilla, E, Ferretto, R, Marranconi, F, Manfrin, V, Cortese, P, Rossi, C, Cattelan, F, Petrucci, A, Brugnaro, P, Sgarabotto, D, Scaggiante, R, Cattelan, A, Bosco, O, Concia, E, Rovere, P, Regine, Vincenza, Salfa, Maria Cristina, Suligoi, Barbara, and Luzzati, Roberto

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Epidemiology, Cross-sectional study, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MEDLINE, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Anti-Retroviral Agents, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, medicine, HIV Infection, HIV, prevalence, Italy, Cross-Sectional Studie, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), HIV, Retrospective cohort study, Hiv prevalence, Northern italy, Anti-Retroviral Agent, business, Viral load, Human, Demography
Abstract

In 2012, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study to assess the number of people living with HIV linked to care and, among these, the number of people on antiretroviral therapy. The health authority in each of the 20 Italian Regions provided the list of Public Infectious Diseases Clinics providing antiretroviral therapy and monitoring people with HIV infection. We asked every Public Infectious Diseases Clinic to report the number of HIV-positive people diagnosed and linked to care and the number of those on antiretroviral therapy during 2012. In 2012, 94,146 people diagnosed with HIV and linked to care were reported. The majority were males (70.1%), Italians (84.4%), and aged between 25 and 49 years (63.4%); the probable route of transmission was heterosexual contact in 37.5% of cases, injecting drug use in 28.1%, and male-to-male contact in 27.9%. Among people in care, 20.1% had less than 350 CD4 cells/μl, 87.6% received antiretroviral therapy, and among these, 62.4% had a CD4 cell count higher than 350 cells/μl. The overall estimated prevalence of individuals diagnosed and linked to care in 2012 in Italy was 0.16 per 100 residents (all ages). Adding the estimated proportion of undiagnosed people, the estimated HIV prevalence would range between 0.19 and 0.26 per 100 residents. In Italy, the majority of people diagnosed and linked to care receive antiretroviral therapy. A higher prevalence of individuals diagnosed and linked to care was observed in Northern Italy and among males. More information for developing the HIV care continuum is necessary to improve the entire engagement in care, focusing on test-and-treat strategies to substantially reduce the proportion of people still undiagnosed or with a detectable viral load.

Published
2015

18. The epidemiology and surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis in the Campania region of Italy. The value of zymodeme typing

Author

Giovanni Battista Gaeta, S. Scotti, M. Ferrara, R. Pempinello, Marina Gramiccia, S. Altieri, R. Pizzuti, L. di Martino, Luigi Gradoni, Gradoni, L, Pizzuti, R, DI MARTINO, L, Gramiccia, M, Pempinello, R, Gaeta, Giovanni Battista, Ferrara, M, Scotti, S, and Altieri, S.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Veterinary medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Allopurinol, Notifiable disease, Antiprotozoal Agents, Disease cluster, Disease Outbreaks, Meglumine, Environmental health, medicine, Organometallic Compounds, Animals, Humans, Leishmania infantum, Child, Skin Tests, Meglumine Antimoniate, biology, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Leishmaniasis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Isoenzymes, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Visceral leishmaniasis, Italy, Zymodeme typing, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Female, Seasons, Rural area, Research Article
Abstract

SummaryAlthough human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a notifiable disease in Italy, there is evidence that the actual number of cases is far higher than that notified. A programme for active surveillance of VL in the 14 Italian endemic regions was launched by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità. We report data collected during a 3-year period of active surveillance in Campania, a south Tyrrhenian region covering 4·5% of the Italian territory. Out of 120 clinically suspected cases referred to medical and diagnostic references centres, there were 52 confirmed VL cases (17·3/year), i.e. 10-fold more than previously notified. Most of the infection sites were in rural areas or peripheral districts of towns in hilly parts of Naples province. An epidemic cluster of 10 cases was identified in a microfocus of Caserta province. The biochemical analysis of 23Leishmaniastocks showed a zymodeme composition indicating Campania as an old and well-established focus of VL. The data obtained emphasize that the present notification system for VL in Italy is inadequate.

Published
1993

19. Recrudescence of visceral leishmaniasis unrelated to HIV infection in the Campania region of Italy

Author

Giovanni Battista Gaeta, Luigi Gradoni, Aldo Scalone, R. Pizzuti, M. Russo, Marina Gramiccia, R. Pempinello, L. di Martino, Gradoni, L, Pizzuti, R, Scalone, A, Russo, M, Gramiccia, M, DI MARTINO, L, Pempinello, R, and Gaeta, Giovanni Battista

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, HIV Infections, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Epidemiology, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Leishmania infantum, Sida, biology, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Leishmaniasis, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Infectious Diseases, Visceral leishmaniasis, Italy, Immunology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Parasitology, Viral disease, business
Published
1996
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20. EARLY EFFICACY OF LIPOSOMAL AMPHOTERICIN B IN THE TREATMENT OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

Author

R. Pempinello, Robert N. Davidson, Paolo Fiore, Lucio Di Martino, Giovanna Rossi, Loredana Tasso, S. Scotti, Salvatore Mangraviti, Elio Castagnola, Raffaella Giacchino, Luigi Gradoni, Antonio Cascio, CASTAGNOLA E, DAVIDSON R.N, FIORE P, TASSO L, ROSSI G, MANGRAVITI S, DI MARTINO L, SCOTTI S, A. CASCIO, PEMPINELLO R, GRADONI L, and GIACCHINO R

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Antiprotozoal Agents, Severity of Illness Index, Gastroenterology, Amphotericin B, Internal medicine, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Leishmania infantum, Child, leishmaniasis, Drug Carriers, Chemotherapy, biology, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Anemia, Leishmaniasis, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Visceral leishmaniasis, Italy, Child, Preschool, Liposomes, Immunology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Female, Parasitology, Liposomal amphotericin, Hemoglobin, Bone marrow, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

The rapidity and efficacy of a short course of liposomal amphotericin B was evaluated in 29 children affected by visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum). Their overall health status was assessed using the prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI), and their haematological status by the reticulocyte count and haemoglobin blood levels. All these quantities were measured on day 0, and 3 and 10 d after starting therapy. A significant decrease of inflammatory signs, associated with an improved reticulocyte count, was recorded after 3 d of therapy. A significant increase of haemoglobin levels was also observed 10 d after the start of treatment. The early reduction of inflammatory signs and the improvement of bone marrow function in most patients confirmed the validity of amphotericin B therapy. The PINI score is helpful in assessing the severity of visceral leishmaniasis and the follow-up of its treatment.

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