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We investigated spatiotemporal changes in host tissues during foreign body reactions. Silicone tube was subcutaneously embedded into ICR mice, and tissue surrounding silicone (TSS) was observed at 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 43, and 70 days (D) postsurgery. The thin layer (TL) and loose connective tissues (LCTs) (inside and outside the TSS) developed until D21 and densified afterward. Neutrophils infiltrated the TSS until D14 and formed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the TL during D7-21. In the LCTs, mast cell counts increased until D21, and macrophage numbers peaked at D14. Several macrophages showed LYVE-1 expression, supporting a tissue-remodeling role. Developmental indices of collagen fibers (CFs) and reticular fibers (RFs) increased during D2-21. NETs, but not neutrophils, were detected after D28. Mast cell numbers peaked at D43 and were maintained until D70. Myofibroblasts consistently localized to the TL from D14. During D21-28, the area of connective tissue (CNT), and CFs and RFs decreased and increased, respectively, and both remained constant during D28-70. The CF density remained constant from D21 and increased at D70. Thus, TSS showed two phases: inflammation and CNT development (D2-21), and inflammation convergence and CNT stabilization (D28-70). These results provide insights into foreign body reactions in clinical cases.

Quality assurance schemes in major beef producing countries

Le « Meat Livestock Australia » et l’INRA ont organisé un congrès international sur la prédiction de la qualité sensorielle de la viande bovine et ovine pour le consommateur. Durant deux jours, 19 présentations ont souligné que, de nos jours, la viande de ruminant doit répondre aux attentes gustatives des consommateurs qui achètent de la viande rouge pour leurs repas. L'accent a été mis sur le système de prédiction de la qualité MSA (pour Meat Standards Australia) qui a été conçu comme un système de prévision de la qualité sensorielle pour les viandes cuites à consommer dans diverses occasions sans pour autant nécessiter de connaissances spécifiques de la part des consommateurs. Ce congrès a reconnu unanimement la nécessité d’un tel système de prédiction de la qualité des viandes bovines et ovines afin de fidéliser les acheteurs parfois tentés de consommer des viandes blanches moins chères. Les 80 participants au congrès de 17 pays (Australie, Brésil, Canada, Chine, République tchèque, Danemark, France, Italie, Japon, Irlande, Pologne, Portugal, Afrique du Sud, Espagne, Thaïlande, Royaume-Uni, USA) ont travaillé de façon dynamique et collective. En effet, il a été décidé de créer un groupe de travail international avec les pays actuellement impliqués tout en étant ouvert à de nouveaux partenaires afin de mettre en oeuvre les recommandations issues du congrès., Meat & Livestock Australia and Meat Standards Australia and INRA have organized an International meeting on Beef and Lamb carcass grading to underpin consumer satisfaction. The 2 day meeting consisted of 19 presentations centred on the theme that modern beef and lamb products must meet the expectations of consumers who purchase red meat to cook it as a meal solution. The focus was based around the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) grading platform which is designed as a sensory or eating quality grading system for underpinning a cooked meal performance that is matched to the occasion and requires no specialist knowledge by the consumer. This workshop unanimously supported the need for evidence based systems to underpin eating quality for lamb and beef in order to keep consumers purchasing products that are higher in price than the white meat competitors. Registrations were received from 80 people covering 17 countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Republic of Ireland, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States of America) creating a dynamic workshop atmosphere. In order to drive and focus the recommendations which were discussed at the end of the workshop, it was agreed to establish a working group of current collaborating countries that would be open with respect to new partners.

PURPOSE: HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) is a major consequence of diabetic cardiomyopathy with no effective treatments. Here, we have characterized Akita mice as a preclinical model of HFpEF and used it to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the mitochondria-targeted dicarbonyl scavenger, MitoGamide. METHODS AND RESULTS: A longitudinal echocardiographic analysis confirmed that Akita mice develop diastolic dysfunction with reduced E peak velocity, E/A ratio and extended isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), while the systolic function remains comparable with wild-type mice. The myocardium of Akita mice had a decreased ATP/ADP ratio, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress and increased organelle density, compared with that of wild-type mice. MitoGamide, a mitochondria-targeted 1,2-dicarbonyl scavenger, exhibited good stability in vivo, uptake into cells and mitochondria and reactivity with dicarbonyls. Treatment of Akita mice with MitoGamide for 12 weeks significantly improved the E/A ratio compared with the vehicle-treated group. CONCLUSION: Our work confirms that the Akita mouse model of diabetes replicates key clinical features of diabetic HFpEF, including cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, in this independent study, MitoGamide treatment improved diastolic function in Akita mice.

Purpose: HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) is a major consequence of diabetic cardiomyopathy with no effective treatments. Here, we have characterized Akita mice as a preclinical model of HFpEF and used it to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the mitochondria-targeted dicarbonyl scavenger, MitoGamide. Methods and Results: A longitudinal echocardiographic analysis confirmed that Akita mice develop diastolic dysfunction with reduced E peak velocity, E/A ratio and extended isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), while the systolic function remains comparable with wild-type mice. The myocardium of Akita mice had a decreased ATP/ADP ratio, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress and increased organelle density, compared with that of wild-type mice. MitoGamide, a mitochondria-targeted 1,2-dicarbonyl scavenger, exhibited good stability in vivo, uptake into cells and mitochondria and reactivity with dicarbonyls. Treatment of Akita mice with MitoGamide for 12 weeks significantly improved the E/A ratio compared with the vehicle-treated group. Conclusion: Our work confirms that the Akita mouse model of diabetes replicates key clinical features of diabetic HFpEF, including cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, in this independent study, MitoGamide treatment improved diastolic function in Akita mice.

Purpose: HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) is a major consequence of diabetic cardiomyopathy with no effective treatments. Here, we have characterized Akita mice as a preclinical model of HFpEF and used it to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the mitochondria-targeted dicarbonyl scavenger, MitoGamide. Methods and Results: A longitudinal echocardiographic analysis confirmed that Akita mice develop diastolic dysfunction with reduced E peak velocity, E/A ratio and extended isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), while the systolic function remains comparable with wild-type mice. The myocardium of Akita mice had a decreased ATP/ADP ratio, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress and increased organelle density, compared with that of wild-type mice. MitoGamide, a mitochondria-targeted 1,2-dicarbonyl scavenger, exhibited good stability in vivo, uptake into cells and mitochondria and reactivity with dicarbonyls. Treatment of Akita mice with MitoGamide for 12 weeks significantly improved the E/A ratio compared with the vehicle-treated group. Conclusion: Our work confirms that the Akita mouse model of diabetes replicates key clinical features of diabetic HFpEF, including cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, in this independent study, MitoGamide treatment improved diastolic function in Akita mice.