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Background: The national health care response to coronavirus (COVID-19) has varied between countries. The United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands (NL) have comparable maternity and neonatal care systems, and experienced similar numbers of COVID-19 infections, but had different organisational responses to the pandemic. Understanding why and how similarities and differences occurred in these two contexts could inform optimal care in normal circumstances, and during future crises. Aim: To compare the UK and Dutch COVID-19 maternity and neonatal care responses in three key domains: choice of birthplace, companionship, and families in vulnerable situations. Method: A multi-method study, including documentary analysis of national organisation policy and guidance on COVID-19, and interviews with national and regional stakeholders. Findings: Both countries had an infection control focus, with less emphasis on the impact of restrictions. Differences included care providers’ fear of contracting COVID-19; the extent to which personalised care was embedded in the care system before the pandemic; and how far multidisciplinary collaboration and service-user involvement were prioritised. Conclusion: We recommend that countries should 1) make a systematic plan for crisis decision-making before a serious event occurs, and that this must include authentic service-user involvement, multidisciplinary collaboration, and protection of staff wellbeing 2) integrate women’s and families’ values into the maternity and neonatal care system, ensuring equitable inclusion of the most vulnerable and 3) strengthen community provision to ensure system wide resilience to future shocks from pandemics, or other unexpected large-scale events.

Objetivo: La incertidumbre de una posible transmisión posnatal por SARS-CoV-2 genera un desafío entre aplicar o evitar los cuidados esenciales del recién nacido para prevenir la transmisión. La revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo describir el impacto de los cuidados esenciales del neonato en la transmisión posnatal del SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en bases de datos electrónicas, se incluyeron estudios observacionales, serie de casos y reporte de casos. Dos investigadores de forma independiente evaluaron los criterios de inclusión, la calidad metodológica y la extracción de datos. Resultados: Se tamizaron 208 estudios para una inclusión final de 9 artículos relevantes. El reporte de transmisión del virus SARS-CoV-2 está centrado en la posibilidad de transferencia por la leche materna y ausencia de información acerca de la transmisión por otros cuidados esenciales, sin embargo, se observa un bajo uso en la práctica clínica de los cuidados esenciales del recién nacido hijo de madre con COVID- 19. Conclusiones: La información es limitada sobre la posible transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 a través de los cuidados esenciales del recién nacido, sin embargo, la pandemia ha impactado de forma importante los mismos. Según los hallazgos en la literatura, es mayor el beneficio de estas intervenciones y las recomendaciones científicas promueven su aplicación empleando las medidas de protección personal para la madre y el personal de salud.

BackgroundHaiti has the highest rate of neonatal mortality in the Latin America and Caribbean region. While the rate of facility births in Haiti has doubled over the past two decades, there have been no comparable reductions in maternal or neonatal mortality. Little data is available on the clinical characteristics of complications and morbidities among newborns requiring hospitalization after birth and their contribution to neonatal mortality. There is a need to better understand the status of newborn clinical care capacity in Haiti to prioritize training and resources.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational cohort study of neonates admitted to a large public referral hospital in southern Haiti in the first 2 years of operation of a new neonatal unit that we established. All neonate cases hospitalized in the unit in these 2 years were reviewed and analyzed to identify their clinical characteristics and outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors of hospital mortality. We present the outcomes for 1399 neonates admitted to the unit during August 2017 and August 2019.ResultsThe leading cause of death was prematurity, followed by hypoxia and infection. Inborn neonates had better rates of hospital survival than those born elsewhere; they were also more likely to be born via cesarean section and to be admitted immediately following birth. There were no differences between the proportion of premature or low-birth-weight babies born at the hospital or elsewhere. Mortality in the second year of the unit’s operation was 12%, almost half that of the first year (21%). Multivariable regression analysis showed that mortality was consistently higher among premature and very low birthweight babies.ConclusionsWith modest investments, we were able to halve the mortality on a neonatal unit in Haiti. Resources are needed to address prematurity as an important outcome since hospital mortality was significant in this group. To this end, investment in uninterrupted supplies of oxygen and antibiotics, as well as ensuring adequate newborn resuscitation, infection control, laboratory testing, and timely morbidity and mortality reviews would go a long way toward lowering hospital mortality in Haiti.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine what practices and how mothers do after birth for baby care and to evaluate their needs in this regard. Methods: The study was conducted qualitatively phenomenological. The sample consisted of 19 mothers who gave birth in Burdur Province Bucak State Hospital between February 2022 and June 2022 and were discharged with their baby, who agreed to be interviewed. The discharged mothers were contacted by phone and an appointment was made. Data were collected by interviewing online with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. Qualitative data obtained during the research were analyzed using descriptive analysis method and sociodemographic information was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In the study, three frameworks were determined, namely, practices for postnatal baby care, baby feeding practices, safety practices, and hygienic care practices. All of the mothers gave breast milk to their babies and expressed that breast milk was beneficial. The most important care problems experienced in the first week after discharge were determined as "cracks in the mother's breast and diaper rash in the baby's diaper area". As a basic education, they wanted to take bath education. Conclusion: As a result of the interviews, mothers; breast-feeding, burping the baby, taking care of the baby and taking a bath. It was determined that mothers may need breastfeeding support, sub-care of the baby and understanding the danger signs of the baby in the first week after discharge.

Objective: To compare women's perspectives on the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) around the time of childbirth across Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS-II) regions in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Women participating in the cross-sectional IMAgiNE EURO study who gave birth in Portugal from March 1, 2020, to October 28, 2021, completed a structured questionnaire with 40 key WHO standards-based quality measures. Four domains of QMNC were assessed: (1) provision of care; (2) experience of care; (3) availability of human and physical resources; and (4) reorganizational changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Frequencies for each quality measure within each QMNC domain were computed overall and by region. Results: Out of 1845 participants, one-third (33.7%) had a cesarean. Examples of high-quality care included: low frequencies of lack of early breastfeeding and rooming-in (8.0% and 7.7%, respectively) and informal payment (0.7%); adequate staff professionalism (94.6%); adequate room comfort and equipment (95.2%). However, substandard practices with large heterogeneity across regions were also reported. Among women who experienced labor, the percentage of instrumental vaginal births ranged from 22.3% in the Algarve to 33.5% in Center; among these, fundal pressure ranged from 34.8% in Lisbon to 66.7% in Center. Episiotomy was performed in 39.3% of noninstrumental vaginal births with variations between 31.8% in the North to 59.8% in Center. One in four women reported inadequate breastfeeding support (26.1%, ranging from 19.4% in Algarve to 31.5% in Lisbon). One in five reported no exclusive breastfeeding at discharge (22.1%; 19.5% in Lisbon to 28.2% in Algarve). Conclusion: Urgent actions are needed to harmonize QMNC and reduce inequities across regions in Portugal.

Úvod: Článek se zaměřuje na význam péče porodní asistentky u žen v šestinedělí v prevenci poporodní deprese. Tato péče je převážně preventivní a velké místo zaujímá edukace. Správnou edukací a využíváním preventivních strategií se dokáží minimalizovat či včas rozpoznat mnohé komplikace či problémy jako je například poporodní deprese. Metodika: Metodou výzkumu byl kontrolovaný ošetřovatelský experiment. Podstatou bylo porovnání dvou rozdílných skupin a zjištění, do jaké míry se péče porodní asistentky podílí na prevenci vzniku poporodní deprese. Experimentální skupinu tvořilo 100 žen s péčí porodní asistentky v šestinedělí, kde proběhly tři návštěvy v období šestinedělí, při kterých byla na zhodnocení psychického stavu použita Edinburghská škála poporodní deprese EPDS. Kontrolní skupinu tvořilo 100 žen bez péče porodní asistentky v šestinedělí. Těmto ženám byl na konci šestinedělí zaslán dotazník společně se škálou EPDS. Výsledky: Byla zjištěna statisticky významná souvislost mezi rizikem poporodní deprese a problémy s péčí o novorozence (p=0,016). Také byl zjištěn statisticky významný rozdíl ve výskytu problémů s péčí o novorozence dle přítomnosti porodní asistentky (p =0.005) a péčí porodní asistentky v oblasti kojení (p=0,049). Rozložení výsledků škály EPDS se statisticky významně nelišilo (p = 0,775) v závislosti na péči porodní asistentky. Závěr: Výsledky ukázaly, že péče porodní asistentky vede k prevenci zdravotních komplikací u žen v šestinedělí. Péčí porodní asistentky nedochází k častější identifikaci poporodní deprese, ale můžeme říci, že dochází k časnějšímu rozpoznání příznaků a zahájení léčby. Porodní asistentka také dokáže svojí péčí snížit predispozice ke vzniku poporodní deprese. U žen, které porodní asistentka navštěvovala, se v menší míře ukázaly problémy s kojením či s péčí o novorozence, což patří mezi prediktory rizika vzniku poporodní deprese. Introduction: The article focuses on the importance of midwife care for women in the puerperium period for the prevention of postpartum depression. This care is mostly preventive; therefore, education occupies an important place. Using appropriate education and preventive strategies, many complications or problems, such as postpartum depression, can be minimized or recognized in time. Methodology: The research method was a controlled nursing experiment. The essence was to compare two different groups and find out to what extent the care of a midwife contributes to the prevention of postpartum depression. The experimental group consisted of 100 women with the care of a midwife in the puerperium period, where three visits took place during the puerperium period, throughout which the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale EPDS was used to assess mental health. The control group consisted of 100 women without the care of a midwife in the puerperium period. A questionnaire was sent to these women at the end of the sixth week, along with an EPDS scale. Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between the risk of postpartum depression and problems with neonatal care (p = 0.016). There was also a statistically significant difference in the incidence of problems with newborn care according to the presence of a midwife (p = 0.005) and midwifery care in the area of breastfeeding (p = 0.049). The distribution of the results of the EPDS scale did not differ statistically significantly (p = 0.775) depending on the care of a midwife. Conclusion: The results showed that the care of a midwife leads to the prevention of health complications in women in the puerperium period. The care of a midwife does not lead to the identification of postpartum depression more often, but symptoms are recognized earlier, and treatment is started. A midwife's care can also reduce the predisposition to postpartum depression. Women attended to by a midwife showed fewer problems with breastfeeding or newborn care, which are two of the predictors of postpartum depression risks.

Introduction: Globally every year about four million neonates die in the first 28 days of life and similar number of babies is stillborn. Most neonatal deaths (99%) occur in low income and middle-income countries. The global neonatal mortality rate is 18, in Africa it is 26.7 and in Ethiopia, it is 30 per 1000 live births in 2019. In Ethiopia, neonatal mortality remains high and accounts for about half of the under-five mortality. There are relatively fewer studies regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers towards newborn care in Ethiopia. However, no such study has been done in Harari region. So, this study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of newborn care among postnatal mothers in Harari regional state, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among postnatal mothers who were randomly selected from Jugal hospital. A systematic random sampling method was followed. A pre-tested questionnaire was used. Data was entered, cleaned and analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 414 postnatal mothers were interviewed with a response rate of 98.1%, among them 74% had good knowledge, 77.14% had positive attitude and 65.45% had good practice of newborn care. Conclusions: This study indicated that nearly half and above respondents had good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice of newborn care, but a substantial number of postpartum mothers had poor knowledge and practice on newborn care in Harari Region. Therefore, provision of information, education and communication and regular training and workshops about newborn care should be done to health professional working at MCH unit in order to increase the awareness of mothers through health education.

Despite remarkable gains, improving neonatal survival globally remains slow paced. Innovative service-delivery packages have been developed for community health workers (CHWs) to maximize system efficiency and increase the reach of services. However, embedding these in health systems needs structural and procedural alignment. The Community-Based Newborn Care (CBNC) programme was a response to high neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. Key aspects include simplified treatment for neonatal illness, integrated outreach services and task-shifting. Using the CHW functionality model by WHO, this study evaluates the health system response to the programme, including quality of care. A before-and-after study was conducted with three survey time points: baseline (November 2013), midline (December 2015) and follow-up (December 2017—4 years after the programme started). Data were collected at a sample of primary healthcare facilities from 101 districts across four regions. Analysis took two perspectives: (1) health system response, through supplies, infrastructure support and supervision, assessed through interviews and observations at health facilities and (2) quality of care, through CHWs’ theoretical capacity to deliver services, as well as their performance, assessed through functional health literacy and direct observation of young infant case management. Results showed gains in services for young infants, with antibiotics and job aids available at over 90% of health centres. However, services at health posts remained inadequate in 2017. In terms of quality of care, only 37% of CHWs correctly diagnosed key conditions in sick young infants at midline. CHWs’ functional health literacy declined by over 70% in basic aspects of case management during the study. Although the frequency of quarterly supportive supervision visits was above 80% during 2013–2017, visits lacked support for managing sick young infants. Infrastructure and resources improved over the course of the CBNC programme implementation. However, embedding and scaling up the programme lacked the systems-thinking and attention to health system building-blocks needed to optimize service delivery.

Resumen: En neonatología, al igual que en otras especialidades, hay indicaciones y prácticas que son aplicadas sin tener evidencia científica. En este artículo se analizan algunas de ellas con la metodología “Critical Appraisal Topic” (CAT), se presenta la evidencia encontrada y la conclusión basada en esta evidencia.Resultados de la búsqueda: - El baño del recién nacido se puede efectuar a partir de las 24 horas de vida sin riesgo y con beneficios asociados. - Es preferible el aseo en seco del cordón umbilical que con antisépticos en países con buenos índices de salud y baja tasa de onfalitis. - La caída tardía del cordón umbilical, por sí solo y sin estar asociado a otras infecciones, no se relaciona a inmunodeficiencias. - No se encuentra evidencia que contraindique la salida habitual fuera del hogar durante el periodo neonatal. - El papiloma preauricular aislado no se asocia a malformaciones del sistema nefrourinario. - No hay evidencia científica acerca de la cantidad de abrigo óptimo del neonato y lactante, encontrándose sólo recomendaciones de experto. Sin embargo, existe evidencia sobre asociación entre muerte súbita y temperatura ambiental. Conclusión: A partir de estos resultados, se demuestra que deben cuestionarse estas creencias y muchas otras prácticas clínicas habituales. Debe buscarse evidencia científica para hacer recomendaciones que faciliten el cuidado de los pacientes y eviten daño, además de no caer en prácticas que implican mayores costos. Summary: In neonatology, as in other specialties, there are indications and clinical practices that are applied without having solid scientific evidence. In this article, we analyzed common clinical practices with Critical Appraisal Topic (CAT) methodology. Our conclusions are based on the following evidence:Search results: - Newborn's first bath can be carried out after 24 hours of life without risk and with associated benefits. - Dry cleansing of the umbilical cord is preferable to antiseptics in countries with good health indices and a low rate of omphalitis. - Delayed umbilical cord drop, by itself and not associated with other infections, is not related with immunodeficiencies. - No evidence of contraindications for taking newborns outside their homes during their neonatal period was found. - Isolated preauricular papilloma is not associated with nephrourinary system malformations. - There is no scientific evidence about the optimal amount of neonatal and infant clothing, only expert recommendations. However, there is evidence of an association between environmental temperature and sudden infant death. Conclusions: Based on these results, we presented proof that these common clinical practices, and many others, should be questioned. Scientific evidence should be seeked in order to make better recommendations for patients that will aid them in their care and with their child, and concurrently avoid harm and higher costs.

COVID-19 has afflicted the health of children and women across all age groups. Since the outbreak of the pandemic in December 2019, various epidemiologic, immunologic, clinical, and pharmaceutical studies have been conducted to understand its infectious characteristics, pathogenesis, and clinical profile. COVID-19 affects pregnant women more seriously than nonpregnant women, endangering the health of the newborn. Changes have been implemented to guidelines for antenatal care of pregnant women, delivery, and newborn care. We highlight the current trends of clinical care in pregnant women and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The survival of small and sick babies has increased over the last two decades, though at the cost of increasing the burden of neuro-morbidities. Early intervention (EI) capitalises on the unique characteristic of neuroplasticity that ameliorates the effect of insult to the developing brain during fetal and early infancy period. EI provides positive sensorimotor experiences and promotes neuro-behavioural maturation which can greatly mitigate adverse outcomes for these at-risk babies. EI includes nurturing care delivered through the antenatal period continuing into a developmentally supportive environment and family centred care for the small and sick baby in the new-born care unit and continuing up to 3 years of life. Although the concept is now well understood, these practices still lack consistency and standardization across the units.

Background: Several mothers do not adhere to the standard medical advice given by health professionals as observed during medical practice and tend to follow potential harmful practices during the postnatal period. Little evidence is available in the state of Goa on the various traditional practices observed by mothers post-delivery.Aim: To identify and explore various traditional beliefs and practices concerning newborn care and postpartum period among postnatal mothers at South Goa District Hospital.Materials and Method: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months using convenient sampling among admitted postnatal mothers. Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using SPSS version 22.Results: Majority of the study participants breastfed their newborn babies within 24 hours of childbirth (97.50%). 96.25% of the mothers fed colostrum to their newborn babies. A significant proportion of mothers used new washed clothes for their babies (83.75%) and bathed them five days post-delivery (72.5%). No dressing was applied to baby’s umbilical stump (58.75%). Postpartum home confinement with newborn baby for 40 days was observed by 22.5% of the mothers. Mothers applied kajal to the baby’s face and eyes (50%), used bangles (35%) and anklets (16.25%) to protect baby from evil eye.Conclusion: The study highlighted the need for awareness of health professionals about the popular traditional practices observed among postnatal mothers in order to eliminate possible harmful practices and reinforce beneficial practices for a healthy postpartum period for the mother. How to cite this article: Vernekar PP, Cacodcar JA, Panandikar M, Almeida I. A Study on Traditional Beliefs and Practices during the Postpartum Period among Mothers at a District Hospital in Goa. Int J Preven Curat Comm Med. 2021;7(3):1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.325X.202111

Background: The majority of neonatal deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. Availability of qualified human resources along with maternal and child health services are essential to curb these deaths. The study objective was to determine the availability of human resources and services for newborn care in Primary Health Care facilities in Jos North Local Government Area. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Primary Health Care facilities offering immediate newborn care. A stratified sampling technique was used to select 67 and 60 healthcare workers in 30 public and 30 private facilities respectively. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: The majority, 85(66.9%) of the healthcare workers were Community Health Extension Workers. There were 16(12.6%) midwives and 1(0.8%) medical doctors. In-service training on newborn care had been received by 69(54.3%) respondents, while 22(17.3%) respondents had received training on essential newborn care. Only twenty (33.3%) facilities discharge mother and newborn 24 hours after normal delivery. Postnatal services provided included early initiation of breastfeeding by 116(91.3%) respondents. Preventive services included chlorhexidine cord care given by 86(67.7%) respondents while 27(21.3%) and 26(20.5%) gave erythromycin/ tetracycline eye prophylaxis and vitamin k1 respectively. Conclusion: Community Health Extension Workers were the major human resource for immediate newborn care; further research to determine their knowledge and skills are needed. The preventive neonatal services were few. More preventive care and 24-hour postnatal care are advocated as strategies to improve newborn outcomes.

Introduction : La période postnatale immédiate est une étape fondamentale d’adaptation physiologique et psychologique pour le nouveau-né. La plupart des difficultés d'adaptation à la vie extra-utérine sont prévisibles et doivent être anticipées. Le but de cette étude était de contribuer à l’amélioration des pratiques de soins essentiels aux nouveau-nés dans le centre de santé communautaire et universitaire (CSCom-U) de Konobougou. Matériel et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude de recherche action qui s’est déroulée dans la maternité du CSCom U de Konobougou dans le district sanitaire de Barouéli/Région de Ségou du 01 décembre 2020 au 31 janvier 2021. Nous avons introduit dans cette étude 32 mères et 8 agents de santé. Résultats : Les matrones étaient plus représentées avec 62,5% suivies des sages-femmes avec 25%. Avant l’enquête tous les matériels étaient disponibles sauf la sonde naso-gastrique. Suite à notre recommandation l’équipe a décidé de s’en procurer une, ce qui a permis de porter la disponibilité des matériels à 100%. A la phase initiale de l’étude, 25% des mères enquêtées avaient reçu des consignes sur les soins du cordon ombilical, suite à la mise à niveau des prestataires nous avons obtenu une augmentation de 75% à la phase finale soit 100%. Conclusion : Les soins essentiels du nouveau-né restaient insuffisants pour déficit de formation initiale et/ou conti­nue d’une part et pour instabilité du personnel d’autre part. Ainsi, nous avons recommandé une mise en place de programme de formation continue et de suivi-évaluation destiné aux prestataires. Mots clés : Soins essentiels, nouveau-nés, centre de communautaire et universitaire, Konobougou

The care of late preterm and term newborns delivered in hospital settings in the United States is largely standardized with many routine interventions and screenings that are evidence-based and serve to protect newborn's and the public's health. Refusals of various aspects of routine newborn care are uncommon but can be challenging for clinicians who care for newborns to navigate for many reasons. In this article, we describe the spectrum of refusal. We review suggested approaches that clinicians can take starting with increasing their own awareness of what specific components of newborn care are refused and why.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding newborn care. Quasi experimental one group pre and post test research design was used. The study population comprised of primi gravida women those who are attending antenatal. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding newborn care. Quasi experimental one group pre and post test research design was used. The study population comprised of primi gravida women those who are attending antenatal OPD’s at PESIMSR, Kuppam, A.P. 60 primi gravida women were included for the study by using simple random sampling technique lottery method. The pre test and post test data was collected through structured interview questionnaire method among primi gravida women, video assisted teaching was administered. The study results revealed that in comparing the pre test and post test knowledge score were significant; hence it is concluded that the video assisted teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge regarding newborn born care among primi gravida women.

Almost every parent feels the joy of welcoming their healthy baby. On the other hand, the presence of the baby also raises worry and sadness regarding his care. This Scoping Review aims to collect and map the literature on the care of newborns by primiparous mothers in developing countries. Review and group of literature based on the Arksey and O'Malley framework using 3 databases, namely Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Wiley, and Gray Literature from Google Scholar. Based on 7 articles included, it is known that the knowledge of primipara mothers in the country developed quite high. it was found that several traditional practices were not under WHO recommendations.

Background: The advancements in intensive care in recent decades have enabled better survival of newborn. Knowledge of essential newborn care is important for the survival, growth, and development of a newborn. In spite of its essentiality, most health-care professionals do not know and follow the World Health Organization recommendation. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of nurses regarding essential newborn Care in Special Care Neonatal Units (SCANU). Materials and methods: This observational study was conducted among the nurses working in SCANU of Chattogram Medical College and Hospital, Chattogram Maa- O- Shishu Hospital and Bangabandu memorial hospital of University of Science and Technology, Chattogram (USTC) for 6 months. Purposive sampling technique were applied for selecting the sample. A structured data sheet was predesigned to collect data. Knowledge regarding Essential Newborn Care among the nurses graded as satisfactory or not satisfactory. Results: In this study it was observed that 69.0% nurses had completed diploma in nursing and midwife education, B. Sc in nursing 11.0%, diploma in nursing 7.0%. 56.0% nurses attended special courses/training in neonatology. 94.75% of the nurses had satisfactory knowledge regarding essential newborn care. 58.0% of nurses washed their hands with disinfectant solution before handling the baby, 99.0% mentioned that the baby must be breast feeding within 1st hour of delivery, 92.0% mentioned that baby must be fed 6 months of exclusive breast feed, 91.0% knew how to stabilize body temperature of low birth weight newborn. The knowledge regarding essential newborn care were almost similar with age, gender, religion, marital status, educational level, working place and attending special courses/training in neonatology. Conclusion: Most of the nurses working in SCANU of both Government and non-government hospitals of Chattogram have good knowledge regarding ENC. This knowledge appeared irrespective of their age, gender, religion, marital status, working place and special courses/training in neonatology. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(3): 185-192

This study was undertaken to determine the impact of an educational intervention on health care workers' level of satisfaction with the training and the new knowledge gained regarding newborn care. A pre- and post-training knowledge survey, a ‘satisfaction’ survey and group discussions were conducted with 38 health workers at Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Plateau state, Nigeria. The content included in the training were rated as either ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’ by the majority (94.6%) of the participants. The majority (83.7%) strongly agreed that they would be able to apply most of the material learned to their job. And lastly, the mean post-training score (21.42 ± 1.08) was higher that the pre-training score (17.95 ± 3.08). The newborn care training resulted in a positive experience for the participants and improved their knowledge about newborn care. This study has potentially laid a foundation for positive behaviour change and improved neonatal care and survival in Nigeria.

Background Quality of essential newborn care is defined as the extent of health care services to improve the health of newborns. However, studies are scarce regarding the quality of newborn care implementation. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the magnitude and factors associated with essential newborn care implementation perceived quality among health facility deliveries in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 370 randomly selected deliveries in 11 health facilities from November 2018 to March 2019. Essential newborn care implementation perceived quality was assessed in two domains (delivery and process) from clients’ perspectives. A pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was adopted from different kinds of literature and guidelines. The research data were collected by trained midwives and nurses. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors with newborn care implementation perceived quality. Odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to assess the strength and significant level of the association at p-value, Plain language summary Essential newborn care is a set of practices provided by healthcare workers and mothers to every newborn during delivery. Studies are scarce regarding the quality of newborn care implementation. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the magnitude and factors associated with essential newborn care implementation perceived quality among health facility deliveries in Northwest Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 370 randomly selected deliveries in 11 health facilities. A pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was adopted from different kinds of literature and guidelines. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to assess the strength and significant level of the association at p-value

(1) Background: There is a high neonatal mortality rate in countries with low resources, especially sub-Saharan countries. There is no published data in Sudan on mothers’ knowledge and practice of essential newborn care. This study aimed to assess the maternal knowledge and practice of essential newborn care in Gadarif city, eastern Sudan. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gadarif city, eastern Sudan. Postnatal mothers (384) were recruited from postnatal and vaccination clinics. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Mothers who responded to essential newborn care knowledge and practice items at a rate equal to 75% or above were classified as having good knowledge and practice. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with essential newborn care knowledge and practice. (3) Results: In this study, 268 (66.4%) and 245 (63.8%) of the 384 participants had good knowledge and practice of essential newborn care, respectively. None of the investigated factors (age, residence, education, occupation, parity, antenatal care, and mode of delivery) was associated with knowledge and practice of essential newborn care with sociodemographic and obstetric factors. Mothers with poor knowledge were less likely to have good practices (adjusted odds ratios = 0.41; 95% CI (0.26–0.64)). The reported malpractices were giving dietary supplements to the babies (48.2%), mainly water (40.0%) and cow’s milk (43.2%), and putting substances on the umbilical cord (62.8%), with butter (92.1%) accounting for the majority. (4) Conclusion: In the present study, around two-thirds of the participants had good essential newborn care knowledge and practice. Poor knowledge was less likely to be associated with good newborn care practices. More research is needed to build baseline data for neonatal mortality reduction plans.

The healthy development of the attachment which starts in the prenatal period and continues after the birth strengthens, positively supports the newborn care and contributes to raising healthy individuals in the future. This study was carried out to determine the effect of mother-fetus attachment that develops during pregnancy on mother-infant attachment in the postpartum period. This descriptive, correlational and longitudinal study was conducted with 150 volunteer mothers who could be reached again within 1-4 months after birth. Data were collected by the Questionnaire Form, the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) and the Maternal Attachment Scale (MAS). When the relationship between participants' PAI (41.20 ± 11.35) and MAS (26.05 ± 5.13) point averages was examined, it was observed that there was a weak, positive and statistically significant relationship between the two scales (

Neonatal mortality is one of the leading causes of under-five mortality globally, with the majority of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In Ghana, there is a belief in an array of newborn conditions, called Asram, that are thought to have a spiritual, rather than physical, cause. These conditions are predominantly managed by traditional healers as they are considered unable to be treated by allopathic medical providers. Through a series of semi-structured qualitative interviews of medical providers in Kumasi, Ghana, conducted in July–August 2018, this study sought to elucidate perspectives of allopathic medical providers about Asram, including the perceived implications of traditional newborn care patterns on newborn health and higher-level neonatal care. Twenty health care providers participated and represented a tertiary care hospital and a district hospital. Medical providers were universally aware of Asram but varied on the latitude they gave this belief system within the arena of newborn care. Some providers rationalized the existence of Asram in the backdrop of high neonatal mortality rates and long-standing belief systems. Others highlighted their frustration with Asram, citing delays in care and complications due to traditional medical treatments. Providers utilized varying approaches to bridge culture gaps with families in their care and emphasized the importance of open communication with the shared goal of improved newborn health and survival. This study describes the importance of providers being aware of socio-cultural constructs within which pregnant women operate and suggests a focus on the shared goal of timely and effective newborn care in Ghana.

Globally, it is estimated that 15 million babies are born prematurely each year. Approximately one million of these newborns die due to complications of preterm birth, and these deaths occur disproportionately in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).1 Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common cause of death among those born preterm, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been established as an effective therapy for reducing mortality and morbidity from RDS among preterm neonates.2 Unfortunately, the high cost of conventional CPAP devices has limited its availability in low-resource settings.3 To fill this gap, multiple low-cost, effective and safe CPAP devices have emerged, although this space remains an area for active innovation and development. In this paper, we focus on the use of the target product profile (TPP) as a tool for aligning innovators and other stakeholders for product innovation. As a funding organisation, we are invested in the implementation of technology products that improve health outcomes at scale. We have observed the presence of multiple CPAP products without clear alignment on the key features and specifications, nor the systemic and delivery factors required for successful implementation.4 This has resulted in a major barrier to large scale uptake and implementation of CPAP devices for the treatment of RDS in preterm infants in LMICs. Newborn technology design for respiratory distress can be done in a purposeful way. While clinical guidelines and recommendations on the clinical use of CPAP for newborn care are available, there is insufficient guidance to align innovators, investors and other stakeholders developing new product prototypes. The WHO (2015) issued a recommendation on the use of CPAP for the treatment of preterm newborns with RDS immediately on diagnosis. It includes provision of blended oxygen, monitoring of oxygen saturation and cardiorespiratory status, and use in facilities that can provide quality …

To develop a composite index that serves as a proxy marker of quality of clinical service and pilot test its use in 11 special neonatal care units (SNCUs) across two states in India. Secondary data from SNCU webportal. Special new-born care units in Rajasthan and Orissa. We developed a composite SNCU Quality of care Index (SQCI) based on seven indices from SNCU online database. These included rational admission index, index for rational use of antibiotics, inborn birth asphyxia index, index for mortality in normal weight babies, low birth weight admission index, low birth weight survival index, and optimal bed utilization index. Based on the SQCI score, the performance of SNCUs was labelled as good (SQCI 0.71–1.0), satisfactory (SQCI 0.4–0.7) or unsatisfactory (SQCI

Tadesse Guadu Delele,1 Gashaw Andargie Biks,2 Solomon Mekonnen Abebe,3 Zemene Tigabu Kebede4 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Health System and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3Departments of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 4Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tadesse Guadu DeleleDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, EthiopiaEmail tadeguade2@gmail.comBackground: Despite the efforts put forth in improving neonatal survival, there is still a high rate of neonatal morbidity and mortality in northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the essential newborn care service readiness scores and explore the health facility-related barriers in North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 16 health facilities (14 health centers and two hospitals) and twelve in-depth interviews were included in the study in three randomly selected districts of North Gondar Zone. A pretested health facility inventory questionnaire customized from the World Health Organization (WHO) service readiness assessment tool was used for a facility audit. Basic emergency and essential obstetric and newborn care (BEmONC), and child immunization service readiness scores were determined using unweighted averages according to the WHO guideline. Descriptive statistics were done for the quantitative data, and thematic content analysis was employed using NVivo 12 software for the qualitative data.Results: All the surveyed health facilities had no specialist medical doctors, and 50% (8/16) of them had no inpatient beds. The overall BEmONC service readiness score was 62.7% (10/16) (95% CI: 34.8, 83.8) and only one facility had all the tracer items. Trained staff and guidelines had a 27.5% (4/16) readiness score, followed by 71.9% (12/16) readiness score for equipment, and 88.6% (14/16) readiness score for medicine and commodities. The overall child immunization service readiness score was 90.3% (15/16) (95% CI: 51.4, 94.7) and eleven facilities (68.8%) had all the tracer items. The immunization service readiness score was higher; 84.4% (14/16) for trained staff and guidelines, 92.8% (15/16) for equipment, and 93.8% (15/16) for medicines and commodities. Unavailability of equipment, shortage of supplies, and lack of respectful and compassionate healthcare practices were the key facility-related barriers compromising essential newborn care service readiness.Conclusions for Practice: The survey revealed that the essential newborn care service readiness score of the health facilities was low, and it calls for improving BEmONC service readiness in particular. Provision of timely training for newly recruited staff, fulfilling essential equipment, and steady supply is imperative.Keywords: basic emergency, essential obstetric, newborn care, immunization, service readiness, barriers

Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de la atención a neonatos con indicadores de proceso, en patologías seleccionadas. Ma­terial y métodos. Evaluación multicéntrica, transversal de nueve indicadores en 28 hospitales de 11 entidades de México. Se utilizó Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) para estándares de calidad y muestra por hospital. Casos seleccio­nados al azar del Subsistema Automatizado de Egresos Hos­pitalarios. Se clasifican hospitales como “cumplimiento con estándar”/“no cumplimiento” por indicador y, cumplimiento con IC95% exacto binomial, regional y nacional, según mues­treo estratificado no proporcional. Resultados. Ningún indicador cumple el estándar de 75% en hospitales, con 0 a 19 hospitales que cumplen, según indicador. Excepto la iden­tificación oportuna de asfixia perinatal e inicio de antibiótico correcto en sospecha de sepsis temprana, el cumplimiento es

La facomatosis pigmentovascular tipo cesioflamea se caracteriza por la presencia de una malformación vascular capilar superficial, que coexiste en la misma superficie cutánea con una melanocitosis dérmica o un nevo anémico. A su vez, esta entidad puede estar asociada a alteraciones de índole sistémico, especialmente del sistema nervioso central. Su incidencia y prevalencia son desconocidas por su baja frecuencia; sin embargo, reviste de gran importancia para los profesionales de la salud relacionados con la atención de recién nacidos. A continuación, se describe el caso de un neonato a término de 5 días de vida, que nació con una mácula azul-grisácea de gran extensión, superpuesta a una mácula eritematoviolácea, que afectaba al tronco y a las extremidades, respetando la cara, las palmas y las plantas. El diagnóstico final se hizo con base en la clínica y los paraclínicos ordenados, donde se descartó compromiso extracutáneo por medio de resonancia magnética cerebral y de columna total contrastada, fundoscopia y ecografía ocular.

Kangaroo care (KC) or kangaroo mother care (KMC), sometimes called skin-to-skin contact, is a technique of newborn care where babies are kept chest-to-chest and skin-to-skin with a parent. The rese...

Components of essential newborn care (ENC) and neonatal resuscitation are proven interventions for reducing neonatal mortality rate and stillbirth rates. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 354 rural mothers to assess the level of knowledge and practice of ENC. The study was conducted from 1st January to 31st December 2019 in Panchagarh district. Rural mothers were interviewed with a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire and an observational check list was also used. This study revealed that, majority of the respondents 306 (86.4%) knew that baby should be kept warmth by wrapping with dry cloth and 39(11.0%) respondents should be kept in skin to skin contact immediately after delivery to maintain thermoregulation. From the total respondents 202 (57.1 %) knew that once should start breast feeding immediately after birth. Out of 354 respondents 344 (97.2%) gave colostrum to their baby. The study also finds that, 210 (59.3%) respondents had inadequate knowledge regarding essential new born care while 144 (40.7%) had adequate knowledge and 164 (46.3%) respondents had inadequate practice regarding essential new born care while 190 (53.7%) had adequate practice. Respondents who had inadequate knowledge had significantly more inadequate practice than others (p

Background: Newborn health and survival depend on the care given to the newborn, although newborn care is a very essential element in reducing child mortality, it often receives less than optimum attention. Objectives: The objective of this study was (1) to develop a structured training program for ASHA workers on newborn care based on ASHA module 7 “Skills that saves lives.” (2) To compare the reported practices of ASHA workers with regard to newborn care before and after the administration of structured training program. (3) To determine the association between the practice scores and the selected demographic data, i.e., age, years of experience, and education. (4) To assess the acceptability of ASHA workers about training programs regarding newborn care. Materials and Methods: Quantitative research approach was selected with one group pre- and posttest design. A random sampling technique was used for the selection of ASHA workers. A structured practice questionnaire on newborn care was prepared to assess the practices of ASHA workers and a structured opinionnaire to assess the acceptability of the training program. Result: The findings revealed that the mean of posttest scores (25.6) was higher than the mean of pretest scores (14.5) with a mean difference of 11.1. There was no association between practice scores and selected demographic variables, i.e., age, years of experience, and educational status of ASHA workers. Conclusion: The structured training program on newborn care was effective in improving the practices of ASHA workers.

Background: Children face the highest risk of dying in their first 28 days of life (neonatal period). Simple interventions have been tested and found to be effective in reducing the neonatal mortality. Facility Based Newborn Care (FBNC) has a significant potential for improving newborn survival. SNCU is a neonatal unit in the vicinity of labor room which is to provide special care (all care except assisted ventilation and major surgery) for sick newborns. Aims and objectives: To study the trend of neonatal admissions and their outcomes over a period of 7 years i.e. from the year (2013) of establishment to current year (2019) at SNCU in a district level hospital in Maharashtra. Materials and method: The present descriptive observational study with longitudinal design was conducted in the Government supported SNCU of District Hospital of Jalgaon District of Maharashtra which included all the neonates admitted in SNCUs from January 2013 to December 2019.The SNCU monthly report which is in a predefined format from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, which includes data on admission information, reasons of admission, course of admission, and mortality reasons (if any) with treatment outcomes was used for data collection. Result: It was seen that during the study period (i.e. from January 2013 to December 2019) total 16489 neonates were admitted to the SNCU. During the first year (2013) total 1182 neonates were admitted which went on increasing in subsequent years as 2494, 2916, 2944, 2525, 2078 and 2350 neonates were admitted in the year 2014,2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. Yearwise data shows proportions of males and females were approximately similar with male preponderance in each year. Proportion of outborn neonates went on steadily increasing (26.90% in 2013 to 46.26% in 2019) and that of inborn neonates went on decreasing (73.10% in 2013 to 53.74% in 2019). Yearwise trend shows that more and more (54.65% in 2013 to 68.13% in 2019) LBWs were admitted as compared to NBWs neonates (45.35% in 2013 to 68.13% in 2019). Decreasing trend in the mortality was observed from 2013 to 2019 as neonatal mortality rate went on decreasing. It was recorded 18.75% in 2013, 12.43% in 2014, 11.48% in 2015, 12.59% in 2016, 10.54% in 2017, 4.75% in 2018, and 5.77% in 2019. Conclusion: Over a period of 7 years from 2013 to 2019 neonatal mortality went on decreasing including decrease in LBW. and preterm neonates.

BACKGROUND፡ The Ethiopian neonatal mortality has not shown much progress over the years. In light of this, the country has introduced interventions such as the utilization of newborn corners and neonatal intensive care units to avert preventable neonatal deaths. This study was conducted to assess readiness of primary hospitals in providing neonatal intensive care services.METHODS: A health facility based cross-sectional study design was employed where data were collected using both prospective and retrospective techniques using a format adapted from national documents. SPSS version 25 was used for data entry and analysis using descriptive statistics.RESULTS: Data were collected from 107 of 113 (94.7%) primary hospitals due to inaccessibility of some primary hospitals. The minimum national standard requirement of a level one neonatal intensive care unit for infrastructure was met by 63% (68/107) and 44% (47/107) had fulfilled the requirements for kangaroo mother care units. The average number of neonatal intensive care unit trained nurses per primary hospital was 2.6, 0.8 for general practitioners and 2.9 support staff; all of which is less than the minimum recommended national standard. The minimum national requirement for medical equipment and renewables for primary hospital level was fulfilled by 24% (26/107) of the hospitals, 65% (70/107) for essential laboratory tests, and 87% (93/107) for clinical services and procedures. The average number of admissions during the six months prior to the data collection was 87.2 sick newborns per facility with a ‘discharged improved’ rate of 71.5%, referral out rate of 18.4% and level one neonatal intensive care unit death rate of 6.6%. The remaining newborns had either left against medical advice or were still undergoing treatment during data collection.CONCLUSIONS: The overall readiness of primary hospitals to deliver neonatal intensive care services in terms of infrastructure, human resource, medical equipment, and laboratory tests was found to be low. There is a need to fill gaps in infrastructure, medical equipment, renewables, human resource, laboratory reagents, drugs and other supplies of neonatal intensive care units of primary hospitals to garner better quality of service delivery.

Gangguan kecemasan merupakan hal yang sering dialami oleh ibu yang muncul akibat ketidakmampuan dan kesiapan ibu untuk menerima kehadiran bayinya yang membutuhkan perawatan khusus pada minggu-minggu pertama kelahirannya. Tujuan penelitan ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dengan kecemasan ibu nifas dalam perawatan bayi baru lahir di Rumah Sakit Umum Dewi Sartika Kendari tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah semua ibu nifas yang melahirkan normal di Ruang Nifas Rumah Sakit Umum Dewi Sartika Kendari yang berjumlah 34 Orang. Instrument pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner mengenai pengetahuan dan tingkat kecemasan ibu. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan kecemasan ibu nifas dalam perawatan bayi baru lahir dengan nilai p = 0,000 < ? = 0,05 dengan X2 hitung = 22,297. Ibu nifas sebaiknya meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang perawatan bayi baru lahir dan meningkatkan kesiapan mental dan fisik untuk mencegah adanya kecemasan pada ibu nifas. Catatan PenerbitPoltekkes Kemenkes Kendari menyatakan tetap netral sehubungan dengan klaim dari perspektif atau buah pikiran yang diterbitkan dan dari afiliasi institusional manapun. PendanaanNihil. Berbagi data Permohonan berbagi data kepada peneliti dapat melalui e-mail korespondensi. Kontribusi Penulis Para penulis tidak mendaklarasikan kontribusinya., Anxiety disorders are things that are often experienced by mothers that arise due to the mother's inability and readiness to accept the presence of her baby who requires special care in the first weeks of birth. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and anxiety of post-partum mothers in the care of newborns at Dewi Sartika Kendari General Hospital in 2018. This type of research is an analytic study with a cross sectional design. The samples of this research were all postpartum mothers who gave birth normally in the postpartum room of Dewi Sartika Kendari General Hospital, totaling 34 people. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire regarding the mother's knowledge and anxiety level. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test. The results of the study, there is a significant relationship between knowledge and anxiety of postpartum mothers in the care of newborns with a value of p = 0.000 = 0.05 with X2 count = 22.297. Post-partum mothers should increase knowledge about newborn care and increase mental and physical readiness to prevent anxiety in postpartum mothers. Catatan PenerbitPoltekkes Kemenkes Kendari menyatakan tetap netral sehubungan dengan klaim dari perspektif atau buah pikiran yang diterbitkan dan dari afiliasi institusional manapun. PendanaanNihil. Berbagi data Permohonan berbagi data kepada peneliti dapat melalui e-mail korespondensi. Kontribusi Penulis Para penulis tidak mendaklarasikan kontribusinya.

Background The World Health Organization recommends that programs that seek to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes actively involve men during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. However, there is little evidence on what strategies work to increase male knowledge of and involvement in antenatal and postnatal care. This study assessed the impact of the Momentum project on male involvement in maternal health and newborn care. The project involved monthly home visits to a cohort of first-time mothers aged 15–24 recruited at six-months gestation and group education sessions for their male partners using the Program P toolkit. Participants were followed-up for 16 months. Methods The study used a quasi-experimental design with three intervention and three comparison health zones. Baseline data were collected in 2018 and endline data in 2020. Exploratory factor analysis was used to develop scales of male involvement. We measured the causal influence of Momentum using an intent-to-treat analysis at the health-zone level and a dose–response analysis at the individual level. We used random-effects probit and linear models for outcomes measured at baseline and endline, and treatment effects models with inverse-probability weighting for outcomes measured only at endline. The impact analysis involved 1,204 male partners of first-time mothers with live births. Results Intervention health zones were associated with an 18.1 percentage point (95% CI [(10.6, 25.6]) increase in knowledge of three or more obstetric danger signs and a 13.9 percentage point (95% CI [6.3, 21.6]) increase in knowledge of newborn danger signs. Significant increases in male involvement in antenatal care (average treatment effect (ATE) = 0.728, 95% CI [0.445, 1.010]), birth planning (ATE = 0.407, 95% CI [0.157, 0.657]), and newborn care (ATE = 0.690, 95% CI [0.359, 1.021]) were found. The magnitude of Momentum’s impact increased steadily with the number of prenatal home visits and was statistically significant for all behavioral outcomes except shared decision making. Exposure to both home visits and group education sessions during the prenatal period had a significant impact on all outcomes relative to no exposure. Conclusions The study demonstrated the effectiveness of Momentum on male involvement in maternal health and newborn care.

The Department of Health launched a special program called Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) that aims to reduce at maternmal and fetal mortality. The purpose of this study is to determine the satisfaction level among obstetric clients on the delivery of BEmONC services at the Rural Health Unit-Angadanan. A descriptive-inferential method was used. A survey questionnaire was administered to the 26 respondents, who consulted and delivered at the Rural Health Unit-Angadanan from the month of December 2014. The results revealed that the respondents were immensely satisfied with the services such as assessing and monitoring vital signs, essential newborn care and counseling on exclusive breast feeding, proper nutrition and essential neonatal care. However, respondents were not so satisfied with the times allotted in availing maternal services and to the administration of steroids for premature labor. Those respondents who are older and those with lower income tend to have higher satisfaction rate. Community-based practice should focus on providing the fastest possible time in availing the needed maternal care and explaining emergency procedure to the clients to increase their awareness. Keywords: obstetric; newborn

Little is known regarding the characteristics of newborns with congenital cutaneous hemangioma (CH) and the burden of CH on newborn care. The objective of this study is to describe the burden of CH on newborn inpatient stays in the United States. Specific aims include characterizing newborns with CH, assessing factors predictive of CH and procedures performed during hospitalization, determining characteristics associated with increased cost of care and length of stay in newborns with CH, and investigating trends in prevalence, length of stay, and cost of care. This is a nationally representative retrospective cohort study (National Inpatient Sample, 2009–2015). Sociodemographic factors associated with CH and risk factors for increased cost of care/length of stay were evaluated using weighted multivariable regression models. Overall prevalence of CH is 17.0 per 10,000 newborns. Cost of care and length of stay for newborns with CH are increasing over time. Controlling for all covariates, white (aOR 1.69), female (aOR 1.52) newborns from higher income families (aOR 1.44) were more likely to be born with CH (p

OBJECTIVE To examine the awareness, prevalence of use, and knowledge of risks of pepper injection (PI), an injection of highly concentrated oxytocin used to augment or induce labor, among clinicians. METHODS An anonymous pre- and post-workshop evaluation conducted among 227 clinicians participating in emergency obstetric and newborn care training in Sierra Leone from June to October 2018. RESULTS Overall, 225 participants completed the surveys. Of these, 198 (88.0%) of clinicians reported awareness of PI, and 123 (54.7%) self-reported prior use, which was highest among midwives (94/129; 72.9%). Before EmONC training, 82 (36.4%) clinicians reported that they were likely to use PI; this decreased to 39 (17.3%) after training (P

BACKGROUND Neonatal mortality is one of the most daunting health challenges faced by India. Newborn care is sub-optimal in the slums and the newborns here are victims of various malpractices endangering their health and survival. We wanted to study the existing newborn care practices in slums of Guwahati city and evaluate the various factors influencing them. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 mothers having children below 12 months of age in the slums of Guwahati city, Assam from August 2018 to July 2019. RESULTS Out of 300 mothers interviewed, majority (63 %) had institutional deliveries and only 37 % of the mothers delivered at home. Out of 111 home deliveries, new blade was used in majority (82.88 %) for cutting the cord. Some material was applied to the cord stump like mustard oil, ash, vermilion, talcum powder etc. as customary practice in 68 % of home deliveries. Majority of the newborns (89 %) were wrapped with clean cloth immediately after birth. However, 59.33 % of the newborns were given first bath within the first day of birth. Majority of mothers (80.67 %) initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth and 71.33 % of the newborns were given colostrum. However, pre lacteal feed was highly practised (59.33 %) in the study area. CONCLUSIONS All the domains in newborn care were not appropriately practised. These issues need to be addressed effectively through health education and counselling.

Background Rwanda's neonatal mortality rate is 20/1000 live births, and the country aims to meet the Sustainable Development Goal of 12 deaths per 1000 live births, or less, by 2030. Countries have decreased newborn deaths, infections, and intensive care unit admissions using the evidenced-based 'Essential Newborn Care' (ENC) guidelines established by the World Health Organization. Objective To assess postnatal mothers’ knowledge and practice of Essential Newborn Care in Kayonza District, Rwanda. Method A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to assess 192 postnatal mothers at the six-week vaccination services at two health facilities. Data collection using a valid questionnaire occurred from February 28 to March 2, 2019. Data analysis included descriptive and binary logistic regression. Results The majority (65.1%) had good ENC knowledge and practice, whereas a third (34.9%) had poor knowledge and practice. Significant gaps in ENC included timing of breastfeeding 33(17.2%), cord care 32(16.7%), and thermoregulation of small birth weight newborns 6(3.1%). Significant associations with ENC included maternal age (p=0.003), and ENC education postpartum (p=0.020). Conclusion The overall knowledge and practice of ENC are encouraging in this population, particularly with ENC education given postpartum, and older mothers. However, major gaps included evidenced-based cord care, thermoregulation, and breastfeeding, particularly among younger mothers. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):139-151

Maternity waiting homes (MWHs) may offer an intervention to improve newborn outcomes in rural Zambia. This study compared maternal knowledge of newborn care for women referred from facilities with and without MWHs. Topics assessed included: (1) umbilical cord care; (2) thermal and skin care; (3) nutrition, and; (4) prevention of diarrhea, and; (5) newborn danger signs prompting care-seeking. A two-group comparison design with a convenience sample was employed using a face-to-face interviews at one district hospital. Descriptive, inferential, and multivariate analyses were employed to compare knowledge. Overall, mothers demonstrated newborn care knowledge in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for newborn health and there were no significant differences in maternal knowledge of newborn care practices among MWH and non-MWH users. Younger mothers more often did not know about umbilical cord care, newborn skin care, and newborn danger signs. MWH users went more often for antenatal care than non-MWH users. In both groups, we found as the number of ANC visits increases, odds of answering "Don't know" decreases. This study is the first to assess maternal newborn care knowledge and MWH use in rural Zambia. Both MWH users and non-users in the rural district were knowledgeable about essential newborn care.

Se reporta los cuidados de enfermería del primer paciente neonato en el Perú que usó oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) central - veno arterial (VA) y cánula de descompresión de aurícu- la izquierda (VENT). Se estandarizó el cuidado de enfermería especializado identificándose 15 diagnós- ticos según la taxonomía II NANDA y 3 que podrían incorporarse a ella para el cuidado del neonato en ECMO.

Background: Newborn care is a set of comprehensive recommendations designed by the World Health Organization to improve health of the newborn through intervention before conception, during pregnancy, soon after birth and during the postnatal period. Lack of effective use of the recommendations of the health care providers may lead to increased neonatal mortality. The first hours are crucial because multiple organ system is making the transition from intrauterine to extra uterine functions. The care given immediately after birth is simple but important.

Introduction: A wide gap in knowledge exists about the factors associated with newborn care in rural Zambia. In this year of the nurse and midwife, the purpose of this article is to provide transcultural researchers with an example of how Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory (EST) can be used to guide an exploration of the cultural practices, knowledge, and beliefs of newborn care and health-seeking behaviors in rural Zambia. Methodology: Based on the EST, maternal knowledge represents the microsystem while family and community members embody the mesosystem. Health care organization denotes the exosystem with culture representing the macrosystem and health policy the chronosystem. Results: Numerous implications for transcultural nursing practice emerged from this adaptation of the ecological systems approach. Findings reveal a maternal dualism faced by Zambian mothers as they navigate the complex interplay between cultural newborn care practices and evidence-based newborn care promoted by the health care system. Discussion: Based on our proposed operationalization of the EST for a transcultural nursing study, the EST can be applied globally, further validating the theory.