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100 results on '"Nathalie Niquil"'

1. An ecosystem-wide approach for assessing the spatialized cumulative effects of local and global changes on coastal ecosystem functioning

Author: Quentin Nogues, Pierre Bourdaud, Emma Araignous, Ghassen Halouani, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, Jean-Claude Dauvin, François Le Loc'h, and Nathalie Niquil
Subjects: ecological network analysis, climate change, offshore wind farm, cumulative effects, Ecology, combined drivers, ecosystem functioning, coastal ecology, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, resilience, fishing, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Coastal ecosystems are subjected to an increasing number of anthropogenic drivers, including marine renewable energies and climate change (CC). These drivers can interact in complex ways, which may lead to cumulative effects (CEs) whose potential consequences on the ecosystems need to be addressed. We used a holistic approach—ecological network analysis (ENA)—coupled with a two-dimensional food web model—Ecospace—to conduct an ecosystem study of the CEs of CC plus the operation of an offshore wind farm on ecosystem functioning in the extended Bay of Seine (English Channel). Mapped ENA indices showed that CEs were not restricted to the wind farm area, i.e. where anthropogenic drivers are concomitant. CEs varied both in space and among ecosystem properties, displaying that ENA indices can distinguish between different cumulative pathways that modify ecosystem functioning in multiple ways. Moreover, the effects seemed to be tied to the structuring role of CC, and differed under the 2050 and 2100 conditions. Such changes resulted in stronger loss of ecosystem resilience under the 2100 conditions despite the benefits of the reef and reserve effects of the wind farm.
Published: 2023

2. An integrated conceptual model to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services

Author: Yoann Baulaz, Maud Mouchet, Nathalie Niquil, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, France Energies Marines [Brest], Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, and ANR-10-IEED-0006,FEM,France Energies Marines(2010)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, offshore wind farm, Ecology, Geography, Planning and Development, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ecosystem service, integrated assessment, resource management, conceptual framework, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; Offshore wind farm development has become a key measure of energy transition in recent years. Coastal territories are particularly favorable to the development of offshore wind farms due to their high energy potential. However, these areas are also hotspots of biodiversity, provide attractive landscapes and are under strong anthropogenic pressures. Preserving and sharing the natural and cultural resources of coastal territories while intensifying renewable marine energies, represents one of the most important challenges for future management of coastal environments. Consequently, systemic models that consider all the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystems and society are essential. Here, we propose a conceptual model for studying these effects, by mobilizing the concept of ecosystem service in a systemic and integrated assessment approach. To that aim, we reviewed the literature and compiled experts' knowledge in order to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on food webs during the construction and operation phases. Then, we analyzed the contribution of trophic compartments on ecosystem functions, ecosystem services and beneficiaries, and how offshore wind farms modify the relationships between these compartments of the marine coastal social-ecological systems. Our approach helps identify the causal chains that generate the most important modifications in this system. This information could then be used to predict impacts of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services, and to suggest management trade-offs. This study reveals the need for further studies relating marine biodiversity to ecosystem services, and developing systemic approaches at different scales. The analysis of the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services is crucial since it is linked to strong ecological, socioeconomic and political issues.
Published: 2023

3. Structure of planktonic food web in the Gulf of Gabès (Southeastern Mediterranean): potential importance of heterotrophic and mixotrophic microzooplankton

Author: Kaouther Mejri Kousri, Amel Belaaj Zouari, Marouan Meddeb, Oumayma Chkili, Nathalie Niquil, Marc Tedetti, Marc Pagano, Cherif Sammari, Yosra Khammeri, Malika Bel Hassen, Asma Sakka Hlaili, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte [Université de Carthage], Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Zooplankton grazing, Planktonic food web, Southeastern Mediterranean, Aquatic Science, Mixotrophic and heterotrophic microzooplankton, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Water Science and Technology
Published: 2023

4. Influence of Nutrient Gradient on Phytoplankton Size Structure, Primary Production and Carbon Transfer Pathway in a Highly Productive Area (SE Mediterranean)

Author: Oumayma Chkili, Marouan Meddeb, Kaouther Mejri Kousri, Sondes Melliti Ben Garali, Nouha Makhlouf Belkhahia, Marc Tedetti, Marc Pagano, Amel Belaaj Zouari, Malika Belhassen, Nathalie Niquil, Asma Sakka Hlaili, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte [Université de Carthage], Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, University of Tunis El Manar, Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Phytoplankton size-structure · Primary production · Zooplankton grazing · Planktonic food web · Mediterranean gulf, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; We assessed the spatial variability in the size structure of phytoplankton, community composition, primary production and carbon fluxes through the planktonic food web of the Gulf of Gabès (GG; Southeastern Mediterranean Sea) in the fall of 2017 during the MERMEX-MERITE cruise. High concentrations in nutrients, chlorophyll a (~ 2–6 µg L−1) and primary production (1816–3674 mg C m−2 d−1) revealed an eutrophic status of the studied stations in the GG. In accordance with hydrodynamic features, inorganic nutrients showed increases in concentrations from North to South and from coast to offshore, these nutrient gradients impacting the spatial distribution of phytoplankton community. Size-fractioned phytoplankton biomass and production were the lowest in the northernmost zone where they were mainly sustained by pico-sized fraction. Concomitantly, in this area, small aloricate ciliates were dominant leading to a high microbivory. Conversely, higher biomass and production were measured towards the South and offshore with prevalence of larger phytoplankton (nano- and/or micro-sized fractions) supported by diatoms. The herbivorous protozooplankton and metazooplankton were more abundant in these zones, resulting in an increase of the herbivory. The vertical particulate organic carbon flux followed also a north–south and coast-offshore increasing gradient, with a higher contribution of phytoplankton, and zooplankton fecal pellets to the sinking organic matter in the southernmost area. Our results suggest that even in nutrient-rich and highly productive waters, a continuum of trophic pathways, ranging from microbial to multivorous and herbivorous food webs, may exist, which implies different efficiencies in carbon export and carrying capacity within the ecosystem.
Published: 2023

5. Socio-political acceptability of floating offshore wind farms in France: challenges and perspectives for marine governance towards sustainability

Author: Rhoda Fofack-Garcia, Camille Mazé, Georges Safi, Morgane Lejart, Nathalie Chauvac, Maud Thermes, Olivier Ragueneau, François Le Loc'h, and Nathalie Niquil
Subjects: Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography
Published: 2023

6. Climate change in the Bay of Biscay: Changes in spatial biodiversity patterns could be driven by the arrivals of southern species

Author: M. Le Marchand, Camille Albouy, Nathalie Niquil, F. Le Loc'h, Tarek Hattab, Fbr Lasram, France Energies Marines [Brest], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (IFREMER EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ANR-10-IEED-0006,FEM,France Energies Marines(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), and Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Species distribution, Biodiversity, Climate change, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Species turnover, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Hierarchical filters, 15. Life on land, Habitat model, Oceanography, Geography, Ecological niche model, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay
Abstract: International audience; Under climate change, future species assemblages will be driven by the movements and poleward shift of local species and the arrival of more thermophilic species from lower latitudes. To evaluate the impacts of climate change on marine communities in the Bay of Biscay, we used the hierarchical filters modelling approach. Models integrated 3 vertical depth layers and considered 2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) and 2 periods (2041-2050 and 2091-2100) to simulate potential future species distributions. Results predicted potentially suitable future ranges for 163 species as well as future arrivals of non-indigenous southern species. We aggregated these results to map changes in species assemblages. Results revealed that coastal areas would undergo the highest species loss among the Bay of Biscay species, depending on their vertical habitat (benthic, demersal, benthopelagic or pelagic). Benthic and demersal species were projected to experience a westward shift, which would induce a deepening of those species. In contrast, pelagic species were projected to shift northward. The potential ecological niche for half of the studied species, mostly benthic and demersal, was projected to decrease under climate change. In addition, a high rate of southern species arrivals is expected (+28%). Assessment of community composition showed high species replacement within the 0-50 m isobath, driven by the replacement of native species by southern ones. This could lead to a major reorganization of trophic networks and have socio-economic impacts.
Published: 2020

7. Spatialized ecological network analysis for ecosystem-based management: effects of climate change, marine renewable energy, and fishing on ecosystem functioning in the Bay of Seine

Author: Quentin Nogues, Emma Araignous, Pierre Bourdaud, Ghassen Halouani, Aurore Raoux, Éric Foucher, François Le Loc'h, Frédérique Loew-Turbout, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Nathalie Niquil, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), France Energies Marines [Brest], Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maison de la recherche en sciences humaines (MRSH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), and Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)
Subjects: ecological network analysis, Ecospace, offshore wind farm, Ecology, Ecological network analysis, Aquatic Science, ENA, Fishing effects, Oceanography, Trophic structure, Offshore wind farm, climate change, ecosystem functioning, fishing effects, trophic structure, Ecosystem functioning, Climate change, species distribution, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Species distribution, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Integrative and spatialized tools for studying the effects of a wide variety of ecosystem drivers are needed to implement ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning. We developed a tool for analyzing the direct and indirect effects of anthropic activities on the structure and functioning of coastal and marine ecosystems. Using innovative modelling techniques, we ran a spatially explicit model to carry out an ecological network analysis (ENA) of the effects of climate change (CC), of an offshore wind farm (OWF) and of multiple fishing scenarios on the Bay of Seine (eastern part of the English Channel) ecosystem. ENA indices described the effects of those different drivers in a holistic and spatial way. The spatial analysis of ecosystem properties revealed local and global patterns of modifications attributed to CC, while the OWF resulted in localized changes in the ecosystem. This ability of ENA indicators to detect human-induced changes in ecosystem functioning at various spatial scales allows for a more integrative view of the effects of human activities on ecosystems. ENA indices could be used to link both local and global ecosystem changes, for a more cross-scale approach to ecosystem management.
Published: 2022

8. The Response of North Sea Ecosystem Functional Groups to Warming and Changes in Fishing

Author: Robert B. Thorpe, Nina L. Arroyo, Georges Safi, Nathalie Niquil, Izaskun Preciado, Michael Heath, Matthew C. Pace, Christopher P. Lynam, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (UK), Arroyo, Nina Larissa, and Preciado, Izaskun
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, HA, benthos, good environmental status, Ocean Engineering, ecosystem modelling, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, climate change, fisheries, foodweb indicators, North Sea, SH, MSFD, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: [EN] Achieving Good Environmental Status (GES) requires managing ecosystems subject to a variety of pressures such as climate change, eutrophication, and fishing. However, ecosystem models are generally much better at representing top-down impacts from fishing than bottom-up impacts due to warming or changes in nutrient loading. Bottom-up processes often have to be parameterised with little data or worse still taken as a system input rather than being represented explicitly. In this study we use an end-to-end ecosystem model (StrathE2E2) for the North Sea with 18 broad functional groups, five resource pools, and representations of feeding, metabolism, reproduction, active migrations, advection, and mixing. Environmental driving data include temperature, irradiance, hydrodynamics, and nutrient inputs from rivers, atmosphere, and ocean boundaries, so the model is designed to evaluate rigorously top-down and bottom-up impacts and is ideal for looking at possible changes in energy flows and “big picture” ecosystem function. In this study we considered the impacts of warming (2 and 4°C) and various levels of fishing, by demersal and pelagic fleets, on the structure and function of the foodweb. A key aim is to demonstrate whether monitoring of broad ecosystem groups could assist in deciding whether GES was being achieved. We found that warming raised primary productivity and increased the size (total biomass) of the ecosystem. Warming raised metabolic demands on omnivorous zooplankton and reduced their abundance, thus favouring benthivorous and piscivorous demersal fish at the expense of planktivorous pelagic fish but otherwise had modest effects on energy pathways and top predators, whereas changes in fishing patterns could materially alter foodweb function and the relative outcomes for top predators. We suggest that GES should be defined in terms of an unfished state and that abundances of broad groupings and the balance between them can help to assess whether indicator outcomes were consistent with GES. Our findings underwrite the need for an ecosystem approach for the management of human activities supported by relevant monitoring. We also highlight the need to improve our basic understanding of bottom-up processes, improve their representation within models, and ensure that our ecosystem models can capture growth limitation by nitrogen and other elements, and not just food/energy uptake., This study was funded by the EU project “Addressing gaps in biodiversity indicator development for the OSPAR Region from data to ecosystem assessment: Applying an ecosystem approach to (sub) regional habitat assessments (EcApRHA, grant 11.0661/2015/712630/SUB/ENVC.2 OSPAR)” and by the UKI Government Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), grant MA016A. Additional funding for RT has been provided by the EU Horizon 2020 project PANDORA (grant agreement No 773713) and for CL by the EU Horizon 2020 project FutureMARES (grant agreement No 869300).
Published: 2022
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9. Impacts of climate change on the Bay of Seine ecosystem: Forcing a spatio‐temporal trophic model with predictions from an ecological niche model

Author: Quentin Nogues, Samantha Grusd, Aurore Raoux, Georges Safi, Emma Araignous, Tarek Hattab, Boris Leroy, Pierre Bourdaud, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, Juliette Champagnat, Nathalie Niquil, Ghassen Halouani, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), France Energies Marines [Brest], Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa ( MA-RE), University of Cape Town, Department of Biological Sciences, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Ifremer, Laboratory of Fisheries Resources, Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg (MNHN), Normandie Université (NU), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecological niche, Ecospace, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Climate change, Forcing (mathematics), Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, climate change, 13. Climate action, ecological niche modelling, fisheries, Environmental science, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, trophic interactions
Abstract: (IF 2.67; Q1); International audience; Climate change is already known to cause irreversible impacts on ecosystems that are difficult to accurately predict due to the multiple scales at which it will interact. Predictions at the community level are mainly focused on the future distribution of marine species biomass using ecological niche modelling, which requires extensive efforts concerning the effects that trophic interactions could have on the realized species dynamics. In this study, a set of species distribution models predictions were used to force the spatially-explicit trophic model Ecospace in order to evaluate the potentials impacts that two 2,100 climate scenarios, RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, could have on a highly exploited ecosystem, the Bay of Seine (France). Simulations demonstrated that both scenarios would influence the community of the Bay of Seine ecosystem: as expected, more intense changes were predicted with the extreme scenario RCP8.5 than with the RCP2.6 scenario. Under both scenarios, a majority of species underwent a decrease of biomass, although some increased. However, in both cases the stability of the majority of species dynamics was lowered, the sustainability of the fishery. Differences between niche modelling predictions and those obtained through the forcing in Ecospace highlighted the paramount importance of considering trophic interactions in climate change simulations. These results illustrate the requirement of multiplying novel approaches for efficiently forecasting potential impacts of climate change.
Published: 2021

10. Ecological network analysis metrics: The need for an entire ecosystem approach in management and policy

Author: Matthias Wolff, Brian D. Fath, Ulrike Schückel, Ragnhild Asmus, Victor N. de Jonge, Stuart R. Borrett, Ursula M. Scharler, Alessandro Ludovisi, Harald Asmus, Dan Baird, Nathalie Niquil, Towson University [Towson, MD, United States], University of Maryland System, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Stellenbosch Business School [Cape Town] (USB ), University of North Carolina [Wilmington] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of Hull [United Kingdom], Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Landesbetrieb für Küstenschutz, Nationalpark und Meeresschutz Schleswig-Holstein [Husum, Allemagne] (LKN.SH), Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), and University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, State variable, Index (economics), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ecological network analysis, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Marine and coastal environment, Ecosystem approach, Trophic length, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Cycling, Food web, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Average path length, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Metric (unit), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we identified seven ecological network analysis (ENA) metrics that, in our opinion, have high potential to provide useful and practical information for environmental decision-makers and stakeholders. Measurement and quantification of the network indicators requires that an ecosystem level assessment is implemented. The ENA metrics convey the status of the ecological system state variables, and mostly, the flows and relations between the various nodes of the network. The seven metrics are: 1) Average Path Length (APL), 2) Finn Cycling Index (FCI), 3) Mean Trophic level (MTL), 4) Detritivory to Herbivory ratio (D:H), 5) Keystoneness, 6) Structural Information (SI), and 7) Flow-based Information indices. The procedure for calculating each metric is detailed along with a short evaluation of their potential assessment of environmental status.
Published: 2019

11. Towards coherent GES assessments at sub-regional level: signs of fisheries expansion processes in the Bay of Biscay using an OSPAR food web indicator, the mean trophic level

Author: Georges Safi, Nina Larissa Arroyo, Tarek Hattab, François Le Loc'h, Izaskun Preciado, Lucía López-López, Nathalie Niquil, Pauline Vouriot, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Málaga., Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Marine d'Endoume, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, mean trophic level, Medio Marino y Protección Ambiental, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, OSPAR indicators, Fishing, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Demersal zone, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, MSFD, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, Ecology, fisheries expansion, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Pelagic zone, Bay of Biscay, fishing through, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Food web, Fishery, Geography, environmental status, food webs, Survey data collection, ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay
Abstract: Using the Bay of Biscay (BoB) as a case study, we conducted a transnational assessment of the mean trophic level (MTL, Ospar FW4) indicator at sub-regional level, over the last three decades. Our results confirm the apparent recovery of BoB’s bentho-demersal system, as shown by trends in the MTL indicator based on survey data. However, they also point at a concomitant “fishing through” process where the apparent stability revealed by the MTL indicator based on landed catch data may be masking the expansion of demersal fisheries to deeper waters, and an over-exploitation of resources (particularly abundant pelagic species). Moreover, they show how the combined examination of independent surveys and fishery landings allows the identification of ecological trends in ecosystem studies. In addition, our results confirm that analysing MTL at various threshold levels helps discerning the causality of trends in this indicator, especially if analyses for pelagic and demersal species are run independently. Further studies, at smaller (i.e. local) spatial scales, need to be conducted to ascertain our results and suggest appropriate management strategies aimed at regulating fisheries expansions in the area., Sí
Published: 2019

12. The Merits of Loop Analysis for the Qualitative Modeling of Social-Ecological Systems in Presence of Offshore Wind Farms

Author: Nathalie Niquil, Marco Scotti, Rhoda Fofack-Garcia, Matilda Haraldsson, Maud Thermes, Aurore Raoux, François Le Loc'h, and Camille Mazé
Subjects: adaptive management, sensitivity analysis, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:Evolution, lcsh:QH359-425, marine renewable energy, loop analysis, lcsh:Ecology, social-ecosystem modeling
Published: 2021

13. Effets cumulés des énergies marines renouvelables et du changement climatique sur les propriétés des écosystèmes : Sensibilité de l'analyse des réseaux écologiques

Author: Nathalie Niquil, Quentin Nogues, Aurélie Chaalali, Aurore Raoux, Valérie David, François Le Loc'h, Boris Leroy, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, Tarek Hattab, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Emma Araignous, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France Energies Marines [Brest], MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, ENA food web, Ecological network analysis, General Decision Sciences, Climate change, Marine Renewable Energies, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Linear inverse modeling, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Sensitivity (control systems), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Ecological Network Analysis, Cumulative effects, 15. Life on land, Marine renewable energies, Renewable energy, Offshore wind power, Cumulative impact, 13. Climate action, Scale (social sciences), Environmental science, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, business
Abstract: (IF 6.26; Q1); International audience; In an increasingly anthropogenic world, the scientific community and managers have to take interactions between the drivers of ecosystems into consideration. Tools like ecological network analysis (ENA) indices offer the opportunity to study those interactions at the ecosystem level. However, ENA indices have never been used to test the incidence of cumulative drivers. The present study uses models combining the effects of (i) the reef caused by the future offshore wind farm of Courseulles-sur-Mer and (ii) climate change on species distribution, to test the response of multiple ENA indices. ENA indices proved sensitive to this cumulative impact, displaying a wide variety of cumulative effects. They were also very powerful to characterize the role of the cumulative impact on ecosystem functioning. These results demonstrate the capacity of ENA indices to describe and understand cumulative effects at the ecosystem scale. Using a sensitivity analysis approach, this study shows that ENA indices could be viable tools for managers. To help them in their tasks, the next step could be to link ecosystem services to ENA indices for a more practical use.
Published: 2021

14. Analysis of trophic networks: an optimisation approach

Author: Valérie Girardin, Jean-Guy Caputo, Quentin Nogues, Arnaud Knippel, Nathalie Niquil, and Minh Hieu Nguyen
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, Toy model, Computer science, Applied Mathematics, Stability (learning theory), Regular polygon, FOS: Physical sciences, Fixed point, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, Ecological network, Polyhedron, Consistency (database systems), Optimization and Control (math.OC), Modeling and Simulation, Convex optimization, FOS: Mathematics, Quantitative Biology::Populations and Evolution, Biomass, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO), Ecosystem
Abstract: We introduce a methodology to study the possible matter flows of an ecosystem defined by observational biomass data and realistic biological constraints. The flows belong to a polyhedron in a multi dimensional space that may make statistical exploration difficult in practice; instead, we propose to solve a convex optimization problem. Seven criteria based on ecological network indices have been selected to be used as convex goal functions. Numerical results show that the method is fast and can be used for large systems. Minimum flow solutions are analyzed using flow decomposition in paths and circuits. Their consistency is also tested by introducing a system of differential equations for the biomasses and examining the stability of the biomass fixed point. The method is illustrated and explained throughout the text on an ecosystem toy model. It is also applied to realistic food models.
Published: 2021
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15. Quantitative food web modeling unravels the importance of the microphytobenthos-meiofauna pathway for a high trophic transfer by meiofauna in soft-bottom intertidal food webs

Author: Martin Graeve, Stephen R. Pacella, Nathalie Niquil, Blanche Saint-Béat, J. Rzeznik-Orignac, Matilda Haraldsson, Ragnhild Asmus, Harald Asmus, Benoit Lebreton, L.H. van der Heijden, AWI, Wattenmeerstation Sylt, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), United States Environmental Protection Agency [Cincinnati], Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Inverse problems, microphytobenthos, Intertidal habitats, Meiobenthos, food web model, Ecological network analysis, soft-bottom environment, trophic level, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystems, Article, feeding ecology, Ascendency, Ecosystem, Linear inverse models, Trophic level, linear inverse model, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, deposit feeder, Carbon flow networks, biology, Markov chains, food web, quantitative analysis, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Feeding, Detritivore, intertidal community, Monte Carlo methods, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Food web, Carbon, Ecological network, stable isotope mixing models, Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques, Sediment organic matters, Seagrass, Ecological process, meiofauna, trophic structure, Environmental science, Deposits, Trophic relationships, phytobenthos
Abstract: Publisher: Elsevier B.V.; International audience; Meiofauna are known to have an important role on many ecological processes, although, their role in food web dynamics is often poorly understood, partially as they have been an overlooked and under sampled organism group. Here, we used quantitative food web modeling to evaluate the trophic relationship between meiofauna and their food sources and how meiofauna can mediate the carbon flow to higher trophic levels in five contrasting soft-bottom intertidal habitats (including seagrass beds, mudflats and sandflats). Carbon flow networks were constructed using the linear inverse model-Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, with increased resolution of the meiofauna compartments (i.e. biomass and feeding ecology of the different trophic groups of meiofauna) compared to most previous modeling studies. These models highlighted that the flows between the highly productive microphytobenthos and the meiofauna compartments play an important role in transferring carbon to the higher trophic levels, typically more efficiently so than macrofauna. The pathway from microphytobenthos to meiofauna represented the largest flow in all habitats and resulted in high production of meiofauna independent of habitat. All trophic groups of meiofauna, except for selective deposit feeders, had a very high dependency on microphytobenthos. Selective deposit feeders relied instead on a wider range of food sources, with varying contributions of bacteria, microphytobenthos and sediment organic matter. Ecological network analyses (e.g. cycling, throughput and ascendency) of the modeled systems highlighted the close positive relationship between the food web efficiency and the assimilation of high-quality food sources by primary consumers, e.g. meiofauna and macrofauna. Large proportions of these flows can be attributed to trophic groups of meiofauna. The sensitivity of the network properties to the representation of meiofauna in the models leads to recommending a greater attention in ecological data monitoring and integrating meiofauna into food web models. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2020

16. Toward an Ecosystem Approach of Marine Renewable Energy: The Case of the Offshore Wind Farm of Courseulles-sur-Mer in the Bay of Seine

Author: T. Hattab, Camille Mazé, Matilda Haraldsson, Quentin Nogues, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Ghassen Halouani, M. Ching Villanueva, Karine Grangeré, Fabien Riera, Boris Leroy, Aurore Raoux, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, Georges Safi, Emma Araignous, Pierre Bourdaud, François Le Loc'h, Nathalie Niquil, and Juliette Champagnat
Subjects: Sustainable development, Offshore wind power, Ecosystem health, Impact assessment, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Context (language use), Environmental impact assessment, business, Ecological network
Abstract: Environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies for offshore wind farm projects endeavour to consider the sensitivity of ecological compartments (benthos, fish, birds and marine mammals) to potential pressures/changes occurring in the ecosystem structure and functioning. EIA is expected to be conducted considering an integrated ecosystem approach, which is still a target to reach. In this context, and as a complementary approach to the traditional impact assessments, the objective of the ANR TROPHIK project is to develop an integrated ecosystem approach using several modelling tools for a holistic consideration of the food web. Here, we take into account the case of the Courseulles-sur-Mer offshore wind farm project located in the Bay of Seine. In this project, the potential impacts associated with this planned offshore wind farm are modelled. A model of the food web at the site of the construction was built to test possible reef- and reserve-effects, and to investigate the usefulness of Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) indices in the assessment of ecosystem health state. After the installation of the wind farm, our model showed that the ecosystem witnessed a change in its functioning mainly due to the important increase of the biomass of bivalves with the reef effect related to the installation of hard structures for the OWF. To go further into the integration of these results, we enlarged the description of the ecosystem functioning from a local to a larger spatial scale, where the initial zone was extended to the whole Bay of Seine using a spatial model. Different scenarios were built to test how the association of cumulative impacts, from climate change to fisheries, could affect the ecosystem. Finally, we propose a combined food-web and social network modelling approach to the Courseulles-sur-Mer model. The objectives of this latter analysis are to construct a decision-making process focusing on the network of actors involved, and to couple these social and ecological networks into a qualitative common model for a better understanding of the social-ecological system. Our approach aims to contribute to sustainable development through the analysis of interactions between the different categories of stakeholders groups, and can be applied in other offshore wind farm implementation in European waters.
Published: 2020

17. Isotopic analyses, a good tool to validate models in the context of Marine Renewable Energy development and cumulative impacts

Author: Bruno Ernande, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Aurore Raoux, Nathalie Niquil, Karine Grangeré, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, model validation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, wind farm, Context (language use), Aquatic Science, Energy transition, Oceanography, trophic level, 01 natural sciences, Offshore wind farm, Trophic level, alternative energy, Dieppe, policy making, English channel, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Isotopic nitrogen analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Seine Maritime, English Channel, food web, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, detection method, Environmental resource management, Ecosystem-based management, Food web, Normandie, Offshore wind power, marine ecosystem, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Ecopath with ecosim, France, ecosystem approach, business
Abstract: (IF 2.93; Q1); International audience; As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) constructions in the next decades. An integrated ecosystem approach of two future OWF sites of the Eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-mer and Dieppe-Le Tréport) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before the OWF implementation. Such ecosystem models allow simulating the possible reef and reserve effects associated to the presence of the farm, and to character the overall changes in the food-web functioning. This holistic view of OWF effects could be replicated on other sites and form the basis of an ecosystem based management of marine renewable energies. However, to use these models for management purpose, they need to be validated. In order to do so, stable isotope ratios of nitrogen were used for determining the accuracy of the effective trophic levels computed in these two models. Results showed that trophic levels estimated by the two models were consistent with the trophic levels estimated by the independent isotopic data. In the context of OWF development and cumulative impacts analysis, this step of validation of the models is essential for developing their use by management actors and policy makers. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2020

18. Shifting levels of ecological network’s analysis reveals different system properties

Author: Matilda Haraldsson, Stuart R. Borrett, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Philippe Huneman, Nathalie Niquil, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Food Chain, Computer science, Complex system, algal bloom, Cyanobacteria, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Algal bloom, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Carbon Cycle, interdisciplinary approach, Interdisciplinary, cyanobacterium, hierarchical system, Hierarchy, Levels, Hierarchical control system, Time series, network analysis, Ecosystem, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, food web, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, organic carbon, Environmental resource management, plankton, Articles, organizational framework, Eutrophication, Food web, Ecological network, Lakes, time series analysis, Networks, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, complexity, Network analysis
Abstract: Publisher: Royal Society Publishing; International audience; Network analyses applied to models of complex systems generally contain at least three levels of analyses. Whole-network metrics summarize general organizational features (properties or relationships) of the entire network, while node-level metrics summarize similar organization features but consider individual nodes. The network- and node-level metrics build upon the primary pairwise relationships in the model. As with many analyses, sometimes there are interesting differences at one level that disappear in the summary at another level of analysis. We illustrate this phenomenon with ecosystem network models, where nodes are trophic compartments and pairwise relationships are flows of organic carbon, such as when a predator eats a prey. For this demonstration, we analysed a time-series of 16 models of a lake planktonic food web that describes carbon exchanges within an autumn cyanobacteria bloom and compared the ecological conclusions drawn from the three levels of analysis based on inter-time-step comparisons. A general pattern in our analyses was that the closer the levels are in hierarchy (node versus network, or flow versus node level), the more they tend to align in their conclusions. Our analyses suggest that selecting the appropriate level of analysis, and above all regularly using multiple levels, may be a critical analytical decision. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations’. © 2020 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.
Published: 2020

19. An open-source framework to model present and future marine species distributions at local scale

Author: Nathalie Niquil, Grégory Beaugrand, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Ghassen Halouani, Tarek Hattab, Quentin Nogues, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, François Le Loc'h, Boris Leroy, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), ANR-10-IEED-0006,FEM,France Energies Marines(2010), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Species distribution, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Marine species, Pseudo-absences, Bioclimatic envelope models, 14. Life underwater, Dimension (data warehouse), Habitat models, Robustness (economics), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sampling bias, Future projections, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Applied Mathematics, Ecological Modeling, Acl, Environmental resource management, Vertical gradient, Computer Science Applications, Open source, Computational Theory and Mathematics, 13. Climate action, Modeling and Simulation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Automated modelling framework, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Communication channel
Abstract: (IF 3.14; Q2); International audience; Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are useful tools to project potential future species distributions under climate change scenarios. Despite the ability to run SDMs in recent and reliable tools, there are some misuses and proxies that are widely practiced and rarely addressed together, particularly when dealing with marine species.In this paper, we propose an open-source framework that includes (i) a procedure for homogenizing occurrence data to reduce the influence of sampling bias, (ii) a procedure for generating pseudo-absences, (iii) a hierarchical-filter approach, (iv) full incorporation of the third dimension by considering climatic variables at multiple depths and (v) building of maps that predict current and potential future ranges of marine species. This framework is available for non-modeller ecologists interested in investigating future species ranges with a user-friendly script. We investigated the robustness of the framework by applying it to marine species of the Eastern English Channel. Projections were built for the middle and the end of this century under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios.
Published: 2020

20. A spatial food web model to investigate potential spillover effects of a fishery closure in an offshore wind farm

Author: Jean-Claude Dauvin, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, Aurore Raoux, Emma Araignous, François Le Loc'h, Nathalie Niquil, Georges Safi, Ghassen Halouani, Ching-Maria Villanueva, Jean Paul Robin, Eric Foucher, Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (IFREMER EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France Energies Marines [Brest], ANR-10-IEED-0006,FEM,France Energies Marines(2010), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (EMH), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fishing, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Spillover effect, Ecosystem-based approach, EcoSim, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Ecospace, Biomass (ecology), Marine Renewable Energy, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishery, Offshore wind power, 13. Climate action, Ecopath with Ecosim, Environmental science, Spillover effects, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay
Abstract: (IF 2.54; Q1); International audience; There is a growing interest in the development of offshore wind farms to provide a sustainable source of renewable energy and contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions. In parallel, there is a need to better understand the effects of these installations on coastal marine ecosystems and identify potential sea use conflicts, especially when the area is subject to access restrictions. This study investigated the effects of a spatial closure during the exploitation phase of an offshore wind farm in the extended Bay of Seine (English Channel, France) using Ecospace, a spatially and temporally explicit module of Ecopath with Ecosim. To address this question, simulations were conducted through the evaluation of “what-if scenarios” to assess the effectiveness of a fishing exclusion zone inside and surrounding the offshore wind farm. Several biomass, catch and trophic level-based indicators were calculated to evaluate how the exclusion zone could affect fishing activities and main components of the food web. All the indicators were estimated in the extended Bay of Seine and summarized by sub-area. Findings suggested that the spillover effect could mitigate the negative impact of access loss on fishing activities, in a scenario of simulated closure of the area of the wind farm. The Ecospace model predicted an increase of catches (up to 7% near the wind farm) and a slight increase in the proportion of high trophic level species. However, the influence of spillover effects is limited in space and the expected increase of biomass and catches are highly localized in areas around the offshore wind farm installations. At the scale of the Bay of Seine, further analysis of the spillover effects revealed a spatial pattern and suggested that the implementation of an exclusion zone inside the offshore wind farm could concentrate highly mobile predators.
Published: 2020

21. The Bay of Seine: A Resilient Socio-Eco-System Under Cumulative Pressures

Author: Aurore Raoux, Nathalie Niquil, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Jean-Claude Dauvin, and Noémie Baux
Subjects: Fishery, geography, Ecosystem health, Ecological indicator, geography.geographical_feature_category, Environmental science, Estuary, Ecosystem, Natura 2000, Bay, Channel (geography), Trophic level
Abstract: The Bay of Seine (Normandy coast of the English Channel) is a highly impacted ecosystem concerned by numerous human activities. It is subjected to heavy historic anthropogenic pressures and the emergence of new human activities: fishing, harbour extension, aggregate extraction, deposition of dredged sediment, and offshore wind farms. By contrast, this area shows a high level of protection of its natural heritage, mainly owing to the Natural Reserve and Natura 2000 sites. Moreover, an accumulation of research projects has ensured the acquisition of a high level of scientific knowledge and high-quality ecological data in this area. However, there is a lack of a systematic approach taking into account the available data. By building maps of benthic habitats, food-web modelling and calculating ecological indicators, we are able to take the first steps towards an ecosystem-based management. These integrative approaches allow us to assess the ecological quality status of the Bay of Seine and the Seine estuary. Trophic models based on the quantification of energy and matter fluxes in ecosystems, as well as indices derived from ecological network analysis, are used to describe the interaction between species across all trophic levels. When applied to spatial models, ecological functioning and ecosystem health can be assessed in different areas of the ecosystem. In the Bay of Seine, benthic habitats display high resilience while pelagic, fish and bird compartments have been shown to be highly modified, due to hydrological and climatic changes. The North Channel and the Navigation Channel of the Seine estuary appear to be far more intensely stressed, while the South Channel and marine areas of the Bay show a more mature functioning. Our conclusions reveal the need to consider the influence of human pressures on the functioning of complex ecosystems, thus providing an integrated approach that can be used to study a social-ecological system affected by global changes and investigate the cumulative impacts of human activities.
Published: 2020

22. Assessing the ecological status of an estuarine ecosystem: linking biodiversity and food-web indicators

Author: Gwenola de Roton, Aurore Raoux, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Nathalie Niquil, Mario Lepage, Géraldine Lassalle, Jérémy Lobry, Jocelyne Morin, Samuele Tecchio, Camille Le Guen, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Normandie Université (NU), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Écologie et Modèles pour l'halieutique (EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecosystèmes estuariens et poissons migrateurs amphihalins (UR EPBX), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, computer.programming_language, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, Food web, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem health indicators, Guild, Harbour, Ecosystem functioning, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiples(IF 2.61 [2018]; Q1]; International audience; During the last decades, the highly-anthropized Seine estuary has been impacted by modification of its habitats (building of a major extension of Le Havre harbour, i.e. Port2000) and a significant natural decrease in freshwater discharge. A Before/After analysis, using a toolbox of indicators, was applied to characterize the effects of both events on the estuarine ecosystem status. We selected from existing tool boxes several indicators derived from food web modelling or community composition data, such as biodiversity indicators, a guild-based index (i.e. Estuarine and Lagoon Fish Index ELFI) and ecological network analysis (ENA) indices. ENA and biodiversity indicators were applied on six spatial boxes describing the Seine estuary and its outlet. Results showed an increase in taxonomic and functional richness over time, mainly due to marinisation, and significant changes in food-web properties in relation to Port2000. ENA indices appeared as a promising method in ecological status assessment, especially for estuaries considered as inherently disturbed.
Published: 2019

23. Vitamine ENA: A framework for the development of ecosystem-based indicators for decision makers

Author: Diana Giebels, Ulrike Schückel, Izaskun Preciado, Nathalie Niquil, Nina Larissa Arroyo, Aurore Raoux, Georges Safi, Samuele Tecchio, Johanna J. Heymans, Victor N. de Jonge, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Málaga., Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Schleswig-Holstein Agency for Coastal Defence [Tönning, Allemagne], SINAY - Maritime Data Solutions, and Department of Public Administration and Sociology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Good Environmental Status, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, Ecosystem-based management, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Food web, Water Framework Directive, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: (IF 2.60 [2018]; Q1); International audience; The Water Framework Directive (article 2, paragraph 21) as well as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, Descriptor 4) stress the need for assessing the quality of the structure and the functioning of ecosystems. The MSFD also underlines the urgent need for development, testing, and validation of ecosystem state indicators. Holistic function-based criteria and indicators as provided by Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) could be used to define and assess the ‘Good Environmental Status’ of marine ecosystems. This approach also feeds Ecosystem Based Management (EBM). ENA generally analyses the fluxes' quality of a single medium such as here the carbon fluxes in a food web and produces a number of useful metrics that indicate, inter alia, the total carbon flow through the system, the quality of the functioning of the system or the trophic efficiency of system. A short list of indices [i.e. Detritivory over Herbivory ratio (D/H), Connectance Index (CI), Transfer Efficiency (TE) over trophic levels, System Omnivory Index (SOI), Finn's Cycling Index (FCI), relative Redundancy (R/DC), Average Mutual Information (AMI) and Interaction Strength (IS)] is proposed for practical use. This paper presents a first framework for OSPAR Regional Sea Convention food web indicators based on ENA. These are presented here focusing on their applicability and what is needed for implementation, illustrating their potential use by case studies.
Published: 2019

24. Global Changes Jeopardize the Trophic Carrying Capacity and Functioning of Estuarine Ecosystems

Author: Valérie David, Benoît Sautour, Xavier Chevillot, Gérard Castelnaud, Jérémy Lobry, Guy Bachelet, Nathalie Niquil, Jonathan Selleslagh, Aurélie Chaalali, Samuele Tecchio, Géraldine Lassalle, Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'Océanologie Biologique d'Arcachon (LOB ARCACHON), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et Modèles pour l'halieutique (EMH), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biome, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Ecosystem health, Ecology, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Food web, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; At the interface between terrestrial and marine biomes, estuaries display high ecological productivity and provide goods and services to humans. Associated with many ecological functions, they are nursery, refuge, and growing areas for many species fish. These ecological functions and services depend on both their ecological production and trophic carrying capacity and the durability of food web functioning. These transitional key habitats undergo both strong anthropogenic pressures and climatic influences that impact the structure and dynamics of estuarine biodiversity. In this context, we explore, here, three decades of the Gironde estuary ecosystem history to detect the food web's response to global changes-induced effect on biodiversity. At least two Ecological Abrupt Shifts associated with deep modifications in the biodiversity at most trophic levels have been documented for this particular ecosystem. Three food web models were thus calibrated, one for each of the three periods discriminated by the two shifts that occurred at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 2000s. Results highlighted that the ecotrophic efficiency estimate for subtidal macrofauna and shrimps reached the maximum possible values during the last period. This could mean that the Gironde estuary fully reached its trophic carrying capacity due to a food limitation especially for benthos demersal fish. We also observed a significant decrease in some food web indicators (such as Average Mutual Information, System Omnivory Index, and Average Path Length) usually associated with ecosystem stress, suggesting a significant impact of global change on the Gironde estuary ecosystem health and questioning the sustainability of the ecological functions associated with this ecosystem.
Published: 2019

25. Trophic importance of microphytobenthos and bacteria to meiofauna in soft-bottom intertidal habitats: A combined trophic marker approach

Author: Ragnhild Asmus, Jadwiga Rzeznik-Orignac, Benoit Lebreton, Q. Bernier, Nathalie Niquil, Gaël Guillou, Martin Graeve, Harald Asmus, L.H. van der Heijden, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Aquatic Organisms, Geologic Sediments, Nematoda, Meiofauna, Marennes-Oléron Bay, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Germany, Microalgae, Sandflats, Stable isotopes, Trophic level, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Carbon Isotopes, biology, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, Fatty Acids, Food webs, Microphytobenthos, General Medicine, Pollution, Seagrass, Habitat, Bays, Benthic zone, France, Seasons, Bare mudflats, Food Chain, Meiobenthos, Intertidal zone, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, Copepoda, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Animals, Sylt-Rømø Bight, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, Diatoms, Bacteria, Nitrogen Isotopes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Seagrass beds, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Tracheophyta, Compound specific isotope analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay
Abstract: International audience; Meiofauna can play an important role in the carbon fluxes of soft-bottom coastal habitats. Investigation of their feeding behavior and trophic position remains challenging due to their small size. In this study, we determine and compare the food sources used by nematodes and benthic copepods by using stable isotope compositions, fatty acid profiles and compound specific isotope analyses of fatty acids in the mudflats, seagrass beds and a sandflat of the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France, and the Sylt-Rømø Bight, Germany. Suspended particulate organic matter was much more 13C-depleted than other food sources and meiofauna, highlighting its poor role in the different studied habitats. The very low proportions of vascular plant fatty acid markers in meiofauna demonstrated that these consumers did not rely on this food source, either fresh or detrital, even in seagrass beds. The combined use of stable isotopes and fatty acids emphasized microphytobenthos and benthic bacteria as the major food sources of nematodes and benthic copepods. Compound specific analyses of a bacteria marker confirmed that bacteria mostly used microphytobenthos as a substrate.
Published: 2019

26. Measuring sensitivity of two OSPAR indicators for a coastal food web model under offshore wind farm construction

Author: Aurore Raoux, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Bruno Ernande, Nathalie Niquil, Géraldine Lassalle, François Le Loc'h, Georges Safi, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Justine Lequesne, Camille Mazé, Samuele Tecchio, Valérie Girardin, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Nicolas Oresme (LMNO), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandy Regional Council'Eoliennes Offshore du Calvados' (EOC) company, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Reef effect, Mean Trophic Level, Reserve effect, Fishing, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Ecopath, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, EcoSim, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Marine renewable energy, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, business.industry, ACL, Environmental resource management, Ecological Network Analysis, Food web, Offshore wind power, Ecosim, 13. Climate action, Ecopath with Ecosim, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Bay, Channel (geography)
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Dynamique et fonctionnement des écosystèmes(IF 4.49 [2018]; Q1); International audience; A combination of modelling tools was applied to simulate the impacts of the future Courseulles-sur-mer offshore wind farm (OWF) construction (Bay of Seine, English Channel) on the ecosystem structure and functioning. To do so, food-web models of the ecosystem under three scenarios were constructed to investigate the effect caused by the OWF of added substrate (reef effect), fishing restriction (reserve effect), and their combined effect. Further, Ecological Network Analysis indices and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate their suitability for detecting changes in the ecosystem state. Our analysis suggests changes in the ecosystem structure and functioning after the OWF construction, the ecosystem maturity was predicted to increase, but no alterations in its overall resilience capacity.
Published: 2019

27. A new type of plankton food web functioning in coastal waters revealed by coupling Monte Carlo Markov Chain Linear Inverse method and Ecological Network Analysis

Author: Asma Sakka Hlaili, Matilda Haraldsson, Kaouther Mejri, Aurélie Chaalali, Marouan Meddeb, Olivier Pringault, Nathalie Niquil, Boutheina Grami, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Université Tunis El Manar (UTM), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), IRD through the JEAI-ECOBIZ, LIM COSYS-Med, IRD fellowship (ARTS program), European Project: 308392,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2012-two-stage,DEVOTES(2012), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Food web modeling, General Decision Sciences, Seasonal variations, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Bacterial multivorous food web, Phytoplankton, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Primary production, 15. Life on land, Plankton, Trophic structure, Food web, Ecological network, 13. Climate action, Coastal waters, Environmental science, Network analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Plankton food webs (PFW) typology is based on different categories of functioning, according to the dominant processes and the role played by heterotrophic bacteria, small vs large phytoplankton, and small vs large zooplankton. Investigating the structure and the function of planktonic foodn webs in two SW Mediterranean waters (inshore and marine sites) at four seasons, using inverse (LIM-MCMC) and ecological network (ENA) analyses, we identified a new type of food web, called the “bacterial multivorous food web”. This food web adds to the conventional trophic continuum as previously reported. The “bacterial multivorous food web” present in winter showed the lowest primary production among seasons, but highest bacterial production. Several food web ratios characterized this new typology e.g. picophytoplankton net primary production to total primary production varied from 0.20 to 0.28; bacterial to primary production ratio is higher than values reported in global scale (≅1); bacterial net production to the potential protozoan prey net production was high (> 0.2). In this special food web, carbon was mostly recycled, with a moderate fraction channeled to deep waters, which lead to a higher retention of carbon inside the ecosystem. This winter PFW also seemed to be the most organized, specialized, stable and mature, as related to common interpretations of ENA. The spring was characterized by herbivorous food web, with highest activity coinciding with low stability. Although less usual, the herbivorous pathway was also observed during summer, in inshore waters. The autumn food webs, which functioned as multivorous or microbial food webs, appeared to be stable and mature. Finally, our study demonstrates the usefulness of food web models derived ratios combined with ecological network analysis indices to conduct evaluation of the structure and functioning of ecosystems and potentially to support management decisions in marine environment.
Published: 2019

28. History of Ecology

Author: Frank N. Egerton, Nathalie Niquil, and Irene Martins
Published: 2019

29. Towards an Ecosystem Approach to Assess the Impacts of Marine Renewable Energy

Author: Aurore Raoux, Nathalie Niquil, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bispo, R., Bernardino, J., Coelho, H., Lino Costa, J., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Monitoring, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecopath, Demersal ﬁsh, Offshore wind farm, Benthos, EcoSim, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Demersal fish, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Call for bids, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Ecological Network Analysis, Key-words: Offshore wind farm, Renewable energy, Offshore wind power, Suprabenthos, 13. Climate action, Ecopath with Ecosim, Environmental science, Electricity, Ecosystemic approach, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Channel (geography)
Abstract: International audience; Since the beginning of the 2000’, the French government ambition was to have an offshore wind production formed 40% of the renewable electricity in 2030. Three calls tenders of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) construction have been pronounced since 2011. However, no offshore wind farm (OWF) had been constructed at the end of 2017 due to long administrative procedures and numerous appeals in justice, at French and European levels. Nevertheless, several studies have been enterprised to identify the environmental conditions and ecosystem functioning in selected sites before OWF implantations. However, these studies are generally focused on the conservation of some species or groups of species, and there is no holistic study on the effects of the construction and operation of OWF on an ecosystem taken as a whole. In 2017, a complete and integrated view of the ecosystem of two future OWF sites of the eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-Mer and Dieppe-Le Tréport) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before OWF implementation and to simulate reef effects due to new spatial occupation of maritime territory. Results contribute to a better knowledge of the impacts of the OWFs on the functioning of marine ecosystems. They also allow to deﬁne recommendations for environmental managers and industry in terms of monitoring the effects of marine renewable energy (MRE), not only locally but also on other sites, at national and European levels.
Published: 2019

30. Modeling Strategies for Ecosystems

Author: Cédric Bacher and Nathalie Niquil
Subjects: business.industry, Ecosystem model, Environmental resource management, Environmental science, Ecosystem, business
Published: 2016

31. Ecological Network Analysis with Benthic indices to assess ecological and functional status of soft-bottom subtidal habitat in the English Channel

Author: Nathalie Niquil, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Aurore Raoux, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), and Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA )
Subjects: geography, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography.geographical_feature_category, benthic indices, Ecology, Sediment, Ecopath model, global approach, Dredging, Offshore wind power, Water Framework Directive, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Benthic assessment, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Reef, Channel (geography)
Abstract: International audience; The eastern part of the English Channel (north-eastern Atlantic) in a megatidal environment is one of the most impacted area in the world wide ocean. To the traditional fish activities and maritime transports with dredging and deposit spoil sediment which impact the ecosystem, aggregate extractions and implementation of offshore wind farms increase the pressures in this shallow epicontinental sea. The soft-bottom sea bed was mainly covered by sandy gravels and gravelly sand located offshore under high tidal currents while medium sand and muddy fine sand were deposit along the coast in area with weak currents. A large number of benthic indices had been recently developed mainly to the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive, but to structural assessment, development of more integrate method such as Ecological Network Analysis with the Ecopath model permit to furnish a functional assessment of the benthic habitats. Several studies in diverse sediment type under human pressures or future activities with reef and protected scenarios within an offshore windfarm permit to evaluate the suitability of structural and functional indices to reveal spatio-temporal statutes and changes of the Ecological Status of the benthic ecosystems.
Published: 2018

32. Plankton food-web functioning in anthropogenically impacted coastal waters (SW Mediterranean Sea): An ecological network analysis

Author: Boutheina Grami, Aurélie Chaalali, Matilda Haraldsson, Asma Sakka Hlaili, Olivier Pringault, Marouan Meddeb, Nathalie Niquil, a Laboratoire de phytoplanctonologie, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte [Université de Carthage], Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecological network analysis, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Phytoplankton, Ascendency, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Mediterranean coastal waters, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, 15. Life on land, Plankton, Plankton ecology, Food web, Food-web modelling, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eutrophication, Bay
Abstract: This work was supported by IRD through the JEAI-ECOBIZ and the LIM COSYS-Med. MM was financed by an IRD fellowship (ARTS program). The work of Nathalie Niquil on ENA derived indicators for characterizing the stress in food webs is supported by DEVOTES (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing Good Environmental Status) funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, 'The Ocean for Tomorrow' Theme (grant agreement no. 308392); International audience; The study is the first attempt to (i) model spring food webs in three SW Mediterranean ecosystems which are under different anthropogenic pressures and (ii) to project the consequence of this stress on their function. Linear inverse models were built using the Monte Carlo method coupled with Markov Chains to characterize the foodweb status of the Lagoon, the Channel (inshore waters under high eutrophication and chemical contamination) and the Bay of Bizerte (offshore waters under less anthropogenic pressure). Ecological network analysis was used for the description of structural and functional properties of each food web and for inter-ecosystem comparisons. Our results showed that more carbon was produced by phytoplankton in the inshore waters (966–1234 mg C m−2 d−1) compared to the Bay (727 mg C m−2 d−1). The total ecosystem carbon inputs into the three food webs was supported by high primary production, which was mainly due to > 10 µm algae. However, the three carbon pathways were characterized by low detritivory and a high herbivory which was mainly assigned to protozooplankton. This latter was efficient in channelling biogenic carbon. In the Lagoon and the Channel, foods webs acted almost as a multivorous structure with a tendency towards herbivorous one, whereas in the Bay the herbivorous pathway was more dominant. Ecological indices revealed that the Lagoon and the Channel food webs/systems had high total system throughput and thus were more active than the Bay. The Bay food web, which had a high relative ascendency value, was more organized and specialized. This inter–ecosystem difference could be due to the varying levels of anthropogenic impact among sites. Indeed, the low value of Finn’s cycling index indicated that the three systems are disturbed, but the Lagoon and the Channel, with low average path lengths, appeared to be more stressed, as both sites have undergone higher chemical pollution and nutrient loading. This study shows that ecosystem models combined with ecological indices provide a powerful approach to detect change in environmental status and anthropogenic impacts.
Published: 2018

33. Assessing cumulative socio-ecological impacts of offshore wind farm development in the Bay of Seine (English Channel)

Author: Jeffrey M. Dambacher, Nathalie Niquil, Camille Mazé, Aurore Raoux, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), and Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Economics and Econometrics, Reef effect, Reserve effect, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Energy transition, Ecosystem-based management, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Offshore wind farm, Effects of global warming, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, Apex predator, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Global warming, Environmental resource management, Offshore wind power, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Press perturbation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Law, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Channel (geography), Qualitative models
Abstract: (IF 2.87; Q1); International audience; As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) in Normandy. These OWFs will be integrated into an ecosystem already facing multiple anthropogenic disturbances. A holistic view of cumulated impacts (OWF construction, global warming and fisheries) were developed on the Courseulles-sur-Mer’ ecosystem through the use of a qualitative mathematical modelling approach. This modelling approach provides the mean to consider alternative hypotheses about how the ecosystem structure and function affects its dynamics. Alternative models were constructed to address the different hypotheses regarding the behaviour of top predator (whether the top predators will be scared away by the OWF or attracted by the reef effect), impacts of global warming and changes in fisheries activities. Key findings from these analyses are that the OWF construction could lead to an increase in benthos species and fish benthos feeders whatever the perturbation scenario, while the predicted response of top predators was ambiguous across all perturbation scenario. Qualitative modelling results can play a vital role in decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as a tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of the Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) project.
Published: 2018

34. Microbial parasites make cyanobacteria blooms less of a trophic dead end than commonly assumed

Author: Jonathan Colombet, Matilda Haraldsson, Pauline Bazin, Samuele Tecchio, Nathalie Niquil, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Mélanie Gerphagnon, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Cyanobacteria, Food Chain, Ecosystem ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, education, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, Article, Microbial ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Food chain, Phytoplankton, Animals, Ecosystem, Biomass, Fungal ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Virus–host interactions, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Food web, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action
Abstract: International audience; Parasites exist in every ecosystem and can have large influence on food web structure and function, yet, we know little about parasites’ effect on food web dynamics. Here we investigate the role of microbial parasitism (viruses of bacteria, phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, and parasitic chytrids on cyanobacteria) on the dynamics of trophic pathways and food web functioning during a cyanobacteria bloom, using linear inverse food web modeling parameterized with a 2-month long data set (biomasses, infection parameters, etc.). We show the importance of grazing on heterotrophic bacteria (the microbial pathway: DOC → bacteria → consumer) and how consumers depended on bacteria during peak-cyanobacteria bloom, which abundance was partly driven by the viral activity. As bacteria become the main energy pathway to the consumers, the system takes a more web-like structure through increased omnivory, and may thereby facilitate the system’s persistence to the cyanobacteria outbreak. We also showed how the killing of cyanobacteria host cells by chytrids had important impact on the food web dynamics by facilitating grazing on the cyanobacteria, and by offering alternative pathways to the consumers. This seemed to increase the system’s ability to return to a mix of trophic pathways, which theoretically increases the stability of the system.
Published: 2018

35. Using ecological models to assess ecosystem status in support of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Author: O. Kryvenko, Ibon Galparsoro, Chiara Piroddi, Marina Chifflet, Caleb Smith, Ana Carla Garcia, Krysia Mazik, Géraldine Lassalle, Guillem Chust, Eider Andonegi, Heliana Teixeira, Nathalie Niquil, Maria Kämäri, Suzanna Neville, María C. Uyarra, Vjacheslav Suslin, Tanya Churilova, María del Carmen Alvarez, Axel G. Rossberg, Christopher P. Lynam, Nadia Papadopoulou, Letizia Tedesco, Water Resources Unit [Ispra], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC)-European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UDELAR), University of Hull [United Kingdom], AZTI - Tecnalia, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Marine and environmental research centre - IMAR-CMA (Coimbra, Portugal), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Marine Hydrophysical Institute (MHI), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), European Commission, Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UCUR), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Good Environmental Status, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity descriptors, Biodiversity, General Decision Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, media_common.cataloged_instance, Ecosystem, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, European union, MSFD, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Decision Sciences(all), Biomass (ecology), Ecology, business.industry, Model-derived indicators, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Habitats, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecological models, business, Marine ecosystems, Pressures
Abstract: Piroddi, Chiara ... et. al.-- 17 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, 1 appendix supplementary data http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.05.037, The European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) seeks to achieve, for all European seas, “Good Environmental Status” (GEnS), by 2020. Ecological models are currently one of the strongest approaches used to predicting and understanding the consequences of anthropogenic and climate-driven changes in the natural environment. We assess the most commonly used capabilities of the modelling community to provide information about indicators outlined in the MSFD, particularly on biodiversity, food webs, non-indigenous species and seafloor integrity descriptors. We built a catalogue of models and their derived indicators to assess which models were able to demonstrate: (1) the linkages between indicators and ecosystem structure and function and (2) the impact of pressures on ecosystem state through indicators. Our survey identified 44 ecological models being implemented in Europe, with a high prevalence of those that focus on links between hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry, followed by end-to-end, species distribution/habitat suitability, bio-optical (remote sensing) and multispecies models. Approximately 200 indicators could be derived from these models, the majority of which were biomass and physical/hydrological/chemical indicators. Biodiversity and food webs descriptors, with ∼49% and ∼43% respectively, were better addressed in the reviewed modelling approaches than the non-indigenous species (0.3%) and sea floor integrity (∼8%) descriptors. Out of 12 criteria and 21 MSFD indicators relevant to the abovementioned descriptors, currently only three indicators were not addressed by the 44 models reviewed. Modelling approaches showed also the potential to inform on the complex, integrative ecosystem dimensions while addressing ecosystem fundamental properties, such as interactions between structural components and ecosystems services provided, despite the fact that they are not part of the MSFD indicators set. The cataloguing of models and their derived indicators presented in this study, aim at helping the planning and integration of policies like the MSFD which require the assessment of all European Seas in relation to their ecosystem status and pressures associated and the establishment of environmental targets (through the use of indicators) to achieve GEnS by 2020, This manuscript has resulted from the DEVOTES (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) project funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, ‘The Ocean of Tomorrow’ Theme (Grant Agreement No. 308392), http://www.devotes-project.eu
Published: 2015
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36. Trophic networks: How do theories link ecosystem structure and functioning to stability properties? A review

Author: Galen A. Johnson, Ragnhild Asmus, Cédric Bacher, Alain F. Vézina, Valérie David, Blanche Saint-Béat, Nathalie Niquil, Dan Baird, Harald Asmus, Stephen R. Pacella, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut océanographique Bedford - Bedford Oceanographic Institute [Dartmouth, Canada] (IOB), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: Electric resistance, 0106 biological sciences, ecosystem structure, media_common.quotation_subject, Ecology (disciplines), Resistance, Ecological network analysis, General Decision Sciences, Context (language use), Local and global stabilities, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystems, thermodynamics, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ecosystem response, ecosystem function, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, network analysis, Stability properties, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Ecological stability, Resilience, food web, Ecology, Resistance (ecology), business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Food webs, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Food web, Ecological network, 13. Climate action, Maturity, Psychological resilience, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental pressures, business, Stability
Abstract: International audience; In the context of present global changes, interest in understanding how systems respond to anthropogenic environmental pressures and stress has increased. Indices that characterize ecosystem state are helpful tools for the interpretation of ecosystem responses. The central question is how to link these responses to ecosystem structure and functioning and to quantify ecosystem persistence, resistance or resilience. Quantification and characterization of trophic networks by ecological network analysis (ENA) indices is proceeding rapidly, especially in the field of coastal ecology. In this contribution, we review several theories that relate ecosystem structure and function to stability. The structure and functioning of ecosystems change during the maturation of ecosystems. In the first section, the maturation of ecosystems is described using thermodynamics. In the second and third parts of this paper, we define some concepts for analysing structure and functioning of food webs and discuss their relation to stability. In the last section, we describe three ENA indices and their link to stability. We demonstrate that ENA provides powerful tools for describing local stability, combining quantitative and qualitative concepts. However, it remains incomplete for describing real conservation cases that combine local and global stability. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015

37. Before-After analysis of the trophic network of an experimental dumping site in the eastern part of the Bay of Seine (English Channel)

Author: Stella Marmin, Aurore Raoux, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Nathalie Niquil, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Pierre Balay, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Cellule de Suivi du Littoral Normand, Cellule de Suivi du Littoral Normand, 53 rue de Prony, 76600 Le Havre, France, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Normandie Université (NU), and Cellule de Suivi du Littoral Normand (CSLN)
Subjects: dredged material disposal, 0106 biological sciences, Geologic Sediments, Food Chain, education, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Ecopath, complex mixtures, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bay of Seine, Ascendency, Animals, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Biomass, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, trophic model, Ecological Network Analysis, Detritivore, Fishes, Estuary, Pollution, Invertebrates, Refuse Disposal, Fishery, Bays, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Benthic zone, Environmental science, France, Environmental Pollution, Estuaries, Bay, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; An experimental study was conducted to assess the physical and biological impacts of muddy fine sand 3 dredged material dumped on a medium sand site MACHU offshore the Seine Estuary. Complementary 4 trophic web modelling tools were applied to the MACHU ecosystem to analyse the effects of dumping 5 operations. Results show that, after the dumping operations, the biomass of fish increased while 6 invertebrate biomass remained relatively stable through time. Nevertheless, the biomasses of benthic 7 invertebrates, omnivores/scavengers and predators showed some increases, while non-selective 8 deposit feeders and filter feeders decreased. At the ecosystem level, results show that the total 9 ecosystem activity, the ascendency and the overall omnivorous character of the food-web structure 10 increased after dumping operations, whereas recycling subsequently decreased. Finally, the fine and 11 medium sand habitat offshore from the Seine estuary, which undergoes regular natural physical 12 perturbations, shows a high resilience after a short dumping phase. 13
Published: 2017

38. Benthic and fish aggregation inside an offshore wind farm: Which effects on the trophic web functioning?

Author: Aurore Raoux, Géraldine Lassalle, François Le Loc'h, Camille Le Guen, Nathalie Niquil, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Dan Wilhelmsson, Steven Degraer, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Karine Grangeré, Matilda Haraldsson, Bruno Ernande, Samuele Tecchio, Marie Cachera, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFREMER Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques (IFREMER Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux ( UR EABX ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), IFREMER Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques ( IFREMER Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Reef effect, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Decision Sciences, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE.IE ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Wind farm, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystem model, Ecosystem-based approach, EcoSim, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, 15. Life on land, Marine renewable energies, Food web, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Fishery, Offshore wind power, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Ecopath with Ecosim, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of three offshore wind farms in Normandy (Bay of Seine and eastern part of the English Channel, northwestern France) in the next years. These offshore wind farms will be integrated into an ecosystem already facing multiple anthropogenic disturbances such as maritime transport, fisheries, oyster and mussel farming, and sediment dredging. Currently no integrated, ecosystem-based study on the effects of the construction and exploitation of offshore wind farms exists, where biological approaches generally focused on the conservation of some valuable species or groups of species. Complementary trophic web modelling tools were applied to the Bay of Seine ecosystem (to the 50 km 2 area covered by the wind farm) to analyse the potential impacts of benthos and fish aggregation caused by the introduction of additional hard substrates from the piles and the turbine scour protections. An Ecopath ecosystem model composed of 37 compartments, from phytoplankton to seabirds, was built to describe the situation " before " the construction of the wind farm. Then, an Ecosim projection over 30 years was performed after increasing the biomass of targeted benthic and fish compartments. Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) indices were calculated for the two periods, " before " and " after " , to compare network functioning and the overall structural properties of the food web. Our main results showed (1) that the total ecosystem activity, the overall system omnivory (proportion of generalist feeders), and the recycling increased after the construction of the wind farm; (2) that higher trophic levels such as piscivorous fish species, marine mammals, and seabirds responded positively to the aggregation of biomass on piles and turbine scour protections; and (3) a change in key-stone groups after the construction towards more structuring and dominant compartments. Nonetheless, these changes could be considered as limited impacts of the wind farm installation on this coastal trophic web structure and functioning.
Published: 2017

39. Reaction of an estuarine food web to disturbance: Lindeman’s perspective

Author: Joana Patrício, João Carlos Marques, Nathalie Niquil, Alexandra Baeta, Jérémy Lobry, Aurélie Chaalali, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), IMAR, Institute of Marine Research, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA IMAR COIMBRA PRT, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY ISPRA ITA, and Irstea Publications, Migration
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Ecological pyramid, Ecological network analysis, Aquatic Science, Ecological indicator, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, nutrient enrichment, Food chain, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ecosystem function, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Zostera, Coimbra [Portugal], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, disturbance, Ecosystem health, Food web models, Portugal, food web, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Trophic efficiency, Mondego estuary, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Food web, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, numerical model, estuarine environment
Abstract: Currently, a central demand of coastal and marine food web researchers is the search for holistic and functional ecosystem health indicators. Based on concepts directly derived from R. L. Lindeman’s work (Lindeman 1942; Ecology 23:399–418), 6 estuarine food web models were analysed to assess the potential impact of multiple disturbances on the trophic state of food webs. The models described a Zostera noltii meadow and a bare sediment site in the Mondego estuary, Portugal, during 3 distinct time periods corresponding to (1) nutrient enrichment, (2) the implementation of mitigation measures, and (3) after a centenary flood. We tested 4 candidate metrics, directly derived from the trophic-dynamic concepts proposed by Lindeman (1942): food chain length, the detritivory/herbivory ratio, trophic efficiency per trophic level and mean trophic efficiency. Based on this case study, none of the metrics are yet ready to be used per se as operational metrics to quantify and interpret the impact of disturbances on the ecosystem’s trophic state. Trophic efficiency appeared to be sensitive to external pressures. However, the mean trophic efficiency of the system might not be sufficient to draw conclusions about the trophic efficiency of the ecosystem: trophic efficiency should be observed at the trophic level in order to better understand cascading effects within food webs., JRC.H.1-Water Resources
Published: 2014

40. How does the resuspension of the biofilm alter the functioning of the benthos–pelagos coupled food web of a bare mudflat in Marennes-Oléron Bay (NE Atlantic)?

Author: Blanche Saint-Béat, Christine Dupuy, Hélène Agogué, Alexandre Carpentier, Julien Chalumeau, Serena Como, Valérie David, Margot De Crignis, Jean-Claude Duchêne, Camille Fontaine, Eric Feunteun, Katell Guizien, Hans Hartmann, Johann Lavaud, Sébastien Lefebvre, Christel Lefrançois, Clarisse Mallet, Hélène Montanié, Jean-Luc Mouget, Francis Orvain, Pascaline Ory, Pierre-Yves Pascal, Gilles Radenac, Pierre Richard, Alain F. Vézina, Nathalie Niquil, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station marine Dinard, Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), CNR Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Service de biologie moléculaire, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab-STICC_CNRS_CID_SFIIS, Département Image et Traitement Information (ITI), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biologie et environnement marins - LBEM (LBEML), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Microbial food web, Ecology, Intertidal zone, Pelagic zone, Aquatic Science, Sedimentation, Oceanography, Food web, Water column, Benthos, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level
Abstract: International audience; Intertidal mudflats are ecosystems submitted to natural hydrodynamical forcings during each tide. When the off-shore water flows at high tide, a proportion of the biofilm produced at low tide can be resuspended in the water column and interact with the pelagic food web. As a consequence, the resuspension creates a link between the benthos and the pelagos, modifying their properties and the stability of the meta-ecosystem they form together. The aim of this study is to describe the consequences of the microbial biofilm resuspension on the pelagic food web, and to investigate the question of the stability of the benthos–pelagos coupling resulting from the biofilm resuspension. Two food webs were considered, corresponding to different hydrodynamical conditions in sum-mer condition: one allowing the biofilm massive resuspension, and one without resuspension, but with particle sedimentation. The Monte-Carlo Markov Chain Linear Modelling was used to estimate the unknown flows of the food web. The comparison of the Ecological Network Analysis indices for the two food webs allowed defining their respective differences of structure and functioning. The results showed that the massive resuspension of the microbial biofilm stimulates pelagic primary production and microbial food web via a higher bacterivory. The higher activity of the whole system coupled with both a drop in the specialisation of the trophic pathways and a low cycling activity demonstrated that when massive resuspension occurs, the system is disturbed. In con-trast, when sedimentation occurs, the food webs show functioning features pointing out to a higher stability of the whole system.
Published: 2014

41. An assessment of the trophic structure of the Bay of Biscay continental shelf food web: Comparing estimates derived from an ecosystem model and isotopic data

Author: Paco Bustamante, Tiphaine Chouvelon, Géraldine Lassalle, Nathalie Niquil, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Aquatic Science, Trophic levels, Demersal fish, Isotopes, North-East Atlantic, Ecosystem model, Validation, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem management, Trophic level, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Continental shelf, Ecology, Geology, Pelagic zone, Ecopath model, Bay of Biscay, biology.organism_classification, Food web, Comparative studies, Oceanography, Environmental science, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Bay
Abstract: Comparing outputs of ecosystem models with estimates derived from experimental and observational approaches is important in creating valuable feedback for model construction, analyses and validation. Stable isotopes and mass-balanced trophic models are well-known and widely used as approximations to describe the structure of food webs, but their consistency has not been properly established as attempts to compare these methods remain scarce. Model construction is a data-consuming step, meaning independent sets for validation are rare. Trophic linkages in the French continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay food webs were recently investigated using both methodologies. Trophic levels for mono-specific compartments representing small pelagic fish and marine mammals and multi-species functional groups corresponding to demersal fish and cephalopods, derived from modelling, were compared with trophic levels calculated from independent carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. Estimates of the trophic niche width of those species, or groups of species, were compared between these two approaches as well. A significant and close-to-one positive (, n=16,p&nbsp
Published: 2014

42. What is marine biodiversity? Towards common concepts and their implications for assessing biodiversity status

Author: Sabine Cochrane, Jesper H. Andersen, Torsten Berg, Hugues Blanchet, Angel Borja, Jacob Carstensen, Michael Elliott, Herman Hummel, Nathalie Niquil, Paul E Renaud, Akvaplan-Niva [Tromsø], Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Institute of Food and Resource Economics [Copenhagen] (IFRO), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), MariLim Aquatic Research GmbH, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AZTI - Tecnalia, Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Hull [United Kingdom], Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conceptual models, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Marine Biodiversity, lcsh:QH1-199.5, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, assessment, Biodiversity, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, Space (commercial competition), lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Structuring, Natural (archaeology), components, Food-webs, Aquatic biodiversity research, Measurement of biodiversity, Marine Science, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Global and Planetary Change, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Corporate governance, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, ecosystems
Abstract: Biodiversity' is one of the most common keywords used in environmental sciences, spanning from research to management, nature conservation, and consultancy. Despite this, our understanding of the underlying concepts varies greatly, between and within disciplines as well as among the scientists themselves. Biodiversity can refer to descriptions or assessments of the status and condition of all or selected groups of organisms, from the genetic variability, to the species, populations, communities, and ecosystems. However, a concept of biodiversity also must encompass understanding the interactions and functions on all levels from individuals up to the whole ecosystem, including changes related to natural and anthropogenic environmental pressures. While biodiversity as such is an abstract and relative concept rooted in the spatial domain, it is central to most international, European, and national governance initiatives aimed at protecting the marine environment. These rely on status assessments of biodiversity which typically require numerical targets and specific reference values, to allow comparison in space and/or time, often in association with some external structuring factors such as physical and biogeochemical conditions. Given that our ability to apply and interpret such assessments requires a solid conceptual understanding of marine biodiversity, here we define this and show how the abstract concept can and needs to be interpreted and subsequently applied in biodiversity assessments.
Published: 2016

43. Large-scale regional comparisons of ecosystem processes: Methods and approaches

Author: Nathalie Niquil, Louis Legendre, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Typology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Biodiversity, data set, Large-scale, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystems, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ecosystem function, Ecosystem, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, comparative study, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ecosystem management, Structure (mathematical logic), business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Scale (chemistry), Environmental resource management, Methodology, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Comparative studies, Regions, marine ecosystem, Ecosystem management, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, numerical model, business
Abstract: Large-scale regional marine ecosystems can be compared for various processes that include their structure and biodiversity, functioning, services, and effects on biogeochemical processes. The comparisons can proceed from data up, or from conceptual models down, or from a combination of models and data. This study proposes a typology of methods and approaches that are currently used, or could possibly be used for making large-scale ecosystem comparisons. The various methods and approaches are illustrated with examples drawn from the literature. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2013

44. Uses of Innovative Modeling Tools within the Implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Author: Christian Möllmann, Guillem Chust, Suzanna Neville, Ana M. Queirós, Chiara Piroddi, Axel G. Rossberg, Yolanda Sagarminaga, Rodney M. Forster, Helena Veríssimo, Christian Wilson, Kieran Hyder, Marta Revilla, Laura Uusitalo, Nathalie Niquil, Ibon Galparsoro, Heliana Teixeira, Christopher P. Lynam, Letizia Tedesco, Joana Patrício, European Commission, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), European Commission [Brussels], Water Resources Unit [Ispra], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC)-European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), AZTI - Tecnalia, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Normandie Université (NU), University of Hamburg, University of Hull [United Kingdom], University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), and Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, marine management, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Good Environmental Status, Computer science, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, marine strategy framework directive, Ecosystem model, media_common.cataloged_instance, Marine Science, 14. Life underwater, European union, Decision-making, lcsh:Science, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Global and Planetary Change, ecosystem modeling, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Scale (chemistry), Environmental resource management, ecosystem modelling, 15. Life on land, Directive, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Ecosystem-based management, indicators, 13. Climate action, Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), assessment cycle, lcsh:Q, business
Abstract: In Europe and around the world, the approach to management of the marine environment has developed from the management of single issues (e.g., species and/or pressures) toward holistic Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) that includes aims to maintain biological diversity and protect ecosystem functioning. Within the European Union, this approach is implemented through the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC). Integrated Ecosystem Assessment is required by the Directive in order to assess Good Environmental Status (GES). Ecological modeling has a key role to play within the implementation of the MSFD, as demonstrated here by case studies covering a range of spatial scales and a selection of anthropogenic threats. Modeling studies have a strong role to play in embedding data collected at limited points within a larger spatial and temporal scale, thus enabling assessments of pelagic and seabed habitat. Furthermore, integrative studies using food web and ecosystem models are able to investigate changes in food web functioning and biological diversity in response to changes in the environment and human pressures. Modeling should be used to: support the development and selection of specific indicators; set reference points to assess state and the achievement of GES; inform adaptive monitoring programs and trial management scenarios. The modus operandi proposed shows how ecological modeling could support the decision making process leading to appropriate management measures and inform new policy., This manuscript is a result of DEVOTES (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biological diversity and assessing good Environmental Status) project, funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, “The Ocean of Tomorrow” Theme (grant agreement no. 308392), www.devotes-project.eu.
Published: 2016

45. From species distributions to ecosystem structure and function: A methodological perspective

Author: Jérémy Lobry, Géraldine Lassalle, Aurélie Chaalali, Marina Chifflet, Blanche Saint-Béat, Laurent Bopp, Georges Safi, Samuele Tecchio, Virginie Raybaud, François Le Loc'h, Grégory Beaugrand, Nathalie Niquil, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Musee oceanographique de Monaco, Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AZTI - Tecnalia, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 308392,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2012-two-stage,DEVOTES(2012), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ecological niche, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Effects of global warming, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Small pelagics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, ACL, Environmental resource management, Ecological Network Analysis, Cumulative effects, Pelagic zone, Food web, 15. Life on land, Linear Inverse Model, Ecological network, Ecological Modelling, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Climate-induced changes
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE; International audience; As species biology and ecology is profoundly influenced by climate, any climatic alteration may have severe consequences on marine pelagic ecosystems and their food webs. It remains challenging to estimate the influence of climate on both structural and functional properties of food webs. In this study, we proposed an innovative approach to assess the propagating effects of climate change on ecosystem food web. The approach is based on a sensitivity analysis of a food-web model, a linear inverse model using a Monte Carlo method coupled with a Markov Chain, in which changes in the values of parameters are driven by external Ecological Niche Model outputs. Our sensitivity analysis was restricted to parameters regarding a keystone functional group in marine ecosystems, i.e. small pelagic fish. At the ecosystem level, the consequences were evaluated using both structural and functional ecological network indices. The approach is innovative as it is the first time that these three methods were combined to assess ecological network indices sensitivity to future climatic pressure. This coupling method was applied on the French continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay for which a food-web model already exists and where future changes in the distribution of small pelagic fish have already been examined through model building and projections. In response to the sensitivity analysis corresponding to an increase in small pelagics production only, our results suggested a more active system with an intense plankton-small pelagics-seabirds chain and an efficient recycling to maximize detritus use in the system in relation with detritus export. All results combined together seemed to be in favor of a system adapting to sustain the tested increase in production of small pelagic planktivores. Finally, regarding the innovative combination of numerical tools presented, even if further investigations are still necessary to get a more realistic view of cumulative effects resulting from one given pressure (or more) on a food web (e.g. altering different biological compartments at the same time), the Ecological Network Analysis indices values showed a higher variability under the scenarios of change. Our study thus pointed out a promising methodology to assess propagating changes in structural and functional ecosystem properties.
Published: 2016

46. Evaluating ecosystem-level anthropogenic impacts in a stressed transitional environment: The case of the Seine estuary

Author: Marie Cachera, Nathalie Niquil, Justine Lequesne, Valérie Girardin, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Armonie Tous Rius, Aurore Raoux, Géraldine Lassalle, Samuele Tecchio, Philippe Riou, Jérémy Lobry, Aurélie Chaalali, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Nicolas Oresme (LMNO), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources de Normandie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Nicolas Oresme ( LMNO ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seine estuary, General Decision Sciences, Estuarine ecosystem, Ecological succession, Linear inverse model, 01 natural sciences, E3, media_common.cataloged_instance, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, European union, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Trophic level, geography, Biomass (ecology), Ecosystem health, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, English Channel, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Estuary, 15. Life on land, Food web, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: 00000; International audience; During 2002–2005, a new container terminal in the commercial harbour of Le Havre, named “Port2000”, was built on the northern flank of the Seine estuary, northern France. This extension is already known to have modified the estuary current and sediment dynamics, as well as reducing biomass of the suprabenthos assemblage, for the whole downstream part of the system. However, studies on other biotic communities were largely inconclusive, and an ecosystem-wide analysis was still lacking. Here, we performed a before/after study of ecosystem dynamics of the different habitats of the Seine estuary, using a Linear Inverse Modelling technique (LIM-MCMC) to estimate all flows occurring in the food web. Ecological Network Analysis indices were calculated, summarising ecosystem functioning traits and giving indications about the habitat health status. Results showed that the southern flank (FS, Fosse Sud) exhibits all characteristics to be considered as the least stressed habitat of the estuary: system activity and functional specialisation of flows were stable between periods, ecosystem recycling processes and detrital dynamics were also stable; an increase in trophic specialisation (decrease in system omnivory) was the only change confirming a general ecological succession. The northern flank (FN, Fosse Nord), where the actual terminal was built, showed a food web with increased importance of lower trophic levels (increased detritivory and carbon recycling), increased stability and flow efficiency, but possibly regressed to a previous step in ecological succession. In the central navigation channel (CH), patterns of network indices were overall inconclusive and the general image is one of a constantly shifting food web, a condition possibly caused by the year-round dredging activities. The functioning of the Seine estuary – especially of FN and FS – seems to have been modified by the combination of harbour construction and the related mitigation measures. Network indices partially captured this combination of changes and, although not fully operational yet, they are promising tools to comply with the European Union mandate of defining ecosystem health status.
Published: 2016

47. Preface B

Author: Harald Marencic, Nathalie Niquil, and Louis Marrou
Subjects: History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, World heritage, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Ancient history, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published: 2012

48. An ecosystem approach for the assessment of fisheries impacts on marine top predators: the Bay of Biscay case study

Author: Jérôme Spitz, Vincent Ridoux, Géraldine Lassalle, Didier Gascuel, M.B. Santos, François Le Loc'h, Graham J. Pierce, Jérémy Lobry, Nathalie Niquil, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fishing, Aquatic Science, fisheries impacts, trophic level, Oceanography, Ecopath, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, EcoSim, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, marine mammals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Apex predator, Trophic level, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ecosystem modelling, EcoTroph, Discards, Bycatch, Fishery, Overexploitation, 13. Climate action, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, Environmental science, FISHERIES
Abstract: Lassalle, G., Gascuel, D., Le Loc'h, F., Lobry, J., Pierce, G. J., Ridoux, V., Santos, M. B., Spitz, J., and Niquil, N. 2012. An ecosystem approach for the assessment of fisheries impacts on marine top predators: the Bay of Biscay case study. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 925–938. A number of marine mammal populations is currently threatened by their interactions with fisheries. The present study aimed to provide insights into the severity of potential impacts of operational and biological interactions between top predators and fisheries, in the Bay of Biscay region. Our approach was to modify an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model describing the overall structure and function of the ecosystem by including landings and discards of exploited stocks and estimations of the bycatch of non-target compartments. Second, a set of ecological indices and a trophic level (TL)-based model (EcoTroph, ET) were derived from the EwE model. ET was used to simulate the effects of increasing fishing pressure on the ecosystem and, more particularly, on top predators. The Bay of Biscay was demonstrated to be not far from overexploitation at the current fishing rate, this phenomenon being particularly noticeable for the highest TLs. Within the toothed cetacean community, bottlenose dolphins appeared the most sensitive to resource depletion, whereas common dolphins and harbour porpoises were most impacted by their incidental captures in fishing gears. This study provides a methodological framework to assess the impacts of fisheries on ecosystems for which EwE, or other ecosystem models, already exist.
Published: 2012

49. Phytoplankton chytridiomycosis: community structure and infectivity of fungal parasites in aquatic ecosystems

Author: Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Nathalie Niquil, and Serena Rasconi
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, fungi, Parasitism, 15. Life on land, Plankton, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 6. Clean water, Food web, 03 medical and health sciences, 13. Climate action, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, Chytridiomycosis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Trophic level
Abstract: Fungal parasitism is recurrent in plankton communities, especially in the form of parasitic chytrids. However, few attempts have been made to study the community structure and activity of parasites at the natural community level. To analyse the dynamics of zoosporic fungal parasites (i.e. chytrids) of phytoplankton, samples were collected from February to December 2007 in two freshwater lakes. Infective chytrids were omnipresent in lakes, with higher diversity of parasites and infected phytoplankton than in previous studies. The abundance and biomass of parasites were significantly higher in the productive Lake Aydat than in the oligomesotrophic Lake Pavin, while the infection prevalence in both lakes were similar and averaged about 20%. The host species composition and their size appeared as critical for chytrid infectivity, the larger hosts being more vulnerable, including pennate diatoms and desmids in both lakes. The highest prevalence (98%) was noted for the autumn bloom of the cyanobacterium Anabaena flosaquae facing the parasite Rhizosiphon crassum in Lake Aydat. Because parasites killed their hosts, this implies that cyanobacterial blooms, and other large size inedible phytoplankton blooms as well, may not totally represent trophic bottlenecks because their zoosporic parasites can release dissolved substrates for microbial processes through host destruction, and provide energetic particles as zoospores for grazers. Overall, we conclude that the parasitism by zoosporic fungi represents an important ecological driving force in the food web dynamics of aquatic ecosystems, and infer general empirical models on chytrid seasonality and trophodynamics in lakes.
Published: 2012

50. Exploring and quantifying fungal diversity in freshwater lake ecosystems using rDNA cloning/sequencing and SSU tag pyrosequencing

Author: Mélanie Gerphagnon, Magali Chabé, Serena Rasconi, Sébastien Monchy, Eric Viscogliosi, Marlène Jobard, Dionigia Meloni, Amandine Cian, Giovanna Sanciu, Nathalie Niquil, Urania Christaki, and Télesphore Sime-Ngando
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Ecology, Lake ecosystem, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Pelagic zone, 15. Life on land, Biology, Microbiology, 6. Clean water, 18S ribosomal RNA, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial ecology, Pyrosequencing, Ribosomal DNA, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Water samples were collected along transects from the shore to the centre of two French lakes: the deep, volcanic, oligomesotrophic and low allochthonic-impacted Lake Pavin, and the productive and higher allochthonic-impacted Lake Aydat. The biodiversity was analysed using two approaches: the classical approach consisting of cloning/sequencing of the 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 and partial 28S region using primers designed for fungus sequences, and the pyrosequencing of 18S rRNA hypervariable V2, V3 and V5 regions using two primer sets (one universal for eukaryotes and one for fungi). The classical approach yielded 146 (Lake Pavin) and 143 (Lake Aydat) sequences, corresponding to 46 and 63 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) respectively. Fungi represented half of the OTUs identified in Lake Pavin and 30% in Lake Aydat, and were dominated by sequences from Chytridiomycota found throughout Lake Pavin but mostly in the central pelagic zone of Lake Aydat. The pyrosequencing approach yielded 42,064 (Pavin) and 61,371 (Aydat) reads, of which 12-15% and 9-19% reads were assigned to fungi in Lakes Pavin and Aydat respectively. Chytridiomycota members were also dominant among these reads, with OTUs displaying up to > 33-fold overrepresentation in the centre compared with the riparian areas of Lake Aydat. Besides fungi, both approaches revealed other major eukaryote groups, with the highest diversity in the central areas of lakes. One of the major findings of our study was that the two lakes displayed contrasting spatial distributions, homogenous for Lake Pavin and heterogeneous for Lake Aydat, which may be related to their peculiarities. This study represents the first unveiling of microbial eukaryote and fungus diversity assessed with two complementary molecular methods, and is considered a major milestone towards understanding the dynamics and ecology of fungi in freshwater lake ecosystems, which are directly link to the abundance and distribution of taxa.
Published: 2011

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