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In accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2017, the testing laboratory needs to verify its ability to properly perform methods. For radiological testing, the sampling does not affect the results directly, but it has to ensure that sample adequately represents the tested material. To verify the procedure, a sampling of red mud and bauxite ore was conducted. All samples were measured in identical geometry by HPGe spectrometer. The counting rates per unit mass in the recorded spectra were compared. For each measurement series, the mean and standard deviations of respected peaks were calculated, as well as average and standard deviation of all series. The obtained results of each individual series were considered satisfactory, i.e. sampling procedure ensures the representativeness of the bulk material, if it is within ± two standard deviations of the average of the mean values.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as the pollutants of highest priority, and their remediation is of a global concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phytoremediation potential of Hedera helix (Hh) determining the content of 16 priority PAHs in its soil and root samples collected from the rural and industrial zones of the Bor's municipality (Serbia). The content of Ʃ16 PAHs in the soils was: 326.49 mg/kg at the site Borsko jezero to maximal 1937.64 mg/kg at the site Slatinsko naselje. The level of soil pollution (depending on the concentration of S16 PAHs), was high at many tested sites and it was under the significant influence of anthropogenic activities. The concentration for S16 PAHs in the samples of roots ranged from 480.71 mg/kg at the site Krivelj to 1748.32 mg/kg at the site Naselje Sunce. Interestingly, the extremely toxic benzo(a)pyrene, was not detected in the roots of Hh. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were applied to determine the capacity of Hh for PAH accumulation in the root, and consequently, for determination of its phytostabilization potential. In most cases, BCF values were higher at the locations from UI zone. The calculated BCFs were higher for LMW PAHs than for HMW PAHs. At the majority of the investigated locations, the tested plant species was especially successful in the root accumulation of the compounds such as acenaphthene, fluorene, anthracene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, and the sum of benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(b)fluoranthene. These findings showed that Hh can be successfully used in phytostabilization of many PAHs.

Kratak sadržaj Nove operativne i projektantske prakse nameću niz izazova u problemu upravljanja generatorima koji rade povezani na iste visokonaponske sabirnice. Pri tome je potrebno očuvati maksimalnu reaktivnu marginu generatora uz kontinualno uravnoteženo zagrevanja generatora. U Termoelektrani „Kostolac A“ zamenjen je blok transformator generatora A1. Izabran je blok transformator sa promenljivim prenosnim odnosom. Ukupni regulacioni opseg blok transformatora ne pokriva prenosni odnos blok-transformatora generatora A2. U radu je kroz niz proračuna sprovedena analiza optimalne alokacije reaktivnih snaga među generatorima postupkom optimizacije sa ograničenjima. Za izabrani optimizacioni kriterijum analiziran je uticaj napona u tački priključenja. Pokazalo se da u zavisnosti od uslova u tački priključenja može doći do razdvajanja reaktivnih regulacionih opsega generatora A1 i A2 i da je potrebno prema naponu u tački priključenja izabrati najpovoljniji prenosni odnos. Proračuni su izvršeni i izabran je optimalni položaj preklopke.

The pandemic of the COVID-19 virus disease has resulted in significant changes in everyday life. As a result, two-thirds of the urban population has been forced to alter previously established travel habits. With this in mind, the international scientific community wonders if the newly formed travel habits could be maintained after the pandemic is over. This paper presents the findings of a survey conducted among students in Kragujevac prior to and during the COVID-19 virus pandemic. Furthermore, the citizens' expectations regarding the change in travel habits following the end of the pandemic are presented. For a period of five years, the survey was conducted once a year on students at the Faculty of Engineering in Kragujevac (Serbia). According to the survey results, during the pandemic, the car was considered a more comfortable mode of transportation than before. When compared to before the pandemic, the share of student families with two cars increased by 15%. The number of cyclists has also increased, making the lack of bike paths during the pandemic a more visible issue than previously. The students polled believe that once the pandemic is over, they will walk more and continue to rely on public transportation as before.

Ground Air Radioactivity Monitoring (GRAMON) database is a recently established collection containing activity concentrations of gamma emitters in aerosol samples. The measurements come from Serbia (sampling site Belgrade), Slovenia (sampling sites Ljubljana and Krško), Bosnia and Herzegovina (sampling site Sarajevo), Montenegro (sampling site Podgorica), and North Macedonia (sampling sites Skopje and Bitola), thus covering the northern and central parts of the Balkan Peninsula. As a database arising from the monitoring programmes in several countries, GRAMON is not fully homogeneous in terms of the radionuclides and time periods studied. For example, the beryllium-7 records are available for all sampling sites, while the lead-210 records only in Serbia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The time series for Serbia and Slovenia began in 1991, for Montenegro and North Macedonia in 2008, and for Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2010. However, sampling, sample preparation, and measurement procedures across the sites and laboratories are similar. In brief, aerosol samples are collected on filter papers using air samplers. Activity concentrations of radionuclides are determined by standard gamma spectrometry using high-purity germanium detectors. The time series contain monthly mean activity concentrations. Since only some of the GRAMON records have been previously published, this database provides a source for radioactivity research in the region that has been underrepresented in large-scale studies. We further hope to expand the number of contributing laboratories and cover a wider region of Europe, especially its southern and eastern parts. Book of abstracts

The paper presents three-dimensional numerical models of short concrete-filled steel tubular circular columns that can successfully describe the column behaviour under axial compression. Several of the most commonly used material models for the steel part and a concrete portion of the column are evaluated in the models. In addition, the paper presents a new proposal for the extension of the Eurocode 2 stress-strain relation to make it suitable for describing the complex behaviour of concrete inside the steel tube. This model overcomes the current limitations of the Eurocode 2 design guide, referring to the limitation for the concrete curve in compression to 3.5%o strain. The ultimate axial column strength obtained by the proposed model is compared to the ultimate column capacity calculated by a simplified method provided in Eurocode 4. All presented numerical models are validated on a set of experiments from the literature and demonstrate good agreement. The comments about the accuracy of each model are provided, along with the identified limitations.

Moždani udar je na drugom mjestu najčešćih uzroka smrtnosti i invaliditeta u svim zemljama svijeta, odmah nakon ishemijske bolesti srca. Prema statističkim analizama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije iz 2019. godine, godišnje otprilike 15 milijuna ljudi u svijetu doživi moždani udar, od čega dolazi do smrtnog ishoda u 5-6 milijuna slučajeva, a otprilike 5 milijuna ljudi ostaje trajno onesposobljeno što opterećuje obitelj, zajednicu i zdravstveni sustav. Dakle, moždani udar odgovoran je za 11% svih smrtnih slučajeva. Uz nekoliko nepromjenjivih, mnogo promjenjivih čimbenika rizika može povećati rizik od ishemijskog moždanog udara, a među najznačajnijima su arterijska hipertenzija i pušenje. Akutni ishemijski moždani udar, definira se kao neurološki poremećaj koji nastaje kao posljedica otežanog ili u potpunosti prekinutog protoka krvi u krvnim žilama koje dovode krv do mozga i obuhvaća 80% svih moždanih udara. Patofiziologija ishemijskog moždanog udara započinje nakupljanjem plaka na stjenkama arterija, što dovodi do suženja lumena arterija i posljedično do smanjenog protoka krvi kroz iste, a do potpunog prekida cirkulacije krvi kroz arterije zahvaćene aterosklerozom može doći zbog tromboze ili embolije. Najčešći simptomi uključuju hemiplegiju/hemiparezu, dizartriju, disfagiju i glavobolju. Iako specifična klinička slika najčešće ukazuje na ishemijski moždani udar, dijagnoza se potvrđuje CT-om ili MRI-om. Pri tipičnom ishemijskom moždanom udaru 1,9 milijuna neurona, 14 milijardi sinapsi i 12 km mijeliniziranih vlakana uništava se tijekom svake minute trajanja ishemije, stoga je je rekanalizaciju zahvaćene krvne žile i prevencija sekundarne neuronske ozljede imperativ liječenja ishemijskog moždanog udara. Rekanalizacija začepljene krvne žile postiže se sistemskom trombolizom ili mehaničkom trombektomijom. Iako je intravenozna primjena rekombiniranog tkivnog aktivatora plazminogena (rtPA), poznatog i kao alteplaza, glavni način liječenja ishemijskog moždanog udara, učinkovitost mehaničkog uklanjanja ugruška je višestruko dokazana mnogim provedenim studijama., Stroke is the second most common cause of death and disability in all countries of the world, right after ischemic heart disease. According to statistical analyzes by the World Health Organization from 2019, approximately 15 million people worldwide experience a stroke each year, resulting in death in 5-6 million cases, and approximately 5 million people remain permanently disabled, which burdens the family, community, and health system. So, stroke is responsible for 11% of all deaths. With a few invariants, many variable risk factors can increase the risk of ischemic stroke, and among the most significant are arterial hypertension and smoking. Acute ischemic stroke is defined as a neurological disorder that occurs because of impaired or completely interrupted blood flow in the blood vessels that carry blood to the brain and covers 80% of all strokes. The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke begins with the accumulation of plaque on the walls of arteries, which leads to narrowing of the lumen of arteries and consequently to reduced blood flow through them, and complete cessation of blood circulation through arteries affected by atherosclerosis can occur due to thrombosis or embolism. The most common symptoms include hemiplegia/hemiparesis, dysarthria, dysphagia, and headache. Although a specific clinical manifestation most often indicates an ischemic stroke, the diagnosis is confirmed by CT or MRI. In a typical ischemic stroke, 1.9 million neurons, 14 billion synapses, and 12 km of myelinated fibers are destroyed during each minute of ischemia, so recanalization of the affected blood vessel and prevention of secondary neuronal injury is imperative in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Recanalization of a clogged blood vessel is achieved by systemic thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy. Although intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), also known as alteplase, is the main treatment for ischemic stroke, the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy has been proven many times over in many studies.

Beryllium-7 is a natural radionuclide used as a tracer of the stratospheric-tropospheric exchange. Its abundance in the surface air is expected to change as the temperatures in the atmosphere increase. To investigate the temporal trends of the beryllium-7 activity concentrations and temperature, we apply spectral analysis to time series from three sampling sites: Belgrade in Serbia, and Ljubljana and Krško in Slovenia. The sites lie close to the 45 ºN parallel, with Krško approximately 400 km and Ljubljana around 500 km west of Belgrade. Between January 1991 and December 2019, the air filter samples were collected using air samplers; a monthly composite sample was formed and analysed by gamma spectrometry. We use monthly mean temperature records from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset, the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia for Belgrade, and the Slovenian Environment Agency for the sites in Slovenia. In the spectral analysis decomposition, we look into a term called trend that represents the overall growth (increase or decrease) in the data records. The trend is calculated using a linear fit. All three sites show 1) positive temperature trends, however statistically insignificant (at the 95 % confidence level), and 2) statistically significant beryllium-7 activity concentration trends of 2.26 %/year, 1.13 %/year, and 0.50 %/year in Belgrade, Ljubljana, and Krško, respectively. The results confirm our initial hypothesis–over the 28 investigated years, the beryllium-7 activity concentrations increase in the surface air. On the other hand, the non-significant temperature rise in our records suggests that within our method, the temporal resolution of one month is insufficient for obtaining a statistically significant temperature trend.

In accordance with ISO/IC 17025:2017 testing laboratory shall have a procedure for monitoring the validity of results that includes regular participation in interlaboratory comparisons. Interlaboratory comparison RADON2021 was organized in the frame of the bilateral project between Serbia and Montenegro: “Measurement of the radon equilibrium factor in typical residential buildings in Serbia and Montenegro and harmonization of radon measurement techniques” in order to assess congruence of different measurement techniques, and then harmonize methods in case of inconsistencies. Harmonization is of particular importance to neighboring countries, in order to avoid inconsistencies in the classification of radon risk zones along border areas. Thus, six regional laboratories took part in the intercomparison – three from Belgrade and one from Novi Sad, Serbia; one from Podgorica, Montenegro; one from Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. All laboratories participated in the indoor radon measurements, while 4 laboratories measured radon in the soil also. The measurement methods and detectors used by the laboratories were: • for air - EPA 402-R-92-004 – Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Devices Protocols, ch. 3.1. with RAD 7, RTM1688-2 and RadonEye; EPA 520/5-87-005 – 1987 EERF Standard Operating Procedures for Rn-222 Measurement Using Charcoal Canisters, ch. 3.4 using adsorption on charcoal canisters; ISO 11665- 4: Measurement of radioactivity in the environment – Air Radon 222: Part 4: Integrated measurement method for determining average activity concentration using passive sampling and delayed analysis with Electretes, and • for soil gas - ISO 11665-11:2016 Measurement of radioactivity in the environment — Air: radon-222 — Part 11: Test method for soil gas with sampling at depth by using active devices RTM1688-2 and RAD 7. The measurements were performed in real conditions where the radon concentration varied following a typical daily variation. Indoor radon concentrations were measured at four locations, while radon measurements in soil were performed at one location, all at the Vinča Institute site in the period from October 1 to October 8, 2021. The exposure period was consistent with a typical soil and indoor radon measurement protocols. The radon concentration in the soil was measured at depths of 20 cm and 80 cm. The robust mean and robust standard deviation were calculated as the mean of all measured radon concentrations (excluding outliers) and their standard deviation. Reference values of indoor radon covered the wide range of concentrations: (65 ± 9) Bq m-3 , (519 ± 80) Bq m-3 , (900 ± 160) Bq m-3 , (1980 ± 160) Bq m-3 , while in the soil reference values were (13350 ± 780) Bq m-3 and (26100 ± 2400) Bq m-3 at 20 cm and 80 cm depth, respectively. In order to assess whether there is a statistically significant difference between individual measurement results and the reference value, the Z - test was used as a criterion for success. If, for the calculated z value, |z| < 2 the result is satisfactory, if 2 < |z| < 3 the result is questionable, while for |z| > 3 result is not acceptable. All results of indoor radon measurements were satisfactory, except in the case of one measurement (for the lowest reference value) with electret, that was at the detection limit. Three laboratories had satisfactory results of radon concentration measurements in the soil, while the results of one laboratory were systematically lower, with z

Svaka organizacija zavisi od kvaliteta njenih zaposlenih. Zaposleni su ključni pokretač svih poslovnih procesa i aktivnosti. U ovom radu ukazano je na ulogu i značaj zaposlenih u realizaciji onlajn nastave u uslovima pandemije Covid-19. Rezultati istraživanja, u kojem je tokom 2021. godine učestvovalo 70 zaposlenih iz dve osnovne škole u Republici Srbiji, pokazali su da su se zaposleni suočili sa brojnim izazovima prilikom prelaska na onlajn nastavu. Ključni izazovi sa kojima se nastavno osoblje suočilo bili su: nedostatak znanja i veština za rad sa novim tehnologijama i platformama, povećan obim posla (priprema materijala u onlajn formi, postavljanje materijala na platforme, stalna dostupnost učenicima, rad sa dve grupe učenika), poteškoće u realizaciji pojedinih nastavnih celina onlajn putem, poteškoće prilikom provere znanja učenika, nedostatak adekvatnih sredstava za rad i izloženost dodatnom stepenu stresa. Rezultati istraživanja su ukazali i na određene prednosti onlajn nastave: mogućnost da bolesni učenici prate nastavu, dostupnost nastavnih materijala, dostupnost nastavnika za sva pitanja, smanjen rizik zaraze, ušteda vremena na putovanje do škole, razvijanje informaciono-komunikacionih veština i kod nastavnika i kod učenika.

The paper presents the numerical modelling of concrete-filled steel tube stub columns under axial compression. The nonlinear 3D finite element model for the analysis was developed using ABAQUS software. The modelling, boundary conditions, the constitutive models for steel and concrete and contact interaction between the steel tube and concrete surface are discussed in detail. Three numerical models are proposed and validated using collected experimental data results. Finally, the composite column axial capacity is compared with the Eurocode 4 calculations for composite columns.

Radon flux measurements provide information about how much radon rises from the ground toward the atmosphere, thus, they could serve as good predictors of indoor radon concentrations. Although there are many different mapping methods with many different input data, radon flux data are generally missing and are not included for the delineation of radon priority areas (RPA). The aim of this literature review is to investigate to what extent radon flux was used, or could be used, for the delineation of RPAs. Numerous factors influencing radon flux were identified, but quantifying their contribution to radon flux measurement still remains a challenge. Different methods and measuring devices were used for the determination of radon flux, thus it is necessary to identify possible inconsistencies in order to harmonise different radon flux measurements. Due to the complexity of radon flux measurements, only two countries were identified to have performed national surveys on outdoor radon, which were of much smaller scale compared to those on indoor radon. A positive correlation between radon flux and radon quantities, such as radon in soil gas and indoor radon, indicates that radon flux could be used as an input parameter for the estimation of RPA. By reviewing radon flux models, it was concluded that up-to-date modelled radon flux maps have reached excellent spatial resolution and will be further improved, hence, they could serve as an input for the estimation and delineation of RPA.

Doses from the exposure to outdoor radon are typically an order of magnitude smaller than those from indoor radon, causing a greater interest on investigation of the latter for radiation protection issues. As a consequence, assessment of radon priority areas (RPA) is mainly based on indoor radon measurements. Outdoor radon measurements might be needed to guarantee a complete estimation of radiological risk and may help to improve the estimation of RPA. Therefore, authors have analysed the available literature on outdoor radon to give an overview of outdoor radon surveys and potential correlation with indoor radon and estimation of RPA. The review has shown that outdoor radon surveys were performed at much smaller scale compared to indoor radon. Only a few outdoor radon maps were produced, with a much smaller density, covering a larger area, and therefore putting doubt on the representativeness of this data. Due to a large variety of techniques used for outdoor radon measurements and requirement to have detectors with a high sensitivity and resistance to harsh environmental conditions, a standardised measurement protocol should be derived. This is no simple endeavour since there are more applications in different scientific disciplines for outdoor radon measurements compared to indoor radon.

The present study investigates variability of headspace needle volatiles in native population of Abies x boisii-regis (King Boris fir) from the central Rhodopes (southern Bulgaria) as well as the relationships among this and seventeen previously studied fir populations from the presumed zones of natural hybridization in the Balkan Peninsula. According to multivariate statistical analyses, all four populations identified as A. x borisii-regis from southern Bulgaria, northern and central Greece included volatile profiles of both supposed parent species (A. alba and A. cephalonica), where profile frequencies changed clinally along the latitudinal gradient. Considering that one of the indicators of the presence of a hybrid zone is the clinical variation of all or a larger number of characters located in the same area, the observed geographic distribution of volatile entities supports the hypothesis that studied A. x borisii-regis populations are of secondary origin due to hybridization between A. alba and A. cephalonica.

Obrazovanje je jedan od najvažnijih čimbenika za stvaranje suvremenih gospodarstava utemeljenih na znanju pa je zbog toga predmeta interesa ekonomista diljem svijeta. Ulaganje u ljudski kapital već se dugo gleda kao važna odrednica ekonomske dobrobiti. Osim što doprinosi ekonomskom razvoju države u suvremenim uvjetima globalizacije i sve veće konkurentnosti, ne smije se zaboraviti da obrazovanje znači i dobrobit i bolji život svakog pojedinca. Zbog toga je važno naglasak staviti na promišljeno ulaganje, odnosno kvalitetu, a ne samo kvantitetu. Ovim radom željelo se prikazati trenutno stanje javnog ulaganja u obrazovanje u Hrvatskoj u odnosu na zemlje članice OECD-a, i to kroz pokazatelje koji prikazuju stanje ulaganja u obrazovanje spomenutih zemalja u odnosu na BDP i ukupnu državnu potrošnju. Iako se pokazalo da se Hrvatska izvukla iz krize i da svojim postotcima ulaganja može parirati razvijenim zemljama, obrazovni sustav u Hrvatskoj i dalje ima brojne poteškoće te je jasno da proračunskim izdatcima trebalo kvalitetnije upravljati. Education is one of the most important factors for the creation of modern knowledge-based economies, and because of this, it is a subject of economic interest around the world. Investing in human capital has long been seen as an important determinant of economic benefits. In addition to contributing to the economic development of countries in the modern conditions of globalization and increasing competitiveness, it must not be forgotten that education means the well-being and better life of every individual. That is why it is important to emphasize putting a thoughtful investment on education financing, and it is quality, not just quantity. This paper presents the current state of public education financing in Croatia in relation to OECD member countries, through indicators that show the state of investment in education in these countries in relation to GDP and total government spending. Although it has been shown that Croatia has emerged from the crisis and that its investment percentages can match developed countries, the education system in Croatia still has many difficulties and it is clear that budget expenditures need to be better managed.

Istraživanja obuhvaćena ovom studijom predstavljaju prikaz efekata svojstava tla različitih poljoprivrednih koncepata na migraciju antropogenih radionuklida, 90Sr i 137Cs. Za potrebe ovog rada, izvršeno je uzorkovanje obradivog zemljišta na dve dubine na teritoriji grada Beograda tokom 2014. godine. U uzorcima zemljišta su određene fizičko−hemijske osobine i specifične aktivnosti ispitanih radionuklida. Radiohemijska analitička metoda je primenjena za određivanje sadržaja 90Sr, dok je specifična aktivnost 137Cs određena primenom gamaspektrometrijske metode. Ispitivanje efekata svojstava analiziranih uzoraka obradivog zemljišta na migraciju 90Sr i 137Cs, izvršeno je statističkim metodama analize. Primenom linearne korelacione analize utvrđeni su dominantni fizičko−hemijski parametri koji utiču na migraciju 90Sr i 137Cs u poljoprivrednom zemljištu. The research included by this study presents the effects of soil properties of different agricultural concepts to the migration of anthropogenic radionuclides, 90Sr and 137Cs. For the purposes of this paper, sampling of agricultural soil at two depths on the territory of the city of Belgrade during 2014 was performed. The physico−chemical properties of investigated soil, as well as the specific activities of the mentioned radionuclides were determined. The radiochemical analytical method was used to determine the 90Sr content, while the specific activity of 137Cs was determined using the gamma spectrometric method. Examination of the effects of soil properties on the migration of anthropogenic radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs, based on the analyzed soil samples, was performed by statistical methods of analysis. By applying linear correlation analysis, the dominant physico−chemical parameters that affect the migration of 90Sr and 137Cs in agricultural soil were determined. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

Programom sistematskog ispitivanja nivoa radioaktivnosti u životnoj sredini na teritoriji Beograda predviđeno je merenje koncentracije radona (222Rn) u stambenim objektima, školskim i predškolskim ustanovama. Laboratorija "Zaštita", Instituta za nuklearne nauke "Vinča" je u periodu 2016-2020. izvršila ispitivanja u 547 prostorija (99 u stambenim objektima, 341 u školskim ustanovama i 107 u predškolskim jedinicama). Prosečna koncentracija 222Rn je iznosila 105 Bq/m3, a koncentarcija ispod 100 Bq/m3 je izmerena u 76,60 % prostorija. Vrednost od 400 Bq/m3 je prekoračena u 4,94 % prostorija. Od 15 beogradskih opština, koliko je pokriveno ovim istraživanjem, u 8 je detektovana koncentracija iznad 400 Bq/m3. Maksimalna izmerena vrednost u stambenim objektima je iznosila 3550 Bq/m3, dok je u vaspitno-obrazovnim ustanovama najveća detektovana koncentracija bila 1910 Bq/m3. The program of the level of radioactivity in the environment monitoring on the territory of Belgrade envisages measuring the concentration of radon in residential buildings, schools and kindergartens. The Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection of the Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca" conducted examination in 547 rooms (99 in residential buildings, 341 in schools and 107 in kindergartens) in the period 2016-2020. The average concentration of 222Rn is 105 Bq/m3, and the concentration below 100 Bq/m3 was measured in 76.60 % of the rooms. The value of 400 Bq/m3 was exceeded in 4.94 % of the rooms. Out of 15 Belgrade municipalities covered by this research, a concentration above 400 Bq/m3 was detected in 8 municipalities. The maximum measured value in residential buildings was 3550 Bq/m3, while in educational institutions the highest detected concentration was 1910 Bq/m3. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

The paper compares the following methods for analysis of composite steel-concrete beams: the “exact” analysis method, simplified method, effective modulus method and the method proposed by Eurocode 4 design code. The exact analysis method is based on the application of linear integral operators. Simplified analysis is derived from the exact method and adopts the assumption that generalized displacements change linearly with the concrete creep function. Effective modulus method and the method proposed by the Eurocode 4 design code are algebraic methods, widely used in practice. The results obtained using the mentioned four methods are compared on one example.

Angažovanost zaposlenih predstavlja faktor koji je od presudne važnosti za opstanak i uspeh svake organizacije. Energija, entuzijazam, optimizam, trud, zalaganje, iskrenost, otvorenost za saradnju, deljenje znanja i pružanje pomoći kolegama predstavljaju ključne karakteristike angažovanih zaposlenih. Pitanje angažovanosti zaposlenih se nalazi na vrhu liste prioriteta lidera svake uspešne organizacije, ali ovo pitanje posebno dolazi do izražaja u kriznim situacijama. Kriza sa kojom su se, bez izuzetka, suočile sve organizacije, izazvana je Covid-19 pandemijomkoja je početkom 2020. godine dovela do brojnih promena u načinu funkcionisanja i poslovanja. Lideri organizacija su morali da pronađu nove načine da motivišu i angažuju zaposlene u novim okolnostima. U tu svrhu, mnogi lideri su se okrenuli različitim modelima angažovanosti koji na jednostavan način prikazuju ključne faktore koji pozitivno utiču na angažovanost zaposlenih. U ovom radu su prikazani i opisani modeli angažovanosti Schmidt-a, Britt-a i saradnika, Zinger-a, modeli angažovanosti konsultantskih kuća Penna, Burke, Boston, ThomasInternational, TalentKeepers i model angažovanosti ljudi – profit (CARE model). Primenom modela, lideri mogu na lakši način da identifikuju, a zatim i da utiču na ključne faktore koji pozitivno utiču na angažovanost zaposlenih.

The paper presents the calculation of continuous composite steel-concrete beams with a partial shear connection and ductile shear connectors. The algorithm for determining the ultimate load as a function of shear resistance capacity is explained. The calculation is applied to a numerical example. The obtained results are discussed. Guidelines for further research in this area are given.

Пројекат TraceRADON у оквиру програма EMPIR је фокусиран на метрологију радонa у области изучавања климатских промена и у заштити од зрачења у животној средини. Циљеви пројекта TraceRADON су: повећање тачности мере- ња у заштити од зрачења и оних која се користе за моделовање код климатских промена, следљивост до СИ јединица за ексхалације радона из земљишта, његову концентрацију у атмосфери и валидацију модела за његову дисперзију; развој след- љивих метода за мерење ниских концентрација радона у спољашњој средини у опсегу од 1 Bq/m3 дo 100 Bq/m3 са мерном несигурношћу реда 10 % (k=1) које се користе у мониторингу климатских промена и у заштити од зрачења; развој следљивих мерења флукса радона на терену, на основу развоја референтног система за ексхалацију радона „exhalation bed“ и стандард трансфера; хармонизација постојећих инструмената/метода за мерење флукса радона користећи интеркомпарацију; валидација постојећих модела и прикупљених података флукса радона, користећи следљива мерења флукса радона и концен- трације радона подржане дозиметријским и спектрометријским подацима из мрежа за рану најаву нуклеарне опасности у Европи. У овом раду ће бити дат преглед циљева и досадашњих резултата пројекта. TraceRADON, a three year project based in the EMPIR program, is focused on radon metrology for use in climate change observation and radiation protection at the environmental level. The aims of project TraceRADON are: to increase the accuracy of both radiation protection measurements and those used for GHG modeling, traceability to SI units for radon release rates from soil, its concentration in the atmosphere and validated models for its dispersal; to develop traceable methods for the measurement of outdoor low-level radon activity concentrations in the range of 1 Bq/m3 to 100 Bq/m3 with uncertainties of 10 % (k=1) to be used in climate and radiation protection networks; to develop the capability for traceable radon flux measurements in the field, based on the development of a radon exhalation reference system “exhalation bed” and a transfer standard; to use this capability to harmonize existing radon flux instruments/methods using intercomparisons and to validate current radon flux models and inventories using traceable measurements of radon flux and radon activity concentration supported by dosimetric and spectrometric data from the radiological early warning networks in Europe. This paper presents the overview of these objectives and the results achieved in the present time. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

Na osnovu člana 15 Pravilnika o granicama sadržaja radionuklida u vodi za piće, životnim namirnicama, stočnoj hrani, lekovima, predmetima opšte upotrebe, građevinskom materijalu i drugoj robi koja se stavlja u promet (Sl. glasnik 36/18), da bi se obezbedilo da izlaganje stanovništva zračenju koje potiče od građevinskog materijala ne pređe referentni nivo od 1 mSv godišnje, propisano je određivanje gama indeksa I. Ovaj gama indeks se računa tako što se izmerene koncentracije prirodnih radionuklida 226Ra, 232Th i 40K podele odgovarajućim izvedenim koncentracijama. Zbir ovih količnika ne sme da bude veći od 1. S obzirom na to da se izmerene koncentracije radionuklida definišu sa pripadajućom mernom nesigurnošću, i gama indeks treba da bude iskazan sa svojom pripadajućom mernom nesigurnosti. U ovom radu biće definisana merna nesigurnost gama indeksa I i diskutovano pravilo odlučivanja koje bi trebalo primeniti kako bi se ustanovilo da li ovako određen gama indeks zadovoljava zahteve pomenutog Pravilnika. Based on the Article 15 of the Roolebook on the limits of the radionuclide content in drinking water, foodstuffs, feedstuffs, medicines, objects of general use, building materials and other goods that are put on market (Official Gazette RS. 36/18), to ensure that the exposure of the general population, originating from the building material do not exceed 1 mSv per year, the calculation of the gamma index I is required. This index is obtained by dividing measured activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K with the appropriate derived concentrations. The sum of these quotents should not exceed 1. Taking into account that the activity concentrations are defined with the appropriate measurement uncertainty, gamma index I should also be stated with its appropriate measurement uncertainty. In this paper, the measurement uncertaitny of the gamma index I will be defined and the decission rule for compliance of thus obtained gamma index with the Rulebook 36/18 discussed. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

U radu su prikazani rezultati merenja radioaktivnosti u izvorskim vodama u okolini Smederevske Palanke. Određivanje sadržaja radionuklida urađeno je gamaspektrometrijskom metodom sa HPGe detektorom, dok je za merenje ukupne alfa i ukupne beta aktivnosti u uzorcima korišćen gasni proporcionalni alfa beta brojač THERMO-EBERLINE FHT 770T. Uzorci su sakupljani tokom proleća 2021. godine. Dobijeni rezultati upoređeni su sa dozvoljenim vrednostima sadržaja radionuklida u vodi za piće propisanim Zakonskom regulativom. The results of gamma spectrometric analysis and determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity in spring waters in the vicinity of Smederevska Palanka are presented in this paper. Determination of radionuclide content was performed with HPGe gamma spectrometry, while determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity was performed using gas proportional alpha/beta counter THERMO-EBERLINE FHT 770T. Samples were collected in spring of 2021. The obtained results were compared with the permitted values of radionuclide content in drinking water prescribed by the Legislation. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

Rezultati merenja radioaktivnosti zemljišta, mulja i vode u procesu iskopavanja bunara do maksimalne dubine od 13,5 m u selu Poganovu, u opštini Dimitrovgrad, prikazani su u ovom radu. Uzorci mulja i zemljišta, analizirani su spektrometrijom gama emitera i određivanjem sadržaja 90Sr. U slučaju uzorka vode, određena je ukupna alfa i ukupna beta aktivnost, i koncentracija radionuklida gama emitera. Pored navedenih uzoraka, sa iste lokacije su mereni i uzorci mahovina i lišajeva. Osim u uzorku mahovine i zemljišta sa dubine 0-10 cm u kojima je detektovano prisustvo 137Cs u veoma niskim koncentracijama za ovu vrstu uzoraka, ni u jednom uzorku nije detektovano prisustvo proizvedenih radionuklida, 137Cs i 90Sr. U slučaju prirodnih radionuklida, dobijene vrednosti koncentracija, karakteristične su za ovakve vrste uzoraka i ne razlikuju se u odnosu na druge lokacije na našim prostorima. Svi rezultati merenja ukazuju na to da se ova lokacija može koristiti kao nulta tačka monitoringa radioaktivnosti na našim prostorima. The results of radioactivity measurements in the soil, sludge and water samples in the process of finding water and digging wells to a maximum depth of 13.5 m, in the village of Poganovo, in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad, are presented in this paper. Sludge and soil samples were analyzed by gamma-ray spectrometry and 90Sr measurements. In the case of water samples, gross alpha and gross beta activity, as well as content of radionuclides gamma emitter were determined. In addition, samples of mosses and lichens from the same location were also measured. Presence of the artificial radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs were not detected in measured samples, with an exception of the sample of moss and soil from a depth of 0-10 cm, where 137Cs was detected in very low concentrations for this type of samples. In the case of natural radionuclides, the obtained values of concentrations are characteristic of these types of samples and do not differ from other locations in our area. All measurement results indicate that this location can be used as a zero point for monitoring radioactivity in our area. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

U radu su prikazani rezultati merenja radonskog ravnotežnog faktora aktivnom metodom na 5 lokacija u Crnoj Gori i Srbiji. Dobijeni rezultati su u rasponu od 0.36 do 0.7, što je u proseku veće od preporučene vrednosti od 0.4. Na istim lokacijama su izvršena interkomparativna merenja koncentracije radona (uređajima Alpha Guard Pro, RAD7 i RTM1688-2), ravnotežne ekvivalentne koncentracije radona (uređajima RNWL i RPM2200) i radonskog ravnotežnog faktora. Slaganje rezultata je testirano Z-testom koji ukazuje da ne postoji statistički značajno odstupanje između rezultata dobijenih različitim mernim uređajima, odnosno ne postoji nekonzistentnost između različitih metodologija merenja kao ni potrebe za harmonizacijom različitih procedura merenja. In this contribution, the results of radon equilibrium factor measurement in selected dwelling and workplaces in Montenegro and Serbia are presented. Radon equilibrium factor was derived from measurements of indoor radon concentration and equilibrium equivalent radon concentration. Measurements were performed one day for each of 5 locations by using different active devices. Obtained radon equilibrium factors range from 0.36 to 0.7 which is in average larger than worldwide average of 0.4 Results are not surprising since measuring locations were kept closed during the measuring time, reducing therefore ventilation rate which as a consequence has an increase of equilibrium factor. Individual measuring results of indoor radon concentrations, equilibrium equivalent radon concentrations and radon equilibrium factors obtained with different detectors systems from 2 research teams was tested using Z – test. Obtained Z – score for each measurement vas below critical value, indication that there is no statistical difference between different measuring devices. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

Prema važećoj zakonskoj regulativi u Republici Srbiji kontrola radiološke ispravnosti otpadnih materijala vrši se na graničnim prelazima, kao i kada postoji namera odlaganja u životnu sredinu. Sadržaj radionuklida u otpadnim materijalima u najvećem broju slučajeva odredjuje se gamaspektrometrijskim ispitivanjem. Ova merenja podrazumevaju adekvatnu pripremu uzorka u cilju postizanja željene geometrije merenja za koju je izvršena kalibracija efikasnosti gama spektrometra. U postupku pripreme uzorka otpadnog materijala često nije moguće postići zadovoljavajuću homogenost. Takodje, matriks merenog materijala u većini slučajeva ne odgovara matriksu standarda pomoću kojeg je izvršena kalibracija spektrometra. Iz ovih razloga je potrebno izvršiti odredjene korekcije rezultata merenja (transfer efikasnosti, na pr.), kao i proširenje budžeta merne nesigurnosti. U radu je detaljno prikazan postupak procene doprinosa nehomogenosti uzorka mernoj nesigurnosti, kao i doprinosa koji u budžet merne nesigurnosti unosi transfer efikasnosti i primena korekcionih faktora za koincidentno sumiranje. According to the current legislation in the Republic of Serbia, the radiological control of waste materials is performed at border crossings, as well as when there is an intention to dispose these materials in the environment. The gamma ray spectrometry is commonly used for determination of radionuclide content in waste materials. These measurements imply adequate sample preparation in order to achieve the desired measurement geometry for which the efficiency of the gamma spectrometer has been calibrated. Satisfactory homogeneity is often not possible to achieve in the sample preparation process. Also, the matrix of the measured material in most cases does not correspond to the matrix of the standard used for efficiency calibration of the spectrometer. For these reasons, it is necessary to make certain corrections to the measurement results (efficiency transfer, for example), as well as to expand the measurement uncertainty budget. The paper presents in detail the procedure for assessing the contribution of inhomogeneity of the sample to the measurement uncertainty, as well as the contribution that the efficiency transfer and coincidence summing corrections introduce to the measurement uncertainty budget. XXXI Симпозијум Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе, 06-08. октобар 2021. Proceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9668]

Visual merchandising is actually a technique, ie. mastery of different methods to promote the sale of goods by improving their presentation in the shop window and the object itself. It also includes certain components of ambient design using visual rhetoric and communication, primarily through visual imagery, sending symbolic messages, to arouse a perceptual and emotional response in a potential customer, and finally to influence its behavior in the store by bringing him into the brand identity. In the book Death of Fashion, Harald Gründl studies fashion showcases that appear twice a year, when a new fashion collection arrives in stores, in an atmosphere of beautifully decorated showcases and is out of fashion at the end of the season. The seasonal period of sale, before a new product collection each Spring-Summer and Fall-Winter became the transition phase between the old and the new collection, when the beauty of visual merchandising disfigured.

As a result of the separation of ownership from control and relationship between the owners as principals and managers as agents, the so-called agency problem arises. In order to alleviate the agency problem in transition economies, internal corporate governance mechanisms are applied. Culture is considered as one of the most important factors within an informal institutional framework that is often associated with the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms. Starting from the fact that the board is an important internal mechanism, this paper examines the national culture as a determinant of the board structure based on a widely accepted cultural framework developed by Geert Hofstede. The aim of the research is to obtain relevant scientific knowledge on whether the board structure, analyzed through board composition and size, differs in countries that have similar dimensions of national culture. The research is carried out on a sample of 60 companies in Serbia and Montenegro. Relying on the T-test, the research showed that the boards composition in these countries differs, while their average size is the same. This pilot study mitigates the research gap that exists in domestic literature and represents the basis for future research in this area.

Sintering, crystallization and foaming of nano glass powders with composition La2O3 center dot SrO center dot 5B(2)O(3) were studied by hot stage microscopy (HSM) and simultaneous thermal analysis (DTA-TG) under non-isothermal regime at 10 degrees C/min and by optical contactless dilatometer under isothermal conditions at 700 degrees C up to 10 hours for different times. After the thermal treatments, specimens were characterized by gas pycnometry, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE-SEM). The results demonstrate that the densification completed before the crystallization process, thus forming well sintered samples. Then, during the phase formation gas is released, which leads to foaming process. After holding of 160 minutes at 700 degrees C the degree of crystallization reached about 0.8 and the foaming stopped. The obtained sample had high closed porosity and quite intriguing structure composed of two fairly different crystal arrangements. The first was "sponge-like", while the second was denser and consisted of "sheets", 10-30 nm thick. The subsequent holding led to re-crystallization, formation of larger denser zones that reached even 10-15 mu m and an increase in open porosity. These results highlight that in the case of sinter crystallization of nano powders, some intriguing features can be expected.

Petnaesta konferencija sa međunarodnim učešćem ,,Vaspitač u 21. veku

This paper is focused on determination of activity concentration of gamma emitters in surface layer of soil, in surrounding of the coal-fired power plant complex. Also, the impact of coal-fired power plant emissions on certain of physical and chemical properties of the soil was studied. The results of this study indicated that the operation of the power plant has no significant negative impact on the environment in terms of the content of radionuclides. The effect of the coal-fired power plant emissions on soil is a function of the pollutant gradient existing in the area. The increased soil acidity can adversely affect the microbiological and pedogenetic processes in soil which cause cation-anion imbalance and microbe population reduction to affect soil fertility. © 2020, Editura Academiei Romane. All rights reserved.

Effects of Physical Activity Application to Anthropological Status with Children, Youth and Adults

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a second commonest neurodegenerative disorder, followed by the presence of motor symptoms that affect the functioning of a person in the community Technology development and implementation of various diagnostic and assessment procedures can improve the rehabilitation process of this population. IMU sensors have the potential to identify and provide valuable information about motor performances and behavior, as well as the quality of movements. The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of using Inertial Measurement Units sensors in movement analysis in persons with Parkinson’s disease. Analyzed papers were selected by researching electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scindeks, and Google Scholar and published between 2014 and 2020. The analyzed researches have shown that the IMU can be used in the evaluation of motion range and amplitude, repetitive finger taping parameters, characteristics of movements and activities important for everyday living, gait characteristics and parameters, as well as PD related symptoms, such as bradykinesia, tremor, festination, freezing of gait. Sensors, consisted in IMU, also can befused together to provide a 3D picture ofhuman motion.

VIII International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : RAD 2020 : book of abstracts; Virtual Conference

U TE Kostolac pri zameni blok-transformatora generatora A1 blok-transformatorom snage 80MVA i prenosnog odnosa 115 kV/ 10,5 kV potrebno je definisati radnu oblast generatora u P-Q dijagramu na naĉin da generator i transformator ne budu ni naponski ni temperaturno ugroženi pri razliĉitim radnim uslovima u taĉki prikljuĉenja. Napon na krajevima generatora mora biti u granicama 95% do 105% nominalne vrednosti što se obezbeĊuje regulatorom napona sistema za regulaciju pobude. Pri tome veliĉina generisane reaktivne snage zavisi od vrednosti napona na VN sabirnicama blok-transformatora. Proraĉuni raspoloživih opsega u taĉki prikljuĉenja i rezultati su prikazani u radu i treba da služe kao podloga rukovaocu za upravljanje radnom taĉkom generatora u datoj situaciji.

Small and medium-sized enterprises are holders of economic development. Their part in one country's economy is very important, especially they're important for countries that are developing. Those sort of enterprises are significant part of economic reforms, driver of economic recovery and the engine of its further development and growth. Because of this sector's importance, finish line of this thesis is to determine and growth. Because of this sector's importance, finish line of this thesis is to determine the condition, and to analyze development trends os small and medium-sized enterprises in the Republic of Serbia.

Tricijum, radioaktivni izotop vodonika ima i prirodno i antropogeno poreklo. Pri svom raspadu emituje niskoenergetsko beta zračenje i pri tom da bi bio detektovan mora se uvesti u aktivnu zapreminu detektora. Za detekcijuje korišćen tečni scintilacioni spektrometar Ultra Low Level Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer Quantulus 1220. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati sadrţaja tricijuma u padavinama sakupljenim na referentnim meteorološkim stanicama u Srbiji (Beograd, Subotica, Niš, Zlatibor, Zaječar iVranje). Sadrţaj tricijuma je određenu kompozitnim mesečnim uzorcima, a period ispitivanja pokriva 2018. godinu. Rezultati ispitivanja pokazuju da su dobijene vrednosti u padavinama ispod granica predviđenih zakonskom regulativom. Tritium, the radioactive isotope of hydrogen, has a natural and anthropogenic origin. It emits low-energy beta radiation and, in order to be detected, it must be introduced into the active volume of the detector. For detection,Ultra Low Level Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer Quantulus 1220was used.This paper presents the results of the tritium content in precipitation collected at reference meteorological stations in Serbia (Belgrade, Subotica, Niš, Zlatibor, Zajeţar and Vranje). The content of tritium is determined in composite monthly samples, andthe test period covers 2018. The results show that the obtained values in precipitation at investigated locations are below the limits prescribed by the Serbian legislation. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ [Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе], 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

Godine 2018. Laboratorija za zaštitu od zračenja i zaštitu životne sredine je učestvovala u interkomparaciji "REM 2018 radon-in-water proficiency test". Zadatak je bio izmeriti koncentraciju radona u dostavljenom uzorku vode. Ovaj uzorak je meren gama spektrometrijski na HPGe detektoru. Najpre je merenje izvršeno na uzorku u nativnom obliku, bez otvaranja boce u kojoj je dostavljen. Zatim je sadržaj boce prebačen u Marineli geometriju i ponovo izmerenna istomdetektoru.Pri proračunu aktivnosti korišćen je transfer efikasnosti programom EFFTRANi kalibracija QA/QC uzorkom vode,dostavljenim u okviru interkomparacije IAEA-TEL-2018-03.Poređenjem dobijenih rezultata i referentnevrednosti dateu preliminarnom izveštaju organizatora interkomparacije, utvrđeno je da postoji značajna zavisnost rezultata odpristupa merenju i proračunu aktivnosti. U ovom radu su predstavljeni rezultati oba pristupa i analiza i komentar tačnosti i preciznosti rezultata. In 2018, Laboratory for Environment and Radiation Protection took part in the proficiency test "REM 2018 radon-in-water proficiency test". The task of this proficiency test was to determine the concentration of radon in the water sample. This sample was measured by gamma spectrometry on HPGe detector. Firstly, the measurement was performed on the native sample, without opening the bottle in which the sample was delivered. After that, the sample was placed into Marinelli beaker and measured again on the same detector. To calculate the activity concentration of radon in the sample, the calibration was performed using QA/QC sample from the IAEA-TEL-2018-03 proficiency test andthe efficiency transfer was performed using EFFTRAN software. Comparison of the obtained results with the reference value, provided in the preliminary report of the proficiency test, showed that there is a significant influence of the measurement geometry and the calculation approach. In thispaper, the results of both approaches to the measurement and calculation will be presented and the trueness and precision of the results will be analyzed and commented. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ (Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе), 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

U ovom radu dat je pregled radova prezentovanih u oblasti Radioekologije i izlaganja stanovništva na skupovima Društva za zaštitu od zračenja, počev od I jugoslovenskog simpozijuma o radiološkoj zaštiti u Portoroţu 1963. godine i zaključno sa XXIX Simpozijumom Društva za zaštitu od zračenja Srbije i Crne Gore odrţanom na Srebrnom jezeru 2017. godine. U radu je dat pregled aktuelnih tema, osvrt na razvoj metoda i tehnika merenja, kao i opšti trendovi razvoja i diferenciranja oblasti radioekologije uslovljenih dogaĎanjima u obuhvaćenom vremenskom periodu. This paper gives an overview of the papers in the field of radioecology and population exposure to ionizing radiation presented at the Radiation Protection Association symposia starting with the 1stYugoslav Radiation Protection Association symposium held in Portoroţ in 1963 and concluding with the 29thsymposium of the Society for Radiation Protection of Serbia and Montenegro held at Srebrno jezero in 2017. An overview of current topics, methods andmeasurement techniques development review, as well as general trends in the development and differentiation of the radioecology field due to different events in the covered period are presented. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681]

Berilijum-7 (7Be)je radioaktivni berilijumov izotop koji nastaje u interakcijama kosmič-kog zračenja sa atomima atmosfere. Intenzitet kosmičkog zračenja usled nehomogenosti magnetnog polja Zemlje, ispoljava prostornu distribuciju, dok je vremenska distribucija posledica vremenski promenljivog magnetnog polja Sunca. Cilj ovog istraţivanja je da se izvrši analiza uticaja vremenske promene intenziteta kosmičkog zračenja na koncentraciju7Be u kompozitnim mesečnim uzorcima ukupnog (suvog i mokrog) depozita. Uzorci depozita su sakupljani u Institutu za nuklearne nauke "Vinča", a sva merenja koncentracije 7Be su uraĎena u Laboratoriji za zaštitu od zračenja i zaštitu ţivotne sredine. Rezultati merenja uzoraka prikupljenih u periodu od 1994. do 2016. su korelirani sa mesečnim podacima o intenzitetu kosmičkog zračenja iz istog perioda, preuzetim sa sajta stanice "Apatity", Polarnog geofizičkog instituta, Ruske akademije nauka. Ova stanica poseduje neutronski monitor "Standard 18-NM-64" lociran na nadmorskoj visini od 181 m sa geografskim koordinatama od N:67,57° i E:33,39°. TakoĎe, rezultati merenja oba posmatrana parametra su grupisani po godinama i mese-cima u godini, a zatim su odreĎeni njihovi godišnji i mesečni indeksi. Nakon toga, za ispitane parametre su meĎusobno korelirani kako godišnji, tako i njihovi mesečni indeksi. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da fluktuacije kosmičkog zračenja utiču samo na varijacije godišnjih indeksa koncentracije7Be u ukupnom depozitu. Koeficijent determinacije godišnjih indeksa posmatranih parametara govori da se modulisanošću kosmičkog zračenja moţe objasniti 33% varijacije godišnjih vrednosti koncentracije 7Be u depozitu. Beryllium-7 (7Be) is a radioactive beryllium isotope that is produced in the interaction of cosmic radiation with atmospheric atoms. Due to the heterogenous of the Earth's magnetic field, the intensity of cosmic radiation exhibits spatial distribution, while the time distribution is a consequence of the time-varying magnetic field of the Sun. The aim of thisresearch is to analyzethe influence of the intensity of cosmic radiation on the 7Be concentration in samples of the total (dry and wet) deposit. The deposit samples were collected at the Vinţa Institute of Nuclear Sciences, and all 7Be concentration measurements were performedin the Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection. The results of the measurements were collected in the period from 1994 to 2016 and they were correlated with the monthly neutron monitor data of the "Apatity",the Polar Geophysical Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences. This station has the neutron monitor "Standard 18-NM-64" located at the altitude of 181 m with geogra-phical coordinates of N: 67.57° and E: 33.39°. Also, the results of the measurement of both observed parameters are grouped by years and months of the year, and then their annual and monthly indices were determined. After that, the annual as well as monthly indices of the observed parameters were correlated. The obtained results indicate that the fluctuations in the galactic part of cosmic radiation affect the variation of the annual 7Be concentration index in the deposit. The coefficient of determining the annual indices of the observed parameters shows that the modulation of cosmic radiation can explain 33% of the variation of the annual values of the concentration of 7Be in the deposit. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ (Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе), 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

Speech technologies have been developed for decades as a typical signal processing area, while the last decade has brought a huge progress based on new machine learning paradigms. Owing not only to their intrinsic complexity but also to their relation with cognitive sciences, speech technologies are now viewed as a prime example of interdisciplinary knowledge area. This review article on speech signal analysis and processing, corresponding machine learning algorithms, and applied computational intelligence aims to give an insight into several fields, covering speech production and auditory perception, cognitive aspects of speech communication and language understanding, both speech recognition and text-to-speech synthesis in more details, and consequently the main directions in development of spoken dialogue systems. Additionally, the article discusses the concepts and recent advances in speech signal compression, coding, and transmission, including cognitive speech coding. To conclude, the main intention of this article is to highlight recent achievements and challenges based on new machine learning paradigms that, over the last decade, had an immense impact in the field of speech signal processing.

Activity concentrations of cosmogenic beryllium-7, terragenic lead-210 and artificial caesium-137 are closely observed within environmental radioactivity monitoring programmes in Serbia and Slovenia. In this study, we compare the temporal evolution and seasonal cycles of the radionuclides recorded over 1991–2015 in three locations: Belgrade (44.88333 °N; 20.583333 °E; 95 m a.s.l.), the capital of the Republic of Serbia; Krško (45.950414 °N; 15.512261 °E; 204 m a.s.l.), a town in eastern Slovenia, located ~400 km west of Belgrade; and Ljubljana (46.042356 °N; 14.487494 °E; 292 m a.s.l.), the capital of the Republic of Slovenia, located ~500 km west of Belgrade. The latitudes of these three sites differ only slightly, approximately by 1°. The similarities between the data sets are evident from their measurement ranges and long-term means. For example, the recorded beryllium-7 activity concentrations fall within the ranges reported for different locations in Europe. In the lead-210 series, the observed values are similar to the activity concentrations reported for some neighbouring regions, but around twofold higher than in locations that are under a significant maritime influence, thus removed from this radionuclide’s source. The activity concentrations of caesium-137 at all the sites are of the same order of magnitude and agree with the post-Chernobyl picture of the fall-out in Europe. However, there are some noticeable differences in the seasonal cycles of these radionuclides at the investigated sites. For example, even though the beryllium-7 seasonal cycles in all the sites exhibit a spring/summer maximum and a winter minimum, the timing of the maximum recorded at the Slovenian sites is agreement with other Western European sites of similar latitude in contrast to the Belgrade site that shows an earlier occurrence of the maximum, more in line with European locations further north. A possible explanation for the observed dissimilarities could lie in the differences of the meteorological patterns in the investigated sites. According to Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Krško and Ljubljana have Warm temperate fully humid climate with warm summers (Cfb), while Belgrade is characterised by Warm temperate fully humid climate with hot summers (Cfa). Belgrade is located deeper in the continental landmass, and its climate has more of midlatitude continental characteristics, in terms of higher summer temperature, more pronounced seasonal temperature amplitude, and lower precipitation, especially during summer months. These differences in climate affect the transport and removal of the radionuclides from the atmosphere and could lead to the observed dissimilarities. Still, a detailed analysis of the radionuclides’ time series and their relation to the time series of the meteorological parameters is needed to better understand their interconnexion.

Activity concentration of natural radionuclides and 137Cs were studied in leaves of the deciduous trees. In the spring and autumn season, leaves were collected in the area of normal background radiation levels represented by city parks in a multi-year period (2002-2012). Measurements by means of gamma-ray spectrometry showed 226Ra and 210Pb seasonal accumulation in leaves, while 238U and 235U could be detected only in autumn. Difference between seasons was not found significant for 40K and 137Cs. The study of radionuclides transfer factors was conducted by analyzing its relationships with basic soil properties at the beginning and the end of the vegetation period. © 2019, Editura Academiei Romane. All rights reserved.

Teorijska baza Cerebralna paraliza predstavlja stanje nastalo pod dejstvom in- trauterinih i ekstrauterinih faktora, a koje se karakteriše na- rušenim motoričkim, kognitivnim, govorno-jezičkim i/ili socio-emocionalnim funkcionisanjem, poteškoćama u razvoju i usvajanju akademskih veština. Primena muzike u radu sa učeni- cima sa cerebralnom paralizom i drugim oblicima invaliditeta, može unaprediti kognitivni, motorički, socijalni i emocio- nalni status. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da je auditivni input zna- čajan prilikom stimulacije razvoja deteta, slušanjem muzičkih kompozicija i aktivnim učešćem u kreiranju istih, deca sa cere- bralnom paralizom mogu unaprediti svoje veštine i sposobnosti. Moždane strukture u stanju su da razlikuju muziku od buke, reaguju na ritam, tonove, melodije. Auditivnim inputom, tumačenjem raz- ličitih vrsta muzičkih signala, muzika može dovesti do primar- nog efekta na segmente motornog sistema i inicijaciju motoričke aktivnosti. Kognitivnom obradom auditivnih signala, dolazi do aktivacije descedentnih puteva, kojima informacije bivaju pre- nesene do efektora u mišićima, što dovodi do pojave ritmičnih pokreta ekstremiteta. Cilj Cilj rada jeste ukazati na ulogu muzike, njenog slušanja i stvaranja (sviranjem instrumenata) u unapređenju obrazovnog i motoričkog statusa dece sa cerebralnom paralizom. Doprinos Analizom stručno-naučne literature, utvrđeno je da se muzika pored zabave, može koristiti i u razvojne svrhe. Naime, sviranjem instrumenata, doprinosi se razvoju finih motoričkih veština, koje su od značaja za savladavanje veštine pisanja, kao i optimiza- ciji mišićnog tonusa, razvoju vizuomotorne koordinacije. Slu- šanje muzike, koje može biti praćeno ritmičkim izvođenjem pokreta, vodi ka razvoju motoričkih sposobnosti, unapređenju strukture, amplitude, preciznosti i brzine izvođenja pokreta, ali i razvoju kognitivnih sposobnosti, percepcije, pažnje, govor- no-jezičkih i socijalnih veština. Percepcijom i interpreta- cijom melodije, ista je od značaja za motivaciju i unapređenje emocionalnih iskustava. Zaključak Prisustvo povratne informacije, povezanost motoričkog i kog- nitivnog funkcionisanja, kombinacija muzike i drugih stimulusa u vaspitno obrazovnom radu sa učenicima sa cerebralnom parali- zom, dovode do unapređenja akademskog i funkcionalnog statusa pojedinca, te zauzimaju značajnu poziciju u pedagoškom radu sa populacijom koja ima različite oblike invaliditeta. Theoretical background Cerebral palsy is a condition occurred under the impact of intrauterine or extrauterine risk factors, followed with impairment of the motor, cognitive, speech-language, socio-emotional functions, developmental difficulties, and ability to achieve academic skills. Using music in work with pupils with cerebral palsy, and other forms of disability can improve cognitive, motor, socio-emotional status. Having on mind the fact, that the auditory input is significant during stimulation of a child’s development, listening to music compositions and active participation in creating them, can improve the skills and abilities of children with cerebral palsy. With auditory input, by interpreting various forms of music signals, music can lead to the primary effects on segments of the motor system and motor activity initiation. By cognitive processing of auditory signals, it occurs, descending pathways activation and information transmission to the effectors in muscles, which can lead to the rhythmic movements of extremities. Aim The aim of this paper is to present the role of music, listening and creating (playing instruments) in improving the academic and motor status in children with cerebral palsy. By analyzing the scientific literature it is determined that music in addition to entertainment, can be used for developmental purposes. Playing instruments lead to the improvement of fine motor skills, which are essential for the enhancement of writing skills, as well as for muscle tone optimization and development of visuomotor coordination. Music listening, which can be followed by rhythmic movement performance, leads to the development of motor abilities, improvement of the structure, amplitude, and speed of motor performances, but also to the development of cognitive abilities, perception, attention, social and other skills and abilities. The perception and interpretation of music melody can be important for motivation and enhancement of emotional experiences. Conclusion Presence of feedback, the association between motor and cognitive functioning, combination of music and other stimuli in the educational process with pupils with cerebral palsy, leads to the enhancement of children’s academic and functional status and occur a significant position in pedagogical work with a population with different forms and levels of disability.

Translokacije stabilnih i radioaktivnih izotopa iz jedne u drugu kariku ekološkog sistema, kvantitativno i kvalitativno se opisuju preko odreĎenih ekoloških parametara. Procena radioekološke situacije je sprovedena odreĎivanjem različitih parametara koji predstavljaju objektivne pokazatelje radijacione sigurnosti za ciklus obrade zemljišta i biljne proizvodnje, čime je utvrĎena translokacija radionuklida 90Sr u agroekosistemu ispitivanog područja. U sprovedenoj studiji su prikazani sledeći radioekološki parametri: transfer faktor zemljište -usev, broj stroncijumovih jedinica, koeficijent diskriminacije, koeficijent zaštite i K-parametar. Ovi parametri su izračunati na osnovu specifične aktivnosti radioizotopa 90Sr i koncentracije ukupnog kalcijuma uzemljištu i usevima. Rezultati izračunavanja radioekoloških parametara su ukazali na sledeće činjenice: najveći deo radioizotopa 90Sr akumulira se u korenu useva, što potvrĎuje da je glavni mehanizam njegove akumulacije resuspenzija iz zemljišta; brzina akumulacije 90Sr u odnosu na ukupni Ca iz zemljišta zavisi od vrste zemljišta i useva, kao i od koncentracije ukupnog Ca u zemljištu. Translocation of stabile and radioactive isotopes from one to the other chain in the ecosystem is quantitatively and qualitatively described using the certain ecological parameters. The assesment of the radioecological situation is performed by determination of different parameters that represent the objective indicators of radiation safety for processing of soil and plant production. In this way, translocation of 90Sr in the agro-ecosystem of the investigated areas is determined. The following radiological parameters are presented in this study: soil-crop transfer factor, nuber of strontium units, discrimination coefficient and K-parameter. These parameters are calculated based on the specific activity of 90Sr and total Ca concentration in soil and crop. The results of the parameter calculation indicated that for the most part, 90Sr is acumulated in the root of the crop, which confirmes that the main path of the acumulation is the resuspension from soil; 90Sr acumulation rate, in comparison to total Ca in soil, depends on the soil and crop type as well as the total Ca concentration in soil. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ [Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе], 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

Programirana i prilagođena fizička aktivnost i nastava fizičkog vaspitanja od izuzetnog su značaja za unapređenje i očuvanje motoričkog, kognitivnog i zdravstvenog statusa. Motoričko funkcionisanje učenika sa invalidite- tom, koje se često karakteriše disharmonijom i heterogenošću, može biti unapređeno adekvatnom podrškom i adaptacijom aktivnosti i sadržaja na na- stavi fizičkog vaspitanja. Cilj ovog rada je, pregledom literature, ukazati na značaj i aspekte prilagođavanja nastave fizičkog vaspitanja za učenike sa motoričkim poremećajima. Pregledom literature čiji je sadržaj usmeren na adaptiranu fizičku aktivnost i nastavu fizičkog vaspitanja, utvrđeno je da je adaptacija nastave uslovljena sposobnostima učenika, sadržajem nastavnih planova i programa, ali i drugih elemenata, poput kompleksnosti zadataka, okruženja, opreme i metoda u radu. Pažljivo odabrane i prilagođene aktivno- sti i sadržaji nastave fizičkog vaspitanja, doprinose unapređenju motorič- kih i drugih sposobnosti i veština učenika sa telesnim invaliditetom. Programed and adapted physical activity and physical education are very important for improvement and maintaining motoric, cognitive and health status. The motor functioning of students with disabilities, often characterized by disharmony and heterogeneity, can be improved by adequate support and adaptation of activities and contents in physical education classes. The aim of this paper is to review the importance and aspects of adapted physical education for students with motor disorders. By review of the literature focused on adapted physical activity and physical education, it was founded that adaptation of teaching was conditioned by pupils’ abilities, curriculum content, and other elements, such as the complexity of tasks, environment, equipment, and teaching methods. Carefully selected and adapted activities and contents of physical education, contribute to the improvement of motor and other abilities and skills of pupils with physical disabilities. Edukativna i rehabilitaciona podrška detetu, porodici i instituciji

Merna nesigurnost rezultata merenja predstavlja pokazatelj kvaliteta izvršenog merenja. U laboratorijama za ispitivanje najčešće se prikazuje kombinovana merna nesigurnost na nivou poverenja 95% (k=2). U slučaju kada laboratorijskoj analizi prethodi postupak uzorkovanja, budžet nesigurnosti rezultata merenjatreba (prema ISO17025:2017), da obuhvata i nesigurnost koja potiče usled postupka uzorkovanja. U ovom radu je opisan postupak procene nesigurnosti rezultata merenja usled uzorkovanja. The uncertainty of the measurement results is an indicator of the quality of the performed measurement. In the testing laboratories, the combined measurement uncertainty is usually given at the level of confidence of 95% (k = 2). If the laboratory analysis is preceded by a sampling procedure, the uncertainty budget of the measurement results should (according to ISO17025: 2017) include the uncertainty arising from the sampling procedure. This paper describes the procedure for estimating the uncertainty of the results of measurement due to sampling. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ (Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе), 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

U radu su prikazane mogućnosti za ispitivanje kontaminacije ţivotne sredine, do koje je došlo 1999. godine tokom dejstava NATO avijacije osiromašenim uranijumom na nekoliko lokaliteta u juţnoj Srbiji. S obzirom na proteklo vreme, imajući u vidu da je izvršena sanacija kontaminiranih područja i da rezultati monitoringa ne pokazuju značajna odstupanja od prirodnih varijacija, za sva dalja istraţivanja bi bilo potrebno razmotriti unapredjivanje i uvodjenje osetljivijih metoda i tehnika za odredjivanje niskih koncentracija uranijuma i njegovih izotopa u sloţenim matriksimaiz ţivotne sredine i biološkim materijalima. Dosadašnja istraţivanja su obuhvatila radiohemijsku karakterizaciju projektila, ispitivanjesadrţaja, distribucije i migracijeOU kroz različite segmente ţivotnesredine, mobilnost i veze sa prirodnim supstratima u zemljištu. Za analizu su korišćene radiohemijske analitičkeprocedure i tehnike kao što su separacija primenom jonskehromatografije, primena trasera, elektrodepozicija,višestepene sekvencijalne ekstrakcije, fluorimetrijska, alfa spektrometrijska i gamaspektrometrijska merenja. Dalja ispitivanja bi se mogla vršiti u pravcu specijacije OU, analize njegove kinetike i termodinamike u fizičko-hemijskim procesima u ţivotnoj sredini uz primenu komplementarnih analitičkih procedura i tehnika visoke osetljivosti i tehnika pogodnih za mikroanalizu čestica ikarakterizaciju materijala, kao što su HR ICP-MS, LSC, SIMS, μ-XANES itd. The capabilities of study on environmental contamination caused 1999 by NATO air strikes using depleted uranium at several locations in southern Serbia. Having in mind passed time, implemented clean up activities in contaminated areas and no indication of significant deviations from natural levels within the monitoring assessment, for any further studies on low level uranium and its isotopes concentrations in complex environmental and biological samples, the advanced and more sensitive methods and techniques should be involved. Up to now, the studies on the radiochemical characterization of the projectile, depelted uranium contents, distribution and migration through the environmental departments and on ingress into natural substrates, have been conducted using the radiochemical analytical procedures and techniques like ion chromatography separations, application of tracers, electrodeposition, multi-step sequential extractions, fluorometric, alpha spectrometric and gama spectrometric measurements. The topic of further studies may be depleted uranium speciation, kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of its behaviour in environmental physicochemical processes so that complementary highly sensitive analytical procedures and techniques as well as techniques suitable for particles microanalysis and materials chracterization, like HR ICP-MS, LSC, SIMS,μ-XANES, etc, should be considered. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ (Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе), 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

Evropski savet je doneo direktivu 2013/59/EURATOM (EU-BSS) po kojoj se nalaže državama članicama EU da imaju ustanovljen radonski akcioni plan, što između ostalog podrazumeva i identifikaciju radonskih prioritetnih zona (Radon priority areas), odnosno zona sa različitim nivoom "prioriteta". S obzirom da je neizvodljivo vršiti merenja radona u svakoj kući, potrebno je dizajnirati prospekciju radona kako bi se dobila reprezentativna procena srednje godišnje koncentracije radona u zatvorenim prostorijama na određenoj teritoriji. Nije bitan samo reprezentativan izbor kuća, nego je i nesigurnost merenja i procene srednje godišnje koncentracije potrebno držati što je niže moguće. Nesigurnostn klasifikacije zone određenog prioriteta u nekoj oblasti je stoga kombinacija nesigurnosti pojedinačnog merenja i ekstrapolacije tog merenja na celu oblast. U ovom radu ćemo pokušati da nabrojimo i procenimo izvore nesigurnosti pri klasifikaciji i damo preporuke u cilju smanjenja stepena nesigurnosti. Ovaj rad je urađen u sklopu MetroRadon projekta. The EC has laid down directive 2013/59/EURATOM which represents basic safety standards regarding the radon protection of the European citizens. Within the BSS they oblige countries to establish radon action plans which include identification of Radon Priority Areas (RPA). Since it is not feasible to perform indoor radon measurements in each dwelling, it is necessary to carefully design indoor radon survey in order to get representative estimation of annual average indoor radon concentration of the certain territory. It is not sufficient only to have representative selection of dwellings, but it is important to keep uncertainty of measurement and estimation of annual radon concentration as low as possible. Uncertainty of classification of radon zones is therefore combination of uncertainties coming from a single measurement uncertainty and uncertainty of extrapolation of single or group of measurements to the whole region. In this contribution, we will try to estimate sources of classification uncertainties and to give recommendation in order to reduce level of uncertainty. The research presented in this paper was realized within 16ENV04 MetroRADON project. This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union‘s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. Proceedings: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8681] XXX симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ (Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе), 2- 4. октобар 2019. године, Дивчибаре, Србија

Respecting the importance of corporate governance (CG), particularly various corporate governance mechanisms for improving corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, the paper highlights relevant CG–CSR synergies from the perspective of systems thinking. The paper further aims to demonstrate the ways in which selected systems methodologies can support CG–CSR synergies. Accordingly, we selected appropriate systems methodologies, such as dialectical systems theory, soft systems methodology, and system dynamics. We defined the dialectical system, consisting of essential corporate governance mechanisms, which contribute to CSR we also identified the key stakeholders and their perceptions of CG–CSR relations through CATWOE analysis thus, the appropriate root definition and conceptual model, including the activities that are relevant for CG–CSR relations, were developed. Developed systemic framework provided a relevant methodological support to highlight the various issues of corporate governance, such as institutional framework, market for corporate control, ownership structure, board structure, and their contribution to CSR. Upoštevaje pomen korporativnega upravljanja, zlasti različnih mehanizmov le-tega za izboljšanje dejavnosti družbene odgovornosti podjetij, so v članku izpostavljene relevantne sinergije korporativnega upravljanja in družbene odgovornosti podjetij z vidika sistemskega razmišljanja. Namen prispevka je prikazati načine, kako lahko izbrane sistemske metodologije podpirajo te sinergije. V skladu s tem smo izbrali ustrezne sistemske metodologije, kot so dialektična teorija sistemov, mehkosistemska metodologija in sistemska dinamika. Opredelili smo dialektični sistem, ki ga sestavljajo bistveni mehanizmi korporativnega upravljanja, ki prispevajo k družbeni odgovornosti podjetij opredelili smo ključne deležnike in njihovo dojemanje odnosov korporativnega upravljanja in družbene odgovornosti podjetij s pomočjo analize CATWOE tako smo razvili osnovno definicijo in konceptualni model, ki vključuje dejavnosti, relevantne za odnose korporativnega upravljanja in družbene odgovornosti podjetij. Razvit sistemski okvir je zagotovil ustrezno metodološko podporo za poudarjanje različnih vprašanj korporativnega upravljanja, kot so institucionalni okvir, trg za obvladovanje podjetij, lastniška struktura, struktura upravnega odbora in njihov prispevek k družbeni odgovornosti podjetij.