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Orientadores: Bruno Martarello de Conti, Marco Antônio Martins da Rocha Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia Resumo: O advento da astronomia e da física moderna ¿ nos séculos XVI e XVII ¿ representaram um marco no pensamento ocidental. Sua influência se propagou por diversas áreas do conhecimento, inclusive na construção do pensamento econômico clássico ao longo do século XVIII e até meados do XIX, e, posteriormente, nos séculos XIX e XX na construção da economia neoclássica. Parte-se da hipótese de que o princípio de equilíbrio e as influências da mecânica clássica atuaram/atuam como "lentes de cognição" do observador nas teorias clássica liberal e neoclássica. Portanto, está dissertação se propôs a procurar alguns vínculos entre a física e a economia no que concerne às ideias de equilíbrio e naturalidade. Assim, o objetivo da dissertação é apresentar como essa apropriação de elementos da física pela escola clássica liberal e neoclássica ¿ por intermédio das ideias de equilíbrio e naturalidade ¿, influenciou na compreensão de duas esferas centrais de análise na economia, a saber: a estrutura de produção/concorrência e as relações monetárias. Visto isso, pretendemos apresentar como a ideia de equilíbrio e de naturalidade auxiliaram no molde do próprio logos dessas duas escolas de pensamento, no que diz respeito à compreensão das crises e da expansão econômica. Ou seja, pretende-se demonstrar como essas ideias interferem na concepção de acumulação de capital das escolas clássica liberal e neoclássica de economia Abstract: The advent of astronomy and modern physics - in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries - represented a milestone in Western thought. Its influence spread through several areas of knowledge, including the construction of classical economic thought throughout the eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries, and later in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in the construction of neoclassical economics. This work starts from the hypothesis that the equilibrium principle and the influences of classical mechanics acted as the observer's "lens of cognition" in classical liberal and neoclassical theories. Therefore, this dissertation proposed to look for some links between the physics and the economy as far as the ideas of balance and naturalness are concerned. Thus, the purpose of the dissertation is to present as this appropriation of elements of physics by the classic liberal and neoclassical school - through the ideas of balance and naturalness -, influenced the understanding of two central spheres of analysis in the economy, namely: the structure of production / competition and monetary relations. Seen this, we intend to present as the idea of balance and naturalness helped in the mold of the logos itself of these two schools of thought, with regard to understanding crises and economic expansion. That is, it is intended to demonstrate how these ideas interfere in the conception of capital accumulation of the classical liberal and neoclassical schools of economics Mestrado Teoria Econômica Mestre em Ciências Econômicas CAPES

Orientador: Fabio Mascaro Querido Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: Esta dissertação busca analisar a teoria econômica neoclássica nos termos de um discurso cujo sentido é o reforço da organização social capitalista por meio de uma série de operações de naturalização e universalização, através das quais tal organização social pode aparecer não como um fenômeno social específico, mas como um fenômeno pertinente ao gênero humano enquanto tal. Para tanto, trabalharemos obras centrais na formação e consolidação da corrente de pensamento em questão, pertinentes não apenas em função de sua relevância histórica, mas também por terem lançado bases que permanecem teoricamente relevantes à economia neoclássica, buscando compreender de que forma nelas figuram as dimensões subjetiva, social e histórica. Mais especificamente, buscaremos entender como estes três elementos aparecem nas teorias em questão e como eles são nelas estruturados de modo que 1) o capitalismo apareça como uma decorrência da condição humana (ou, ao menos, enquanto a organização social que constitui a melhor resposta a ela); 2) diferentes organizações sociais apareçam como capitalismos com "cores diversas"; 3) relações sociais em organizações pré-capitalistas apareçam como formas germinais de relações sociais típicas do capitalismo, de modo que este apareça como resultado de uma marcha civilizacional cujo sentido já se encontrava mesmo nos povos mais primitivos. Central nesta análise será a noção de fechamento, através da qual será possível estabelecer que a teoria econômica neoclássica se constitui enquanto um esforço de negação radical da diferença, ou seja, da possibilidade mesma de se considerar qualquer tipo de fenômeno que se encontre fora do escopo das relações capitalistas; donde, então, seu sentido político, qual seja, o tolhimento das possibilidades de crítica e superação do Capital Abstract: This thesis aims to analyze neoclassical economic theory as a discourse which serves to reinforce capitalist social organization by way of a series of operations of naturalization and universalization which enable it to appear not as a specific social phenomenon, but as a human phenomenon. As such, this thesis analyses works of economic theory which are central to the formation and consolidation of the aforementioned school of thought. Such works are pertinent for our purposes as they are not only historically relevant but have also formulated certain base concepts which remain relevant in neoclassical theory. Our goal is to comprehend the ways in which they frame the dimensions of the subject, the social and the historical. More specifically, we will attempt to understand the ways in which these three elements appear in said theories and how they are herein structured. Our contention is that such a structurization is done in such a way as to allow 1) capitalism to appear as a consequence of the human condition (or, at least, as the social organization which best answers its dilemmas); 2) different and diverse social organizations to appear as "different colorations" of capitalism; 3) social relations in pre-capitalist organizations to appear as germinal forms of typical capitalist social relations, consequently making the latter appear as the result of a civilizational march whose direction could be already be discerned even in the most primitive of peoples. The notion of closure will be central to our efforts, as it will enable us to establish neoclassical economic theory as an effort to radically deny difference, to radically deny the very possibility of considering any kind of phenomenon which can exist outside of the scope of capitalist social relations. Therein, thus, lies its political sense: the restriction of possibilities of critique and of overcoming of Capital Mestrado Sociologia Mestre em Sociologia CNPQ 132516/2018-7 CAPES 88887.364065/2019-00

MPhil (Philosophy), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus Arguably, shareholders, asset managers, economists and businesses are more concerned than ever about the erratic value of their investments in 2020’s turbulent equity markets. While these concerns had materialised in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic, they have been exacerbated by the virus’ global effect. These investor insecurities have proven to emphasise an enduring uncertainty relating to how we ascribe value in our markets and the limits of the prevailing Neoclassical School of thought, as applied within financial and investment modelling. In contributing towards a reassessment of the prevailing thought, this dissertation explores the work of Bruno Latour into the philosophy of economy. This research proposes that Latour’s Actor-Network Theory, amongst other contributions, may help us better understand and assess the concept of value within equity markets, particularly in South Africa. By employing the diacritical hermeneutical method of Richard Kearney, this dissertation firstly develops a brief narrative of the development of the Neoclassical School of Economics, the School’s understanding of value, and then engages this narrative with Latour’s critique of the Economic Sciences. Secondly, the unique contributions of Latour are considered through his formulation of the Modern Constitution, his Actor-Network Theory and Actor-Network Theory’s existing applications to market environments. Beyond emphasising the existing limitations of the Neoclassical School of Economics, Latour’s treatment of, and suggested approach to, assessing overlooked factors toward value are considered. Throughout, Latour’s contributions are considered and paralleled with existing Sustainable and Responsible Investment practices which, alongside Latour’s work, will be used to reinforce this alternative concept of value within equity markets. In achieving these aims, this dissertation does not give an exhaustive or comprehensive review of the Neoclassical School of Economics or the works of Latour. While such surveys deserve their place, this dissertation is more interested in how Latour’s work can have a praxiological contribution to our evaluation within equity markets. The works of Latour are also only considered insofar as they contribute towards his critique of Economics or his understanding of value. In so doing, this dissertation provides a novel application of Latour to the Neoclassical School of Economics as considered within equity markets. It then situates Latour’s existing critique of the Economic Sciences within this sphere specifically and articulates Latour’s critique within this environment. Beyond framing greater application of Latour’s philosophy in equity markets, his contributions and critique are considered in supporting existing Sustainable and Responsible Investment approaches. Masters

Indexado en Scopus Neoclassical economics is based on and structured around the notion of homo economicus. The theory of consumer choice, the theory of the firm, industrial organization, and welfare theorems all require the assumption that agents act in accordance with the scheme of individualistic rational optimization. In this context, our contribution is threefold. First, we delimit the notion of homo economicus according to five characteristics or dimensions. Second, we critically review this anthropological scheme from five distinct approaches, namely, behavioral economics, institutional economics, political economy, economic anthropology, and ecological economics. Third, we conclude that the scheme of homo economicus is clearly inadequate and deficient. However, despite its inadequacies, it remains one of the fundamental pillars of the neoclassical paradigm in economics, which allows us to discuss why we have not yet overcome this paradigm.

International audience; A few years after the publication of The General Theory, a number of economists began to present John Maynard Keynes’s model, identified with IS‐LM, as a particular case of the Walrasian model. This view of IS‐LM has often been rationalized by a basic syllogism: IS‐LM was invented by John Hicks, Hicks was a Walrasian, hence IS‐LM was Walrasian. But as some historians of macroeconomics have shown, this syllogism is false. Considering this confusion as an established fact, this article studies how and why IS‐LM came to be considered as Walrasian. It shows that the standard view took its roots in “The Rate of Interest and the Optimum Propensity to Consume,” a paper published by Oskar Lange in 1938, and resulted from a need to clarify the foundations of Keynes’s theory. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Neoclassical economics assume that producers in an economy always operate efficiently, however in real terms, producers are not always fully efficient. This difference may be explained both in terms of efficiency, as well as unforeseen exogenous shocks outside the producer control. This paper aims to analyse the productive efficiency estimation through a stochastic frontier analysis approach. Particularly, this paper attempts to examine systematically the theoretical background of stochastic frontier function estimation, focusing on the analysis of the efficiency function, in order to provide a solid background for productive efficiency estimation., peer-reviewed

Submitted by Boris Flegr (boris@uerj.br) on 2021-01-05T21:15:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardo Santoro Pinto Machado Protegido.pdf: 1602874 bytes, checksum: 46dccc9ed9a1e21e40d3e927925e49d5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-05T21:15:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardo Santoro Pinto Machado Protegido.pdf: 1602874 bytes, checksum: 46dccc9ed9a1e21e40d3e927925e49d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-06 The Paper presents the libertarian philosophical and political thought to the brazilian academy, systematizing its various branches in epistemology, with emphasis on the methodological anarchism, falsificationism and methodological individualism; ethics, with emphasis on deontological, argumentative, utilitarian and pluralistic perspectives; and law, focusing the discussion between the monocentric and polycentric system. There also a brief presentation of libertarian economic thought, concluding with a systematic critique of these different visions of libertarianism Apresenta-se ao público brasileiro o pensamento filosófico-político libertário, sistematizando suas diversas correntes no campo da epistemologia, destacando-se o anarquismo metodológico, o falsificacionismo e o individualismo metodológico; da ética, destacando-se as visões deontológica, dialogal-argumentativa, utilitária e pluralista; e do direito, com a discussão entre o sistema monocêntrico e policêntrico; com algum destaque ainda para o pensamento econômico libertário, concluindo-se com uma crítica sistemática a essas diferentes visões do libertarianismo

This chapter examines China’s successful transition to a market economy, and compares its performance to that of Russia. Russia followed, though imperfectly, the Washington Consensus ‘shock therapy’ policies; China an alternative course. The chapter argues that unlike Russia, Chinese leaders understood that transition required institutional innovations. Unencumbered by the dictates of neoclassical economics, they were able to develop pragmatic solutions that provided the basis of China’s three decades of unprecedented growth.

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This study examines the free rider effect and other voluntary contribution behavior in an actual public goods funding situation. Because the traditional neoclassical economic model of consumption behavior does not adequately explain behavior with respect to voluntary contribution to the funding of public goods. A model is developed that expands upon the traditional model and which incorporates several aspects of behavior. These aspects include strategic behavior such as strong and weak free riding, non-voting, and protest voting, as well as utility received from contributing. Most studies of voluntary contribution behavior involve the use of hypothetical or contingent markets and use the traditional neoclassical model. Therefore, a study of contribution behavior that incorporates an expanded neoclassical model including factors such as contribution utility would be desirable in order to examine actual contribution behavior. To this end, a model is developed which explains the behavior of contributors and noncontributors to a tax checkoff program. The case study is the Virginia nongame wildlife tax checkoff for taxable year 1987. A survey was developed and administered to a random sample of Virginia taxpayers who were eligible to contribute to the program. The survey results do not support the strong free rider hypothesis, although many people apparently contributed less than their total willingness to pay for nongame wildlife management or preservation. Non-voting behavior was not a significant factor, in contrast to protest voting, which was a significant reason for noncontribution. Many contributors indicated that they were receiving utility from giving to a perceived good cause rather than from nongame wildlife per se. Finally, other factors appeared to be important to the contribution decision, including the institutional setting in Virginia and assurance about the use of funds. Ph. D.