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Le diabète compte parmi les maladies les plus potentiellement inductrices de comorbidités (1). En 2015, plus de 6,7 % de la population belge était diabétique (2). La prévalence du diabète et les complications associées, comme les infections, sont en augmentation. De nombreuses études démontrent que les patients atteints de diabète, notamment de type 2, ont un risque accru d’infections, parmi lesquelles les infections urinaires sont les plus fréquentes (3). Ces patients ont un risque d’infections du haut appareil urinaire 10 fois supérieur à la moyenne (4, 5) et sont plus susceptibles de présenter une pyélonéphrite emphysémateuse (6, 7). Le but de cette étude est de déterminer si les patients diabétiques sont plus à risque de développer une infection urinaire dans un contexte de calcul urétéral obstruct

RAINPOL® is an operational hydrometeorolgical monitoring and nowcasting system taking advantage of the latest advances in radar measurement and precipitation quantification. It also benefits from the implementation of a rainfall-runoff model developed by IRSTEA, thus providing runoff forecast at the outlets of rivers. This paper describes the principle and advantages of this system and illustrates two cases of operational use: one in the Alpes Maritimes department in the French Mediterranean coast for the SMIAGE institute, and a second one in the big city of Sao Paulo in Brazil. Natively integrating a NOVIMET radar specially designed for hydrometeorological applications, this monitoring system can also be adapted to other radar installations (e.g. those of the national met office) covering other sensitive areas., RAINPOL® est un système de surveillance et de prévision hydrométéorologique opérationnel qui tire profit des dernières avancées en matière de mesure radar et de quantification des précipitations. Il bénéficie également de l'implémentation d'un modèle pluie-débit développé par l'IRSTEA, pour apporter une prévision sur le débit à l'exutoire des rivières. Cet article décrit le principe et les avantages de ce dispositif, et illustre son utilisation opérationnelle dans le département des Alpes Maritimes pour le compte du SMIAGE, ainsi que dans la mégapole de Sao Paulo au Brésil. Intégrant nativement un radar NOVIMET spécialement conçu pour les applications hydrométéorologiques, ce système de surveillance peut également s'adapter à d'autres implantations radar (par exemple celles de la météorologie nationale) couvrant d'autres zones sensibles.

This paper describes how a tokenizer can be trained from any dataset in the Universal Dependencies 2.1 corpus (UD2) (Nivre et al., 2017). A software tool, which relies on Elephant (Evang et al., 2013) to perform the training, is also made available. Beyond providing the community with a large choice of language-specific tokenizers, we argue in this paper that: (1) tokenization should be considered as a supervised task; (2) language scalability requires a streamlined software engineering process across languages.

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This paper describes two systems for detecting Verbal Multiword Expressions (VMWEs) which both competed in the closed track at the PARSEME VMWE Shared Task 2018. CRF-DepTree-categs implements an approach based on the dependency tree, intended to exploit the syntactic and semantic relations between tokens; CRF-Seq-nocategs implements a robust sequential method which requires only lemmas and morphosyntactic tags. Both systems ranked in the top half of the ranking, the latter ranking second for token-based evaluation. The code for both systems is published under the GNU General Public License version 3.0 1 and is available at http://github.com/erwanm/adapt-vmwe18.

It is generally believed that neural damage that occurs early in development is associated with greater adaptive capacity relative to similar damage in an older individual. However, few studies have surveyed whole brain changes following early focal damage. In this report, we employed multimodal magnetic resonance imaging analyses of adult rhesus macaque monkeys who had previously undergone bilateral, neurotoxic lesions of the amygdala at about 2 weeks of age. A deformation-based morphometric approach demonstrated reduction of the volumes of the anterior temporal lobe, anterior commissure, basal ganglia, and pulvinar in animals with early amygdala lesions compared to controls. In contrast, animals with early amygdala lesions had an enlarged cingulate cortex, medial superior frontal gyrus, and medial parietal cortex. Diffusion-weighted imaging tractography and network analysis were also used to compare connectivity patterns and higher-level measures of communication across the brain. Using the communicability metric, which integrates direct and indirect paths between regions, lesioned animals showed extensive degradation of network integrity in the temporal and orbitofrontal cortices. This work demonstrates both degenerative as well as progressive large-scale neural changes following long-term recovery from neonatal focal brain damage.

Aim: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is an enzyme that regulates the intracellular levels of the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Within the CNS, PDE5 is highly expressed in the cerebellum and the hippocampus. There is currently a growing interest in using inhibitors of PDE5 such as Sildenafil (Viagra®) as possible drug for treatment of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s Disease. Moreover, effects of PDE5 inhibitors on the growth of different tumour cells are reported. Therefore we aimed to develop a F-18-labelled radioligand for imaging of this enzyme particularly in brain. Methods: Based on a quinoline scaffold (1) a series of fluorinated derivatives was synthesized and their inhibitory activity for several PDEs was determined. F-18-labelling of the most promising candidate ICF24075* was performed by using a nosylate precursor. In vitro autoradiography of [18F]ICF24075 was performed on pig brain slices. In vivo metabolism was investigated in plasma and brain samples of mice at 30 min p.i. using micellar chromatography. * 4-((3-chloro-4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-8-(3-(fluoro)azetidin-1-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)quinoline-6-carbonitrile Results: The inhibitory activity of ICF24075 toward PDE5 was determined with an IC50 value of 5.9 nM. F-18-labelling of the secondary carbon atom proceeded only with low labelling yields of around 7% resulting in RCY of 2%. In vitro binding studies demonstrated a specific blockade with sildenafil which was highest in the cerebellum. In vivo studies in mice revealed the formation of radiometabolites able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Conclusions: Due to the presence of radiometabolites in the brain, [18F]ICF24075 is not suitable for specific neuroimaging of PDE5. The unexpected fast metabolic degradation of the F-18-substituted azetidine ring is currently investigated by in vitro studies to confirm our assumption of N-dealkylation.

Objectives: The enzyme cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is involved in receptor-mediated signalling processes by regulation of the intracellular levels of the second messenger cGMP. PDE5 is peripherally located in heart, lungs and smooth muscle cells. Within the CNS it is highly expressed in the cerebellum and hippocampus. There is currently a growing interest in using inhibitors of PDE5 such as Sildenafil (Viagra®) as possible drugs in Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s Disease. Moreover, the effects of PDE5 inhibitors on the growth of different tumour cells are reported. Therefore we aimed to develop a 18F-labelled radioligand for imaging of this enzyme particularly in brain. Methods: A quinoline scaffold (1) was used as basis for the synthesis of a small library of derivatives with fluoro-containing substituents in position 3, 4 and 8 of the quinoline core. The inhibitory activity of the compounds was determined for the human PDE5A1 and a panel of other PDEs by using an enzyme assay with sildenafil as reference. 18F-labelling of the best candidate ICF24075 was performed on an azetidine ring by using a nosylate precursor (Figure). In vitro autoradiography of [18F]ICF24075 was performed on pig brain slices. In vivo metabolism was investigated in plasma and brain samples of mice 30 min p.i. using micellar chromatography. Figure: 18F-labelling of [18F]ICF24075 Results: The new ligand ICF24075 showed a good inhibitory activity for PDE5 (IC50 = 5.9 nM) and a high selectivity over other PDEs. 18F-labelling of the secondary carbon atom proceeded only with low labelling yields resulting in RCYs of 1.8 ± 0.3% (decay corr.) of the formulated product. In vitro binding studies demonstrated a specific blockade with sildenafil which was highest in the cerebellum. However, in vivo studies in mice revealed the formation of radiometabolites able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Conclusions: Due to the presence of radiometabolites in the brain, [18F]ICF24075 is not suitable for specific neuroimaging of PDE5. In particular the unexpected fast metabolic degradation of the 18F-labelled azetidine ring is currently further investigated by in vitro studies to confirm our assumption of N-dealkylation. Reference: (1) Bi, Y. et al; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2004, 14, 1577-1580.

Introduction: Standardization of BCR-ABL1 messenger RNA quantifi-cation by real-time PCR on the International Scale (IS) is critical for monitoring therapy response in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Since 2006, BCR-ABL1 IS standardization is propagated along reference laboratories by calculating a laboratory-specific conversion factor (CF), co-ordinated in Europe through the European Treatment and Outcome Study project. Although this process has proven successful to some extent, it has not been achievable for all laboratories due to the complexity of the process and the stringent requirements in terms of numbers of samples to be exchanged. In addition, several BCR-ABL1 IS quantification methods and secondary reference materials became commercially available. However, it was observed that different IS methods generate consistently different results. Methods: To overcome these difficulties, we have developed an alternative and simple approach of CF calculation, based on the retrospective analysis of existing external quality assessment (EQA)data. Our approach does not depend on the exchange of samples and is solely based on the mathematical CF calculation using EQA results.R esults and conclusion: We have demonstrated by thorough statistical validation that this approach performs well in converting BCR-ABL1 measurements to improve IS estimation. In expectation of a true golden standard method for BCR-ABL1 IS quantification, the pro-posed method is a valuable alternative. We thank all the members of the Belgian workinggroup on BCR-ABL1 standardization for sharing theEQA data. We are grateful to Prof. David Barnett andMr Stuart Scott for reviewing the manuscript and forallowing us to use and interpret UKNEQAS LI data aswe feel appropriate. This work was supported byNovartis Pharma.

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SPE IPM UBSPEIPMUB; Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most important grape pathogen in Europe and North America. Although the control is traditionally performed with fungicides, the appearance of resistant pathogen populations and the possible adverse effects on human and environment health are spurring the search for alternative means. In the present investigation, two protein hydrolysates of soybean (soy) and casein (cas) origin were successfully tested against P. viticola. On Vitis vinifera cv. Marselan plants, the application of soy and cas reduced the infected leaf surface by 76 and 63%, as compared to the untreated control, respectively. Since both hydrolysates seemed to trigger the plant immunity, we investigated their effect on selected grapevine defense responses. On treated grapevine cell suspensions, a different free cytosolic calcium signature was recorded for each hydrolysate, whereas a similar transient phosphorylation of two MAP kinases of 45 and 49 kDa was observed. These signalling events were followed by transcriptome reprogramming, including the up-regulation of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and the enzyme stilbene synthase responsible for the biosynthesis of resveratrol, the main grapevine phytoalexin. Liquid chromatography analyses confirmed the production of resveratrol and its dimer metabolites, δ- and ε-viniferins. Overall, soy effect was more pronounced than cas one. Both hydrolysates proved to be able to enhance grapevine immunity against pathogen attack.

The practical interest of flow control approaches is no more debated as flow control provides an effective mean for considerably increasing the performances of ground or air transport systems, among many others applications. Here a fundamental configuration is investigated by using non-thermal surface plasma discharge. A dielectric barrier discharge is installed at the step corner of a backward-facing step (Reh=30000, Re¿=1650). Wall pressure sensors are used to estimate the reattaching location downstream of the step. The primary objective of this paper is the coupling of a numerical optimizer with an experiment. More specifically, optimization by genetic algorithm is implemented experimentally in order to minimize the reattachment point downstream of the step model. Validation through inverse problem is firstly demonstrated. When coupled with the plasma actuator and the wall pressure sensors, the genetic algorithm finds the optimum forcing conditions with a good convergence rate, the best control design variables being in agreement with the literature that uses other types of control devices than plasma. Indeed, the minimum reattaching position is achieved by forcing the flow at the shear layer mode where a large spreading rate is obtained by increasing the periodicity of the vortex street and by enhancing the vortex pairing phenomena. At the best forcing conditions, the mean flow reattachment is reduced by 20%. This article, with its experiment-based approach, demonstrates the robustness of a single-objective multi-design optimization method, and its feasibility for wind tunnel experiments.

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08.05.14 KB. Ok to add report to spiral, author retain copyright

In this paper we present the system we submitted to the PAN'14 competition for the author verification task. We consider the task as a supervised classification problem, where each case in a dataset is an instance. Our system works by applying the same combination of parameters to every case in a dataset. Thus, the training stage consists in finding an optimal combination of parameters which maximizes the performance on the training data using cross-validation. This is achieved using a simple genetic algorithm, since the space of all possible combinations is impractical.

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Marrakech, Morocco, 2013

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Marrakech, Morocco, 2013

International audience; The deconvolution problem in image processing consists of reconstructing an original image from an observed and thus a degraded one. This degradation is often modelized as a linear operator plus an additive noise. The linear operator is called the blurring operator and the goal consists of deblurring the image. Very often, the blurring operator is modelized as a convolution whose kernel (the Point Spread Function) is not directly known in practice. In this paper, we first propose a new model for convolution and we validate it through computer simulations. Basically, we expend the kernel leading to a sequence of real coefficients in link with the moment problem. We particularly emphasize the radial isotropic case.

This paper summarizes the results of Plasmaero (EU project) partners on the characterization of plasma actuators based on nanosecond pulsed discharges. Results cover electrical aspects, optical discharge visualizations and measurements of the plasma-induced pressure wave, this for quiescent and transonic flow regimes. Among the results, this study demonstrates that the induced pressure wave is composed of over and under pressure of1600 and -600 Pa, respectively. In transonic regime, the capability of the discharge to produce a pressure wave remains but this one is convected by the freestream flow.

In this paper we present the approach we took in our participation to the PAN 2013 Author Identification task. It relies on a complex process to se- lect the features which represent the author's writing, using potentially multiple statistics and distance measures computed from the training set.

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012

Introducing and innovating services is advocated as a means by which manufacturing firms in advanced economies can retain or enhance their competitiveness. But little is known about how manufacturers innovate services, nor about the impact of service innovation on manufacturers' performance. Using two consecutive waves of the UK Innovation Survey, this paper first examines how manufacturers innovate services, comparing this with how they innovate goods (i.e., material products) and production processes. We find that manufacturers tend to innovate services differently: R&D is found to be unimportant, whilst investments in marketing and training are found to be related to service innovation. The paper then examines the impact of service innovation on performance, in terms of innovative sales per employee and total sales per employee. We find that service innovation does not increase innovative sales but is associated with higher total sales per employee.

This is the report for the CNGL ILT3 team entry to the HOO shared task. A Naive-Bayes-based classifier was used in the task which involved error detection and correction in ESL exam scripts. Our system placed 11th out of 14 teams for the detection and recognition tasks and 11th out of 13 teams for the correction task on the based on f-score for both preposition and determiner errors.

The aim of the CRISTAL project (Gestion des CRues par l'Integration des Systèmes Ṯransfrontaliers de prévision et de prévention des bassins versants Alpins) is to develop an operational flood forecasting system for catchments located in the French Southern Alps and Italian Piedmont, based on rainfall data from two dual-polarisation X-band radars. The study deals with the calibration and initialization of the rainfall―runoff model on gauged French catchments (45―461 km2 in area) on the Siagne, Paillon and Roya rivers. The GRD conceptual rainfall―runoff model is calibrated in order to reproduce measured flow. The model initialization consists of establishing a calculation rule to define the value of the daily production parameter in relation to known variables (such as previous rainfall or evapotranspiration). Hydrological simulations of recent events measured by X-band radars are presented and compared with raingauge and water-level records.

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Contamination de la Seine par les micropolluants organiques : Effet des conditions hydriques et de l'urbanisation

In the last years, studies about soil structure has been done by many different methods. Among them, the 2-D morphological image analysis of undisturbed samples has been the most typical technique. Stereological methods have also been largely applied but they require strong assumptions about the shape of pores and particles. X-ray and gamma-ray computed tomography have been successfully used in 3D analysis of pores but they present some serious drawbacks such as the high price, the generally coarse resolution, the high cost of the maintenance and the overall complexity of the instrumentation. To this respect system based on mechanical tomography applied to optical serial sectioning seems to be promising and in many cases more sustainable because of the low price and the modular resolution that it can be achieved. An example of this methodological approach is given in this paper along with the first results. The system is based on fast impregnation of short hardening time and low viscosity epoxy resin; in the resin a fluorescent dye is added. Sequential grinding and image acquiring are produced by means of a digital photo-scanner (3590 x 2700 pixels) directly connected to the head of the grinding wheel instrument. Large samples (140 x 140 x 350 mm) and high resolution (20 mu m) observations can be handle by the system. The 2D-images are sent via LAN to a Silicon Graphics workstation for image processing (3D reconstruction and analysis). Reconstruction has been done on 2D sections spaced by the same distance resulting from pixel resolution, in this way no extrapolation are made on voxel values.

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010

Transfert de composés perturbateurs endocriniens par le réseau d'assainissement et le réseau hydrographique à l'exutoire du bassin versant de l'Orge

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International audience; In this paper, particle velocity fields inside a wireto- plane ElectroStatic Precipitator (ESP) are investigated experimentally using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of the ionic wind on the particle collection efficiency in such systems. The high voltage power supply waveform and the presence of a dielectric barrier are the major parameters taken into account. The submicron particles, with a mean size of about 0.3 )m, are generated from incense burning and introduced into the ESP in order to examine the collection efficiency of the ESP using an aerosol spectrometer. PIV results show a strong interaction between the primary flow and the secondary flow (ionic wind). Near the wire electrode, the strong electric forces moved the particles from the central part of the channel to the plate electrodes. Within the drift region, the velocity magnitude depends essentially on the balance between the electric and the viscous forces. As expected, the highest collection efficiency is obtained with the negative dc corona. At low frequency (< 30 Hz), the Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) is as effective as the positive dc corona. Correlation between the ElectroHydroDynamic (EHD) flow and the collection efficiency show that the optimum distribution of ionic wind in time and space is one solution for the improvement of electrostatic precipitation of submicron particles.

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