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2. The Genomic Impact of European Colonization of the Americas

Author

Alessandro Raveane, Shahlo Turdikulova, Donata Luiselli, Pongsakorn Wangkumhang, Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme, Francesco Montinaro, Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone, Damir Marjanović, Mait Metspalu, Sarabjit S. Mastana, Oleg Balanovsky, Alessandro Achilli, Antonio Torroni, Lejla Kovacevic, L. A. Atramentova, Anna Olivieri, Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa, Linda Ongaro, Cristian Capelli, Toomas Kivisild, Bernardo L. Horta, Nédio Mabunda, Marilia O. Scliar, Roy J. King, Etienne Patin, Kristiina Tambets, Garrett Hellenthal, Mauricio Lima Barreto, Celia A. May, Miguel Gonzalez-Santos, Andreja Leskovac, Andrés Moreno-Estrada, Eduardo Tarazona-Santos, Alexandre C. Pereira, Rodrigo Flores, Anastasia Kouvatsi, Luca Pagani, Stefania Sarno, Elena Balanovska, Ornella Semino, Davide Marnetto, Ongaro L., Scliar M.O., Flores R., Raveane A., Marnetto D., Sarno S., Gnecchi-Ruscone G.A., Alarcon-Riquelme M.E., Patin E., Wangkumhang P., Hellenthal G., Gonzalez-Santos M., King R.J., Kouvatsi A., Balanovsky O., Balanovska E., Atramentova L., Turdikulova S., Mastana S., Marjanovic D., Mulahasanovic L., Leskovac A., Lima-Costa M.F., Pereira A.C., Barreto M.L., Horta B.L., Mabunda N., May C.A., Moreno-Estrada A., Achilli A., Olivieri A., Semino O., Tambets K., Kivisild T., Luiselli D., Torroni A., Capelli C., Tarazona-Santos E., Metspalu M., Pagani L., Montinaro F., Institute of Genomics [Tartu, Estonia], University of Tartu, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' = Department of Biology and Biotechnology [Univ di Pavia] (DBB UNIPV), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Reearch (GENYO), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Oxford, Stanford University School of Medicine [CA, USA], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (KhNU), Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry [Tashkent, Uzbekistan], Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Loughborough University, International Burch University [Sarajevo], University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas = Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto Nacional de Saude [Maputo, Mozambique] (INS), University of Leicester, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'L. Spallanzani', Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), University of São Paulo (USP), Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, University of Pavia, University of Pavia, BIGEA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and University of Bologna

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, admixture history of the America, Human genetic variation, Colonialism, Atlantic Slave Trade, Gene flow, 0302 clinical medicine, Colonization, European colonization, African Continental Ancestry Group, 0303 health sciences, Genome, Middle East, Geography, Caribbean Region, Genetic structure, Ethnology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Atlantic slave trade, Human, MESH: Caribbean Region, Gene Flow, American Native Continental Ancestry Group, Demographic history, European Continental Ancestry Group, Black People, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, sex-biased admixture, Humans, admixture history of the Americas, MESH: Gene Flow, MESH: Genome, Human, American Indian or Alaska Native, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Central America, MESH: Humans, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Central America, North America, South America, Genome, Human, MESH: South America, MESH: North America, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The complexity of the admixture dynamics that shaped American populations is unveiled by Ongaro et al., where genetic data for more than 12,000 individuals from the continents are investigated. This study evaluates the dramatic impact of events after the colonial era, revealing a spatial and temporal heterogeneity and mirroring historical records. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd The human genetic diversity of the Americas has been affected by several events of gene flow that have continued since the colonial era and the Atlantic slave trade. Moreover, multiple waves of migration followed by local admixture occurred in the last two centuries, the impact of which has been largely unexplored. Here, we compiled a genome-wide dataset of ∼12,000 individuals from twelve American countries and ∼6,000 individuals from worldwide populations and applied haplotype-based methods to investigate how historical movements from outside the New World affected (1) the genetic structure, (2) the admixture profile, (3) the demographic history, and (4) sex-biased gene-flow dynamics of the Americas. We revealed a high degree of complexity underlying the genetic contribution of European and African populations in North and South America, from both geographic and temporal perspectives, identifying previously unreported sources related to Italy, the Middle East, and to specific regions of Africa. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd Preprint version of the article: "The genomic impact of European colonization of the Americas", posted June 28, 2019 on bioRxiv. Article is now published in Current Biology doi: [dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.076]. Published version on this repository: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8654].

Published
2019
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