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Additional file 6: Supplementary Table 6a. Frequency of Campylobacter spp. Specimens with Antibiotic Susceptibility Results by Year, MHS, 2009-2019 (n = 182). Supplementary Table 6b. Frequency of STEC Specimens with Antibiotic Susceptibility Results by Year, MHS, 2009-2019 (n = 102).

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Search terms used to query laboratory data.

Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 4. Frequency of Specimens with Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Results, by Genus and Antibiotic, MHS, 2009-2019 (n = 13,852).

Additional file 5: Supplementary Table 5. Susceptibility Patterns of Enteric Pathogens Across the MHS, 2009-2019.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. Frequency of target organism detections, stratified by Geographic Combatant Command, MHS, 2009-2019.

Consumption of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is associated with beneficial effects such as prevention of metabolic diseases. Yacon root is known to contain various bioactive components including indigestible carbohydrates, but the alteration of intestinal environment after treatment with yacon has not been fully investigated. This study investigated yacon-containing diet effects on the intestinal environment in mice, including microbial composition, short-chain fatty acid levels, and mucus content. After mice were administered yacon-containing diet for 4 weeks, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed their fecal microbiota profiles. Organic acid concentrations in cecal contents were measured using an HPLC system. Compared to the control group, yacon-containing diet-received mice had significantly higher the concentrations of succinic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid. The fecal mucin content was also higher in yacon-containing diet-received mice. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses showed that the relative abundances of 27 taxa differed significantly in yacon-containing diet-received mice. Furthermore, results show effects of yacon administration on intestinal inflammation using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induced colitis model in mice. Increased colonic damage and myeloperoxidase activity after 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid treatment were suppressed in yacon-containing diet-received mice. Results suggest that oral intake of yacon root modulates the intestinal environment, thereby inhibiting intestinal inflammation.

Background : Following the introduction of non-contrast T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) in magnetic resonance imaging, using the inversion-recovery gradient-echo sequence, many researchers have shown that high-intensity signals (HISs) in carotid and coronary arterial walls indicate the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage or intracoronary thrombus containing methemoglobin. However, the time span of HISs generated by thrombus remains unknown. The aim of this study was to image a circulating vessel phantom with T1WI to determine if flow disturbance causes artifacts, such as a HIS and to perform serial observations of a human blood clot....

article

Additional file 1: Table S1. Beam arrangement of VMAT-TBI with Halcyon���.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Flowchart of participant selection in this study

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Increase in concentrations of IL-6, G-CSF and IL-1α proteins depending on the concentration and duration of inflammatory stimulation of HCAECs.

Additional file 3: Table S1. Summary of participant baseline characteristics. All data are presented as numbers (percentages). CQ: clinical question. Table S2. Summary of initial live vaccines and inactivated vaccines, RQ1. Table S3. Summary of the number of initial inactivated vaccines, RQ2. Table S4. Summary of number of initial BCG-only and rotavirus-only vaccines, RQ3

Additional file 1:. Definitions of outcomes

Additional file 3: Figure S3. High-dose IgG interfered with detection of IL-1α protein by ELISA.

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Concentration dependence of inhibitory effects of DEX on the inflammatory cytokine-induced production of IL-6, G-CSF and IL-1α by HCAECs.

ObjectivesThis study sought to characterize cognitive decline (CD) over time and its predictors in patients with systolic heart failure (HF).BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of CD and its impact on mortality, predictors of CD in HF have not been established.MethodsThis study investigated CD in the WARCEF (Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial, which performed yearly Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE) (higher scores indicate better cognitive function; e.g., normal score: 24 or higher). A longitudinal time-varying analysis was performed among pertinent covariates, including baseline MMSE and MMSE scores during follow-up, analyzed both as a continuous variable and a 2-point decrease. To account for a loss to follow-up, data at the baseline and at the 12-month visit were analyzed separately (sensitivity analysis).ResultsA total of 1,846 patients were included. In linear regression, MMSE decrease was independently associated with higher baseline MMSE score (p&nbsp

Economic and decision-making theories suppose that people would disengage from an extremely difficult task, because such a task does not implicate any normative utility values (i.e. success probability is almost zero). However, humans are often motivated for an extremely challenging task with little chance of success, even without any extrinsic incentives. The current study aimed to address how the nature of the task (luck vs. skill) and the presence of extrinsic rewards modulate this challenge-based motivation, and its neural correlates. Participants played a game-like, skill-based task with three different probabilities of success (i.e., high, moderate, and extremely-low chance of success), in one group without performance-based rewards (no-reward group) and the other group with performance-based monetary rewards (reward group). Participants in the third group played a similar task but the reward outcome was determined in a probabilistic manner (gambling group). Participants in the no-reward group showed increased intrinsic motivation, as the chance of success decreased (i.e. the task becomes more difficult) even if the task was almost impossible to achieve. On the other hand, the reward group exhibited the highest intrinsic motivation when the task had a moderate chance of success, and participants in the gambling group showed decreased intrinsic motivation as the chance of success decreased. The ventral striatum and the ventral pallidum also showed similar patterns of activation. These results suggest that, both at the behavioral and neural levels, people are intrinsically motivated to challenge a nearly impossible task, but only when the task requires certain skills and extrinsic rewards are not available.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to characterize cognitive decline (CD) over time and its predictors in patients with systolic heart failure (HF).BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of CD and its impact on mortality, predictors of CD in HF have not been established.METHODS: This study investigated CD in the WARCEF (Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial, which performed yearly Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE) (higher scores indicate better cognitive function; e.g., normal score: 24 or higher). A longitudinal time-varying analysis was performed among pertinent covariates, including baseline MMSE and MMSE scores during follow-up, analyzed both as a continuous variable and a 2-point decrease. To account for a loss to follow-up, data at the baseline and at the 12-month visit were analyzed separately (sensitivity analysis).RESULTS: A total of 1,846 patients were included. In linear regression, MMSE decrease was independently associated with higher baseline MMSE score (p < 0.0001), older age (p < 0.0001), nonwhite race/ethnicity (p < 0.0001), and lower education (p < 0.0001). In logistic regression, CD was independently associated with higher baseline MMSE scores (odds ratio [OR]: 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07 to 1.20]; p < 0.001), older age (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.50; p < 0.001), nonwhite race/ethnicity (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.72 to 3.13 for black; OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.40 to 2.69 for Hispanic vs. white; p < 0.001), lower education (p < 0.001), and New York Heart Association functional class II or higher (p = 0.03). Warfarin and other medications were not associated with CD. Similar trends were seen in the sensitivity analysis (n = 1,439).CONCLUSIONS: CD in HF is predicted by baseline cognitive status, demographic variables, and NYHA functional class. The possibility of intervening on some of its predictors suggests the need for the frequent assessment of cognitive function in patients with HF. (Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction [WARCEF]; NCT00041938).

Background : Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a marker that reflects the overall stiffness of the aorta, femoral artery, and tibial artery. Several previous reports have shown the usefulness of CAVI for coronary artery disease (CAD) presence and severity. According to coronary angiography (CAG) and intracoronary imaging such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), coronary plaque burden and morphology as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were previously evaluated. The aim of our study was to assess the correlation between CAVI value and Gensini's score for the coronary plaque burden as well as CAVI value and plaque morphology by using OCT. / Methods : A total of 548 consecutive patients who underwent CAG were enrolled in this study. CAVI value was evaluated in all patients, and OCT was performed in 89 of the 548 patients. CAVI ratio is calculated as CAVI/CAVIex (expected normal value of CAVI, which is calculated using patient age and sex)....

The effects of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NTM048 and type strain JCM6124(T) on the murine immune system were characterized. Although the bacterial cells and exopolysaccharides of each strain induced immunoglobulin A production in Peyer's patch cells, the effects of NTM048 were more potent than those of JCM6124(T). Oral administration of the cells of each strain increased the fecal immunoglobulin A content in NTM048-treated mice, but not in JCM6124(T)-treated mice. A flow cytometric analysis showed that the CD4(+) T-cell populations in the mouse spleens tended to increase in the NTM048 group. These results suggest that immunomodulating ability is characteristic of strain NTM048.

Coal fly ash (CFA), a by-product from coal-fired power plants, has many applications. However, there are concerns that the trace elements in CFA-based materials may contaminate groundwater. Therefore, many methods have been developed to rapidly measure these trace elements in CFA in order to management and/or screening their leachability. However, satisfactory methods to measure boron alone have not been reported. In this study, we developed an instrument for the non-contact analysis of boron in CFA samples. This simple instrument consisted of a sealed neutron source, a moderator, a proportional counter, and a signal processing device. The analysis method, based on thermal neutron absorptiometry, can rapidly measure the boron content within five minutes without pre-treatment. We applied the developed equipment to over 200 CFA samples, and excellent correlation was obtained between the proposed and traditional methods. These results indicated that the developed equipment is useful for managing and/or screening boron in CFA.

The ultimate goal of the treatment of schizophrenia is recovery, a notion related to improvement of cognitive and social functioning. Cognitive remediation therapies (CRT), one of the most effective cognition enhancing methods, have been shown to moderately improve social functioning. For this purpose, intrinsic motivation, related to internal values such as interest and enjoyment, has been shown to play a key role. Although the impairment of intrinsic motivation is one of the characteristics of schizophrenia, its neural mechanisms remain unclear. This is related to the lack of feasible measures of intrinsic motivation, and its response to treatment. According to the self-determination theory (SDT), not only intrinsic motivation, but extrinsic motivation has been reported to enhance learning and memory in healthy subjects to some extent. This finding suggests the contribution of different types of motivation to potentiate the ability of the CRT to treat cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. In this paper, we provide a review of psychological characteristics, assessment methods, and neural correlates of intrinsic motivation in healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia. Particularly, we focus on neuroimaging studies of intrinsic motivation, including our own. These considerations are relevant to enhancement of functional outcomes of schizophrenia.

Background : The presence of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis, a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, is associated with very poor prognosis. Therefore, early detection of cardiac sarcoidosis (C-sar) is very important for effective treatment. Recently, the value of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which allows visualization of even minute amounts of myocardial damage, has been emphasized in diagnosing C-sar. Although the presence of LGE has been added as a minor criterion for diagnosing C-sar in the most recent Japan Ministry of Health and Welfare (JMHW) guidelines, its clinical utility remains unknown....

A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with elevated creatine phosphokinase （3537U/ L） and muscle weakness of the lower limbs without any cutaneous lesions. Therefore, we diagnosed polymyositis. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and computed tomographic scan revealed a Borrmann type III tumor on the lower body of the stomach. We performed laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Two years after the distal gastrectomy, early remnant gastric cancer was found and we performed total remnant gastrectomy. In situ hybridization against EBVencoded small RNA 1 revealed that most of the cancer cells of both tumors were Epstein-Barr virus positive.

著者人数: 37名, 資料番号: SA1004515000

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are susceptible to several viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV). Some patients experience 1 or more episodes of a severe skin infection caused by HSV termed eczema herpeticum (EH). There are numerous mouse models of AD, but no established model exists for EH.We sought to establish and characterize a mouse model of EH.We infected AD-like skin lesions with HSV1 to induce severe skin lesions in a dermatitis-prone mouse strain of NC/Nga. Gene expression was investigated by using a microarray and quantitative PCR; antibody titers were measured by means of ELISA; and natural killer (NK) cell, cytotoxic T-cell, regulatory T-cell, and follicular helper T-cell populations were evaluated by using flow cytometry. The role of NK cells in HSV1-induced development of severe skin lesions was examined by means of depletion and adoptive transfer.Inoculation of HSV1 induced severe erosive skin lesions in eczematous mice, which had an impaired skin barrier, but milder lesions in small numbers of normal mice. Eczematous mice exhibited lower NK cell activity but similar cytotoxic T-cell activity and humoral immune responses compared with normal mice. The role of NK cells in controlling HSV1-induced skin lesions was demonstrated by experiments depleting or transferring NK cells.A murine model of EH with an impaired skin barrier was established in this study. We demonstrated a critical role of defective NK activities in the development of HSV1-induced severe skin lesions in eczematous mice.

著者人数: 37名, Accepted: 2016-02-20, 資料番号: SA1160092000

Supplement B. Details of t-test and the results. The results include boxplots and ROC curves based on each of 22 miRNAs selected by t-test between Normal and MCI. (PDF 55.1 kb)

Supplement A. Scatterplots and ROC curves for each of top 20 pairs of miRNAs selected by differential correlation analysis between Normal and MCI. (PDF 63.2 kb)

The purpose of this study is to calculate correction factors for plastic water (PW) and plastic water diagnostic-therapy (PWDT) phantoms in clinical photon and electron beam dosimetry using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code system. A water-to-plastic ionization conversion factor k(pl) for PW and PWDT was computed for several commonly used Farmer-type ionization chambers with different wall materials in the range of 4-18 MV photon beams. For electron beams, a depth-scaling factor c(pl) and a chamber-dependent fluence correction factor h(pl) for both phantoms were also calculated in combination with NACP-02 and Roos plane-parallel ionization chambers in the range of 4-18 MeV. The h(pl) values for the plane-parallel chambers were evaluated from the electron fluence correction factor phi(pl)w and wall correction factors P(wall,w) and P(wall,pl) for a combination of water or plastic materials. The calculated k(pl) and h(pl) values were verified by comparison with the measured values. A set of k(pl) values computed for the Farmer-type chambers was equal to unity within 0.5% for PW and PWDT in photon beams. The k(pl) values also agreed within their combined uncertainty with the measured data. For electron beams, the c(pl) values computed for PW and PWDT were from 0.998 to 1.000 and from 0.992 to 0.997, respectively, in the range of 4-18 MeV. The phi(pl)w values for PW and PWDT were from 0.998 to 1.001 and from 1.004 to 1.001, respectively, at a reference depth in the range of 4-18 MeV. The difference in P(wall) between water and plastic materials for the plane-parallel chambers was 0.8% at a maximum. Finally, h(pl) values evaluated for plastic materials were equal to unity within 0.6% for NACP-02 and Roos chambers. The h(pl) values also agreed within their combined uncertainty with the measured data. The absorbed dose to water from ionization chamber measurements in PW and PWDT plastic materials corresponds to that in water within 1%. Both phantoms can thus be used as a substitute for water for photon and electron dosimetry.

To make clear the realities of indoor air (IA) pollution in lecture rooms of Tottori University in Japan, we studied air quality by monitoring the CO2 level, an index of IA pollution. We changed IA environment of lecture rooms while the lecture was given by using fan-ventilation or not, and with room doors open or closed: we monitored the CO2 level at 5-min intervals during 2 or 3 consecutive 90-min lectures using an infrared ray absorption type CO2 monitor. Based on the observed levels for 90 min, we calculated the ventilation rate (times of operating the ventilation fan), and estimated CO2 level change in ventilated and non-ventilated rooms for a 90-min lecture with the ventilation rate. In non-ventilated rooms, the observed and estimated CO2 level exceeded the maximum of 1,500 ppm specified by the Japanese Government. The excess was irrespective of the ratio of air volume/ person in non-ventilated rooms with doors closed. During the 1-h lunch break with doors open, over 5,000 ppm levels dropped below the standard. During the lecture in fan-ventilation, the CO2 level was decreased to below or near above the standard. Fan-ventilation during the lecture break reduced the level nearly to that in the outside air. In the case of no fan-ventilation during the following lecture(s), the level exceeded the standard. To maintain a clean air environment in highly airtight university lecture rooms, ventilation during lectures was crucial, which can be done effectively by the use of ventilation fans. Use of the estimated level is generally adaptive in promoting the use of ventilation fans.

It has been said that when green tea is made using mineral water, the color is thicker than when made with tap water, and the smell and taste are of a higher quality. This study aimed i) to confirm whether there was a difference in the decoction elements by comparing green tea made with Hakusan-Meisui mineral water and purified water, and ii) to examine the preservation of the decoctions in terms of their quality retention effect. The study found that when green tea was made using Hakusan-Meisui, a larger amount of nutritional content and inorganic qualities were extracted from the exudate when compared with pure water. However, the quantity of vitamin C with Hakusan-Meisui was lower than that of purified water. In addition, the amounts of vitamin C in decoctions using both cold and hot water were also lower. The color and turbidity of green tea exudate made using Hakusan-Meisui by heating were higher than those of pure water, and the color was stronger. Though no changes were seen over time in pH, the number of bacteria or precipitation of either Hakusan-Meisui or pure water, the color, turbidity and oxidation-reduction potential showed an uptrend in the heated green tea decoction. In contrast to pure water, Hakusan-Meisui did not give off any rotten odor or astringency after being preserved for 5 days, and the effect of its quality maintenance was confirmed through a sensory evaluation of the decoction. The results of this study indicated that when green tea is made using Hakusan-Meisui, the color is stronger than when made with pure water, and the smell and taste are of a higher quality, as is generally said to be the case with mineral water.

application/pdf, 論文(Article)

大気球シンポジウム 平成17年度（2006年1月23-24日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部 (JAXA)(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県), Balloon Symposium 2005 (January 23-24, 2006. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 28名, 資料番号: SA6000068044

大気球シンポジウム 平成17年度（2006年1月23-24日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部 (JAXA)(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県), Balloon Symposium 2005 (January 23-24, 2006. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 28名, 資料番号: SA6000068043

大気球シンポジウム 平成16年度（2004年12月2-3日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部 (JAXA)(ISAS)）, 相模原市, 神奈川県), Balloon Symposium 2004 (December 2-3, 2004. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 著者人数: 31名, 資料番号: SA6000091044

著者人数: 38名, 資料番号: SA1003541000

著者人数: 40名, 資料番号: SA1003538000

資料番号: AA0046651030

南極周回長時間宇宙線観測計画「BESS-Polar」において，電力源の確保は最も重要な開発課題の一つである．測定器の消費電力６００Wを２０日間のフライト期間中連続して供給することが求めらるこのシステムは，同時に重量制限３００ｋｇなど気球実験特有の制約も満たさなければならない．これまでのBESS実験で用いられてきた一次電池に代わり太陽電池を使った新しい電力システムの開発が進められており，そのシステムの検証およびエアロダイナミクスの測定を目的として気球実験が三陸にて実施された．本稿では，太陽電池システムの概要を紹介する共に，三陸実験について報告する．, Establishment of a reliable power supply is one of our new challenges to acheive "BESS-Polar experiment", a long-duration balloon flight in Antarctica. The power system is required to enable the detector system operation with a capacity of 600W during a flight period of 20 days, as well as to meet balloon experimental constraints including weight restriction of 300kg. solar battery is newly adapted as a power source, instead of primary battery utilized in the present BESS system. In order to verify performances of the system being developed, a technical balloon flight at Sanriku Balloon Centre was carried out. This report describes the overview of the solar battery system and the outline of the flight., 資料番号: SA0200106000

The purpose of this work is to investigate the output power improvement of photovoltaic power generation systems using ON-OFF control methods. In the photovoltaic power generation system, the disturbance of the solar illuminance between the solar cells causes the imbalance of the internal resistance in each solar cell, and lowers the performance of the MPPT operation of the total photovoltaic power generation system. To overcome this problem, the authors investigate the feasibility of ON-OFF control methods in order to improve the MPPT operation. In the ON-OFF control methods, the solar cell module, which has a higher internal resistance due to a lower solar illuminance, can be disconnected in order to avoid the decrease in the total output power of the photovoltaic power generation system. Moreover, the disconnected solar cell module by the ON-OFF control method can be connected in parallel in order to extract the higher output power from the total photovoltaic power generation system. The authors demonstrated the validity of the ON-OFF control method using a small experimental model of a domestic photovoltaic power generation system.

Herein is reported a case of the nutcracker phenomenon with severe gross hematuria which was surgically treated. A 14-year-old boy had been suffering from left flank pain and recurrent gross hematuria causing urinary retention with blood clots. Radiological images including three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) and angiography disclosed the nutcracker phenomenon with left renal venous hypertension. Since the aforementioned symptoms could not be managed conservatively, he underwent transposition of the left renal vein at 5.5 cm caudal from the original position. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient has had no further hematuria after the surgery.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide fiber-reinforced concrete in which problems of concrete using a continuous fiber as a tension-reinforcing material are solved. SOLUTION: The fiber-reinforced concrete containing a continuous fiber comprising an organic fiber as the tension-reinforcing material is characterized in that the concrete also contains a short fiber comprising an organic fiber. The length of the short fiber is 5-50 mm and the mixing ratio of the short fiber is 1.0-3.0% by volume. The elongation of the fiber at fracture is increased and then, the bending deformation is made large by containing the short fiber and producing a plurality of flexural cracks. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI