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U ovom radu opisan je koncept programski upravljivih radijskih prijamnika s njihovim specifikacijama, mogućnostima i primjeni te je razvijen program za prikupljanje i analizu signala korištenjem RTL-SDR Blog V3 prijamnika. Programsko rješenje uključuje korisničko sučelje izrađeno uz pomoć Tkintera koje omogućava korisnicima da interaktivno biraju frekvencijske opsege za analizu, dok se koristeći Matplotlib grafički prikazuju prikupljeni podatatci. Dodatno, implementirana je statistička analiza prikupljenih signala, kako bi se izrazio odnos prosječne snage signala i šuma. Analizirane su frekvencije FM frekvencijskog spektra. Ovaj rad može poslužiti kao osnova za daljnje istraživanje na polju digitalne obrade signala i bežične komunikacije. This paper describes the concept of programmable radio receivers with their specifications, capabilities and application, and developed program for collecting and analyzing signals using the RTL-SDR Blog V3 receiver. The software solution includes a user interface created with the Tkinter, which allows users to interactively select frequency ranges for analysis, while Matplotlib is used to graphically display the collected data. Additionally, I implemented statistical analysis of the collected signals, in order to show the relationship between the average signal strength and the noise. I analyzed the frequencies of the FM frequency spectrum. This work can serve as basis for further research in the field of digital signal processing and wireless communication.

Bromate formation is a complex process that depends on the properties of water and the ozone used. Due to fluctuations in quality, surface waters require major adjustments to the treatment process. In this work, we investigated how the time of year, ozone dose and duration, and ammonium affect bromides, bromates, absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), near-infrared (NIR) spectra, and fluorescent components (humic-like and tyrosine-like) during surface water ozonation. Linear and non-linear models were used to determine and predict the relationships between input and output variables. Season, ozonation dose and time were correlated with the output variables, while ammonium affected only bromates. All coefficients of determination (R2) for the multiple linear regression models were >0.64, while R2 for the piecewise linear regression models was >0.89. The season had no effect on bromate formation in either model, while ammonium only affected bromides and bromates. Three input variables influenced UV254 in both models. The artificial neural network (ANN) model with the season, ozonation dose and time, ammonium, and NIR spectra was an effective way to describe water ozonation results. The multilayer perception neural network 14-14-5 had the lowest errors and was the best ANN model with R2 values for training, testing, and validation of 0.9916, 0.9826, and 0.9732, respectively.

Objective: To investigate the impact of fixed orthodontic treatment on adolescents’ oral hygiene behavior and to examine their food consuption during fixed orthodontic treatment, as well as their motivation to maintain oral hygiene. Materials and methods: This research was carried out in a form of a survey questionnaire consisting of 23 questions. The sample comprised 170 adolescent patients aged from 11 to 19 who underwent the fixed orthodontic treatment at the Orthodontic Clinic of the Zagreb University Hospital Centre. Results: The orthodontic appliance did not interfere with the patients’ maintenance of oral hygiene, but it made the consumption of certain foods more difficult. Most adolescents brushed their teeth twice a day, using medium-soft brushes (35%). Regarding additional oral hygiene aids, 72.4% of the respondents used interdental brushes, more than 50% of the respondents used antiseptic mouthwashes for mouth rinsing, whereas only 31.2% of the tested population used dental floss (4.1% of which daily). The respondents were highly motivated to maintain oral hygiene by their orthodontists (96.5%), but only a small number of the respondents were informed about the importance of an adequate diet while undergoing a fixed orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: Orthodontists should provide their patients with detailed instructions on hygiene maintenance and adequate diet during orthodontic treatment to minimize negative side effects of the fixed orthodontic treatment. Patients should be motivated upon each follow-up examination and encouraged to use as many oral hygiene aids in their daily routines as possible., Svrha rada: Željelo se ispitati kakav je utjecaj fiksne ortodontske terapije na konzumaciju hrane i održavanje oralne higijene kod adolescenata te njihova motiviranost za njezino održavanje. Materijal i metode: U tu je svrhu provedeno istraživanje u obliku anketnog upitnika od 23 pitanja, a sudjelovalo je 170 pacijenata adolescentne dobi od 11 do 19 godina koji su bili na terapiji fiksnim metalnim or-todontskim napravama u Klinici za ortodonciju Kliničkoga bolničkoga centra Zagreb. Rezultati: Istraživanje je pokazalo da ortodontska naprava ne smeta pacijentima u održavanju oralne higijene, ali im otežava konzumaciju određenih namirnica. Najveći broj adolescenata zube pere dva puta na dan i koristi se srednje mekanom četkicom (35 %). Od pomoćnih sredstava 72,4 % ispitanika upotrebljava interdentalne četkice za zube, više od 50 % koristi se antiseptičkom vodicom za ispiranje usne šupljine. Zubnim koncem koristi se tek 31,2 % ispitane populacije (od kojih samo 4,1 % svakodnevno). Ispitanike su uglavnom na održavanje oralne higijene motivirali njihovi ortodonti (96,5 %), ali samo mali dio ispitanika upućen je u važnost pravilne prehrane tijekom fiksne ortodontske terapije. Zaključak: Ortodonti svojim pacijentima trebaju davati detaljne upute o održavanju higijene te o pravilnoj prehrani za trajanja ortodontske terapije kako bi se minimalizirale negativne nuspojave fiksne ortodontske terapije. Pacijenti se trebaju motivirati tijekom svakoga kontrolnog pregleda te poticati da se u svakodnevnoj rutini koriste sa što više pomoćnih sredstava

Alcohol dependence (AD) is a complex disorder with a poorly understood etiology. In this study, we investigated the relationship between genetic variation in the TPH2 gene, which encodes the enzyme responsible for serotonin synthesis in the brain, and both AD and personality traits, with attention to Cloninger’s types of AD. The study included 373 healthy control subjects, 206 inpatients with type I AD, and 110 inpatients with type II AD. All subjects were genotyped for the functional polymorphism rs4290270 in the TPH2 gene, and AD patients completed the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). The AA genotype and the A allele of the rs4290270 polymorphism were more frequent in both patient groups compared with the control group. In addition, a negative association was found between the number of A alleles and TPQ scores for harm avoidance in patients with type II, but not type I, AD. These results support the involvement of genetic variations of the serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of AD, especially type II AD. They also suggest that in a subset of patients, genetic variation of TPH2 could potentially influence the development of AD by affecting the personality trait of harm avoidance.

Psychiatric disorders represent one of the leading problems of the public health community in the modern world today, especially because their incidence is steadily increasing and they are one of the main reasons for the overall disease burden in Europe. One of the most frequently diagnosed, yet under recognized diseases, is depression. Depression, whether a symptom, part of a syndrome or an independent diagnosis, is characterized by feelings of sadness, loss of interest and pleasure in activities that normally bring joy to a person, and can affect how a person feels, thinks and behaves. It affects all age and social groups, as well as both sexes, it is often comorbid with other physical diseases, and increases the risk of developing other physical diseases. There are certain differences between the sexes in the prevalence, the way a certain sex group deals with problems caused by depression, and the possible causes of these differences, which we present in more detail in this paper. Differences are observed in all cultures, environments and across different age groups. Patients suffering from depression have a particularly high risk of committing suicide. Suicide is a psychopathological phenomenon of multifactorial aetiology that is most often associated with psychiatry and mental disorders and is not a diagnosis in itself, but a complication of many psychiatric disorders. here are many differences in the rate of suicide by age and sex, as well as in the method of suicide, which we also present in more detail in this paper.

Research on the possible connection of right-wing extremism with organized crime actors shows that there are individuals who are occasionally mentioned in this context. Also, transnationally connected criminal groups from the West Balkans commit violent crimes in Croatia, mainly murders of Serbian and Montenegrin citizens, members of opponent OC groups from Serbia and Montenegro. These murders are connected to well-known criminal groups, which indicates to a cooperation with OC in the country. The background of these murders is the fight for control over the illegal narcotics trade because Croatia is situated along an extremely important smuggling route for illicit drugs towards. Western Europe.

Uvod Prethodna istraživanja percepcije pandemije COVID-19 adolescenata u ortodontskoj terapiji provedena su u ranoj fazi pandemije kada je dostupnost zdravstvene zaštite bila ograničena. Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti jesu li pohađanje online nastave, samoizolacija te općenita tjeskoba zbog pandemije prediktori zabrinutosti adolescenata oko njihove ortodontske terapije tijekom normalizacije zdravstvenog sustava. Materijali i metode Sudionicima u dobi od 10 do 18 godina koji su bili u ortodontskoj terapiji fiksnom napravom na Zavodu za ortodonciju Klinike za stomatologiju KBC Zagreb dan je upitnik s demografskim podacima i česticama vezanim uza zabrinutost koju osjećaju oko tijeka i rezultata svoje ortodontske terapije, kao i oko rizika zbog infekcije koronavirusom. Odgovori na navedene čestice bili su na Likertovoj ljestvici od 1 do 5. Latentna struktura upitnika analizirana je eksploratornom faktorskom analizom (EFA). Prediktori latentnih konstrukata ispitani su hijerarhijskom multiplom regresijom. Statistička analiza provedena je u softverom SPSS (verzija 22.0 ; IBM, Armonk, SAD). Rezultati U pilot studiji, 153 sudionika (60.1% djevojčica, medijan dobi 15, interkvartilni raspon 13-16) ispunilo je upitnik. EFA je otkrila dvofaktorsku strukturu, Zabrinutost oko terapije (TC) i svijest o važnosti zaštitnih mjera (AM). Kontrolni pregledi propušteni zbog samoizolacije, samoprocijenjen negativni psihološki učinak i tjeskoba zbog pandemije COVID-19 su bili značajni prediktori TC (p≤0.045), objašnjavajući 2-5% varijance, ali nisu bili prediktori AM. Pohađanje nastave uživo nasuprot online nastave nije bilo prediktor ni TC ni AM. Zaključak Prilikom razgovora s adolescentima o njihovoj zabrinutosti oko tijeka i ishoda ortodontske terapije, potrebno je posvetiti posebnu pažnju onih pacijentima koji reportiraju više tjeskobe zbog pandemije te onima koji su propustili jedan ili više kontrolnih pregleda zbog samoizolacije

UVOD: Pojava novog oblika pandemije ukazala je na važnu i zahtjevnu ulogu medicinskih sestara i tehničara u održavanju zdravlja ljudi i to posebice u izvanrednim situacijama globalnih javnozdravstvenih kriza i problema. Poznavanje karakteristika posla kao i praćenje profesionalne predanosti zaposlenika važno je u svrhu praćenja i poboljšanja kvalitete pružene skrbi. CILJ: Ispitati karakteristike posla i profesionalnu predanost zaposlenih medicinskih sestara i tehničara u Republici Hrvatskoj tijekom COVID-19 pandemije. MATERIJALI I METODE: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje uz pomoć on line ankete distribuirane potencijalnim ispitanicima putem društvenih mreža. Za istraživanje se koristio anonimni standardizirani anketni upitnik iz tri dijela. REZULTATI: Od ukupno 497 ispitanika, 435 (88%) cijelu karijeru namjerava raditi u sestrinstvu. Ispitanici uglavnom izražavaju (97,17%) da skrb prema bolesniku pružaju kao prema članu svoje obitelji. Polovica ispitanika (50,7%) napustila bi profesiju ako se ne bi slagala sa nadređenim ili kolegama, a nešto manji udio (34,4%) ostao bi u sestrinskoj profesiji unatoč nemogućnosti profesionalnog napredovanja. Ispitanici (70%) smatraju kako u poslu imaju umjerenu autonomiju, a 74,03 % ispitanika kako tijekom rada koristi složenu sofisticiranu opremu. Ispitanici su uglavnom suglasni (78.46%) da da njihov posao utječu povratne informacije od drugih osoba te niti jedan ispitanik (0) nije smatrao da sestrinski posao nije važan. ZAKLJUČAK: Tijekom COVID-19 pandemije koja je dovela do promjena u karakteristikama posla svih zdravstvenih djelatnika pa tako i medicinskih sestara na području Republike Hrvatske prisutna je profesionalna predanost medicinskih sestara. ABSRTACT: The emergence of a new form of pandemic has pointed to the important and demanding role of nurses and technicians in maintaining people's health, especially in emergency situations of global public health crises and problems. Knowing the characteristics of the job as well as monitoring professional commitment of employees is important for the purpose of monitoring and improving the quality of care provided. OBJECTIVE: To examine the job characteristics and professional commitment of employed nurses and technicians in the Republic of Croatia during the COVID-19 pandemic MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the help of an online survey distributed to potential respondents via social networks. An anonymus standardized questionnaire in three parts was used for the research. RESULTS: Out of a total of 497 respondents, 435 (88%) intend to work in nursing for their entire career. Respondents mostly express (97.17%) that they care for the ptient as if they were a memeber of their family. Half of the respondents (50.7%) would leave the profession if they did not agree with their superiors of colleagues, and a slightly smaller proportion (34.4%) would remain in the nursing profession despite the impossibility of professional advancement. 70% of respondents believe that they use complex sophisticated equipment during work. Respondents mostly agree (78.46%) that their work is influenced by feedback from other people, and not a single respondent (0) considered that nursing work is not important. CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to changes in the job characteristics of all healthcare workers, including nurses, in the Republic of Croatia, the professional commitment of nurses was present.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by excessive and uncontrolled drinking that causes distress and has damaging consequences for men and women of all ages. It is one of the four most disabling diseases and it affects approximately 14.6 million persons in Europe. Objectives: Objective of this study is to investigate changes in platelet serotonin concentration after four weeks of alcohol abstinence in regards to the genotype of the serotonin transporter. Methods: A total of 154 patients with AUD were included in the study. Platelet serotonin concentrations were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genotype of serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism was determined by the polymerase chain reaction-based method. Results: We did not establish a statistically significant main effect of serotonin transporter polymorphism on platelet serotonin concentration after four weeks of abstinence. Conclusion: Aforementioned finding is in line with previous research suggesting a complex relationship between serotonin transporter gene and platelet serotonin levels, and congruent with the well-established genotype interaction with numerous other factors, such as sex, ethnicity, education level, and stressful life events.

Bol je neugodno osjetno i emocionalno iskustvo koje se redovito javlja u mnogim kroničnim stanjima. U ovom radu opisana je primjena epiduralne analgezije kod bolesnika s kroničnom boli, od čega je obrađena primjena kod nemaligne i maligne boli. Kronična bol kompleksan je klinički problem koji utječe na sva područja života i rada pojedinca. Pod kroničnom boli podrazumijeva se bol koja traje od 3 do 6 mjeseci i dulje i ostaje prisutna i nakon što je završen proces cijeljenja tkiva. Opisana je primjena epiduralne analgezije kod liječenja križoblje kao najčešće kronične nemaligne boli, a potom je opisana i primjena epiduralne analgezije u liječenju karcinomske boli kao maligne boli. Epiduralna analgezija je tzv. neuroaksijalna blokada kod koje se anestetik aplicira u epiduralni prostor, a njegova će definicija, kao i kontraindikacije te komplikacije spomenute analgezije biti dane u radu. Kronična nemaligna bol tretira se davanjem epiduralnih injekcija koje najčešće sadrže kortikosteroide, a ponekad i lokalne anestetike, dok se kronična maligna bol najčešće tretira plasiranjem tuneliranog epiduralnog katetera putem kojeg se daju opijati i lokalni anestetici. Prilikom primjene epiduralne analgezije u liječenju kronične nemaligne i maligne boli od neizmjerne je važnosti uloga medicinske sestre. Medicinska sestra zadužena je za provođenje kvalitetne psihološke i fizičke pripreme pacijenta, uzimanje detaljne anamneze, edukaciju pacijenta i obitelji o samom postupku, pripremu aseptičnih uvjeta i monitoring pacijenta za vrijeme i po završetku postupka. Pain is an uncomfortable sensory and emotional experience that occurs regularly in many chronic conditions. In this paper, the use of epidural analgesia in patients with chronic pain is described, of which the use in non-malignant and malignant pain is discussed. Chronic pain is a complex clinical problem that affects all areas of an individual’s life and work. Chronic pain is pain that lasts from 3 to 6 months and longer and remains present even after the tissue healing process has been completed. The use of epidural analgesia in the treatment of low back pain as the most common chronic non-malignant pain is described, and then the use of epidural analgesia in the treatment of carcinoma pain as malignant pain is described. Epidural analgesia is the neuroaxial blockade in which the anesthetic is applied to the epidural space, and its definition, as well as contraindications and complications of the mentioned analgesia, will be given in the paper. Chronic non-malignant pain is treated by giving epidural injections, which usually contain corticosteroids and sometimes local anesthetics, while chronic malignant pain is usually treated by placing a tunneled epidural catheter through which opiates and local anesthetics are given. In the application of epidural analgesia in the treatment of chronic non-malignant and malignant pain, the role of the nurse is of immense importance. The nurse is in charge of conducting quality psychological and physical preparation of the patient, taking detailed anamnesis, educating patients and families about the procedure, preparing aseptic conditions and monitoring the patient during and after the procedure.

To assess potential benefits of quetiapine for persistent sleep disturbances in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on stable combined SSRI and benzodiazepine therapy, who previously failed to respond to various benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine hypnotic adjuvant treatment as well as to first-generation antipsychotic add-on treatment.Fifty-two male PTSD outpatients on stable combination treatment with SSRI and benzodiazepines, with persistent sleep disturbances not responding to prescription of zolpidem, flurazepam, nitrazepam, promazine, and levopromazine, were assessed for sleep disturbances improvements after prescription of quetiapine in the evening. Each patient met both ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Psychiatric comorbidity and premorbidity were excluded using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Improvement on the CAPS recurrent distressing dream item, reduction in the amount of time needed to fall asleep, prolongation of sleep duration, and reduction in average number of arousals per night in the last 7 days before the assessment period were used as efficacy measures.All sleep-related parameters improved significantly at the end of a five-week follow-up: sleep duration increased by one hour (p0.001), sleep latency decreased by 52.5 minutes (p0.001), median number of arousals per night decreased from two to one (p0.001), CAPS recurrent distressing dream item median decreased from five to four (p0.001), and the number of patients dissatisfied with their sleep quality and quantity decreased from 45 to two (p0.001).Quetiapine prescribed in the evening may be successful therapy for persistent sleep disturbances in patients with PTSD and generally good response to an SSRI and benzodiazepine combination, who previously failed to respond to some of the usual hypnotic medication or addition of first-generation antipsychotics: zolpidem, flurazepam, nitrazepam, promazine, and levopromazine.

Optimization of the water treatment process is a major challenge given the large number of parameters that influence water quality and the stages of the raw water treatment process. In this work, the influence of three input parameters (preozonation dose, time and main zonation dose) on five outputs (bromates, dissolved manganese, specific ultraviolet absorption, trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids) was studied. The effect of ozone in different combinations of process conditions was investigated by 17 experiments using a Box-Behnken design of experiment, reducing the complexity and financial cost of the research compared to classical research. In addition, the response surface methodology was used to obtain predictive models for all output variables and to obtain graphical representations of the prediction of bromate formation, considering the input parameters with their optimal values and to achieve desired output values.

Put u Split je knjiga, odnosno storytelling vodič kroz palaču cara Dioklecijana. Ovaj vodič ispričat će priče i vodit će ulicama daleke prošlosti, još od samog rođenja Dioklesa pa sve do njegove vladavine.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) is gaining momentum as an analytical tool because of its ability of fast, on-line, non-destructive sample scanning and analysis. According to literature data, it is extensively used in food, chemical, textile and pharmaceutical industry, as well as in biotechnology. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of the use of NIRs for determination of drinking water quality. The analyzed samples were taken from the Butoniga Lake (Istria, Croatia) and have been undergone different treatments: pre-treatment, flocculation and main ozonation. During the pre-treatment phase, the samples were treated with different ozone concentrations (0.2, 1.1 and 2 mg/L), and during the main ozonation phase they were treated with 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/L ozone for varying duration (5, 15.5 and 30 min). The samples were scanned using the NIR-128L-1.7-USB/6.25/50 µm (Control Development, South Bend, Indiana, USA) spectrophotometer and the data was analyzed by use of principle component analysis in the Statistica v.14 software (Tibco software, Palo Alto, USA). As a result it certainly stands out that, NIR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis, was able to differentiate the water samples based on the type of treatment with high accuracy (pretreatment, flocculation and main ozonation). Furthermore, when only the main ozonation stage was analyzed, the distinction between the dose of ozone and the duration of ozone treatment was also successful deriving from the recorded NIR spectra. These results confirm the possibility of NIRs usage in water quality analysis, which enables fast on-line analysis with no need of complicated time and resource consuming chemical analyses.

Bromide in water can form undesirable by-products such as bromate when treated by ozonation during drinking water production. The maximum contaminant level (MCL) for bromate is 10 µg/L in most countries because it is suspected of being carcinogenic. In this paper, the geographical distribution of bromide concentration in Croatian groundwater is presented covering the Pannonian basin and the Dinarides (Adriatic Sea). Groundwater in Croatian wellfields predominantly has a bromide content of less than 50 µg/L and thus belongs to the group with low potential for bromate formation. Waters with higher bromide concentrations were found mainly in the coastal regions of Croatia, probably due to seawater intrusion. In addition, bromide concentration showed a positive correlation of 0.6 with conductivity, chloride, and sodium. In addition, the potential of 123 groundwaters analyzed in this study to form bromate when treated with ozone was evaluated using models available in the literature. Analysis of water from Croatian wellfields indicated that the potential for bromate formation above the MCL during ozonation was relatively low. The models used from the literature predicted quite different values of bromate concentration when applied to the same water, with some values exceeding those theoretically possible. Selected models may be useful as a general warning of possible bromate formation.

Background: To assess potential benefits of quetiapine for persistent sleep disturbances in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on stable combined SSRI and benzodiazepine therapy, who previously failed to respond to various benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine hypnotic adjuvant treatment as well as to first- generation antipsychotic add-on treatment. Subjects and methods: Fifty-two male PTSD outpatients on stable combination treatment with SSRI and benzodiazepines, with persistent sleep disturbances not responding to prescription of zolpidem, flurazepam, nitrazepam, promazine, and levopromazine, were assessed for sleep disturbances improvements after prescription of quetiapine in the evening. Each patient met both ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Psychiatric comorbidity and premorbidity were excluded using the Mini-International Neuro psychiatric Interview (MINI). Improvement on the CAPS recurrent distressing dream item, reduction in the amount of time needed to fall asleep, prolongation of sleep duration, and reduction in average number of arousals per night in the last 7 days before the assessment period were used as efficacy measures. Results: All sleep-related parameters improved significantly at the end of a five-week follow-up: sleep duration increased by one hour (p

The question to what extent right-wing extremism in the Republic of Croatia threatens, or could in certain circumstances threaten, the democratic order and become a serious national security issue, has not been considered particularly relevant by the Croatian public until recently. Inappropriate rhetoric, namely hate speech as a tool for defamation and exclusion of minority groups or "dangerous others" in general, has been seen as having more of a trendy character. As, after all, in most countries of liberal democracy, there is a constant presence of greater or lesser intensity of such rhetoric. This rhetoric has very rarely, almost never, been accompanied by a more serious realization of the phenomenon. Clear condemnation and dissociation of state institutions, along with the legal framework, from those unacceptable activities make a significant contribution to combating right-wing extremism. In that regard, the public reports of SOA -- the central institution of the Croatian security intelligence system -- do not label extremism as a threat to national security. This means that in their opinion, there are no organized social groups or political parties in Croatia whose actions can cause such a wave of violence that would lead, or at least in part, to the destabilization of the democratic framework of the Croatian society and state.

UVOD: Pojava novog oblika pandemije ukazala je na važnu i zahtjevnu ulogu medicinskih sestara i tehničara u održavanju zdravlja ljudi i to posebice u izvanrednim situacijama globalnih javnozdravstvenih kriza i problema. Poznavanje karakteristika posla kao i praćenje profesionalne predanosti zaposlenika važno je u svrhu praćenja i poboljšanja kvalitete pružene skrbi. CILJ: Ispitati karakteristike posla i profesionalnu predanost zaposlenih medicinskih sestara i tehničara u Republici Hrvatskoj tijekom COVID-19 pandemije. MATERIJALI I METODE: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje uz pomoć on line ankete distribuirane potencijalnim ispitanicima putem društvenih mreža. Za istraživanje se koristio anonimni standardizirani anketni upitnik iz tri dijela. REZULTATI: Od ukupno 497 ispitanika, 435 (88%) cijelu karijeru namjerava raditi u sestrinstvu. Ispitanici uglavnom izražavaju (97, 17%) da skrb prema bolesniku pružaju kao prema članu svoje obitelji. Polovica ispitanika (50, 7%) napustila bi profesiju ako se ne bi slagala sa nadređenim ili kolegama, a nešto manji udio (34, 4%) ostao bi u sestrinskoj profesiji unatoč nemogućnosti profesionalnog napredovanja. Ispitanici (70%) smatraju kako u poslu imaju umjerenu autonomiju, a 74, 03 % ispitanika kako tijekom rada koristi složenu sofisticiranu opremu. Ispitanici su uglavnom suglasni (78.46%) da da njihov posao utječu povratne informacije od drugih osoba te niti jedan ispitanik (0) nije smatrao da sestrinski posao nije važan. ZAKLJUČAK: Tijekom COVID-19 pandemije koja je dovela do promjena u karakteristikama posla svih zdravstvenih djelatnika pa tako i medicinskih sestara na području Republike Hrvatske prisutna je profesionalna predanost medicinskih sestara.

Uvod Proučavanjem različitosti u dimenzijama zubi opažaju se razlike ovisno o dobi, spolu i pripadnosti određenoj populaciji. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti međusobne povezanosti dimenzija trajnih očnjaka i prednjeg Boltonovog omjera sa spolnim razlikama u dimenzijama zubi te iskoristiti spolno-specifične razlike u odontometrijskih varijablama za pripremu statističkog modela koji može odrediti spol nepoznatog ispitanika. Materijali i metode Odontometrijski podaci prikupljeni su na temelju 121 sadrenog studijskog modela mjerenjem dimenzija trajnih očnjaka (cervikalno-incizalna, mezio-distalna i vestibularno-oralna) te Boltonovog prednjeg omjera. Mjerenja su provedena pomoću digitalne pomične mjerke uz preciznost od 0, 1 mm. Za svakog ispitanika prikupljeno je ukupno 16 varijabli: 12 dimenzija trajnih očnjaka (4 zuba × 3 dimenzije), spol, dob, prednji Boltonov omjer i podatak o klasi prema Angleu. Analiza podataka provedena je metodama inferencijalne statistike, analizom glavnih komponenata i modelom umjetne neuronske mreže. Rezultati Usporedbom srednjih vrijednosti pojedinih odontometrijskih varijabli trajnih očnjaka između muških i ženskih ispitanika utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike. Svaka od 12 odontometrijskih varijabli statistički se značajno razlikovala između spolova. Opažene su i razlike među kvadrantima usne šupljine. Poboljšanje preciznosti modela demonstrirano je povećanjem postotka točnih predikcija s početnih vrijednosti od 72, 0 – 78, 1 % na 77, 8 – 85, 7 % nakon što je u osnovni model dodan podatak o prednjem Boltonovom omjeru te dobi ispitanika. Zaključak Spolno-specifične razlike identificirane su u svim odontometrijskim varijablama i pripremljen je model umjetne neuronske mreže koji temeljem odontometrijskih varijabli može predvidjeti spol nepoznatog ispitanika s točnošću od preko 80 %.

Ekstremne vremenske prilike poput suša, poplava i toplinskih valova neke su od posljedica klimatskih promjena. Sve te promjene utječu na količinu i kvalitetu vode prisutne u prirodi, a, samim time, i na vodu za ljudsku potrošnju. Promjena kemijskog sastava, porast zamućenja i rast patogenih mikroorganizama samo su neke od promjena kvalitete sirove vode koje zahtijevaju prilagodbe u procesima obrade kao što su desalinizacija, ultrafiltracija, ozoniranje, flokulacija i dezinfekcija. Svaki od procesa obrade potrebno je optimirati kako bi se postigli željeni parametri, a da pritom ne nastanu neželjeni nusproizvodi. Ukoliko se identificiraju parametri na koje direktno i indirektno utječu klimatske promjene, lakše je prilagoditi kompleksan proces obrade vode za ljudsku potrošnju, ovisno o izvoru koji se koristi. Optimiranjem procesa obrade vode također se povećavaju pouzdanost sustava opskrbe vodom te smanjuju operativni troškovi, čime se omogućava siguran pristup vodi za ljudsku potrošnju široj populaciji.

U ovom radu analiziran je utjecaj prikupljenih podataka o klimatskim uvjetima i karakteristikama jezera Butoniga. Kvaliteta vode jezera najgora je u ljetnim mjesecima zbog temperaturne stratifikacije jezera i anoksije pridnenog sloja. Turistička aktivnost u Istri povećala je količinu crpljenja vode iz jezera Butoniga, zbog čega je smanjeno ispuštanje vode koje služi za regulaciju razine jezera. Primijećen je blagi trend povećanja temperature zraka i vode u jezeru. Najveći problem za predviđanje trendova kvalitete vode u ovisnosti o klimatskim uvjetima predstavlja nepostojanje kontinuiteta mjerenja svih varijabli na svim lokacijama.

Cilj je istraživanja bio utvrditi odnos između petofaktorskog modela ličnosti i uspjeha u školi i vladanja u dvjema vremenskim točkama; na početku 3. (T1) i na kraju 4. razreda srednje škole (T2). U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 421 učenika srednje škole u dobi od 16 do 19 godina. Za ispitivanje dimenzija ličnosti korištena je adaptirana verzija Petofaktorskog inventara ličnosti. Školski uspjeh mjeren je ocjenom općeg uspjeha na kraju školske godine, a ocjena vladanja mjerila se na temelju neopravdanih sati. Glavna analiza podataka uključivala je dvije hijerarhijske regresijske analize u svakoj vremenskoj točki. U oba mjerenja rod je značajno doprinio objašnjenju uspjeha u školi i vladanja. Konkretno, učenice su pokazale bolji uspjeh u školi te bolje vladanje u usporedbi s učenicima. Nadalje, u prvome mjerenju, osobe s izraženim dimenzijama ličnosti i otvorenosti prema iskustvu, savjesnosti te manje izraženim neuroticizmom pokazale su bolji uspjeh u školi u usporedi s osobama s manje izraženom otvorenosti prema iskustvu, savjesnosti te više izraženim neuroticizmom. Međutim, petofaktorske dimenzije ličnosti u drugom mjerenju nisu značajno dodatno objasnile uspjeh u školi i vladanje. Rezultati ističu utjecaj pojedinih osobina ličnosti na opći uspjeh i vladanje u srednjoj školi u dvama mjerenjima.

The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of retrofitting an existing full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) based on a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology with the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. Wastewater characterisation showed highly variable influent composition that fluctuated throughout the year with a rather low and unstable SBOD/TP ratio (SBOD—soluble biological oxygen demand; TP—total phosphorus), which is considered unfavourable for EBPR. Characterisation of the sludge showed that the non-EBPR SBR sludge from the WWTP Koprivnica contained no detectable phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO), but could be transformed in a laboratory into EBPR performing sludge in less than 45 days under favourable conditions for PAOs. The microbial community composition was assessed using an FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis, which confirmed that the original sludge from the WWTP, which did not have detectable PAOs, was transformed into the sludge enriched by PAOs belonging to the genus ‘Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis’ after 43 days of cultivation. A plant retrofit, based on the results of laboratory experiments, was proposed with the enrichment of the wastewater with volatile fatty acids via primary anaerobic fermentation and step feeding. Results of mathematical modelling (BioWin) showed that such strategy could lead to sufficient P removal through EBPR in this WWTP.

Drinking alcoholic beverages is one of the oldest socially acceptable forms of behavior which can lead to the development of alcohol addiction. Long-term alcohol drinking has, together with numerous psychological and somatic complications, harmful consequences for the oral health. Patients suffering from alcoholism generally have poorer oral hygiene, dental care, periodontal status, fewer teeth, more carious lesions, gingival diseases, inter-dental papillae bleeding and deep gingival pockets associated with bone loss, as well as higher rate of oropharyngeal cancer. The changes in the oral microbiome affect the immune system, metabolism of carcinogens and digestion, which also leads to the development of local oral diseases as well as systemic gastrointestinal and cardiovascular illnesses. Harmful impact of alcohol on oral health can be direct, caused by local toxic effects of alcohol and as a consequence of systemic diseases associated with alcohol drinking, causing changes in the entire oral mucosa. Poor dietary habits additionally contribute to a poorer dental status while frequent simultaneous usage of tobacco products additionally increases the risk of developing periodontitis, tooth loss and oral carcinoma. Excessive alcohol drinking can seriously affect the oral cavity where, despite easy access via clinical examination, we still lack clinical data and a clear mechanism of development of the described changes.

Il presente manuale è frutto di un’attenta analisi da parte di esperti del settore sportivo a livello internazionale (Austria, Bosnia ed Erzegovina, Croazia, Lituania, Serbia, Spagna). Esso rappresenta il punto di partenza per una riflessione profonda riguardo tematiche quali violenza ed esclusione sociale, in contesti sportivi e scolastici. Il suo intento è quello di essere una guida pratica per tecnici ed operatori che si trovano quotidianamente a formare ed educare i ragazzi sulla gestione delle relazioni all’interno del gruppo (sportivo e non), sulla presenza di fenomeni frequenti (ad es., il pregiudizio) e di eventuali conflitti. Inoltre, il manuale fornisce conoscenze aggiuntive per gli studenti di scienze motorie e psicologia che si trovano a dover mettere a frutto gli insegnamenti appresi in ambito accademico. La struttura schematica ed intuitiva è pensata per una rapida consultazione ogniqualvolta ve ne sia la necessità, mentre i casi studio offrono la possibilità di riconoscere situazioni conflittuali ed ottenere suggerimenti su come risolverle.

OBJECTIVES: For the orthodontic treatment planning and successful orthodontic results with long term stability, it is mandatory to determine both chronological and dental age of the patient. The aim of this research was to compare chronological and dental age of patients with class II division 2 and class III malocclusions among Croatian children. METHODS: Subjects from Zagreb and Istria county were included in this research. The sample was derived from the records of orthodontic patients. The inclusion criteria were as follows: free from any systemic disease ; no dental anomalies (missing teeth, impaction, trans- position) ; no extractions of permanent teeth (third molars were not considered part of the dentition) ; no history of orthodontic treatment ; no history of trauma of teeth and face. According to the stage of dentition, the subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 included subjects with an early stage of mixed dentition, and group 2 included subjects with late stage of mixed dentition. The distribution of the subjects is shown in Table 1. The assessment of dental age was evaluated from panoramic radiographs by Demirjian’s method. RESULTS: In Group 1, there were no statistically significant differences found between chronological and dental age (r=0.118). In Group 2, results showed statistically significant correlation between chronological and dental age (r=0.580). Patients in this group were approximately the same chronological, as well as dental age. In terms of malocclusion, among patients with class II/2 in Group 1 there was no statistically significant correlation between chronological and dental age. On the contrary, in Group 2 correlation of these variables was statistically significant (r=0.457). Patients with class III, in Group 1 as well as in Group 2, showed statistically significant correlation of chronological and dental age (r=0.522 - Group 1, r=0.726 - Group 2). According to gender, results showed greater dental age compared to chronological age among male children with class II/2 malocclusion (Figure 1). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that children in the early stage of mixed dentition with class II/2 malocclusion showed no statistically significant correlation between chronological and dental age. Meanwhile, those patients with class II/2 in late stage of mixed dentition and those with class III in early, along with those in late stage of mixed dentition showed statistically significant correlation between chronological and dental age.

U današnjem snažno povezanom i uvezanom svijetu, kad se i stručni termini koji su inače donedavno bili rezervirani samo za uporabu u stručnim krugovima, koriste u javnom izričaju, je, više nego ikad do sad, važno razumjeti se. Često se događa da ista riječ, s drugačijim naglaskom i u drugačijem kontekstu može imati bitno različita značenja. Stoga je takve stručne prijevode potrebno prevesti na odgovarajući način uporabom znanja iz te struke, u konzultaciji s jezikoslovcima. U ovom broju časopisa National Security and the Future, donosimo prvi dio Leksikona izvještajnog nazivlja (nešto više od 120 definicija) kojeg je u većem dijelu autor prof. dr. Miroslav Tuđman. Na njemu je prof. Tuđman, s dužim pauzama, radio skoro 20 godina. U bazi podataka evidentirano je nešto više od 3000 pojmova povezanih s izvještajno-sigurnosnim djelovanjem. Bez obzira radi li se o djelovanju izvještajno-sigurnosnih agencija ili nadležnih policijskih tijela.

The motivation of patients in orthodontic treatment aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the patient motivation in the beginning and six months into orthodontic treatment with the fixed orthodontic appliance. METHODS: he sample comprised 91 patients (48 female), aged 8 to 17 (median age 13). Patients were recruited to participate in the questionnaire-based study at the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb. The questionnaires were given to patients at the beginning and 6 months into orthodontic treatment with the fixed orthodontic appliance. The questionnaire comprised 12 items, including demographic data and items about motivation assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the data did not follow a normal distribution (p

Delirij se prema DSM-V klasifikaciji dijagnosticira na temelju smetnji pažnje i svijesti uz prisutnost neke dodatne smetnje kognitivnog funkcioniranja koja nastaje tijekom kratkog vremenskog razdoblja. Delirij može nastati zbog intoksikacije psihoaktivnom tvari/lijekom, zatim zbog sindroma ustezanja od psihoaktivne tvari/lijeka ili zbog drugog zdravstvenog stanja, a smetnje koje ga karakteriziraju ne mogu se objasniti neurorazvojnim poremećajem koji je od ranije prisutan ili je u razvoju. Gama- hidroksibutirat (GHB) prirodna je tvar prisutna u središnjem živčanom sustavu i perifernim tkivima sisavaca. Sporedni je metabolit i prekursor inhibicijskog neurotransmitera gamaaminomaslačne kiseline (GABA) u metabolizmu glutaminske kiseline. Dobiven sintetskim putem, GHB je godinama korišten u medicinskim istraživanjima, kao i u kliničkoj praksi, sve do saznanja o izazivanju ovisnosti te brojnim nuspojavama koje su mu ograničile kliničku primjenu. Danas se zloupotrebljava zbog svojih euforičnih, sedativnih, anaboličkih i amnestičkih učinaka. U ovome je radu prikazan bolesnik koji je liječen na Odsjeku za intenzivno psihijatrijsko liječenje Klinike za psihijatriju KBC Sestre milosrdnice zbog delirija uzrokovanim gama-hidroksibutiratom. Bolesnik je pri dolasku u hitnu psihijatrijsku ambulantu bio vremenski i prostorno dezorijentiran, labilnog afekta, psihomotorno agitiran, inkoherentnog misaonog tijeka s persekutornim idejama u misaonom sadržaju. Na primjenu antipsihotika nije bilo terapijskog odgovora. Ubrzo je dobiven heteroanamnestički podatak o bolesnikovoj štetnoj uporabi GHB-a, a među njegovim su stvarima pronađeni i lijekovi za HIV infekciju. Somatskom je obradom isključena sistemna infekcija kao mogući uzrok stanja bolesnika. U terapiju su uvedene visoke doze benzodiazepina, uz baklofen. Nakon intenzivnog liječenja, u kojemu je primijenjeno ukupno 730 mg diazepama i 180 mg baklofena kroz deset dana, uz stalno praćenje psihofizičkog stanja bolesnika, došlo je do potpunog povlačenja simptoma kojima se bolesnik očitovao pri prijemu.

U suvremenom pomorskom prijevozu sve češće se odvija prijevoz opasnih tereta koji potencijalno može dovesti do značajnih onečišćenja ili opasnosti po ljudske živote i okoliš. Stoga je potrebno posebno pripremiti brodove za prijevoz opasnih tereta ovisno o vrsti tereta koji se prevozi, te ovisno o okolišnim i sigurnosnim propisima koji su određeni na nacionalnoj i međunarodnoj razini. Prijevoz opasnih tereta predstavlja oblik pomorskog prijevoza tereta koji je označen kao opasan za okolinu zbog svojih svojstava, specijaliziranim brodovima ili u posebno pripremljenim spremnicima na brodovima. Svojstva opasnih tereta predstavljaju opasnost za ljude ili brodove tijekom prijevoza. Pomorski prijevoz opasnih tereta u kontejnerima slijedi posebna pravila koja su precizno formulirana u IMDG kodeksu kao i u SOLAS konvenciji. Prijevoz opasnih tereta bez potrebne dokumentacije, specijalizirane opreme i obuke nezakonit je i kažnjiv te se takvom brodu ne dopušta ulazak u teritorijalne vode., In modern maritime transport, the transport of dangerous goods is increasingly taking place, which can potentially lead to significant pollution or danger to human lives and the environment. It is therefore necessary to provide special provision for ships carrying dangerous goods, depending on the type of goods being transported and the environmental and safety regulations laid down at national and international level. The transport of dangerous goods is the transport of material that is legally recognized as dangerous by various special means of transport, because the properties of cargo pose a danger to people or vessels during transport. Maritime transport of dangerous goods in containers follows special rules that are precisely formulated in the IMDG Code as well as the SOLAS Convention. The transport of dangerous goods must ensure safe and harmonized transport. The transport of dangerous goods without the necessary documentation, specialized equipment and training is illegal and punishable, and such a ship is not allowed to enter territorial waters.

Svrha rada: Željelo se ispitati kakav je utjecaj fiksne ortodontske terapije na konzumaciju hrane i održavanje oralne higijene kod adolescenata te njihova motiviranost za njezino održavanje. Materijali i metode: U tu je svrhu provedeno istraživanje u obliku anketnog upitnika od 23 pitanja, a sudjelovalo je 170 pacijenata adolescentne dobi od 11 do 19 godina koji su bili na terapiji fiksnim metalnim ortodontskim napravama u Klinici za ortodonciju Kliničkoga bolničkoga centra Zagreb. Rezultati: Istraživanje je pokazalo da ortodontska naprava ne smeta pacijentima u održavanju oralne higijene, ali im otežava konzumaciju određenih namirnica. Najveći broj adolescenata zube pere dva puta na dan i koristi se srednje mekanom četkicom (35 %). Od pomoćnih sredstava 72, 4 % ispitanika upotrebljava interdentalne četkice za zube, više od 50 % koristi se antiseptičkom vodicom za ispiranje usne šupljine. Zubnim koncem koristi se tek 31, 2 % ispitane populacije (od kojih samo 4, 1 % svakodnevno). Ispitanike su uglavnom na održavanje oralne higijene motivirali njihovi ortodonti (96, 5 %), ali samo mali dio ispitanika upućen je u važnost pravilne prehrane tijekom fiksne ortodontske terapije. Zaključak: Ortodonti svojim pacijentima trebaju davati detaljne upute o održavanju higijene te o pravilnoj prehrani za trajanja ortodontske terapije kako bi se minimalizirale negativne nuspojave fiksne ortodontske terapije. Pacijenti se trebaju motivirati tijekom svakoga kontrolnog pregleda te poticati da se u svakodnevnoj rutini koriste sa što više pomoćnih sredstava.

Knjiga Put u Dalmaciju opisuje povijest Dalmacije te brojne narode koji su vladali ovim područjima.

Optimiranje procesa obrade vode vrlo je zahtjevno istraživanje s obzirom na velik broj parametara koji utječu na kvalitetu vode i faze obrade sirove vode. U ovom radu ispitan je utjecaj tri ulazna parametra obrade sirove vode (doza predozoniranja, vrijeme i doza glavnog ozoniranja) na pet izlaznih parametara (bromati, otopljeni mangan, specifična ultraljubičasta apsorbancija, trihalometani i halooctene kiseline). Primjenjujući Box-Behnkenov dizajn pokusa kroz 17 eksperimenata ispitan je utjecaj koncentracije ozona u različitim kombinacijama ulaznih parametara procesa čime su smanjeni zahtjevnost i financijski troškovi istraživanja u odnosu na klasično istraživanje. Također su pomoću metode odzivne površine (engl. response surface methodology, RSM) dobivene jednadžbe modela predviđanja za sve izlazne varijable. RSM-om su također dobiveni grafički prikazi predviđanja nastanka bromata s obzirom na ulazne parametre uz optimalne uvjete ulaznih parametara za dvije zadane strategije željenih izlaznih vrijednosti.

U ožujku 2020., tri mjeseca nakon prvih zabilježenih slučajeva u kineskom gradu Wuhan, WHO je proglasio globalnu pandemiju novootkrivenog koronavirusa koji je do tada već zahvatio veliki broj država širom svijeta. U svrhu zaštite zdravlja zdravstvenih radnika i pacijenata, poduzete su aktivnosti i mjere za sprječavanje širenja bolesti COVID-19 u zdravstvenom sustavu, pri čemu se u psihijatriji kao jedan od izazova nametnulo osiguravanje kontinuiteta elektrokonvulzivne terapije (EKT-a) kod osoba s teškim i rezistentnim psihijatrijskim poremećajima. Takvi pacijenti su prioritetni i zahtijevaju neodgodivo liječenje u bolničkim uvjetima prilagođenim epidemiološkim okolnostima. Proučivši upute i preporuke nadležnih tijela te pregledom dostupne literature, u ovom radu se predstavljaju najvažnije mjere za neometano izvođenje EKT-a u uvjetima povezanima s bolesti COVID-19., In March 2020, three months after the first cases surfaced in the Chinese city of Wuhan, WHO declared a global pandemic of the novel coronavirus, which by than had already spread through a great number of countries all over the world. In order to protect the health of healthcare workers and patients, activities and measures of disease prevention have been taken; in such circumstances, psychiatry found itself faced with various challenges, one of them being the preservation of the continuity of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with severe or refractory psychiatric disorders. Such patients are a priority and demand immediate treatment in hospital settings adapted to epidemiological circumstances. Having studied the instructions and recommendations of the competent authorities, as well as reviewing available literature, this paper presents the most important measures for the smooth performance of ECT in conditions associated with the COVID-19 disease.

Prirodne mineralne i prirodne izvorske vode jesu vode iz podzemnih vodonosnika punjene u ambalažu, koje zadovoljavaju zahtjeve Pravilnika o prirodnim mineralnim, prirodnim izvorskim i stolnim vodama (NN 85/2019), a koji je usklađen s odgovarajućim direktivama EU. U zahtjevima prema prirodnim mineralnim i prirodnim izvorskim vodama postoji razlika koja proizlazi iz različitih EU direktiva koje ih propisuju. Obje vrste voda na izvoru moraju zadovoljiti propisane mikrobiološke kriterije, a sastav minerala koji im daje karakteristična svojstva ne smije se mijenjati. Međutim, prirodne mineralne i prirodne izvorske vode ipak je dozvoljeno obrađivati različitim postupcima u cilju uklanjanja nepoželjnih sastojaka. Priznavanje obje vrste voda i odobravanje tehnoloških postupaka obrade provodi nadležno Povjerenstvo Ministarstva poljoprivrede. U ovom radu opisani su dopušteni postupci obrade te analizirani razlozi za opravdanost njihove upotrebe.

Bromide in water can produce undesirable by- products such as bromate when treated by ozonation during drinking water production. The Croatian regulation (OG 125/17) sets the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of bromate in water at 10 µg/L, adopting the value from the World Health Organization recommendations and EU directives. According to Spearman rank correlation coefficients, bromate formation is significantly affected by ozone dose, ozonation time, bromide concentration and ammonium concentration. Despite the low bromide content (15 µg/L), water from Lake Butoniga has a high potential for bromate formation above the MCL with prolonged ozonation at higher doses (0.3 and 0.5 mg/L). Samples with ammonium addition had less than 7 µg/L bromate after 45 minutes, while no bromates were present at all at the 0.1 mg/L ozone dose. Since bromate is carcinogenic and difficult to remove later, the addition of ammonium is a successful method of reducing its formation.

Alkoholizam je društveno-medicinski problem i najčešća bolest ovisnosti s posljedicom narušavanja svih dimenzija funkcioniranja čovjekova života. Prekomjernim pijenjem alkohola dolazi do promjena u ponašanju i emocionalnom doživljavaju sebe i drugih ljudi jer alkohol mijenja funkcioniranje živčanog sustava (senzorna disfunkcija). Ovisnici o alkoholu imaju teškoće prepoznavanja i primjerenog izražavanja emocija unutar sebe kao i u odnosima s drugim ljudima, te su preosjetljivi u suočavanju sa svakodnevnim životnim zadacima. U radu su prikazani preliminarni podaci istraživanja u sklopu projekta „Dinamika alkoholizma i ovisnosti te relacijska obiteljska terapija“. Cilj rada je ispitati povezanost različitih aspekata neprimjerene regulacije emocija i životnog funkcioniranja (suočavanje sa svakodenvnim izazovima i samoprihavaćenje) s pijenjem alkohola. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 35 pacijenata koji su se liječili u Dnevnoj bolnici za alkoholizam, Klinike za psihijatriju, KBC Sestre milosrdnice u Zagrebu. Sudionici su ispunjavali Test identifikacije poremećaja uzimanja alkohola (AUDIT), Skalu teškoća u emocionalnoj regulaciji (DERS-SF) te Upitnik individualnih snaga (IPS). Rezultati pokazuju umjerenu pozitivnu povezanost između pijenja alkohola s 4 aspekta neprimjerene emocionalne regulacije: poteškoćama u kontroli impulsa, ograničenim pristupom korištenju strategija emocionalne regulacije, pomanjkanjem emocionalne jasnoće i poteškoćama u uključivanju ka cilju usmjerenom ponašanju. Nije pronađena statistički značajna povezanost između nedostatka emocionalne svjesnosti i pijenja. Dobiven je rezultat umjerene negativne povezanosti između pijenja i samoprihvaćanja te svakodnevnog životnog funkcioniranja. Rezultati se razmatraju u kontekstu važnosti kliničkog rada na emocionalnoj regulaciji pojedinca i članova obitelji u procesima liječenja ovisnosti o alkoholu.

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of altered incisor gingival position among dental specialists, dentists, dental students and laypeople. Materials and methods: Four digital smile photographs with altered gingival margin position of the right maxillary incisor (0, 1, 2 and 3 mm) were presented to a sample of 232 respondents (71.1% female ; 28.9% male): 42 dental specialists, 63 dentists, 33 dental students ( 1st to 3rd year), 38 dental students (4th to 6th year) and 56 laypeople. The questionnaire consisted of four randomly displayed photographs, administered via Google Form, and respondents were asked to rate the images on a scale from 1 to 5, from least attractive to the most attractive. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS v. 22.0 software (SPSS, Chicago, USA). According to Shapiro-Wilk's test, the data were not distributed normally. Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann-Whitney post hoc tests were used to compare esthetic scores among the groups. Results: Median values of esthetic scores decreased in all groups as the gingival asymmetries increased. The median score value of the photograph showing gingival symmetry was rated as 5 and images with 1 mm of altered gingival margin position of right maxillary central incisor were rated as 4. Moreover, 2 mm of gingival asymmetry was rated as 3, while 3 mm of asymmetry score was 2. Esthetic scores evaluated by lay people were significantly higher than compared to those evaluated by specialists. The difference was found for 2 mm of gingival asymmetry (p=0.002). Conclusion: This study showed the importance of the gingival symmetry of the upper maxillary incisors. The greater the asymmetry, the more negative was the perception of the smile scored by all raters in the study.

Primjena koncepta pametnih gradova osigurava značajan razvoj urbanih sredina. Inovativni pristup pri korištenju modernih tehnologija u svrhu unaprjeđenja infrastrukture, iskorištavanja prirodnih energetskih resursa te poboljšanja kvalitete života građana može se primijeniti i na manjim područjima poput sveučilišnih kampusa. Ovaj rad opisuje koncept pametnih sveučilišnih kampusa te se bavi primjenom tehnologije bespilotnih letjelica za potrebe njihova planiranja. Prikazan je cjelokupan tijek snimanja iz zraka kao i potrebne pripremne radnje te obrada prikupljenih snimaka. Opisan je proces izrade trodimenzionalne vizualizacije promatranog kampusa te mogućnosti analiza temeljenih na generiranom modelu. Provedena je i analiza solarnog potencijala područja kampusa u svrhu korištenja obnovljivih izvora energije.

The implementation of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the wastewater treatment has been continuously expanding. As an alternative to the conventional analytical methods for monitoring constituents in wastewater treatment processes, the use of NIR spectroscopy is considered cost-effective and less time- consuming. NIR spectroscopy does not in any way adulterate measured sample as no prior treatment is needed thus making it a waste-free technique. On the negative side, one must be very well acquainted with chemometric techniques to interpret results. In this study, filtered and centrifuged wastewater and sludge samples obtained from a lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) were analysed. Essential wastewater constituents were determined and compared, employing two analytical methods (conventional and NIR spectroscopy). Special attention was given to the soluble microbial products (SMP) and the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which are known to promote membrane fouling. The measured parameters through NIR spectroscopy were analysed and processed by partial least squares regression (PLSR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) models to assess whether the evaluated wastewater constituents could be monitored by NIR spectroscopy. Very good results were obtained with PLSR models except for the determination of SMP thus limiting the model for their monitoring to qualitative rather than quantitative. ANN exhibited a better performance in terms of correlating NIR spectra with all the measured parameters, resulting in correlation coefficients in most cases higher than 0.97 for training, test, and validation. Based on the results achieved by this research, the combination of NIR spectra and chemometric modelling offers advantages compared to conventional analytical methods.

Rad se bavi problemom odnosa fikcije i stvarnosti na primjeru postmodernističkih autofikcijskih romana od kojih su za primjer uzeti romani autorice Chris Kraus i Michela Houellebecqa. Osim književnih primjera, rad je teorijski potkovan teorijskim radovima Gerarda Genettea, Dorrit Cohn i Phillipea Lejeunea. Cilj je rada prikazati fenomen pojave autora u vlastitim fikcijskim djelima kao stvarne osobe te kako se to unutartekstualno pojavljivanje odnosi na izvantekstualnu zbilju.

Conventional diffused aeration systems (such as fine-bubble diffusers) exhibit a poor oxygen transfer in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), particularly when operating at sludge concentrations higher than 15 g L−1. The supersaturated dissolved oxygen (SDOX) system has been proposed as an alternative for supplying dissolved oxygen (DO) at high mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations. The advantages introduced by such technology include the possibility of operating WWTPs at much higher than usual MLSS concentrations, increasing the treatment capacity of WWTPs. Recent studies have demonstrated that the SDOX system has higher oxygen transfer rates (OTRs) and oxygen transfer efficiencies (OTEs) relative to fine-bubble diffusers. However, it is unknown if the high-pressure conditions introduced by SDOX may possibly impact the biological performance of WWTPs. In this study, the effects of SDOX technology on the biological performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) were evaluated. The MBR was operated at an MLSS concentration of approximately 15 g L−1 in four phases as follows: (P1) with bubble diffusers, (P2) with an SDOX unit, (P3) with the bubble diffusers, and (P4) with the SDOX unit. The performance of the MBR was assessed by monitoring the sludge concentration, as well as changes in the particle size distribution (PSD), sludge activity, organic matter removal and nitrification performance, and changes in the microbial community within the MBR. The operational conditions exerted by the SDOX technology did not affect the concentration of active biomass during the study period. The biological performance of the MBR was not affected by the introduction of the SDOX technology. Finally, the microbial community was relatively stable although some variations at the family and genus level were evident during each of the study phases. Therefore, the SDOX system can be proposed as an alternative technology for DO supply in WWTPs increasing the overall treatment capacity.

Aggression and violence among youth are researched as social phenomena in sport. This paper was designed to determine the occurrence of these behaviors as well as prosocial behaviors among young athletes. The current paper is a research report aiming to detect the frequency of aggressive behavior, social exclusion, prosocial behavior and cohesion in the youth environment, the frequency of personal experience of peer violence or social exclusion, and to evaluate cross-national differences in terms of occurrence of these phenomena.The field research was conducted in six European countries (Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Lithuania, and Serbia) on a sample of 482 children aged 6 to 16. The conducted questionnaire consisted of pre-existing scales and measures for specific behaviors and social aspects that formed the Youth Environment Assessment and Youth Characteristics Questionnaire. Previous personal experience of violence and social exclusion determined groups in the sample. One-way ANOVA and discriminant analysis were conducted to compare various variables and groups within the sample. The results have shown that aggressive and social exclusion behaviors are rare or very rare, predominantly in the form of verbal aggression in the sports club environment. The results of the conducted discriminant analysis indicate that prosocial and cohesion behaviors occur “quite often” to “often” among sports club athletes’ samples. The percentage of athletes who have had personal experience of violence or social exclusion in the last two years and whose feeling of hurt by that experience was assessed as “a lot” or “fully” on the measurement scale is estimated to be approximately 25 %. Mild cross-national differences emerged in the overmentioned variables, probably due to the sample specificity, or to cultural variety. The results indicate the need for longitudinal research on this topic since the sport is an environment in which cohesion can be developed among young athletes, but it is not free from social exclusion or aggression. Keywords: aggression; social exclusion; motivation; youth; sport.

The operation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) at higher than usual mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations may enhance the loading rate treatment capacity while minimizing even further the system's footprint. This requires operating the MBR at the highest possible MLSS concentration and biomass activity (e.g., at high loading rates and low solid retention times (SRTs)). Both a negative effect of the MLSS concentrations and a positive effect of the SRT on the oxygen transfer have been reported when using conventional fine bubble diffusers. However, most of the evaluations have been carried out either at extremely high SRTs or at low MLSS concentrations eventually underestimating the effects of the MLSS concentration on the oxygen transfer. This research evaluated the current limitations imposed by fine bubble diffusers in the context of the high-loaded MBR (HL-MBR) (i.e., high MLSS and short SRT-the latter emulated by concentrating municipal sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operated at a short SRT of approximately 5 days). The high MLSS concentrations and the short SRT of the original municipal sludge induced a large fraction of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) in the sludge, promoting a large amount of sludge flocs that eventually accumulated on the surface of the bubbles and reduced the free water content of the suspension. Moreover, the short SRTs at which the original municipal sludge was obtained eventually appear to have promoted the accumulation of surfactants in the sludge mixture. This combination exhibited a detrimental effect on the oxygen transfer. Fine bubble diffusers limit the maximum MLSS concentration for a HL-MBR at 30 g L-1 ; beyond that point is either not technically or not economically feasible to operate ; an optimum MLSS concentration of 20 g L-1 is suggested to maximize the treatment capacity while minimizing the system's footprint.

Croatian and international higher education institutions (HEIs) value university ranking lists as a method for evaluating the impact of higher education institutions. Different ranking lists utilize different calculation methods to position universities on a scale, thus giving said institutions lower or higher visibility in the academic environment. One of the criteria used to classify a particular university is the scientific output of its researchers. Data on research productivity are mainly collected from bibliographic and citation databases such as the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) and Scopus. The accuracy of collected data depends, among other things, on the institutional affiliations that the authors list in their papers. The aim of this paper is to show that the correct listing of institutional affiliations in scientific articles indexed in the WOSCC and Scopus databases affects the number of papers attributed to the institution in question. This paper analyses the variants of institution names that are listed as affiliations of two faculties of the University of Split. The results show that, due to different name variants entered as institutional affiliations when searching for affiliations by category, a certain number of papers cannot be attributed either to the University of Split or to a particular faculty. This may have also had an impact on some faculties' positions within the University, as well as on their placement on ranking lists. The focus is on the role of academic librarians as professionals who are familiar with the organization of scholarly databases, as well as their institutions' scholarly output. They are often able to resolve the issue of missing author affiliations and missing links between faculty and university affiliations. Furthermore, recognition of the librarians' efforts and achievements in supporting the faculties positioning within the university, and the universities positioning nationally could benefit the status and the visibility of academic librarians within their communities.

Opioidni analgetici su važna kategorija farmaceutskih spojeva čija raširena upotreba može rezultirati visokim koncentracijama u komunalnim otpadnim vodama. Budući da je konvencionalno pročišćavanje otpadnih voda za uklanjanje opioidnih analgetika neučinkovito, postoji opravdana zabrinutost da bi dugotrajnim ispuštanjem moglo doći do njihovog nagomilavanja u vodenom okolišu sa štetnim posljedicama za akvatičke organizme.1 Kako bi se ovaj problem ublažio, često je potrebno otpadne vode pročistiti dodatnim postupcima, pri čemu napredne oksidacijske metode zauzimaju istaknuto mjesto.2 Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati uspješnost uklanjanja dvaju istaknutih predstavnika opioidnih analgetika, tramadola i metadona, ozoniranjem. Eksperimenti ozoniranja provedeni su s tri različite matrice, uključujući čistu vodu, fosfatni pufer te sekundarni efluent porijeklom s Centralnog uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda grada Zagreba. Pri tom je sustavno istražena brzina uklanjanja opioida kao funkcija koncentracije ozona, pH vrijednosti te tipa matrice. Praćenje koncentracija tramadola i metadona, kao i identifikacija njihovih transformacijskih produkata nastalih tijekom eksperimenata, provedeno je tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti spregnutom sa spektrometrijom masa visoke rezolucije. Eksperimenti su pokazali da se postupkom ozoniranja pri koncentraciji ozona od 0, 05 do 0, 5 mg/L oba opioida u potpunosti uklanjaju u manje od 5 minuta, pod uvjetom da je pH medija za ozoniranje viši od 7. Uklanjanje odabranih opioida znatno je usporeno kod kiselih uvjeta (pH=5), što ukazuje na važnost deprotoniranja amino grupe za učinkovitu reakciju s ozonom. Uklanjanje promatranih spojeva u sekundarnom efluentu odvijalo se dvostruko sporije nego u matricama koje ne sadrže organsku tvar, što se može pripisati smanjenju koncentracije raspoloživog otopljenog ozona zbog interakcije s matricom sekundarnog efluenta. U vremenskom intervalu od 10 minuta koncentracija tramadola u sekundarnom efluentu smanjena je za 91, 1%, a za metadon 99, 1%. Uklanjanje roditeljskih spojeva bilo je povezano sa stvaranjem transformacijskih produkata. Na temelju točne mase i MS/MS eksperimenata utvrđeno je da je najzastupljeniji transformacijski produkt metadona bio EDDP, a tramadola tramadol N-oksid.

Bromidi prirodno prisutni u vodi mogu pri obradi vode za ljudsku potrošnju ozoniranjem dati neželjene nusproizvode, kao što su bromati. Budući da se u izvještajima monitoringa ispravnosti vode vodocrpilišta ne određuje koncentracija bromida u uzorku, trenutačno nema podataka prema kojima bi se procijenio potencijal za nastajanje neželjenih nusproizvoda pri obradi ozoniranjem. Ovaj rad donosi prikaz koncentracija bromida u vodocrpilištima Hrvatske podijeljenih na područja slivova i vodnih tijela. Provedenom statističkom analizom ovisnosti koncentracije bromida o koncentraciji klorida i o električnoj provodnosti za različita vodna tijela u radu su prikazani njihovi odnosi te razina korelacije kao potencijalni indikator koncentracije bromida. Jadranski sliv ima najveće koncentracije bromida, klorida i električnu provodnost, što se povezuje s blizinom morske vode i mogućnošću njezina prodiranja u podzemne vode te, kao takav, ima najveću opasnost od nastajanja neželjenih nusproizvoda. Vodno tijelo Istočna Slavonija – sliv Drave i Dunava također ima potencijalni rizik dok podsliv rijeke Save ima mjestimice blago povećanu koncentraciju bromida u vodi. Uočena je značajna korelacija između koncentracije bromida te koncentracije klorida i električne provodnosti.

Oxygen transfer in wastewater treatment is significantly influenced by the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). The effect is more pronounced at MLSS concentrations higher than 20 g L−1 when supplying air by conventional diffused aeration systems. The oxygen transfer performance of a supersaturated oxygenation technology (i.e., the supersaturated dissolved oxygen (SDOX) system) was evaluated in clean water and in activated sludge with MLSS concentrations from 4 to 40 g L−1 as a promising technology for uncapping such limitation. The evaluation was carried out at the laboratory facilities of the faculty of food technology and biotechnology at the University of Zagreb. The sludge was collected from a full-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operated at a solid retention time (SRT) of approximately 5 days. The evaluation was carried out using a laboratory-scale setup consisting of a bench-scale SDOX system (2.75 L) supplying pure oxygen to a 5 L biological reactor. The SDOX exhibited oxygen mass transfer rate coefficient (KLa) values (2.6 h−1) in clean water lower than for fine bubble diffusers (11 h−1). However, higher oxygen transfer rate (OTR) values and alpha factors (mass transfer ratio of process-water to clean-water) as a function of the MLSS concentration were observed. A standard oxygen transfer efficiency (SOTE) of approximately 100 % in clean water was reported. The SDOX technology can be presented as a promising alternative for supplying dissolved oxygen (DO) into mixed liquor solutions; particularly, at the high MLSS concentrations required by high-loaded membrane bioreactor (HL-MBR) systems and aerobic digesters.

U ovom su radu određivani fizikalno-kemijski pokazatelji kakvoće tekućica i stajaćica u Hrvatskoj mjerenjem pHvrijednosti, električne provodnosti, otopljenog kisika, sadržaja iona, hranjivih tvari (dušikovi spojevi, ukupni fosfor i fosfati), režima kisika (kemijska i biokemijska potrošnja kisika) i ukupnog organskog ugljika. Iz dobivenih je rezultata vidljivo da površinskim vodama panonske regije prijeti onečišćenje nitratima, amonijem i organskim tvarima, čije je podrijetlo najvjerojatnije iz neobrađenih otpadnih voda. Također, nekim površinskim vodama prijeti eutrofikacija jer su u dva uzorka prisutne koncentracije fosfora iznad 0, 35 mg P/L, a u dva su uzorka koncentracije nitrata veće od 2, 5 mg N/L. Analize su, također, pokazale da jedan od četiri testirana ribnjaka nije pogodan za uzgoj riba jer je koncentracija amonija bila veća od 0, 2 mg NH4 /L, a biokemijska potrošnja kisika veća od 5 mg O2/L.

Tema završnog rada je „Neverbalna komunikacija djece rane i predškolske dobi“. U radu je analizirana komunikacija, dječja neverbalna komunikacija i kako se neverbalna komunikacija koristi u igri. Kroz završni rad također se analiziraju elementi neverbalne komunikacije, te kako se odvija neverbalni razgovor djeteta i odgojitelja. Na kraju je provedeno praćenje neverbalne komunikacije u dječjem vrtiću. Riječi su okosnica komunikacije, ali one mogu predstavljati jedno, a govor tijela drugo. Govor tijela nam je od iznimne važnosti, jer na različite načine djeca izražavaju svoje želje, potrebe, zadovoljstvo ili nezadovoljstvo pri čemu često koriste neverbalne signale. U takvim trenucima se oslanjamo na čitanje govora tijela, jer neverbalno komuniciranje je najčešće nenamjerno i pokazuje prave osjećaje osobe s kojom komuniciramo, dok neverbalno komuniciranje kod predškolske djece je gotovo nesvjesno. Theme of the final paper is „Nonverbal communication among early and preschool age children“. The paper analyzes communication, children's non-verbal communication and how non-verbal communication is used in the game. Through final paper elements of non-verbal communication are also analyzed, and how non-verbal communication goes between the child and the educator. At the end non-verbal communication was monitored in the kindergarten. Words are the backbone of communication, but they can represent one thing and body language the other. Body language is very important because children can express their desires, needs, statisfaction or dissatisfaction on different ways often using non-verbal signals. In that moments we rely on body language reading, because non-verbal communication is often accidental and shows real feelings of preson we are communicating with, while non-verbal communication at preeshoolers is almost unconcious.