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Lassalle and Nekrasov discovered in the 1990s a surprising correspondence between the rational Calogero-Moser system with a harmonic term and its trigonometric version. We present a conceptual explanation of this correspondence using the rational Cherednik algebra and establish its quasi-invariant extension. More specifically, we consider configurations $\mathcal A$ of real hyperplanes with multiplicities admitting the rational Baker-Akhiezer function and use this to introduce a new class of non-symmetric polynomials, which we call $\mathcal A$-Hermite polynomials. These polynomials form a linear basis in the space of $\mathcal A$-quasi-invariants, which is an eigenbasis for the corresponding generalised rational Calogero-Moser operator with harmonic term. In the case of the Coxeter configuration of type $A_N$ this leads to a quasi-invariant version of the Lassalle-Nekrasov correspondence and its higher order analogues., 32 pages

The super-Jack polynomials, introduced by Kerov, Okounkov and Olshanski, are polynomials in $n+m$ variables, which reduce to the Jack polynomials when $n=0$ or $m=0$ and provide joint eigenfunctions of the quantum integrals of the trigonometric deformed Calogero-Moser-Sutherland system. We prove that the super-Jack polynomials are orthogonal with respect to a bilinear form of the form $(p,q)\mapsto (L_pq)(0)$, with $L_p$ quantum integrals of the rational deformed Calogero-Moser-Sutherland system. In addition, we provide a new proof of the Lassalle-Nekrasov correspondence between trigonometric and rational harmonic deformed Calogero-Moser-Sutherland systems and infer orthogonality of super-Hermite polynomials, which provide joint eigenfunctions of the latter system., Comment: 24 pages. In v2 some of the material has been somewhat reorganised and rewritten, an appendix on convergence of generalised hypergeometric series associated with super-Jack polynomials has been added and some corrections have been made

The super-Macdonald polynomials, introduced by Sergeev and Veselov, generalise the Macdonald polynomials to (arbitrary numbers of) two kinds of variables, and they are eigenfunctions of the deformed Macdonald-Ruijsenaars operators introduced by the same authors. We introduce a Hermitian form on the algebra spanned by the super-Macdonald polynomials, prove their orthogonality, compute their (quadratic) norms explicitly, and establish a corresponding Hilbert space interpretation of the super-Macdonald polynomials and deformed Macdonald-Ruijsenaars operators. This allows for a quantum mechanical interpretation of the models defined by the deformed Macdonald-Ruijsenaars operators. Motivated by recent results in the nonrelativistic ($q\to 1$) case, we propose that these models describe the particles and anti-particles of an underlying relativistic quantum field theory, thus providing a natural generalisation of the trigonometric Ruijsenaars model., 30 pages

Kajihara obtained in 2004 a remarkable transformation formula connecting multiple basic hypergeometric series associated with $A$-type root systems of different ranks. By multiple principle specialisations of his formula, we deduce kernel identities for deformed Macdonald-Ruijsenaars (MR) and Noumi-Sano (NS) operators. The deformed MR operators were introduced by Sergeev and Veselov in the first order case and by Feigin and Silantyev in the higher order cases. As applications of our kernel identities, we prove that all of these operators pairwise commute and are simultaneously diagonalised by the super-Macdonald polynomials. We also provide an explicit description of the algebra generated by the deformed MR and/or NS operators by a Harish-Chandra type isomorphism and show that the deformed MR (NS) operators can be viewed as restrictions of inverse limits of ordinary MR (NS) operators., Comment: 29 pages

We present four infinite families of mutually commuting difference operators which include the deformed elliptic Ruijsenaars operators. The trigonometric limit of this kind of operators was previously introduced by Feigin and Silantyev. They provide a quantum mechanical description of two kinds of relativistic quantum mechanical particles which can be identified with particles and anti-particles in an underlying quantum field theory. We give direct proofs of the commutativity of our operators and of some other fundamental properties such as kernel function identities. In particular, we give a rigorous proof of the quantum integrability of the deformed Ruijsenaars model., Comment: 29 pages

In the two preceding parts of this series of papers, we introduced and studied a recursion scheme for constructing joint eigenfunctions $J_N(a_+, a_-,b;x,y)$ of the Hamiltonians arising in the integrable $N$-particle systems of hyperbolic relativistic Calogero-Moser type. We focused on the first steps of the scheme in Part I, and on the cases $N=2$ and $N=3$ in Part II. In this paper, we determine the dominant asymptotics of a similarity transformed function $\rE_N(b;x,y)$ for $y_j-y_{j+1}\to\infty$, $j=1,\ldots, N-1$, and thereby confirm the long standing conjecture that the particles in the hyperbolic relativistic Calogero-Moser system exhibit soliton scattering. This result generalizes a main result in Part II to all particle numbers $N>3$., 21 pages

We prove orthogonality and compute explicitly the (quadratic) norms for super-Jack polynomials $SP_\lambda((z_1,\ldots,z_n),(w_1,\ldots,w_m);\theta)$ with respect to a natural positive semi-definite, but degenerate, Hermitian product $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle_{n,m}^\prime$. In case $m=0$ (or $n=0$), our product reduces to Macdonald's well-known inner product $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle_n^\prime$, and we recover his corresponding orthogonality results for the Jack polynomials $P_\lambda((z_1,\ldots,z_n);\theta)$. From our main results, we readily infer that the kernel of $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle_{n,m}^\prime$ is spanned by the super-Jack polynomials indexed by a partition $\lambda$ not containing the $m\times n$ rectangle $(m^n)$. As an application, we provide a Hilbert space interpretation of the deformed trigonometric Calogero-Moser-Sutherland operators of type $A(n-1,m-1)$., Comment: 19 pages, 1 figure

Recently, Feh\'er and Kluck discovered, at the level of classical mechanics, new compactified trigonometric Ruijsenaars-Schneider $n$-particle systems, with phase space symplectomorphic to the $(n-1)$-dimensional complex projective space. In this article, we quantize the so-called type (i) instances of these systems and explicitly solve the joint eigenvalue problem for the corresponding quantum Hamiltonians by generalising previous results of van Diejen and Vinet. Specifically, the quantum Hamiltonians are realized as discrete difference operators acting in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space of complex-valued functions supported on a uniform lattice over the classical configuration space, and their joint eigenfunctions are constructed in terms of discretized $A_{n-1}$ Macdonald polynomials with unitary parameters., Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures

We obtain symmetric joint eigenfunctions for the commuting PDOs associated to the hyperbolic Calogero-Moser N-particle system. The eigenfunctions are constructed via a recursion scheme, which leads to representations by multidimensional integrals whose integrands are elementary functions. We also tie in these eigenfunctions with the Heckman-Opdam hypergeometric function for the root system A_{N-1}., 29 pages. In v2 we have added three references and made some minor revisions and corrections

We study Lam\'e operators of the form $$L = -\frac{d^2}{dx^2} + m(m+1)\omega^2\wp(\omega x+z_0),$$ with $m\in\mathbb{N}$ and $\omega$ a half-period of $\wp(z)$. For rectangular period lattices, we can choose $\omega$ and $z_0$ such that the potential is real, periodic and regular. It is known after Ince that the spectrum of the corresponding Lam\'e operator has a band structure with not more than $m$ gaps. In the first part of the paper, we prove that the opened gaps are precisely the first $m$ ones. In the second part, we study the Lam\'e spectrum for a generic period lattice when the potential is complex-valued. We concentrate on the $m=1$ case, when the spectrum consists of two regular analytic arcs, one of which extends to infinity, and briefly discuss the $m=2$ case, paying particular attention to the rhombic lattices.

We present and develop a recursion scheme to construct joint eigenfunctions for the commuting analytic difference operators associated with the integrable N-particle systems of hyperbolic relativistic Calogero-Moser type. The scheme is based on kernel identities we obtained in previous work. In this first paper of a series we present the formal features of the scheme, show explicitly its arbitrary-N viability for the `free' cases, and supply the analytic tools to prove the joint eigenfunction properties in suitable holomorphy domains., 44 pages

In a previous paper we introduced and developed a recursive construction of joint eigenfunctions $J_N(a_+,a_-,b;x,y)$ for the Hamiltonians of the hyperbolic relativistic Calogero-Moser system with arbitrary particle number $N$. In this paper we focus on the cases $N=2$ and $N=3$, and establish a number of conjectured features of the corresponding joint eigenfunctions. More specifically, choosing $a_+,a_-$ positive, we prove that $J_2(b;x,y)$ and $J_3(b;x,y)$ extend to globally meromorphic functions that satisfy various invariance properties as well as a duality relation. We also obtain detailed information on the asymptotic behavior of similarity transformed functions E$_2(b;x,y)$ and E$_3(b;x,y)$. In particular, we determine the dominant asymptotics for $y_1-y_2\to\infty$ and $y_1-y_2,y_2-y_3\to\infty$, resp., from which the conjectured factorized scattering can be read off., 36 pages. In v2 we have revised section 3.3, made some minor corrections and added three references

In a recent paper we introduced a multivariable generalisation of the Bessel polynomials, depending on one extra parameter, and related to the so-called hyperbolic Sutherland model with external Morse potential. In this paper we obtain a corresponding multivariable generalisation of a well-known orthogonality relation for the (one-variable) Bessel polynomials due to Krall and Frink., references added, a few minor misprints corrected

Consider the Wronskians of the classical Hermite polynomials $$H_{\lambda, l}(x):=\mathrm{Wr}(H_l(x),H_{k_1}(x),\ldots, H_{k_n}(x)), \quad l \in \mathbb Z_{\geq 0},$$ where $k_i=\lambda_i+n-i, \,\, i=1,\dots, n$ and $\lambda=(\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_n)$ is a partition. G\'omez-Ullate et al showed that for a special class of partitions the corresponding polynomials are orthogonal and dense among all polynomials with certain inner product, but in contrast to the usual case have some degrees missing (so called exceptional orthogonal polynomials). We generalise their results to all partitions by considering complex contours of integration and non-positive Hermitian products. The corresponding polynomials are orthogonal and dense in a finite-codimensional subspace of $\mathbb C[x]$ satisfying certain quasi-invariance conditions. A Laurent version of exceptional orthogonal polynomials, related to monodromy-free trigonometric Schr\"odinger operators, is also presented., Comment: 18 pages

We consider the Schr\"odinger operator on the real line with an even quartic potential. Our main result is a product formula of the type $\psi_k(x)\psi_k(y) = \int_{\mathbb{R}} \psi_k(z)\mathcal{K}(x,y,z)dz$ for its eigenfunctions $\psi_k$. The kernel function $\mathcal{K}$ is given explicitly in terms of the Airy function $\mathrm{Ai}(x)$, and is positive for appropriate parameter values. As an application, we obtain a particular asymptotic expansion of the eigenfunctions $\psi_k$., Comment: 18 pages. In v2 we added five references, reorganised some of the material and made some minor revisions and corrections; and in v3 we added references to work by T. T. Truong, who obtained a product formula for quartic oscillator eigenfunctions already in 1974

We consider the relativistic generalization of the quantum $A_{N-1}$ Calogero-Sutherland models due to Ruijsenaars, comprising the rational, hyperbolic, trigonometric and elliptic cases. For each of these cases, we find an exact common eigenfunction for a generalization of Ruijsenaars analytic difference operators that gives, as special cases, many different kernel functions; in particular, we find kernel functions for Chalykh- Feigin-Veselov-Sergeev-type deformations of such difference operators which generalize known kernel functions for the Ruijsenaars models. We also discuss possible applications of our results., Comment: 24 pages

For the rational Baker-Akhiezer functions associated with special arrangements of hyperplanes with multiplicities we establish an integral identity, which may be viewed as a generalisation of the self-duality property of the usual Gaussian function with respect to the Fourier transformation. We show that the value of properly normalised Baker-Akhiezer function at the origin can be given by an integral of Macdonald-Mehta type and explicitly compute these integrals for all known Baker-Akhiezer arrangements. We use the Dotsenko-Fateev integrals to extend this calculation to all deformed root systems, related to the non-exceptional basic classical Lie superalgebras., Comment: 26 pages; slightly revised version with minor corrections

A multivariable generalisation of the Bessel polynomials is introduced and studied. In particular, we deduce their series expansion in Jack polynomials, a limit transition from multivariable Jacobi polynomials, a sequence of algebraically independent eigenoperators, Pieri type recurrence relations, and certain orthogonality properties. We also show that these multivariable Bessel polynomials provide a (finite) set of eigenfunctions of the hyperbolic Sutherland model with external Morse potential., Comment: a few minor misprints corrected

We review a recent construction of an explicit analytic series representation for symmetric polynomials which up to a groundstate factor are eigenfunctions of Calogero-Sutherland type models. We also indicate a generalisation of this result to polynomials which give the eigenfunctions of so-called 'deformed' Calogero-Sutherland type models., This is a contribution to the Proc. of workshop on Geometric Aspects of Integrable Systems (July 17-19, 2006; Coimbra, Portugal), published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/

We consider the quantum Calogero model, which describes N non-distinguishable quantum particles on the real line confined by a harmonic oscillator potential and interacting via two-body interactions proportional to the inverse square of the inter-particle distance. We elaborate a novel solution algorithm which allows us to obtain fully explicit formulas for its eigenfunctions, for arbitrary coupling parameter and particle number. We also show that our method applies, with minor changes, to all Calogero models associated with classical root systems.

As is well-known, there exists a four parameter family of local interactions in 1D. We interpret these parameters as coupling constants of delta-type interactions which include different kinds of momentum dependent terms, and we determine all cases leading to many-body systems of distinguishable particles which are exactly solvable by the coordinate Bethe Ansatz. We find two such families of systems, one with two independent coupling constants deforming the well-known delta interaction model to non-identical particles, and the other with a particular one-parameter combination of the delta- and (so-called) delta-prime interaction. We also find that the model of non-identical particles gives rise to a somewhat unusual solution of the Yang-Baxter relations. For the other model we write down explicit formulas for all eigenfunctions., Comment: 23 pages v2: references added

We obtain kernel functions associated with the quantum relativistic Toda systems, both for the periodic version and for the nonperiodic version with its dual. This involves taking limits of previously known results concerning kernel functions for the elliptic and hyperbolic relativistic Calogero-Moser systems. We show that the special kernel functions at issue admit a limit that yields generating functions of B\"acklund transformations for the classical relativistic Calogero-Moser and Toda systems. We also obtain the nonrelativistic counterparts of our results, which tie in with previous results in the literature., Comment: 76 pages

We consider two particular 1D quantum many-body systems with local interactions related to the root system $C_N$. Both models describe identical particles moving on the half-line with non-trivial boundary conditions at the origin, and they are in many ways complementary to each other. We discuss the Bethe Ansatz solution for the first model where the interaction potentials are delta-functions, and we find that this provides an exact solution not only in the boson case but even for the generalized model where the particles are distinguishable. In the second model the particles have particular momentum dependent interactions, and we find that it is non-trivial and exactly solvable by Bethe Ansatz only in case the particles are fermions. This latter model has a natural physical interpretation as the non-relativistic limit of the massive Thirring model on the half-line. We establish a duality relation between the bosonic delta-interaction model and the fermionic model with local momentum dependent interactions. We also elaborate on the physical interpretation of these models. In our discussion the Yang-Baxter relations and the Reflection equation play a central role.

The conical function and its relativistic generalization can be viewed as eigenfunctions of the reduced 2-particle Hamiltonians of the hyperbolic Calogero-Moser system and its relativistic generalization. We prove new product formulas for these functions. As a consequence, we arrive at explicit diagonalizations of integral operators that commute with the 2-particle Hamiltonians and reduced versions thereof. The kernels of the integral operators are expressed as integrals over products of the eigenfunctions and explicit weight functions. The nonrelativistic limits are controlled by invoking novel uniform limit estimates for the hyperbolic gamma function., Comment: 39 pages. In v2 we have added two references and made some minor revisions and corrections