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Multiculturalism in foreign language teaching (FLT) has been an increasingly relevant topic in the field of language education. The aim of this research is to investigate the benefits of multiculturalism in FLT and to provide practical guidelines and resources for educators on how to effectively integrate cultural aspects into language teaching and learning. This research addresses five objectives that aim to fill the gaps in research and provide practical recommendations for educators. The first objective is to review the existing literature on multiculturalism in FLT and its benefits for language proficiency, intercultural competence, and cognitive and social development. The literature review will explore the theoretical frameworks and empirical studies that support the positive impact of multiculturalism on FLT, and the benefits for learners of different ages and proficiency levels. The second objective is to identify the challenges and gaps in research on how to effectively integrate cultural aspects into language teaching and learning in different contexts and for learners of different ages and proficiency levels. This objective will provide insight into the challenges that educators face in integrating cultural aspects into FLT and identify the gaps in research that need to be addressed. The third objective is to develop practical guidelines and resources for educators on how to integrate cultural aspects into language teaching and learning, taking into accounts the specific needs and contexts of different learners. The guidelines and resources will be developed based on the findings from the literature review and the identified challenges and gaps in research. The fourth objective is to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed guidelines and resources in promoting effective intercultural education and multilingualism in FLT. The investigation will involve implementing the guidelines and resources in different FLT contexts and assessing their effectiveness in promoting intercultural education and multilingualism. The final objective is to assess the long-term effects of multiculturalism in FLT on learners’ attitudes and behaviors towards cultural diversity, and to identify best practices for promoting cultural awareness and respect in language education. The assessment will involve tracking the attitudes and behaviors of learners over an extended period to identify the long-term impact of multiculturalism in FLT. The research findings and practical recommendations will contribute to the development of effective intercultural education and multilingualism in FLT, by addressing the gaps and challenges in research on multiculturalism in language education and providing practical guidelines and resources for educators. The research outcomes will be useful to language educators, policymakers, and researchers interested in promoting cultural awareness and respect in FLT., Виховання мультикультурності паралельно з навчанням іноземним мовам у сучасному освітньому середовищі стає все більш актуальною темою у галузі мовної освіти. Метою цього дослідження є вивчення переваг виховання мультикультурності у навчанні іноземних мов, як власне дослідження явища багатокультурності, та за результатами дослідження надання практичних рекомендацій та ресурсів для сучасних педагогів-філологів щодо ефективної інтеграції культурних аспектів у процес вивчення мови. Дослідження вирішує п’ять основних завдань, які мають на меті заповнити прогалини у наявних підходах до викладання іноземних мов у середній і вищій школах, а також надати практичні рекомендації для педагогів, у який спосіб навчання іноземним мовам може стати ефективнішим і новітнішим.

Interculturalism is a way to deal with the cultural difference, which is a growing issue today and often manipulated in politics. In recent years, the populism (along with sovranism, nationalism, and authoritarism) has been the true enemy of the intercultural discourse, widening intolerance and racism in both social interactions, media communication, and urban contexts. The article aims at analyzing the fundamentals of Interculturalism and their apparent discrepancy with populism, providing reflexivity as a remedy to the current loss of sense of the intercultural discourse which sometimes became functional to the institutional racism. Firstly, the article recalls the basic values to understand the different nuances of interculturalism; secondly, it argues that leaving the “passion for interculturalism” up to the practicalities disempowers the intercultural discourse within the ambivalence of the field level. The authors argue about the need to focus also on the intermediate level in which embedding a rigorous discourse, inspired by the “reflexivity” critique. This is applied to the policy making in some crucial social and educational fields. The social planner is meant to use clear “middle ray concepts” and to distinguish the intercultural solutions from the populistic ones, on the basis of 4 antinomies: simplicity vs. complexity; rapidity vs. duration; conflict vs. conciliation; self-centered self vs. decentered self.

Grounded in an experiential understanding of architecture, this research explores ways in which architectural history can help bring works or ideas more vividly to the present. We propose here an embodied visit to Aldo and Hannie van Eyck’s house in Loenen aan de Vecht. In the house, layers of temporality, materiality, everyday living, and lived experience mingle with design solutions and worldviews affecting them. By immersing into the materiality of the Van Eycks’ home, the paper offers a lively, intensive, and qualitative understanding of the design and its connections with the architect’s contributions to post-war architectural discourses. The experiential account uses a mix of archival, ethnographic, and performative techniques, a proposed method that adds a necessary degree of complexity to architectural history. The method enacts a new form of knowledge where our bodies inform the findings, from materiality to meaning, and connects to new architectural history approaches, namely Architectural Anthropology and Performative Design Research. With all these elements, we are proposing a rich, empirical account of the project by means of three re-enactments of the Van Eycks’ homelife: a visit to the attic, table talk under the skylight, and a lively lunch in the garden. The account offers deep insights into how architectural ideas take material form, showing that specific ways of understanding history, time, or space, are indeed embodied within our built environment and that they can only be disentangled, with the help of our bodies, by performing actions within, in and around buildings.

The purpose of the article is to fi nd out the main principles that unite stratigraphy and ethnology. Oykonymy is universal ethno-historical fact. It is interpreted as a peculiar phenomenon of culture. Oykonymy is an important link of traditional culture in the modern multicultural Ukrainian space. That is why it can be considered in both anthropological and ethno-historical aspect. The article analyzes main aspects of using of stratigraphy of archaic oykonyms for ethnological studies. It is found out main principles that unite stratigraphy and ethnology. Oykonymic stratigraphy is tight connected with oykonymic landscape – a complex linguistic-historical multicomponent system that is the part of anthropogenic space combining stratigraphy of oykonymy and the history of development of ethnic group. Archaic oykonymy of Ukraine has pronounced spatial-temporal dimension and shows us information about the Slavic, in particular Ukrainian, model of the world. Extralinguistic and intralinguistic factors affect the qualitative and quantitative parameters of both oykonymyc and ethnic landscapes. Stratigraphy of archaic place names is represented on a chart which focuses on the consideration of the material in three aspects: areal, chronological and statistical. Thus the article analyzes specifi c examples of confi guration of areas of geographic names ending in *-any/*-jany and *-itji (Charts 1, 2), which are connected with patrimonial and collective structure of society. It is found out that location of objects of geographic names ending in *-any/*-jany and *-itji (Charts 1, 2) in the earliest period (before XIV century) mainly coincides with the area of Upper and Middle Podnisterya, Volyn and Kyiv-Chernihiv centers. These territories were convenient for living (developed water supply system, fertile soils, natural protection from enemies, etc.) and, as archeological evidence shows, fi rst of all populated by Slavs. The article demonstrates that areal onomastic has great possibilities for using its data for development of ethnology. Diachronic and synchronic areas of onyms of all types in one way or another can confi rm or deny ethnographic principles, conclusions etc.

As most studies focus on the outcomes of multiculturalism, assimilation and colourblindness (MAC) for students, little is known about why schools vary in the diversity approaches that they adopt and the role of the teacher in this process. This study explores how teachers implement MAC diversity approaches and what drives them in doing so. Based on a cluster analysis of 38 schools, three extreme cases were selected that either valued (multiculturalism), rejected (assimilation) or ignored (colourblindness) ethnic diversity. In these schools observations and in-depth interviews were conducted with 39 teachers, 23 students and 3 headteachers. Our results indicate that teachers varied in their implementation of MAC diversity approaches according to four diversity domains: 1) multilingualism, 2) religious diversity, 3) ethnic discrimination and 4) diversity curriculum. Teachers' beliefs and attitudes (individual-level) and their preconditions for teaching (micro-level) appeared as the most important motivators for adopting a particular diversity approach.

本稿はまず，なぜこれまで長きにわたり移民や難民が欧州を移住先に選んだのかを歴史と政策の観点から辿りつつ，その要因を明らかにしている。 さらに2015年は難民危機のピークを迎え，EUによる共通の移民政策は機能不全に陥っているとして批判の的となった。そしてその時以来「共和国的移民統合モデル」を誇示し続けてきたフランスも，多文化主義を選択してきたイギリスやオランダもそのモデルが立ち行かなくなっていることが明らかになっており，すべてのヨーロッパの国々は移民の受け入れに関して限界を訴えている。さらに難民申請者やイスラム系移民による同時多発テロが起き，各国の安全保障を脅かす事例は，いっそう排外主義と自国第一主義を加速させた。結果として，移民や難民を「国益を害する者」と位置付ける機運が高まってきた。 そこで本稿は，なぜ今日，欧州におけるいずれの国もが移民や難民の受け入れに関する従来のモデルが行き詰まり，排外主義へと舵をきっているのかを明らかにすることを目的としている。

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the “newcomers” and their children, whose presence has been increasing since the 2000s, and to clarify how they are positioned in Taiwanese society through policy and textbook descriptions. The results of the analysis of the “Civics and Social Studies” textbooks, which are considered to reflect the most “multicultural” education in Taiwan, showed that the “newcomers” are positioned as one of the ethnic groups and that it is important to understand the different cultures of the “newcomers” and other ethnic groups to respect multiculturalism. However, the textbooks also stated that the “newcomers” were a group of ethnic groups. On the other hand, the textbooks do not mention specific images of “newcomers,” and portray biased images of “newcomers” in other parts of the text (pictures and columns), which may indicate a risk of discrepancy with reality. In addition, while the textbooks depict the “newcomers” as a symbol of Taiwan’s “pluralistic culture,” the focus is on how to guarantee the rights of the “newcomers” and other socially vulnerable groups, rather than on how to include the “newcomers” as a social minority and create a “community” for Taiwan as a whole. The focus is on how to guarantee the rights of the“ newcomers” and other socially vulnerable groups, rather than on how to imagine a single “community” that is inclusive of all Taiwanese “newcomers”. Such descriptions may lead students to perceive“ newcomers” as“ those who need to be taken into consideration” and may inculcate false stereotypes.

Israel comprises diverse groups (mostly Jewish), between whom the differences are sometimes greater than the similarities. This frequently leads to social exclusion and discrimination that damages the very basic sense of human security. Scholars agree that cultural misrecognition or exclusion has a deeply negative impact on a person’s mental well-being and sense of security. In this paper, we show how the case of the Ethiopian community in Israel reinforces the understanding that a cultural group’s experiences of exclusion and non-belonging undermine its members’ sense of personal security and has detrimental effects on their well-being. Groups however can sometimes change the course of development. We show that 40 years after the first wave of immigration (Operation Moshe), the Ethiopian community in Israel has chosen a track of change, in which it slowly moves from exclusion to leadership. This idea calls for further study.

[Abstract] In these days of globalization and diversification, the number of foreign residents with different ethnicities, languages, and cultures, as well as children with foreign roots, has been increasing. Accordingly, "multiculturalism" has been called for for some time now even in Japan, often described as a "mono-ethnic" and "closed" country, and this is also true in the field of childcare and early childhood education. In light of the importance placed on the development of "human relationships" in early childhood as a preliminary stage to the development of "ikiru chikara (zest for living)" in elementary school and beyond, it would be meaningful to review the current situation in Japan surrounding the increasing number of "children with foreign roots," including related challenges and prospects. For this reason, this paper outlines the demographic dynamics related to "children with foreign roots" and ongoing trends in multiculturalism and multicultural childcare in Japan, and it also examines actual efforts by daycares and municipalities, mainly from the perspective of the development of "human relationships" from infancy onward in an individual. Future issues and prospects will also be discussed., 著者主要担当科目：教育原理

The values of a society constitute its culture; they are all the building blocks that can be transferred, renewed, and come from the past to the present. Turkey is a culturally rich and diverse country. In today’s world, the concept of cultural intelligence, which is necessary for people to adapt in different and multicultural environments, is substantial. In this context, it is extremely important for music teachers to adapt to multicultural environments for their work. The purpose of this study is to investigate pre-service music teachers’ cultural intelligence and determine if it differs from individual to individual dependent on some variables. A Descriptive analysis, Independent Group t-test, One-Way Analysis of Variance, Kruskal Wallis-H Test and a Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used. In this study, which was carried out with quantitative research, with 278 participants who were studying in seven regions of Turkey in the 2020-2021 academic year. It has been determined that the cultural intelligence levels are at a good level and the relations between them are positive. Cultural intelligence levels of participants do not differ significantly by the gender, age, university or parent’s education status; solely, it was found statistically significant that metacognition and cognition sub-dimensions vary as the result of someone in the family being involved in music. As a result, it was seen that the cultural intelligence levels of the pre-service music teachers were good and generally did not differ according to demographic variables. The novelty of this study is that the framework has identified pre-service music teachers’ cultural intelligence levels in Turkey. Furthermore, this study can be a point of reference to stakeholders and researchers on this music education axis. The findings of this study also serve to avert the education sector to the issues related to the implementations of teacher education in higher institutions. La cultura se conforma a partir de todos los valores de una sociedad; son los bloques de construcción que pueden transferirse, renovarse y trasladarse del pasado al presente. Turquía es un país complejo, rico y cultu-ralmente diverso. En el mundo actual el concepto de inteligencia cultural, es necesario para que las personas se adapten a entornos diferentes y multiculturales, es esencial. En este contexto, es de suma importancia que los profesores de música lo adapten en entornos multiculturales para que su trabajo sea más eficiente. El propósito de este estudio es investigar la inteligencia cultural de los futuros profesores de música y determinar si difiere o no a partir de algunas variables propuestas. Se utilizaron análisis descriptivos, prueba t de grupo independiente, análisis de varianza de una vía, prueba Kruskal Wallis-H, coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. En este análisis, que se llevó a cabo desde una investigación cuantitativa, con 278 participantes que estudiaban en siete regiones diferentes de Turquía en el año académico 2020-2021. Se ha determinado que los niveles de inteligencia cultural se encuentran en un nivel adecuado y que las relaciones entre ellos son positivas. Los niveles de inteligencia cultural de los participantes no difieren significativamente según el género, la edad, la universidad o el nivel educativo de los padres. Sólo se encontró, como hallazgo estadísticamente significativo, los casos en que en la familia había alguien involucrado con la música en las subdimensiones de metacognición y cognición. Como resultado se observó que los niveles de inteligencia cultural de los futuros profesores de música eran óptimos y, en general, no diferían de acuerdo a las variables demográficas. La novedad del presente estudio es que ha iden-tificado los niveles de inteligencia cultural de los futuros profesores de música en Turquía. Además, este estudio puede ser un punto de referencia para los actores e investigadores en esta esfera de la educación musical. Los hallazgos de este estudio sirven también para prever el sector de la educación sobre los problemas relacionados con las directrices de las instituciones superiores de formación de docentes. A cultura constitui todos os valores de uma sociedade; são todos os blocos de construção que podem ser transferidos, renovados e vir do passado para o presente. A Turquia é um país diversificado, rico e cultu ralmente diverso. No mundo de hoje, o conceito de inteligência cultural, necessário para que as pessoas se adaptem em ambientes diferentes e multiculturais, é substancial. Nesse contexto, é de extrema importância que os professores de música o adaptem em ambientes multiculturais para seu trabalho eficiente. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a inteligência cultural de professores de música em formação e determiná-la por algumas variáveis se diferem ou não. Utilizou-se análise descritiva, teste t de grupo independente, análise de variância unidirecional, teste Kruskal Wallis-H, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Neste estudo, que foi realizado com pesquisa quantitativa, com 278 participantes que estudavam em sete regiões diferentes da Turquia no ano acadêmico de 2020-2021. Foi determinado que os níveis de inteligência cultural estão em um bom nível e as relações entre eles são positivas. Os níveis de inteligência cultural dos participantes não diferem significativamente por sexo, idade, universidade ou status educacional dos pais. Apenas foi encontrado esta tisticamente significativo se havia alguém envolvido com música na família nas subdimensões metacognição e cognição. Como resultado, verificou-se que os níveis de inteligência cultural dos professores de música em formação eram bons e geralmente não diferiram de acordo com as variáveis demográficas. A novidade deste estudo é que a estrutura identificou os níveis de inteligência cultural do professor de música na Turquia. Além disso, este estudo pode ser um ponto de referência para interessados e pesquisadores neste eixo de educação musical. Os resultados deste estudo também servem para antecipar o setor de educação sobre as questões relacionadas às implementações de instituições superiores de formação de professores.

Building a competitive advantage in the hotel industry today requires the kind of leadership that is open to multiculturalism of both customers and employees. The main goal of the article is to analyze the role and importance of multiculturalism in contemporary leadership and to define the responsibility of leaders in managing employees in a multicultural environment, in the context of 21st century hotel management. The authors prove that the challenges related to multiculturalism (of employees and clients) are very large, while leadership in the conditions of multiculturalism requires special qualities and skills of leaders. In the first part of the article, the authors explain the concept of multiculturalism and the importance of multiculturalism in managing human resources. The next part describes leadership in a multicultural environment. Then, solutions for managing people in modern hotels are presented. Next, the 21st century hotel is presented as a multicultural environment. The last part describes cultural diversity as a challenge for leadership in the context of the hotel industry., Budowanie przewagi konkurencyjnej w branży hotelarskiej wymaga dziś przywództwa otwartego na wielokulturowość, zarówno klientów, jak i pracowników. Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza roli i znaczenia wielokulturowości we współczesnym przywództwie oraz określenie odpowiedzialności liderów w zarządzaniu pracownikami w środowisku wielokulturowym, w kontekście zarządzania hotelem w XXI w. Autorzy artykułu udowadniają, że wyzwania związane z wielokulturowością (chodzi zarówno o pracowników, jak i klientów) są bardzo duże, a przywództwo w warunkach wielokulturowości wymaga szczególnych cech i umiejętności liderów. W pierwszej części artykułu autorzy wyjaśniają pojęcie wielokulturowości oraz znaczenie wielokulturowości w zarządzaniu zasobami ludzkimi. W kolejnej części opisano przywództwo w środowisku wielokulturowym. Następnie przedstawiono rozwiązania w zarządzaniu ludźmi we współczesnych hotelach. Hotel został zaprezentowany w XXI w. jako środowisko wielokulturowe, mając na uwadze pracowników i klientów. W ostatniej części opisano różnorodność kulturową jako wyzwanie dla przywództwa w kontekście branży hotelarskiej.

Je rêve d’un État où le loup et l’agneau boiraient ensemble, en toute quiétude, l’eau du même ruisseau.Amin Maalouf (1988) Dans un pays situé au croisement de plusieurs cultures et frappé actuellement par de multiples crises – sociopolitique, économique et sanitaire –, le système scolaire libanais, constitué d’un secteur public affaibli et d’un secteur privé qui a longtemps été sa fierté, est mis à rude épreuve depuis les manifestations d’octobre 2019. La tension entre les diverses communauté...

Abstract. This study compared attitudes toward multiculturalism and assimilationism among three ethnic groups (Serbs, Croats, and Hungarians) in two neighboring countries (Croatia and Serbia). Additionally, this study examined the predictive role of ethnic identity on aforementioned attitudes directly and indirectly via symbolic threat. The results showed that Croats and Serbs had less positive multicultural and more positive assimilationist attitudes when in a majority position than when in a minority position. Hungarians, a minority in both countries, did not differ between countries. Additionally, symbolic threat mediated the relationship between ethnic identification and both assimilation and multiculturalism only in Croatia. The group status moderated these effects. Our findings confirm the importance of group's status and national context in understanding the majority–minority intergroup dynamic.

We live in an age of massive global disruption. Technological advancements threaten century-old business models, globalization is reordering supply chains, and people need to work with colleagues and customers who have vastly different backgrounds. On top of that, we have been in the midst of a global pandemic, and customers, employers, and investors are demanding more than just a Black Lives Matter social media post from organizations that purport to take social justice seriously. Organizations with high cultural intelligence (CQ) are able to navigate this volatility and complexity effectively. Over the last two decades, scholars from across the world have published hundreds of articles on CQ, the capability to relate and work effectively in complex, culturally diverse situations. Most of the work has examined CQ at the individual level. But what about organizations? Can organizations be culturally intelligent? The emerging research on CQ at the organizational level offers leaders and organizations critical insights for navigating today's diverse, digital world. Organizational CQ is a firm's capability to function effectively in a complex and unpredictable multicultural world. This article stresses the importance of the culturally intelligent organization and explains how to develop organizational CQ.

Dramatik Josip Tavčar razvija svoje slovenstvo v skladu z večkulturnostjo lastne identitete in se uveljavi med povojnimi tržaškimi besednimi ustvarjalci ob Borisu Pahorju in Alojzu Rebuli. Po uspehu svoje prve slovenske drame Prihodnjo nedeljo (1957) razgrne v drugem delu Pekel je vendar pekel (1959) odnos do sodobnega sveta in potrošniške družbe. Tavčarjevo opozarjanje na probleme zahodne civilizacije in na drsenje v brezizhodno situacijo reflektira njegovo samobitnost oziroma odgovorno bivanje v lastnem času in prostoru. Josip Tavčar, a playwright who developed his Slovene consciousness in accordance with his multicultural identity made his mark among the post-war writers of Trieste, along with Boris Pahor and Alojz Rebula. After the successof his first Slovene drama Next Sunday (1957) he used his second work Hell is After All Hell (1959) to unfold his relationship to the modern world and the consumer society. In pointing out the problems of Western civilisation and the steady decline into a hopeless situation, Josip Tavčar reflected his personal authenticity or the responsibility of living in his own time and place.

For a long period of time, Islam and Islamic law were extremely uncommon phenomena on the territory of Europe. Gradually, both – Islam and Islamic law begin to appear in the European legal space as a result of globalization processes at the end of the 20th century, which lead to mass migrations of the Muslim population to the territory of modern Europe. Undoubtedly, the processes of migration entail a change in the cultural, social, ethnic and legal paradigm on the territory of certain European states. Because of these changes, among the European legal space, appears a problem of the coexistence of two legal systems - Islamic and European, therefore the exploration of this topic is extremely relevant, since the problem remains unsolved. An effective mechanism for exploration will be the analysis of judicial practice of the courts in certain European states, as well as judicial practice of the international courts, as the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of the European Union. The research of judicial practice will help to create a general picture of the legal status of Islamic law in the territory of modern Europe. In addition, the article contains the analysis of various concepts of the interaction of two legal systems on the territory of European states, in particular the concepts of adaptation, multiculturalism, and etc. This article also focuses on the fact of the controversial views of European states on methods for solving the problem of the interaction of two completely different legal systems - some states choose the way of adapting the norms of Islamic law to the norms and principles of European law, while others, try to create separate areas within which the Islamic law may regulate different relations. The last method, in fact, allows the action of two legal systems, but at the same time such method causes a number of conflicts in the regulation of certain social relations. To sum up, the article outlines some problematic aspects of the existing concepts which offer different solutions to the interaction problem of two legal systems. The article also mentions the need for further researching an effective way to solve the existing problem and offers own opinion about the possible solutions., Протягом довгого періоду часу іслам в цілому, та ісламське право зокрема були явищами вкрай непоширеними на теренах Європи. Поступово дані явища починають з’являтися у європейському правовому просторі внаслідок глобалізаційних процесів наприкінці ХХ століття, що зумовлюють масові міграції мусульманського населення на територію сучасної Європи. Безумовно, процеси міграції тягнуть за собою зміну культурної, соціальної, етнічної та правової парадигми на території тих чи інших європейських держав. Такі зміни, у свою чергу, породжують проблему співіснування двох правових систем – ісламської та європейської, тому й дослідження даної теми є вкрай актуальним, оскільки проблема залишається досі невирішеною. Ефективним механізмом для дослідження теми став аналіз судової практики судових інстанцій окремих європейських держав, а також органів з міжнародною юрисдикцією, зокрема Європейського суду з прав людини та Суду Європейського союзу. На основі вивчення судової практики вдалося відобразити загальну картину та оцінку правового статусу ісламського права на території сучасної Європи. Крім того, в статті досліджено різні концепції взаємодії двох правових систем на території європейських держав, зокрема концепцій адаптації, мультикультуризму, тощо. Звернено увагу й на факт контроверсійності поглядів різних європейських держав на варіанти вирішення проблеми взаємодії двох абсолютно відмінних правових систем – одні держави обирають шлях адаптації норм ісламського права до норм та принципів європейського права, інші ж, навпаки, створюють окремі осередки дії ісламського права, тим самим зумовлюючи одночасну дію двох правових систем, що так чи інакше створює ряд колізій у регулюванні ряду суспільних відносин. Таким чином, у ході написання статті, було здійснено спробу окреслити коло окремих проблемних аспектів тих концепцій, що були покликані вирішити проблему взаємодії двох правових систем, а також було засвідчено потребу подальшого пошуку ефективних механізмів для її подальшого подолання і запропоновано власний погляд на можливу методологію.

Etika uključuje časno ponašanje, pridržavanje važećih zakona, očuvanje dostojanstva profesije, poštivanje svakog klijenta, rad u okviru odgovarajućeg djelokruga prakse, usmjerenost na klijenta, orijentiranost na usluge. Etički principi moraju biti duboko usađeni u poslovnu kulturu poduzeća putem etičkih kodeksa ili izjave o vrijednostima, jer oni čine sastavni dio identiteta poduzeća i njegove misije. U području političke filozofije, multikulturalizam se odnosi na načine na koje društva odlučuju formulirati i provoditi službene politike koje se bave pravednim tretmanom različitih kultura. Nadalje, multikulturalizam se može odvijati na razini cijele zemlje ili unutar zajednica nacije. Tehnologija i globalizacija učinile su globalnu ekspanziju daleko dostupnijom za poduzeća diljem svijeta tijekom proteklog desetljeća. Međutim, samo zato što poduzeće ima resurse da postane globalno, može li ostati globalno ili ne, pitanje je koje se svakako treba postaviti. Kako bi se ovo potonje dogodilo, poduzeća moraju naučiti prelaziti kroz složene vode kulturnih razlika. Nažalost, mnoge tvrtke često odlučuju zaroniti s glavom u te vode, a da prethodno nisu razvile vještine potrebne za njihovo održavanje na površini. Ova kratkovidnost može imati skupe rezultate. Na poslovnim sastancima sudionici moraju biti taktični i cijenite okolnosti svoje druge strane - i izbjegavati usporedbe, bilo izgovorene ili jednostavno umišljene, s vlastitom zemljom. Ne postoji siguran način da se osigura uspješan međunarodni poslovni dogovor, ali pridržavanje ovih načela zasigurno će pomoći nastojanjima., Ethics includes honorable conduct, adherence to applicable laws, preservation of the dignity of the profession, respect for each client, work within the appropriate scope of practice, client orientation, service orientation. Ethical principles must be deeply embedded in the business culture of the company through codes of ethics or a statement of values, because they form an integral part of the company's identity and its mission. In the field of political philosophy, multiculturalism refers to the ways in which societies choose to formulate and implement official policies that deal with the fair treatment of different cultures. Furthermore, multiculturalism can take place at the level of the whole country or within the communities of the nation. Technology and globalization have made global expansion far more accessible to businesses around the world over the past decade. However, just because a company has the resources to go global, whether it can stay global or not, is a question that should definitely be asked. For the latter to happen, businesses must learn to traverse the complex waters of cultural differences. Unfortunately, many companies often choose to dive headfirst into these waters without first developing the skills needed to keep them afloat. This myopia can have costly results. In business meetings, participants must be tactful and appreciate the circumstances of their other side - and avoid comparisons, whether spoken or simply imaginary, with their own country. There is no sure way to ensure a successful international business deal, but adhering to these principles will certainly help efforts.

Završni rad tematizira kulturu i jezik, jedne od temeljnih odrednica pojedine zajednice, nacije i slično. Kroz simboličan naslov „Istriotski jezik kao dio kulturnog identiteta Istre“ obuhvatit će se široka lepeza aktualnih tematika. Primjerice, višejezičnost i multikulturnost Istre kao vodeće turističke destinacije Republike Hrvatske, dijapazon mogućnosti koje jezik nudi i slično. Iako na prvi pogled obična zemlja, Republika Hrvatska nadilazi okvire nametnutih pretpostavki te pruža jedinstven doživljaj. Kako je već i napomenuto, jedan od „kulturnih dragulja“ Hrvatske zasigurno je i Istarski poluotok čiji je identitet izgrađen na pojmovima multikulturnosti i višejezičnosti. Nadalje, prema statističkim podacima na svijetu se govori približno 7000 jezika. Iako naizgled enormna brojka, stvarnost donosi drugačiju sliku. Neosporna je činjenica kako gotovo na svakodnevnoj bazi nestane djelić nečega, od civilizacija, tradicija i običaja, spomenika, građevina do, nažalost, jezika. Brojna materijalna i nematerijalna baština Republike Hrvatske nalazi se na UNESCO-ovoj listi svjetske baštine. Međutim, jezik kao da je izostavljen. O ozbiljnosti situacije svjedoče i predviđanja svjetskih lingvista, prema kojima čak trima jezicima u Republici Hrvatskoj prijeti izumiranje. Odnosno, istroumunjskom jeziku, arbanškom govoru te naposljetku istriotskom jeziku. Ovim završnim radom pruža se kratak uvid u osobitosti istriotskog jezika s naglaskom na Istriotski lingvistički atlas, odnosno tematizira se nezahvalna pozicija toga djelića istarskog identiteta koji je korak do potpunog zaborava, te se ukazuje na važnost veće uključenosti lokalnih i turističkih zajednica te ostalih organizacija u njegovu očuvanju. Također, prisutan je i kratak pregled mogućnosti zaštite i valorizacije istriotskog jezika. The final paper focuses on culture and language, one of the fundamental determinants of a particular community, nation, etc. Through the symbolic title "The Istriot language as part of the cultural identity of Istria", a wide range of current topics have been covered. For example, the multilingualism and multiculturalism of Istria as the leading tourist destination of the Republic of Croatia, the range of possibilities that the language offers. Although at first glance an ordinary country, the Republic of Croatia goes beyond the bounds of imposed assumptions and offers a unique experience. As already mentioned, one of the "cultural jewels" of Croatia is certainly the Istrian peninsula, whose identity is built on the concepts of multiculturalism and multilingualism. Furthermore, according to statistics, approximately 7000 languages are spoken in the world. Although a seemingly enormous figure, the reality presents a different picture. It is an indisputable fact that a piece of something disappears almost daily, from civilizations, traditions and customs, monuments, buildings to, unfortunately, languages. Numerous tangible and intangible heritage of the Republic of Croatia is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. However, the language seems to have been left out. The seriousness of the situation is evidenced by the predictions of world linguists, according to which as many as three languages in the Republic of Croatia are threatened with extinction. In other words, the Istro-Romanian language, the Arbanasi language and finally the Istriot language. This final paper provides a brief insight into the peculiarities of the Istrian language with an emphasis on the Istrian Linguistic Atlas, that is the ungrateful position of that part of the Istrian identity which is a step to complete oblivion is thematized, and the importance of greater involvement of local and tourist offices and other organizations in its preservation is pointed out. Moreover, there is a brief overview of the possibilities of protection and valorization of the Istriot language.

Este ensayo presenta una mirada compleja del pensamiento intercultural de Manuel Zapata Olivella. Desde campos recorridos por él como la antropología, la filosofía y los estudios literarios, se problematizan tres puntos centrales en su obra intelectual: la filosofía muntú, la literatura política y la trietnicidad colombiana y latinoamericana, en los que fue pionero y pilar. Se abordan sus ideas recurriendo a la hermenéutica de sus trabajos más representativos, como son Changó, el gran putas, La calle 10 y El hombre colombiano, a partir de las que se desarrolla un trabajo documental desde una perspectiva antropológica, literaria y filosófica para abordar su obra desde las tres aristas que él propone. El artículo muestra que existen claves histórico-sociales para comprender la sociedad colombiana, visibles desde las conceptualizaciones africanas como muntú (el ser humano articulado a la creación). Asimismo, se ofrece una comprensión del paradigma del multiculturalismo desde la perspectiva de las tradiciones africanas en la conformación del Estado-nación en Colombia. La investigación concluye que, a pesar de su silenciamiento e invisibilización cultural, las poblaciones afrocolombianas han hecho presencia en el mundo intelectual, literario e histórico-social nacional; que el fenómeno de la identidad y de la diversidad étnica, lingüística, religiosa y musical son la clave que ha definido a Colombia; y que obras como las de Zapata Olivella fueron fundamentales para colocar a la población afrocolombiana en el plano académico y político, entendiéndola como un sujeto central en la formación del Estado-nación. This essay presents a complex view of the intercultural thought of Manuel Zapata Olivella. Three central points in his intellectual work are discussed based on fields such as anthropology, philosophy, and literary studies: Muntu philosophy, political literature, and Colombian and Latin American triethnicity, in which he was a pioneer and pillar. His ideas are approached resorting to the hermeneutics of his most representative works, such as Changó, el gran putas, La calle 10, and El hombre colombiano, based on which a documentary work is elaborated from an anthropological, literary, and philosophical perspective in order to approach his work from the three aspects he proposed. The article shows that there are historical-social keys to understanding Colombian society, evident from African conceptualizations such as Muntú (the human being articulated to creation). It also offers an understanding of the paradigm of multiculturalism based on the perspective of African traditions in the formation of the nation-state in Colombia. The study concludes that, despite their silencing and cultural invisibilization, Afro-Colombian populations have made their presence felt in the national intellectual, literary, and historical-social world; that the phenomenon of identity and ethnic, linguistic, religious, and musical diversity are the key that has defined Colombia; and that works such as those of Zapata Olivella were fundamental to placing the Afro-Colombian population in the academic and political arena, understanding them as a central subject in the formation of the nation-state. Neste ensaio, é apresentada uma visão complexa do pensamento intelectual de Manuel Zapata Olivella. Sob campos percorridos por ele como a antropologia, a filosofia e os estudos literários, são problematizados três pontos centrais em sua obra intelectual: a filosofia muntu, a literatura política e a trietnicidade colombiana e latino-americana, nos quais foi pioneiro e pilar. São abordadas suas ideias recorrendo à hermenêutica de seus trabalhos mais representativos, como são Changó, el gran putas, La calle 10 e El hombre colombiano, a partir das quais é desenvolvido um trabalho documental sob uma perspectiva antropológica, literária e filosófica para abordar sua obra com base nas três arestas que ele propõe. Neste artigo, mostra-se que existem chaves histórico-sociais para compreender a sociedade colombiana, visíveis a partir das conceituações africanas como muntu (o ser humano articulado à criação). Além disso, é oferecida uma compreensão do paradigma do multiculturalismo sob a perspectiva das tradições africanas na conformação do Estado-Nação na Colômbia. Nesta pesquisa, conclui-se que, apesar de seu silenciamento e invisibilização cultural, as populações afrocolombiana vêm fazendo presença no mundo intelectual, literário e histórico-social nacional; que o fenômeno da identidade e da diversidade étnica, linguística, religiosa e musical são a chave que define a Colômbia; e que obras como as de Zapata Olivella foram fundamentais para colocar a população afrocolombiana no plano acadêmico e político, entendendo-a como um sujeito central na formação do Estado-Nação.

Le multiculturalisme est considéré comme l’une des principales théories politiques contemporaines de la gestion de la diversité, particulièrement chez les penseurs libéraux. À cet égard, les travaux pionniers du philosophe Will Kymlicka ont permis de montrer que les questions de justice devaient dépasser les enjeux de distribution des ressources pour aussi inclure les questions de justice culturelle. En reprenant plusieurs des intuitions libérales de ses prédécesseurs, Kymlicka est parvenu à proposer un modèle original de gestion des droits culturels. On peut cependant se demander dans quelle mesure les théories de ces prédécesseurs ont pu influencer le multiculturalisme libéral. N’est-il pas raisonnable de supposer que les théories de la diversité culturelle comme le multiculturalisme libéral ont reconduit certains éléments théoriques des premières réflexions libérales sur la diversité? Et, si oui, quel impact cet héritage impérial a-t-il eu sur les solutions envisagées et sur la façon dont le problème de la diversité a été posé? Dans l’optique où les espaces impériaux furent parmi les premiers ensembles à devoir gérer la diversité culturelle, on peut se demander dans quelle mesure les théories contemporaines de la gestion de la diversité culturelle rompent avec les théories impériales de la gestion de la diversité culturelle. Plus précisément, on peut se demander s’il existe des continuités théoriques entre une théorie du multiculturalisme libéral telle que celle proposée par Kymlicka et la façon dont les libéraux du XIXe théorisaient le problème de la diversité culturelle à l’époque des empires plurinationaux. Les théories du multiculturalisme libéral auraient-elles reconduit certains biais impérialistes ou coloniaux? Ou, à l’inverse, les critiques faites à leur endroit ne sont-elles pas infondées et ne manquent-elles pas leur cible en s’attaquant aux théories du multiculturalisme? Comment doit-on penser la relation entre empire, colonialisme et multiculturalisme? Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons donc cherché à répondre à ces interrogations en partant de deux questions : existe-t-il un biais impérial dans les théories du multiculturalisme et, si oui, comment peut-on le corriger? Ces deux questions ont pour but de nous aider à comprendre comment le passé impérial des sociétés peut nous aider à mieux saisir les enjeux philosophiques et politiques liés à la question de la diversité culturelle. La présente thèse propose donc de repenser les théories du multiculturalisme libéral à l’aune de leur passé impérial. Pour ce faire, notre réflexion sera construite autour d’une analyse critique des travaux de l’un des principaux penseurs du multiculturalisme libéral : Kymlicka. En partant des travaux de ce dernier, nous tenterons de reconstruire les lignes de continuité théorique qui ont pu exister entre le multiculturalisme libéral et les libéraux impériaux du XIXe siècle. Nous mettrons ainsi en dialogue la théorie libérale de Kymlicka avec les théories de certains de ses prédécesseurs libéraux, notamment John Stuart Mill, Lord Acton et Alfred Zimmern. Cette reconstruction historique nous permettra de mieux comprendre sur quels aspects les propositions de Kymlicka se distinguent de celles de ses prédécesseurs ou, à l’inverse, quels biais elles reconduisent en s’appuyant sur celles-ci. En retour, nous nous pencherons sur les critiques contemporaines qui ont été faites à l’endroit du multiculturalisme libéral, notamment afin de comprendre dans quelle mesure ces critiques se rattachent à la question du passé impérial d’une société comme le Canada. En mettant en place cette double perspective critique, à la fois historique et philosophique, notre ambition est de mieux comprendre les limites des théories du multiculturalisme libéral, et ce, afin de pouvoir en arriver à proposer de nouvelles avenues pour penser la cohabitation des peuples. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, nous soutiendrons dans un premier temps que les théoriciens du multiculturalisme libéral reconduisent un biais impérial en prenant pour acquise la question de la légitimité. Ce faisant, ils laissent de côté la question de l’autorité politique : qui possède le pouvoir sur qui? Dans un deuxième temps, nous argumenterons que les théories du multiculturalisme libéral peuvent mieux réaliser l’idéal d’autonomie des groupes culturels qu’ils défendent en utilisant une conception de l’autonomie fondée sur le concept de non-domination. En partant des travaux d’Iris Marion Young, nous soutiendrons que les concepts d’autonomie relationnelle et d’autodétermination comme non-domination permettent de mieux réaliser le principe d’égalité entre les peuples que ne le font les conceptions classiques de l’autodétermination interne défendues par les libéraux. Cependant, si les propositions théoriques de Young nous permettent d’accroître le potentiel critique des théories du multiculturalisme, nous montrerons qu’elles doivent néanmoins intégrer une conception plus forte des groupes culturels et donc, recourir à une ontologie sociale légèrement différente pour le faire de manière effective., Multiculturalism is considered one of the main contemporary political theories of diversity management, particularly among liberal thinkers. In this regard, the pioneering work of philosopher Will Kymlicka helped to show that questions of justice must go beyond issues of resources distribution to also include issues of cultural justice. By taking up many of the liberal insights of his predecessors, Kymlicka has succeeded in proposing an original model of cultural rights management. However, it is questionable to what extent the theories of his predecessors have influenced liberal multiculturalism. Is it not reasonable to assume that both theories of cultural diversity and liberal multiculturalism have carried over some of the theoretical elements of early liberal thinking on diversity? And, if so, what impact has this imperial legacy had on the solutions envisioned and on how the problem of diversity has been posed? Since imperial spaces were among the first sets to have to manage cultural diversity, one may ask to what extent current theories of cultural management break with imperial theories of cultural diversity management . Specifically, one might ask whether there are theoretical continuities between a theory of liberal multiculturalism as the one proposed by Kymlicka and the way nineteenth-century liberals theorized the problem of cultural diversity in the era of plurinational empires. Do theories of liberal multiculturalism have renewed certain imperialist or colonial biases? Or, conversely, are the criticisms leveled at them not unfounded, and do they not miss their target in attacking theories of multiculturalism? How should we think about the relationship between empire, colonialism, and multiculturalism? In this thesis, we sought to answer these matters based on two questions: is there an imperial bias in theories of multiculturalism and, if so, how can it be corrected? These two questions are intended to help us understand how the imperial past of societies can help us better understand the philosophical and political issues related to the question of cultural diversity. This thesis, therefore, proposes to rethink theories of liberal multiculturalism by considering their imperial past. To do so, our reflection will be built around a critical analysis of the work of one of the main thinkers of liberal multiculturalism: Kymlicka. Starting from his work, we will attempt to reconstruct the lines of theoretical continuity that may have existed between liberal multiculturalism and the imperial liberals of the 19th century. We will thus put Kymlicka's liberal theory in dialogue with the theories of some of his liberal predecessors, notably John Stuart Mill, Lord Acton, and Alfred Zimmern. This historical reconstruction will allow us to better understand in which aspects Kymlicka's proposals differ from his predecessors or, conversely, which biases he reproduces by relying on them. At a second level, we will look at contemporary critiques of liberal multiculturalism, particularly to understand how these critiques relate to the question of the imperial past of a society like Canada. By putting in place this double critical perspective, both historical and philosophical, our ambition is to better understand the limits of theories of liberal multiculturalism and to be able to propose new avenues for thinking about the cohabitation of peoples. To address these objectives, we will first argue that theorists of liberal multiculturalism reproduce an imperial bias by taking for granted the question of legitimacy. In doing so, they leave aside the question of political authority: who has power over whom? Second, we will argue that theories of liberal multiculturalism can better realize the ideal of autonomy for cultural groups that they defend by using a conception of autonomy based on the concept of non-domination. Drawing on Iris Marion Young's work, we will argue that the concepts of relational autonomy and self-determination as non-domination better realize the principle of equality among peoples than do classical conceptions of internal self-determination defended by liberals. However, if Young's theoretical proposals allow us to increase the critical potential of theories of multiculturalism, we will show that they must nonetheless incorporate a stronger conception of cultural groups and thus, a slightly different social ontology if we want this alternative to be effective.

Portugal tem contribuído, desde os anos 80 do século XX, para a formação dos quadros superiores das Forças e Serviços de Segurança dos Países Amigos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa. Nesse âmbito, os alunos cooperantes vivem mergulhados, durante cinco anos, num ensino com um impacto transformador, desenvolvido à luz dos Direitos Humanos. Contudo, o seu futuro profissional tem sido confrontado com o dilema da bifurcação do Direito, i.e., o conflito entre o espírito da lei e os usos, os costumes, a cultura, a tradição e as respostas familiares e comunitárias de resolução conflitos. Na presente obra, o Autor desenvolve um diálogo entre o Direito Penal e o ensino superior policial europeu, num contexto multicultural, procurando compreender se o ensino universitário dos futuros dirigentes das Polícias dos PALOP, corresponde às necessidades da prática jurídico-penal nos seus países. Para esse efeito, recorreu ao estudo de caso da violência doméstica, abordando a influência do ensino português e as exigências constitucionais na função da Polícia nas sociedades africanas, o cosmopolitismo vs. o multiculturalismo, o interculturalismo, o crime e a tolerância multicultural, os transplantes legais e a relação entre a Sociologia e o Direito Penal no ensino policial. Portugal has contributed, since the 1980s, to the training of senior staff in the Security Forces and Services of Portuguese-speaking Friendly Countries. In this context, cooperating students live immersed, for five years, in teaching with a transforming impact, developed in the light of Human Rights. However, his professional future has been confronted with the dilemma of the bifurcation of Law, i.e., the conflict between the spirit of the law and the uses, customs, culture, tradition and family and community responses to conflict resolution. In this work, the Author develops a dialogue between Criminal Law and European police higher education, in a multicultural context, seeking to understand whether the university education of future PALOP Police leaders corresponds to the needs of legal and criminal practice in their countries. For this purpose, he resorted to the case study of domestic violence, addressing the influence of Portuguese teaching and the constitutional requirements on the function of the Police in African societies, cosmopolitanism vs. multiculturalism, interculturalism, crime and multicultural tolerance, legal transplants and the relationship between Sociology and Criminal Law in police education. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Cette étude tente d’analyser un certain nombre de campagnes publicitaires à la lumière de 4 concepts clés relevant du domaine des études culturelles : le stéréotype culturel illustré par une campagne de publicité anglaise, le prototype culturel illustré par une campagne de publicité écossaise, l’approche multiculturelle interprétée à travers la campagne publicitaire réalisée par HSBC en 2002 et la rencontre interculturelle interprétée à travers la célèbre campagne Benetton.Pour terminer, elle souligne l’imprévisibilité qui sous-tend la rencontre interculturelle et l’écart qui peut exister entre l’intention de communication et la réaction du récepteur, comme en témoignent certains heurts culturels engendrés par la campagne Benetton. This article proposes to analyse contemporary cultural advertising in the light of 4 key concepts from the field of Cultural Studies: cultural stereotypes as illustrated by an English advertising campaign, cultural prototypes as illustrated by a Scottish advertising campaign, multiculturalism as interpreted by the 2002 HSBC advertising campaign and the intercultural encounter as interpreted through the famous Benetton campaign.To conclude, it underlines the unpredictability of intercultural encounters where the intention of the emitter may clash with the reaction of the receptor, an occurrence illustrated by a number of cultural clashes in connection with the Benetton campaigns.

Cet article examine l’identification ethnique juive des pentecôtistes brésiliens en se fondant sur l’ethnographie d’une communauté évangélique judaïsante. Cette identification est liée au démantèlement des discours de mestiçagem [métissage] au Brésil. L’adoption de récits multiculturels a favorisé une transition discursive et contribué à l’émergence de revivals ethnoreligieux inspirés du judaïsme. Cet article indique également les limites que revêtent les approches ethnogénétiques pour comprendre les revivalismes ethnoreligieux au Brésil. Baseado em uma etnografia de uma comunidade evangélica judaizante, este artigo explora a identificação étnica de pentecostais brasileiros com judeus. Sugiro que essa identificação está ligada ao desmonte dos discursos de « mestiçagem » no Brasil. A adoção de narrativas multiculturais promoveu uma mudança discursiva, contribuindo para o surgimento de renascimentos étnico-religiosos. O artigo também indica as limitações do conceito de etnogênese para compreender tais revivalismos étnico-religiosos. This article examines the Jewish ethnic identification of Brazilian Pentecostals based on the ethnography of a Judaizing evangelical community. This identification is linked to the dismantling of mestiçagem [miscegenation] discourses in Brazil. The adoption of multicultural narratives has fostered a discursive transition and contributed to the emergence of ethnoreligious revivals inspired by Judaism. This article also points to the limitations of ethnogenetic approaches to understanding ethnoreligious revivals in Brazil.

This article challenges current trends in the study of fixers and other forms of “localforeign news work” through discussion of questions crucial to future investigations. Responding to Kotisova and Deuze ’s call to complicate the existing “repertoire of concepts, theories, and epistemic categories” now in use in scholarship on fixing (2022: 1172), we provide theoretical frameworks relevant to, but thus far unutilized by, this scholarship. Considering local-foreign news work as a process of straddling political, cultural, and epistemic boundaries allows us to interrogate the conceptual binaries operating in the relevant research, such as west/nonwest, local/foreign, fixer/journalist. By engaging the liminality of local journalistic labor, this article brings into relief dynamics often obscured in current studies, namely, the impact of race and gender identities, and the post-colonial contexts within which much local-foreign news work takes place. Attention to these dynamics challenges the conceptual divisions upon which studies of cross-border journalism often rely, while revealing the consequential – and boundarydefying – positionality of local news workers. Finally, examination of the “cosmopolitanism” of local-foreign news work, and the “situatedness” of the knowledge produced by local news workers, serves to thicken scholarship on the topic in ways that deactivate essentialisms, deepen empirical foundations, and address problematic configurations of power critical to the study of news production today. By diversifying the research queries we pose, and the theoretical perspectives we employ, future research can better account for the dynamism of local-foreign news work in the contemporary global news landscape.

This article seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of the strategies implemented by Portuguese higher education institutions in addressing cultural diversity and meeting the demands of international students, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. In methodological terms, this is a qualitative study in which more than 40 in-depth interviews were conducted with degree mobility students from Brazil, Portuguese-speaking African Countries, China and Syria, who were already in Portugal when the pandemic was declared in the country in March 2020. Through the lens of multiculturalism, which understands that higher education should be inclusive and equal for all, we found that higher education institutions in Portugal did not provide adequate support to its international student body at a time of so many challenges and uncertainties. Our data indicate that higher education institutions in Portugal need to make more efforts towards fostering a diverse and inclusive environment, whilst taking into account the complex needs of international students.

Τα τελευταία χρόνια η προσφυγική κρίση και η μετανάστευση πήραν μεγάλες διαστάσεις. Το γεγονός αυτό απασχολεί την Ελληνική κοινωνία και δεν αφήνει ανεπηρέαστο τον χώρο της παιδικής λογοτεχνίας. Όλο και περισσότερα βιβλία για παιδιά γράφονται προσπαθώντας να προσεγγίσουν το θέμα αυτό. Σε αυτή την εργασία επιχειρείται η διερεύνηση των διαφορετικών προσεγγίσεων της ετερότητας στο εικονογραφικό στιλ των διαφορετικών εικονογράφων σε συνδυασμό με το κείμενο σε δέκα παιδικά εικονογραφημένα βιβλία. Στην παρούσα εργασία μέσα από την ανάλυση των βιβλίων εξετάζεται η σχέση μεταξύ εικόνας και κειμένου στις εικονογραφημένες ιστορίες για παιδιά, η απεικόνιση της δράσης και η ροή του χρόνου και του χώρου στην εικόνα. Για τους παραπάνω σκοπούς επιλέχθηκαν δέκα βιβλία Ελλήνων και ξένων συγγραφέων της χρονικής περιόδου 2013-2021, τα οποία κατηγοριοποιούνται ανάλογα με το εάν περιέχουν στοιχεία ρεαλισμού ή μυθοπλασίας. Η ανάλυση επικεντρώνεται κυρίως στα βασικά στοιχεία της εικόνας και στο μήνυμα που εκπέμπει. Παρουσιάζεται σε βάθος η εικονογράφηση, δηλαδή όλα τα στοιχεία, όπως τα χρώματα, τα σχήματα, τα σύμβολα, οι γραμμές και οι μορφές, το μήνυμα που λαμβάνει ο αναγνώστης και το μήνυμα που θέλει να περάσει ο συγγραφέας. Επιπλέον, εξετάζονται τα αφηγηματολογικά στοιχεία της ιστορίας, όπως οι χαρακτήρες/ήρωες, η δράση της ιστορίας και ο αφηγηματικός τόνος. Στόχος της έρευνας είναι η παιδαγωγική και σημειωτική ανάλυση της εικόνας στο σύγχρονο εικονογραφημένο αφήγημα. Η ανάλυση των βιβλίων δίνει μια εικόνα για τις νέες τάσεις στην προσέγγιση που υιοθετούν οι συγγραφείς και οι εικονογράφοι απέναντι σε ένα τόσο επίκαιρο θέμα όπως η προσφυγιά και η μετανάστευση, καθώς και πώς αυτό γίνεται αντιληπτό από τον εννοούμενο αναγνώστη. In recent years, the refugee crisis and migration has taken on major dimensions. This fact concerns Greek society and does not leave the field of children's literature unaffected. More and more books for children are written trying to approach this issue. This paper attempts to investigate the different approaches to heterogeneity in the illustrative style of different illustrators in combination with the text in a sample of children's picture books. In this paper, through the analysis of the books, the relationship between image and text in children's picture stories, the depiction of action and the flow of time and space in the picture are examined. For the above purposes, ten books by Greek and foreign authors from the period 2013-2021 were selected, which are categorized according to whether they contain elements of realism or fiction. The analysis focuses mainly on the basic elements of the image and the message it transmits. The illustration is presented in depth, i.e. all the elements, such as colours, shapes, symbols, lines and forms, the message the reader receives and the message the author wants to convey. In addition, the narrative elements of the story, such as the characters/heroes, the action of the story and the narrative tone are also considered. The aim of the research is to provide a pedagogical and semiotic analysis of the image in the contemporary illustrated narrative. The analysis of the books gives an insight into the new trends in the approach adopted by authors and illustrators towards such a topical issue as refugees and migration, and how this is perceived by the intended reader. 159 σ.

The complex society is a human organization in which the number and variety of internal and external relationships are multiple and intertwined. The global unification of people's behaviors, lifestyles and thinking takes place, often through adaptation to Western standards and habits of life. Consequently, the educational action must be reviewed (with respect to all contexts of application: formal, informal and non-formal) in order to enhance the multidimensional balance and enhance uniqueness. Cultural values have a significant role in the functioning of societies and their social institutions. They serve as a guide to the ideals and behavior of the members of a culture Deardorff's (2006) model of intercultural competence is extremely explanatory of the "contagion" effect generated by individual actions of intercultural sensitivity. For this reason, it is believed that in classes with a mixed cultural background an effective model to be used is Flipped inclusion, an alternative method of teaching / learning with a view to continuing education

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja sposobów opisywania różnorodności i wielokulturowości w serii Detektywi na kółkach Marcina Kozioła. Seria ta składa się z trzech książek: Skrzynia Władcy Piorunów (2014), Tajemnica Przeklętej Harfy (2017) oraz Gwiazda Blachonosego (2020). Autorka wychodzi od problemów związanych z reprezentacją różnych systemów wartości i kultur we współczesnej Polsce, w tym braku widoczności poszczególnych typów różnorodności (takich jak odmienna od dominującej religia czy nieneurotypowość). Następnie przechodzi do analizy różnych aspektów wielokulturowości w serii Kozioła. Na podstawie tych analiz można stwierdzić, iż sposób ujęcia różnorodności społecznej w tych trzech powieściach stanowi etap pośredni między tradycyjnymi przedstawieniami tego tematu a wrażliwością czytelników XXI wieku. The aim of this paper is presentation of the way of describing diversity and mul-ticulturalism in the Detektywi na kółkach [Detectives on Wheels] book series by Marcin Kozioł. This series consists of three books: Skrzynia Władcy Piorunów [The Lord of The Thunders’ Chest] (2014), Tajemnica Przeklętej Harfy [The Secret of the Cursed Harp](2017), and Gwiazda Blachonosego [The Plate-Nose’s Star] (2020). The author of the article first examines problems related to the representation of diverse value systems and cultures in contemporary Poland, including invisibility of particular types of diversity (like different than dominant religion or neurodi-versity). She then moves on to analyse multiple aspects of multiculturalism in the series written by Kozioł. Based on these analyses, it can be concluded that the way of describing social diversity in these three novels represents a transitional stage between traditional representations of this topic and sensitivity of readers in the 21st century

Multicultural (MC) and social justice (SJ) training have been areas of exploration within the field of counseling psychology and have gained continual traction within the supporting Canadian literature. This article provides a critique of the current ways in which MC and SJ training are understood within the field of counseling psychology, how they are taught, and how this training is taken up and perceived by graduate students. We discuss the importance of counseling psychology continuing to move beyond dichotomizing MC and SJ competencies from foundational counseling competencies, to expand past traditional strategies of pedagogy, and to further commit to engaging in practices of decolonization, community involvement, and ongoing faculty training. Recommendations for instructors and graduate training programs are made to support more critical systemic dialogs for the advancement of an MC and SJ agenda in Canadian counseling psychology programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Public Significance Statement—This article is a critical review of the literature that pertains to multicultural and social justice training in Canadian counseling psychology. It contextually examines MC and SJ principles in light of its history, and in its training, application, and reception in the field. This article offers suggestions and recommendations to enhance MC and SJ training in counseling psychology and to recommit to social justice initiatives in the field. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Since the early 90s, Greece has witnessed an unprecedented population movement: Members of indigenous linguistic minorities have moved from the periphery to urban centres and large numbers of people have moved to Greece, primarily from the Balkans, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. This “flow of bodies” (Appadurai 1990) has disrupted the country’s monolingual and monocultural image (even if, in historical terms, this was in itself a construction) and in its place an awareness and sensibility of a multilingual and multicultural society has emerged.

In this paper I look at how through the use of teasing as a socially recurrent activity the members of a multilingual, multicultural and multiethnic peer group (comprised of majority Greek and minority Turkish-speaking children of Roma heritage) make particular identity ascriptions and displays salient and position themselves and others in particular ways in peer talk during break-time in an Athens primary school. Taking as a point of departure that identities are produced relationally, through systems of opposition (Barth 1969), the paper deals with how members of this school-based peer group exploit teasing as a versatile discursive device to construct one particular peer as a “poor” pupil and themselves by extension as “good” pupils in talk-in-interaction. The focus on the situated and relational construction of identity makes visible how children position themselves with regard to others in order to construct academic hierarchies. At the same time, it brings to the fore how through such positionings children may reproduce but also challenge powerful institutional discourses of academic success and failure in circulation in the classroom by negotiating identity options closer to their peer concerns. These processes of identity construction demonstrate how social selves are produced in interaction through contestation and collaboration and how identities may be simultaneously chosen and imposed through language use.

Hawai’i’s multiculturalism and perceived harmonious race and ethnic relations are widely celebrated in popular and academic discourse. The image of Hawai’i as a “racial paradise,” a rainbow of peacefully coexisting groups, partially stems from the fact that among the various racial and ethnic groups there is no numerical majority and from the common belief in equality of opportunity and status. Hawai’i ethnic humor is part and parcel of the maintenance and continued reinforcement of the notion of Hawai’i as “racial paradise” with underlying racializing and stigmatizing discourses that disguise severe social inequalities and elide differential access to wealth and power. In this paper, I examine the intersection of language, humor, and representation by analyzing the linguistic practices in the comedy performances of Frank DeLima, a pioneer in Hawai’i ethnic humor, and excerpts from Buckaloose: Shmall Keed Time (Small Kid Time), a comedy CD by Da Braddahs, a relatively new but tremendously popular comedy duo in Hawai’i. Central to these comedy performances is the use of a language variety that I call Mock Filipino, a strategy often employed by Local comedians to differentiate the speakers of Philippine languages from speakers of Hawai’i Creole English (or Pidgin). A key component to understanding the use of Mock Filipino is the idea of “Local” as a cultural and linguistic identity category and its concomitant multiculturalist discourse. I argue that the Local comedians’ use of Mock Filipino relies on the myth of multiculturalism while constructing racializing discourses which position immigrant Filipinos as a cultural and linguistic Other, signifying their outsider status and their subordinate position in the social hierarchy and order. The linguistic practices in the comedy performances are thus identity acts that help to produce and disseminate ideas about language, culture, and identity while normalizing Local and reinforcing Hawai’i’s mainstream multiculturalist ideology.

In an era of globalization, it is commonly assumed that multicultural experiences foster leadership effectiveness. However, little research has systematically tested this assumption. We develop a theoretical perspective that articulates how and when multicultural experiences increase leadership effectiveness. We hypothesize that broad multicultural experiences increase individuals’ leadership effectiveness by developing their communication competence. Because communication competence is particularly important for leading teams that are more multinational, we further hypothesize that individuals with broader multicultural experiences are particularly effective when leading more versus less multinational teams. Four studies test our theory using mixed methods (field survey, archival panel, field experiments) and diverse populations (corporate managers, soccer managers, hackathon leaders) in different countries (Australia, Britain, China, America). In Study 1, corporate managers with broader multicultural experiences were rated as more effective leaders, an effect mediated by communication competence. Analyzing a 25-year archival panel of English Premier League soccer managers, Study 2 replicates the positive effect of broad multicultural experiences using a team performance measure of leadership effectiveness. Importantly, this effect was moderated by team national diversity: soccer managers with broader multicultural experiences were particularly effective when leading teams with greater national diversity. Study 3 (digital health hackathon) and Study 4 (COVID-19 policy hackathon) replicate these effects in two field experiments, in which individuals with varying levels of multicultural experiences were randomly assigned to lead hackathon teams that naturally varied in national diversity. Overall, our research suggests that broad multicultural experiences help leaders communicate more competently and lead more effectively, especially when leading multinational teams.

W tekście zastosowano perspektywę semiotyczną do analizy prac artystycznych uczniów krakowskich szkół nadesłanych na konkurs pn. "Miasto wielokulturowe w XXI wieku". Przyjmując założenie, że warunkiem dla semiotyki miasta są społeczne procesy prowadzące do uznania przedmiotów w przestrzeni miejskiej za znaki, tekst ma na celu odpowiedzieć na pytanie: jakie znaki i kody konstytuują semiosferę konkursowych prac? Z analizy wynika, że uczestnicy w twórczy sposób użyli znaków zakorzenionych w tradycji Krakowa, modyfikując ich znaczenie poprzez umieszczenie ich w nowych układach syntagmatycznych ze znakami z innych kodów kulturowych. Prace te ukazują również, że wpływ interakcji kulturowych wiąże się z wzajemną wymianą znaków i dynamicznym procesem ponownego przypisywania im znaczeń. Ilustrują one także inne mechanizmy społeczno-kulturowe zachodzące w warunkach wielokulturowości i międzykulturowości. Jednym z nich jest proste zwielokrotnienie różnorodnych "pakietów kulturowych", zaś drugim - różnorodne i dynamiczne interakcje oraz przeplatanie się wielości elementów, jakie składają się na całość przestrzeni międzykulturowej. In this text, a semiotic perspective was used to analyze the artistic works of students from Krakow schools submitted to the competition entitled "A multicultural city in the 21st century". Assuming that the condition for the semiotics of the city are social processes leading to the recognition of objects in urban space as signs, the text is aimed to answer the question: what signs and codes constitute the semiosphere of works taking part in the competition? The analysis shows that the participants creatively used signs rooted in the tradition of Krakow, modifying their meaning by placing them in new syntagmatic systems with signs from other cultural codes. These works also show that the impact of cultural interactions is related to an exchange of signs and the dynamic process of reassigning their meanings. They also illustrate other sociocultural mechanisms taking place in the conditions of multi - and interculturalism. One of them is the simple multiplication of various "cultural packages", and another - the diverse and dynamic interactions and the interweaving of the multiple elements that make up the entire intercultural space.

In this policy brief, the potential that deliberative democracy as a decision-making process has for enhancing the inter-cultural dialogue and dealing with the issues present in multicultural communities is examined. Besides analyzing the advantages of deliberation and its operationalization in reality, in the final part of the policy brief, I offer some possible paths for improving the deliberative process in fostering intercultural communication and problem-solving.

The far right has launched its own particular crusade against gender-neutral language (GNL). In this article, I examine how the parties Rassemblement National, in France, and Vox, in Spain, instrumentalise discursively their opposition to GNL as part of their overall political strategy of confronting social change. By using a culture war framework, I critically analyse the connections between the polarised representations of language and those of other fronts of cultural conflict that the far right directs against adversary groups. I show that both political parties have co-opted language into the culture wars they pursue on other fronts, albeit with significant differences. I argue that in addition to the idea of a single overall struggle based on moral differences and cultural cleavages, culture wars are also to be understood as interconnected fronts in different spheres of contention that the far right strategically exploits.

This paper first examines the literature concerned with the impact of moving schools on pupil academic performance.

The universal postulates of peace, human rights, and governability in the Rule of Law with peaceful societies facilitate justice for its inhabitants. The present work focused on accrediting the design of protection and management systems to guarantee the fundamental rights of individuals. The interpretative processes were supported by an action-research method, socio-critical paradigm, hybrid approach, collaborative design, practical and cross-sectional. The State of Mexico was the setting for its cultural diversity; the sample was 20 projects of the human rights plan for 2021; The findings were triangulated to verify their scope, which made it possible to assess the attributes in terms of management and results in direct interviews. Regarding the results, the collaborative actions with a civil society made it possible to promote legal advice to attend to victims in situations of vulnerability and sensitizing groups susceptible to discrimination; in total, there were 35,627 individuals in the implementation of the plan. On the other hand, the complaints for transgression were for acting authorities by preventing the relief of administrative processes. The instances of arbitrariness were those persecuted by trade 74% and local governments 15%. At the country level, the National Human Rights Commission reported that 3,483 authorities from various fields acted arbitrarily. The multicultural dynamic entails the deformation of public policies to implement new management archetypes in understanding., Los postulados universales de paz, derechos humanos y gobernabilidad en el Estado de Derecho con sociedades pacíficas facilitan la justicia para sus habitantes. El presente trabajo se focalizó en acreditar el diseño de los sistemas de protección y gestión para garantizar los derechos fundamentales de los individuos. Los procesos interpretativos se sustentaron con un método investigación-acción, paradigma sociocrítico, enfoque mixto, diseño colaborativo, de tipo práctico y de corte transversal. El Estado de México fue el escenario por su diversidad cultural, la muestra fueron 20 proyectos del plan de derechos humanos para 2021; se triangularon los hallazgos para comprobar sus alcances, lo que permitieron valorar los atributos en materia de gestión y resultados en entrevistas directas. Respecto a los resultados, las acciones de colaboración con la sociedad civil permitieron promover asesorías jurídicas para atender víctimas en situaciones de vulnerabilidad; así como sensibilizar a grupos susceptibles de discriminación, en total fueron de 35,627 individuos en la implantación del plan. Por otra parte, las quejas por transgresión fueron para autoridades en funciones al impedir el desahogo de los procesos administrativos. Las instancias en situación de arbitrariedad fueron las persecutorias por oficio en un 74 % y los gobiernos locales el 15 %. A nivel país la Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos informó que 3,483 autoridades de diversos ámbitos actuaron de forma arbitraria. La dinámica multicultural conlleva la deformación de las políticas públicas, para implementar nuevos arquetipos de gestión en el entendimiento.

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências de Educação (especialização em Didática e Supervisão), As mudanças e heterogeneidade da sociedade portuguesa e europeia colocam constantes desafios às escolas e aos professores. Vivemos num mundo global onde a instabilidade social se reflete na educação e no perfil linguístico e cultural das escolas. São famílias e grupos de alunos estrangeiros que chegam ou regressam a Portugal, de diversos países, falando diferentes línguas maternas e enfrentando dificuldades de comunicação com colegas, professores e espaço social. O acolhimento e integração de alunos que não têm o Português como Língua Materna (PLM) desenrola-se num sistema complexo e heterogéneo, reconhecido e explorado pela Didática de Línguas. Este estudo apresenta uma análise documental da legislação e normativos, nacionais e europeus, que orientam o ensino do Português Língua Não Materna (PLNM). Foram analisados documentos como o Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas (QECR), o Portefólio Europeu de Línguas (PEL), a legislação nacional e um projeto editorial. Os resultados indicam que acolher e valorizar diversidade linguística nas escolas portuguesas é uma prioridade, bem como a descoberta de conceitos e perfis linguísticos e o (re)conhecimento valorativo de “plurilinguismo” e “multilinguismo”. A formação de professores é assumida como uma carência, cuja resposta poderá pertencer a todos os responsáveis pela Educação (inter)nacional, envolvendo todos os professores de todas as disciplinas., The changes and heterogeneity of Portuguese and European society propose constant challenges to schools and teachers. We live in a global world where social instability is reflected in education and in the linguistic and cultural profile of schools. Families and groups of foreign students arrive or return to Portugal, from different countries, speaking different mother tongues and facing communication difficulties with colleagues, teachers and social space. The welcoming and integration of students who do not have Portuguese as their Mother Tongue (PLM) takes place in a complex and heterogeneous system, recognized, and explored by Language Didactics. This study presents a documentary analysis of national and European legislation and regulations that guide the teaching of Portuguese Non-Mother Language (PLNM). Documents such as the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), the European Language Portfolio (ELP), national legislation and an editorial project were analyzed. The results indicate that welcoming and valuing linguistic diversity in Portuguese schools is a priority, as well as the discovery of linguistic concepts and profiles and the evaluative (re)cognition of “plurilingualism” and “multilingualism”. Teacher training is assumed to be a need, the answer to which may belong to all those responsible for (inter)national education, involving all teachers of all subjects.

Kultura otkazivanja je prilično nov fenomen koji se kroz zadnjih par godina vrlo brzo proširio. Za kulturu otkazivanja ključno je postojanje te intenzivno korištenje društvenih mreža kao i razvoj online aktivizma. Korijen kulture otkazivanja je politička korektnost i potreba koju korisnici društvenih mreža imaju za istom. Događaj koji je pokrenuo rapidni razvoj kulture otkazivanja je #MeToo pokret. #MeToo pokret predstavlja online pokret u kojem su žene dijelile svoja iskustva o muškarcima na pozicijama moći te seksualnom uznemiravanju koje su trpile s njihove strane; razlog zašto je taj pokret bio ključan je to što su neki od muškaraca zbog #MeToo pokreta te stvari koje su otkrivene o njima snose ozbiljne posljedice. Nastavak na to bio je #IsOverParty koji je primarno na Twitteru predstavljao trend u kojem su korisnici svoje neslaganje sa nečime što su uglavnom poznate ličnosti govorile ili radile iskazivali time što bi ih nazvali ''gotovima''. S vremenom kultura otkazivanja postaje vrlo učestala te se ''otkazivanje'' kreće koristiti ne samo u kontekstu slavnih ličnosti već privatnih osoba i velikih korporacija na koje otkazivanje utječe drugačije nego na slavne ličnosti. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je istražiti koji su stavovi aktivnih korisnika društvenih mreža u Republici Hrvatskoj prema kulturi otkazivanja. Istraživanje je provedeno metodom ankete, koristeći Google Forms te je online anketa dijeljena na društvenim mrežama. Uzorak se sastoji od 305 korisnika društvenih mreža u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rezultati istraživanja nam pokazuju kako ispitanici kulturu otkazivanja smatraju načinom držanja korisnika odgovornima za njihovo ponašanje prije nego kažnjavanjem korisnika koji to ne zaslužuju. Također, rezultati nam govore kako se upoznatost s kulturom otkazivanja slabo razlikuje, 46% ispitanika je s kulturom otkazivanja upoznato puno dok ih je 54% upoznato malo. Najveći broj ljudi nema niti pozitivan niti negativan stav o kulturi otkazivanja, dok je onih koji imaju negativan stav neznatno više od onih čiji je stav prema kulturi otkazivanja pozitivan. Također, rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako kod ispitanika dolazi do autocenzure na društvenim mrežama zbog straha od reakcije drugih. Cancel culture is a fairly new phenomenon that has spread very quickly over the past few years. The existence and intensive use of social media platforms, as well as the development of online activism, are crucial for the development of cancel culture. Cancel culture fount its root in political correctness and the need social media users have for it. The event that triggered the rapid development of cancel culture is the #MeToo movement. The #MeToo movement is an online movement in which women shared their experiences of men in positions of power and the sexual harassment they suffered from them; the reason why that movement was crucial for the development of cancel culture is the fact that some of the men accused under the #MeToo movement ended up suffering serious consequences for their actions. After that came the #IsOverParty, representing a trend on Twitter in which users expressed their disagreement with something that primarily famous personalities said or did which led the social media users to declare them "over". Over time, cancel culture became very widespread, and "cancelling" starts to be used not only in the context of celebrities, but also private individuals and large corporations, which are affected by cancel culture differently than celebrities. The goal of this research was to find out the attitudes of active users of social media platforms in the Republic of Croatia towards cancel culture The research was conducted using the survey method, using Google Forms, and the online survey was shared over social media platforms. The sample consisted of 305 users of social media platforms in the Republic of Croatia. The results of the research show us that respondents consider cancel culture as a way of holding users responsible for their behavior rather than punishing users who do not deserve it. Also, the results tell us that familiarity with cancel culture varies slightly, 46% of respondents are very familiar with cancel culture while 54% are less familiar. The majority of people have neither a positive nor a negative attitude towards cancel culture, while those who have a negative attitude slightly outnumber those who have a positive attitude. Also, the results of the research show that respondents self-censor on social media platforms due to fear of others reactions.

The vibrant ethnocultural press in the Greater Toronto Area is a testament to the multicultural reality of a metropolitan area where visible minorities are expected to be the majority by 2031. The GTA's ethnocultural and racialized communities are served by more than 200 newspapers, many of them published in languages other than English or French. What role do these publications play in shaping how ethnic and racialized groups "see" each other? This case study examines how other groups are portrayed in the Chinese-language daily newspaper Ming Pao . With the exception of members of the White community, it concludes that other racial and ethnic groups are represented only to a limited extent and that, in some cases, they are also misrepresented. Resume: La presse ethnoculturelle dynamique de la region de Toronto temoigne de la realite multiculturelle de la zone metropolitaine ou on prevoit que les minorites visibles seront majoritaires d'ici 2031. Les communautes ethnoculturelles et racialisees de la region de Toronto ont acces a plus de 200 journaux, dont plusieurs sont publies dans des langues autres que l'anglais ou le francais. Quel est le role de ces publications sur leur perception mutuelle les unes des autres? Dans cette etude, nous examinons comment le quotidien Ming Pao de langue chinoise depeint d'autres groupes ethniques. Nous concluons que, a l'exception de la communaute blanche, les autres groupes ethniques et raciaux y sont peu et meme, dans certains cas, faussement representes.

The Canadian Federation of Municipalities has declared cities the “unofficial welcome wagon” for new Canadians. Research suggests, however, that they embrace settlement and integration policies to varying degrees. While scholarly examinations of municipal policies include analyses of corporate communications strategies, efforts by city governments to reach residents through ethnocultural news media have received little attention. To address that gap, this study investigates why the suburban community of Brampton, Canada adopted one of the most proactive ethnic media strategies in the country in 2015 when, just a decade earlier, it was for the most part unresponsive to the needs of its burgeoning immigrant population. As a starting point, the case study uses the determinants of municipal responsiveness identified by Kristin R. Good (2009) in Municipalities and Multiculturalism: The Politics of Immigration in Toronto and Vancouver. Employing a mixed methods approach, it concludes that rapid demographic change, the emergence of an activist political leadership, and efforts to reduce friction between newcomers and other residents influenced Brampton’s communications policy over time. The case study identifies challenges associated with adopting an ethnic media strategy, including issues related to translation and the relative lack of sophistication of some ethnic media outlets. Furthermore, it demonstrates that reaching out to ethnocultural communities via ethnic media requires more than just distributing news releases in English. Translation of these releases has the potential to increase municipal news coverage in ethnic media, the paper suggests, if only because it makes it easier for smaller news organizations to report on such matters

Göç, göçmenlik ve mülteciliğin günümüzün en temel insani sorunları haline geldiği dünyamızda insanlığın zaman zaman çeşitli imtihanlardan geçtiği bir döneme tanık olmaktayız. Savaşlar, doğal afetler gibi çeşitli nedenlerle yerlerinden olan ve yurtsuzlaşan bireyler ya da kitleler yaşam alanlarını terk ederek farklı coğrafyalara doğru yol almak durumunda kalmaktadır. Zorunlu göçler nedeniyle farklı kimlik ve kültürlerden insanlar aynı mekanlarda karşılaşmakta ve bu karşılaşmalar toplumsal yapının çok kültürlülük özelliği kazanmasını sağlamakta, ötekinin ve ötekiliğin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu karşılaşmalar ayrıca toplumların kültürel farklılıklarından kaynaklanan çeşitli sorunlar ile karşı karşıya kalmasına ve aralarında kültürel çatışmaların yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu noktada günümüz dünyasının kaçınılmaz olgularından olan göçler neticesinde toplumlar birbirleri ile karşılaşma ve dahası iç içe geçme durumunu tecrübe eder noktaya gelmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı çok kültürlülük gibi toplumsal ve kültürel bir olgunun sinemaya nasıl yansıdığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada aynı toplum içerisinde farklılıkları bir arada tutandinamiklerin neler olduğu sorusu üzerinden eşitlik ve farklılıklarımız ile yaşama pratiğinin sinemaya nasıl yansıdığı ele alınmıştır. Nitel bir araştırma özelliği gösteren çalışmada örneklem olarak seçilen Mandariinid (Mandalina Bahçesi, 2013) filminin içeriği sosyolojik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak incelenecektir. In our contemporary world, where immigration and the states of being immigrant and refugee have become the most fundamental humanitarian problems of our time, we are witnessing a period in which humanity is subjected to various tests from time to time. Individuals or masses who have been displaced and deterritorialized due to various reasons such as wars and natural disasters have to leave their homelands and move to different geographies. Due to forced migration, people from different cultures with their various identities meet in the same places, and these encounters enable the social structure to gain multiculturalism and cause the emergence of the other and otherness. These encounters also cause societies to face various problems arising from their cultural differences and to experience cultural conflicts between them. At this point, as a result of migration, which is one of the inevitable phenomena of today’s world, societies come to the point where they experience encounters with each other and, moreover, interpenetration. The main purpose of the study is to reveal how a social and cultural phenomenon such as multiculturalism is reflected in cinema. In the study, it is discussed how the practice of living together with our equality and differences is reflected in the cinema through the question of what are the dynamics that hold the differences together in the same society. The content of the movie Mandariinid (Tangerines, 2013) selected as a sample in the study, which has a qualitative research design, will beexamined using the sociological analysis method.

La exploración de las relaciones entre categorías asociadas a la migración, con la finalidad de especificar un modelo para el estudio del fenómeno, fue el objetivo del presente trabajo. Se realizó un estudio documental, exploratorio y transversal con una selección intencional de fuentes indexadas a repositorios internacionales: Dialnet, Latindex y Redalyc, considerando el período de publicación de 2007 a 2019, así como la búsqueda por palabras clave. Se observó una estructura de relación entre tres categorías preponderantes en la literatura: aculturación, multiculturalismo e interculturalismo en el que se han establecido diferencias significativas, pero no hubo un aprendizaje consensual y colaborativo apreciable entre los jueces que evaluaron las calificaciones en tres rondas, aunue el diseño de la investigación limita los resultados de la muestra informativa. Estos resultados demuestran la especificación de un modelo para establecer las diferencias entre las categorías y la anticipación de la exclusión e inclusión de la migración y las comunidades nativas, así como la relevancia del espíritu empresarial en el desarrollo local de ambos grupos. The objectives of this study were to explore the relationships between categories around the undertaking of migratory flows in order to specify a model for their systematic study. A documentary, exploratory and transversal study was carried out with an intentional selection of sources indexed to international repositories: Dialnet, Latindex and Redalyc, considering the publication period from 2007 to 2019, as well as the search for keywords. A relationship structure was observed between three preponderant categories in the literature: acculturation, multiculturalism and interculturalism in which significant differences were established with respect to selected extracts from the consulted literature. However, there was no appreciable collaborative and consensual learning among the judges who evaluated the marks in three qualification rounds, although the design of the research limits the findings to the informative sample. These results demonstrate the specification of a model in order to establish differences between the categories and anticipate exclusion or inclusion scenarios between migratory flows and native communities, as well as the relevance of entrepreneurship in the local development of both groups. L’exploration des relations entre les catégories associées à la migration afin de spécifier un modèle pour l’étude du phénomène était l’objectif de ce travail. Une étude documentaire, exploratoire et transversale a été réalisée avec une sélection intentionnelle de sources indexées sur des référentiels internationaux; Dialnet, Latindex et Redalyc, compte tenu de la période de publication de 2007 à 2019, ainsi que de la recherche de mots-clés. Une structure relationnelle a été observée entre trois catégories prépondérantes dans la littérature; acculturation, multiculturalisme et interculturalisme dans lesquels des différences significatives ont été établies, mais aucun apprentissage consensuel et collaboratif appréciable n’a été trouvé parmi les juges. Ces résultats démontrent la spécification d’un modèle permettant d’établir les différences entre les catégories et l’anticipation de l’exclusion et l’inclusion des migrations et des communautés autochtones, ainsi que de la pertinence de l’esprit d’entreprise dans le développement local des deux groupes. 57-68 aldeamundo@gmail.com cgarcial213@profesor.uaemex.mx Semestral http://erevistas.saber.ula.ve/aldeamundo

A presente tese defende a existência de uma visão de mundo afro-austral – Ubuntu –, que engloba um conjunto de princípios ético-normativos de organização social, filosofia e estilo de vida Ubu-ntu e de relação do ser humano com a comunidade, humanidade e a natureza, com validade para constituir uma proposta reformadora que pode redefinir e reestruturar a atual concepção de “Direitos Humanos Universais” tornando-a ainda mais universal ao introduzir uma nova concepção ecossistémica ou ecobiosófica de dignidade e personalidade humana. Desta forma, se abriria o caminho para que, por via de um “diálogo global” mais inclusivo, igualitário e multicultural, se respeite e valorize, em mesmo pé de igualdade, os contributos das concepções de dignidade e personalidade humana das principais civilizações mundiais, incluindo aqui a Ocidental e Bantu, por forma a garantir-se aquilo a que Kwame Anthony Appiah chamou de “ética global”, regida por uma nova Declaração de Direitos Humanos mais efetivamente Universais, contribuindo, assim, para a construção de um mundo mais igualitário, “afropolitanista” (Mebembe, 2013, 2015) e ecologicamente sustentável. De igual modo, sustenta-se aqui que o reconhecimento expresso da validade reformadora dos fundamentos ético-normativos Ubuntu e a sua tomada em consideração numa nova Declaração de Direitos Humanos mais Universais, ajudaria os moçambicano-maputenses, em particular, e os africanos, em geral, a ultrapassar as dificuldades de respeito, materialização e proteção efetiva dos atuais “Direitos Humanos Universais” na região Austral de África, ao integrá-los nas ordens jurídicas locais, que passariam, assim, a ter uma maior organicidade com as sociedades que regulam, conduzindo a uma maior identificação destas mesmas sociedades com as normas que defendem os redefinidos “Direitos Humanos mais Universais”. This thesis defends the existence of a Southern Africa worldview – Ubuntu –, which encompasses a set of ethical-normative principles of social organization, a Ubu-ntu philosophy and lifestyle, and the relationship between human beings and humanity and nature, with validity to constitute a reforming proposal that can redefine and restructure the current conception of “Universal Human Rights” making it even more universal by introducing a new ecosystemic or ecobiosophical conception of human personality. In this way, the way would be opened so that, through a more inclusive, egalitarian and multicultural "global dialogue" , respect and value, on the same footing of equality, the contributions of the conceptions of dignity and human personality of the main world civilizations, including Western and Bantu here, in order to guarantee what Kwame Anthony Appiah called a “global ethics” (Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, 2012), ruled by a new Declaration of Human Rights that are more effectively Universal, thus contributing for the construction of a more egalitarian, “afropolitanist” (Mbembe, 2013, 2015) and ecologically sustainable world. Similarly, it is argued here that the express acknowledgement of the validity and take it into account in a new Declaration of “more Universal Human Rights” would help the Mozambicanmaputenses to overcome the difficulties of respect, materialization and effective protection of the “most Universal Human Rights” in the Southern region of Africa, by integrating them into local legal orders, which would, therefore, become more organic with the societies they attempt to regulate, leading to greater identification of these same societies with the norms that defend the redefined “more Universal Human Rights”.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (especialização em Publicidade e Relações Públicas), O fluxo migratório contínuo e a presença de diversas culturas no território de Braga trouxeram enriquecimento ao tecido sociocultural da cidade. Entretanto, este cenário faz-se acompanhar das dificuldades de integração dos imigrantes, assim como apresenta desafios para a gestão da interculturalidade na sociedade e, por esse motivo, o Município de Braga viu-se na necessidade de desenvolver políticas públicas voltadas para as comunidades imigrantes e multiculturais presentes na cidade. Nesse sentido, surge em julho de 2020 o Projeto DiverCidade, com o objetivo de promover a integração dos imigrantes e a valorização das múltiplas culturas existentes no território bracarense por meio do diálogo intercultural. Para auxiliar na implementação do projeto, a agência LKCOM foi a entidade escolhida para ser a responsável pelo plano de comunicação, no qual os social media desempenham um papel fundamental para a execução e a divulgação de todas as componentes, atividades e ações do plano de atuação. Assim, através da revisão de literatura junto a minha experiência de estágio curricular na LKCOM trabalhando com o projeto DiverCidade, o futuro relatório de estágio buscará compreender o papel dos social media na implementação de políticas culturais e de integração voltadas aos imigrantes., The continuous migratory flow and the presence of multiple cultures in the city of Braga enriched the sociocultural landscape of the city. However, this scenario is accompanied by difficulties in integrating immigrants, as well as presenting a challenge for the management of interculturality in society and, for this reason, the Municipality of Braga found itself in need of developing public policies aimed at the multicultural immigrant communities that are part of the city. Therefore, the DiverCidade Project surfaces in July 2020 with the objective of promoting the integration of immigrants and the appreciation of the multiple cultures existing in Braga’s territory through intercultural dialogue. To assist in the implementation of the project, the LKCOM agency was chosen to be responsible for the communication plan, in which social media played a fundamental role in the execution and promotion of all components, activities and actions of the action plan. Thus, through a literature review along with my curricular internship experience at LKCOM working with the DiverCidade project, this internship report will seek to understand the role of social media in the implementation of cultural and integration policies aimed at immigrants.