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The long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) integration is affected by many cellular factors through various mechanisms. Some of these factors are required for L1 amplification, while others either suppress or enhance specific steps during L1 propagation. Previously, TRIM28 has been identified to suppress transposable elements, including L1 expression via its canonical role in chromatin remodeling. Here, we report that TRIM28 through its B box domain increases L1 retrotransposition and facilitates shorter cDNA and L1 insert generation in cultured cells. Consistent with the latter, we observe that tumor specific L1 inserts are shorter in endometrial, ovarian, and prostate tumors with higher TRIM28 mRNA expression than in those with lower TRIM28 expression. We determine that three amino acids in the B box domain that are involved in TRIM28 multimerization are critical for its effect on both L1 retrotransposition and cDNA synthesis. We provide evidence that B boxes from the other two members in the Class VI TRIM proteins, TRIM24 and TRIM33, also increase L1 retrotransposition. Our findings could lead to a better understanding of the host/L1 evolutionary arms race in the germline and their interplay during tumorigenesis.

This study was conducted to explore the antibody titers and antibiotic sensitivity of salmonella organisms isolated from pigeons and their surrounding in Nineveh governorate during the period from November 2021 to March 2022. Thirty out of 83 positive Salmonella spp. isolated from 400 pigeons and 150 samples of their environment in a previous study (unpublished data) were subjected to an antibiogram sensitivity test. Nearly half of the isolates (n=16) were tested for ß- lactamase production. Seroprevalence of 92 blood samples collected from the same pigeons (69/adults and 23/squabs) were used for the estimation of S. enteritides antibody titers. The antibiogram profile of tested Salmonella spp. revealed high resistance (73.33%) to Ciprofloxacin followed by Colistin (70%), Florphenicol (66.6%), Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (60%), Lincomycin and Amoxicillin (46.6), Spiramycin and Doxycycline (40%), Tetracycline (36.66%), Levofloxacin and Enrofloxacin (33.33%), Phosphomycin (26.6%), Norfloxacin (23.3%), Cephalexin, Neomycin and Gentamycin 16.66%. Beta-lactmase producing Salmonella spp. revealed that 3 isolates out of 13(18.75%) were positive by acidimetric, 7/16(43.75%) using extended spectrum ß -lactmase and 6/16(37.5%) in extended spectrum ß -lactmase type ampC methods. Antibody titers to S. enteritides naturally exposed pigeons obtained by Indirect ELISA revealed a significant (P≤0.ooo1) difference between adults and squabs mean titers. In conclusion, pigeons are considered one of the Salmonella spp. sources that may aid in the cross-contamination of Salmonella spp. from pigeons to the surroundings, humans or animals.

This research describes a straightforward procedure for extracting the pigment of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions by utilizing a low-cost, safe, natural, and national source. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to determine contact time, adsorbent dose, and the starting concentration of the adsorbate. For the analysis, a UV spectrophotometer was employed. Dye adsorption equilibrium was obtained after 120 minutes of contact time. Temkin, Langmuir, and Freundlich isotherm adsorption were used at solution concentrations of (3, 4, 6, and 8) mg/l. Adsorption data is used to predict the pseudo first and pseudo second order kinetic equations, Elovich kinetic models, and intra-particle diffusion using pseudo first and pseudo second order kinetic equations. The Langmuir adsorption model fits the MB adsorption data better than other isotherm models, with the MB capacity at 8 mg/l equal to 0.992 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption kinetic data are satisfactorily related.

(A) LNCaP cells {plus minus} AD were treated with edelfosine (10 µM) and the cells were harvested after 3, 6 and 18 h time points. Cell lysates were examined by Western blotting for p-AKT and total AKT. (B) ARv7 expression in 22RV1 cells. Cells were cultured in 10 cm tissue culture dishes in CM or AD medium and then treated edelfosine (10 µM). Treated cells were harvested after 24 h, whole-cell lysates were extracted, and ARv7 expression was determined by Western immunoblotting. The same blot was re-probed for β-actin.

Cells were harvested after 24 hours following treatment and caspase 3/7 assay was carried out. For ATF3 knockdown, VCaP were transfected with control siRNA or siATF3 (10 nM), followed by treatment with edelfosine (5 µM). Data shown represent the mean values ({plus minus} SEM) from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, compared to control siRNA + edelfosine (one way ANOVA).

Androgen deprived LNCaP cells were co-transfected with 5 µg of ARE-luciferase reporter constructs, renilla luciferase and siATF3 (10 nM), followed by treatment with edelfosine (5 µM) and R1881 (5 nM). Cells were harvested and lysed after 24 hours following treatment and assayed for ARE reporter activity. Luciferase expression of each sample was measured using dual luciferase reporter gene assay system (Promega Corp., Madison, WI). The data represents the ratio between firefly/renilla luciferase activities. The mean values {plus minus} SEM of three independent experiments are shown. *p < 0.05, compared to group with R1881 alone (one way ANOVA).

VCaP cells were grown for 24 h in complete (A) or AD (B) medium. Cells were treated with edelfosine (1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µM) with control groups receiving PBS (0.01 M) vehicle (S1A) VCaP and (S1B) VCaP + AD. Cells were monitored and cell proliferation was measured in real time by RTCA cell proliferation assay and the average cell index was shown for 72 h. Each data point is represented by its means (n = 3) {plus minus} SD.

Supplementary Figure legends for Figures S1-S5.

"Since the last part of the 1970s"" "cranial ultrasound assessments have been performed on preterm babies to give data about perinatal cerebrum injury for the expectation of long haul results . Cranial ultrasound assessments and nonultrasound cerebrum imaging procedures" for example" attractive reverberation imaging" have additionally been utilized for an assortment of clinical signs". In light of ongoing improvements in the innovation and cycle of performing cranial ultrasound assessments and in the characterization and comprehension of the prescient worth of strange discoveries " it is opportune and vital to consider the worth and interaction of deciding the requirement for routine screening cranial ultrasound assessments in neonatal escalated care units (NICUS). This study is a clinic based cross sectional review completed upon 90 preterm babies conceded to Neonatal Intensive Care unit in Tikrit Teaching Hospital through the period from the first of February to the furthest limit of May 2008" their gestational ages were gone from 28 - 36 weeks and their body loads were range from 800 - 2300g.The point of this study is to assess the job of front fontanel ultrasonography in preterm newborn children" utilizing exceptional poll" an actual assessment was led and all preterms were sent for cranial ultrasound assessment through the foremost fontanel with estimation of hemoglobin level" all preterms with intracranial findings were sent to CAT scan to confirm Diagnosis.The recurrence of intracranial discoveries was (30%)" (7.40%) had germinal grid drain" (51.86%) had intraventricular discharge" had and 29.63% (11.11%) had periventricular leukomalacia ventricnlomegaly" (31.91%) were males and (27.91%) were females" (75%) of gestational ages 28 - 30 weeks" (47. 61%) of 31 - 33 weeks and (9.44%) of 34-36 weeks" (48.14%) of body loads 800 - 1300 g. (47.37%) of 1300 - 1800g and (11.37%) of 1800 - 2300g. Anemia were found in (63.63%) of preterms with intracranial findings. Case casualty rate among preterms with intracranial discoveries was (40.75%). It can be concluded that anterior fontanel ultrasonography is an important valuable method for early detection of intracranial problems in preterm infants" intracranial findings have no association with the gender but have significant association with the gestational age" body weight and anemia.

Supplementary Figure 1 from Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and TRAIL in High-Dose Radiation–Induced Bystander Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Supplementary Figure 3 from Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and TRAIL in High-Dose Radiation–Induced Bystander Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Five Supplementary Figures from Modulation of Gene Expression in Human Central Nervous System Tumors under Methionine Deprivation-induced Stress

Supplementary Figure 4 from Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and TRAIL in High-Dose Radiation–Induced Bystander Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Supplementary Figure Legends from Modulation of Gene Expression in Human Central Nervous System Tumors under Methionine Deprivation-induced Stress

In the present study, ionizing radiation (IR)–induced bystander effects were investigated in two lung cancer cell lines. A549 cells were found to be more resistant to radiation-conditioned medium (RCM) obtained from A549 cells when compared with the H460 exposed to RCM procured from H460 cells. Significant release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was observed in A549 cells after IR/RCM exposure, and the survival was reversed with neutralizing antibody against TNF-α. In H460 cells, significant release of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), but not TNF-α, was observed in response to IR, RCM exposure, or RCM + 2Gy, and neutralizing antibody against TRAIL diminished clonogenic inhibition. Mechanistically, TNF-α present in RCM of A549 was found to mediate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation to nucleus, whereas the soluble TRAIL present in RCM of H460 cells mobilized the nuclear translocation of PAR-4 (a proapoptotic protein). Analysis of IR-inducible early growth response-1 (EGR-1) function showed that EGR-1 was functional in A549 cells but not in H460 cells. A significant decrease in RCM-mediated apoptosis was observed in both A549 cells stably expressing small interfering RNA EGR-1 and EGR-1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Thus, the high-dose IR-induced bystander responses in A549 may be dependent on the EGR-1 function and its target gene TNF-α. These findings show that the reduced bystander response in A549 cells is due to activation of NF-κB signaling by TNF-α, whereas enhanced response to IR-induced bystander signaling in H460 cells was due to release of TRAIL associated with nuclear translocation of PAR-4. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11811–20]

Methionine deprivation imposes a metabolic stress, termed methionine stress, that inhibits mitosis and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The methionine-dependent central nervous system tumor cell lines DAOY (medulloblastoma), SWB61 (anaplastic oligodendroglioma), SWB40 (anaplastic astrocytoma), and SWB39 (glioblastoma multiforme) were compared with methionine-stress resistant SWB77 (glioblastoma multiforme). The cDNA-oligoarray analysis and reverse transcription-PCR verification indicated common changes in gene expression in methionine-dependent cell lines to include up-regulation/induction of cyclin D1, mitotic arrest deficient (MAD)1, p21, growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible (GADD)45 α, GADD45 γ, GADD34, breast cancer (BRCA)1, 14-3-3σ, B-cell CLL/lymphoma (BCL)1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, TGF-β–induced early response (TIEG), SMAD5, SMAD7, SMAD2, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP7), IGF-R2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE), TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R)2, TNFR-related death receptor (DR)6, TRAF interacting protein (I-TRAF), IL-6, MDA7, IL-1B convertase (ICE)-γ, δ and ε, IRF1, IRF5, IRF7, interferon (IFN)-γ and receptor components, ISG15, p65-NF-κB, JUN-B, positive cofactor (PC)4, C/ERB-β, inositol triphosphate receptor I, and methionine adenosyltransferase II. On the other hand, cyclins A1, A2, B1 and B2, cell division cycle (CDC)2 and its kinase, CDC25 A and B, budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles (BUB)1 and 3, MAD2, CDC28 protein kinase (CKS)1 and 2, neuroepithelial cell transforming gene (NET)1, activator of S-phase kinase (ASK), CDC14B phosphatase, BCL2, TGF-β activated kinase (TAK)1, TAB1, c-FOS, DNA topoisomerase II, DNA polymerase α, dihydrofolate reductase, thymidine kinase, stathmin, and MAP4 were down-regulated. In the methionine stress-resistant SWB77, only 20% of the above genes were affected, and then only to a lesser extent. In addition, some of the changes observed in SWB77 were opposite to those seen in methionine-dependent tumors, including expression of p21, TRAIL-R2, and TIEG. Despite similarities, differences between methionine-dependent tumors were substantial, especially in regard to regulation of cytokine expression. Western blot analysis confirmed that methionine stress caused the following: (a) a marked increase of GADD45α and γ in the wt-p53 cell lines SWB61 and 40; (b) an increase in GADD34 and p21 protein in all of the methionine-dependent lines; and (c) the induction of MDA7 and phospho-p38 in DAOY and SWB39, consistent with marked transcriptional activation of the former under methionine stress. It was additionally shown that methionine stress down-regulated the highly active phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase pathway by reducing AKT phosphorylation, especially in DAOY and SWB77, and also reduced the levels of retinoblastoma (Rb) and pRb (P-ser780, P-ser795, and P-ser807/811), resulting in a shift in favor of unphosphorylated species in all of the methionine-dependent lines. Immunohistochemical analysis showed marked inhibition of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB under methionine stress in methionine-dependent lines. In this study we show for the first time that methionine stress mobilizes several defined cell cycle checkpoints and proapoptotic pathways while coordinately inhibiting prosurvival mechanisms in central nervous system tumors. It is clear that methionine stress-induced cytotoxicity is not restricted by the p53 mutational status.

Supplementary Figure 5 from Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and TRAIL in High-Dose Radiation–Induced Bystander Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Supplementary Table from Modulation of Gene Expression in Human Central Nervous System Tumors under Methionine Deprivation-induced Stress

Supplementary Figure 2 from Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and TRAIL in High-Dose Radiation–Induced Bystander Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma

A study of non-diatom algal species composition in twelve sites from Greater Zab River path within Erbil Province, was carried out from April 2021 to January 2022 with monthly sample collection in twelve studied sites. Among them site 4,5,6,7 and 9 are the first for algal study in this area. The 112 different species of algae belong to 33 genera, 25 families, 13 orders and 4 divisions have been identified. The predominant genera included Spirogyra and Cosmarium 17, 8 taxa respectively. 13 taxa were new recorded to Iraqi Kurdistan algal flora and 9 of them were new recorded to Iraqi algal flora: Botryosphaerella sudetica, Muriella magna, Gloeotaenium loitlesbergianum, Apiocystis brauniana, Anabaena oscillarioides, C. distentum, C. tutum, C. contractum var. minutum, kirchneriella irregularis, Oedogonium suecicum f. australe, Coelastrum indicum, Oocystis lacustris, and Pediastrum braunii. Also, there were three new genera for Iraqi algal flora which including: Botryosphaerella, Muriella and Apiocystis. A brief description as well as the measurement is given for each species. Water temperatures ranged from 17.3 to 20.08 ºC, hydrogen ion concentration and electrical conductivity value ranged from 7.44 to 7.88 and 433.20 to 721.56 μS.cm-1 for all studied sites respectively. The aim of this study is to identify algal taxa in studied sites.

يهدف البحث الحالي الى دراسة تطوير الفلسفة التربوية وفق معايير الجودة الشاملة، ولتحقيق هدف البحث اتبع الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يعتمد على تحليل الأدبيات المتعلقة بمفهوم الجودة الشاملة ومفهوم تطوير الفلسفة التربوية. وقد تضمن البحث أربع فصول اشتمل الفصل الأول التعريف بالبحث من خلال مشكلته وأهمية البحث وأهدافه وتعريف المصطلحات والمفاهيم، وتناول الباحثان في الفصل الثاني الفلسفة التربوية والأهمية الأساسية للفلسفة التربوية والاهتمام بكفاءة المؤسسة التعليمية، أما في الفصل الثالث فقد تم شرح معايير الجودة الشاملة ومعايير قياس الجودة وضبطها في العملية التربوية بالإضافة الى فوائد تطبيق ومتطلبات معايير الجودة الشاملة في المؤسسات التربوية، وأخيرا تناول الباحثان في الفصل الرابع ضبط جودة الفلسفة التربوية وتطبيق معايير الجودة الشاملة في الفلسفة التربوية وتطوير الفلسفة التربوية وفق معايير الجودة الشاملة وطرق تطوير الفلسفة التربوية في ظل الجودة الشاملة . وتوصل الباحثان الى جملة من النتائج من أبرزها إن الجودة في الفلسفة التربوية تمهد لخلق خطط متكاملة لتطوير الفلسفة التربوية التعليمية، وان تحقيق جودة التعليم يتطلب تكاملا وتفاعلا لكل الموارد البشرية والسياسات والنظم والمناهج والعمليات والبنى التحتية من أجل خلق بيئة فاعلة للإبداع وللابتكار. وفي ضوء نتائج البحث قدم الباحثان عددا من التوصيات والمقترحات.

Introduction We aimed to assess the accuracy of ultrasound elastography in detecting pediatric malignant cervical lymph nodes, and if this modality can obviate the need for surgical biopsies. Material and Methods A prospective study from September 2017 to September 2020 included 64 children with persistent cervical lymphadenopathy. Patients were evaluated by meticulous history and physical assessment. B-mode ultrasound, color Doppler, and sonoelastography were conducted thereafter. Elastography scans were classified into five patterns, and patterns from 3 to 5 were considered as malignancies. All children underwent open biopsies followed by pathological examination. Results of tissue diagnosis were compared with patterns of elastography to determine its accuracy. Results Twenty-eight patients (43.8%) had malignant nodes and the remaining 36 (56.2%) were due to benign causes. Elastography patterns of 1 and 2 were documented in 30 patients, and all of them were diagnosed as benign lesions. Patterns of 3 to 5 were demonstrated in 34 patients. Out of them, 28 were confirmed as malignancies, while 6 children were of benign nature (false positive). Ultrasound elastography achieved sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 85.7%, respectively, and an overall accuracy of 90.6% in the differentiation between malignant and benign entities. The overall accuracy of B-mode and color Doppler were 75 and 82.2%, respectively. Conclusion Elastography is a useful tool that should be added to ultrasound modalities during the diagnosis of pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy. Surgical biopsy in eligible patients is imperative to commence proper therapy or to discharge the child. Despite favorable results of elastography, it cannot replace surgical biopsy or change its indications.

Cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were phytofabricated utilizing leaf extract of Simarouba glauca and aerial extract of Celastrus paniculatus and are considered to hold excellent anticancer capability. Synthesized CuO NPs were characterized for their morphology, crystallinity, and structure. The presence of functional groups of phytochemicals on synthesized nanoparticles was validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination reveal the uniform distribution of particles and the average particle size is 35 nm. The anticancer activities on MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines revealed that CuO NPs synthesized using leaf extract of S. glauca (CuO-SG) induced cell death with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 107.56 µg/mL and 208.57 µg/mL, while CuO NPs synthesized using the aerial extract of C. paniculatus (CuO-CP) indicated IC50 values of 97.39 µg/mL and 205.11 µg/mL, respectively. To be more precise for anti-cancerous effect, the molecular mechanism was examined in MCF-7 cell line treated with CuO-CP NPs by cell cycle analysis that depicted 75.28% of cell arrest in Sub G0/G1 phase and 71.29% of cells were gated in the late apoptotic phase of Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) compared to control cells. The present work reports in vivo antitumor studies of CuO-CP NPs against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing C57 mice for the first time and was examined by variations in growth parameters, biochemical assays, hematological profile, and histopathological analysis. CuO-CP NPs could eliminate oxidants like lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase, stimulate reduced glutathione, restore the hematological profile and increase the life span of tumor-bearing mice treated by them in comparison with control.

Eighty, one-day-old commercial male broiler chicks (Ross 308), were distributed to four dietary treatments with two replicates of 10 chicks each, to study the effect of Synertox ® on broiler performance during aflatoxicosis. Birds were reared for 42 days. All birds were fed on diet with or without aflatoxin (AF) in feed, and with or without Synertox (ST) (enzymes, organic acids and yeast extract) in water. The treatments were as follow: T1 (0 ppm AF and no ST); T2 (2.5 ppm AF and no ST); T3 (0 ppm AF and 0.5 ml/l ST); T4 (2.5 ppm AF and 0.5 ml/l ST). Body weights and feed intake were recorded weekly. At 42 of bird’s age, five birds were randomly selected for estimation of antibody titres against Newcastle disease (ND; for calculation of the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen as well as for scoring liver and kidney lesions. The results show that the total body weight gain through 42 days of rearing period that the gain was highest in T3. In the second order was the weight of the control group (T1), while in the third order was T4. The worst body weight gain was reported in T2, in which chicks fed AF. The same picture in body weight gain was obtained with feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. AF had a significant negative effect on the liver parenchyma of broiler chicks in treatment 2, by changing liver colour from mahogany to enlarged muddy or even to yellowish discolouration, with friable consistency with sub capsular haemorrhages. The addition of Synertox® was effective in restoring the normal red brown liver colour. Kidney were also affected by feeding AF (T2). They were enlarged, swollen and pale in colour. All lymphoid organs tested, thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen were negatively affected by feeding AF in broilers at 42 days of age. Synertox® was effective in counteracting the negative effect of AF on relative bursal weight, thymus and spleen relative weights. Aflatoxin had detrimental negative effect on the ND ELISA mean antibody titre. A significant restoring of ND antibody titre to those of control group (T1) was recorded by addition of Synertox® to the drinking water of broilers in (T4) compared with the AF fed T2 group. From the studied parameters it could be concluded that Synertox® could be used in counteracting the negative effects of AF on health and performance of broiler chicks.

Background and objectives To compare the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), ablative fractional carbon dioxide (FCO2 ) laser, and their combination in the treatment of atrophic acne scars, both clinically and immuno-histopathologically. Study design/materials and methods Sixty patients were randomly divided into three equal groups. Group 1 received intradermal PRP injection sessions. Group 2 received FCO2 laser sessions. Group 3 received FCO2 laser followed by intradermal PRP injection sessions. Each group received three sessions at monthly intervals. The final assessment took place 3 months after the last session. Skin biopsies were obtained before and 1 month after treatment sessions with pathological evaluation. Results Combined PRP and FCO2 laser-treated patients had a better clinical response, fewer side effects, and shorter downtime than FCO2 laser alone. PRP-treated patients had some improvement but significantly lower than the other two groups. Conclusion The current study concluded that a combination of PRP and FCO2 laser is an effective and safe modality in the treatment of atrophic acne scars with better results than PRP or FCO2 laser alone. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

De novo initiation by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases often requires a polymerase priming residue, located within a priming loop, to stabilize the initiating NTPs. Polymerase structures from three different non-segmented negative strand RNA virus (nsNSV) families revealed putative priming loops in different conformations, and an aromatic priming residue has been identified in the rhabdovirus polymerase. In a previous study of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) polymerase, we found that Tyr1276, the L protein aromatic amino acid residue that most closely aligns with the rhabdovirus priming residue, is not required for RNA synthesis but two nearby residues, Pro1261 and Trp1262, were required. In this study, we examined the roles of Pro1261 and Trp1262 in RNA synthesis initiation. Biochemical studies showed that substitution of Pro1261 inhibited RNA synthesis initiation without inhibiting back-priming, indicating a defect in initiation. Biochemical and minigenome experiments showed that the initiation defect incurred by a P1261A substitution could be rescued by factors that would be expected to increase the stability of the initiation complex, specifically increased NTP concentration, manganese, and a more efficient promoter sequence. These findings indicate that Pro1261 of the RSV L protein plays a role in initiation, most likely in stabilizing the initiation complex. However, we found that substitution of the corresponding proline residue in a filovirus polymerase had no effect on RNA synthesis initiation or elongation. These results indicate that despite similarities between the nsNSV polymerases, there are differences in the features required for RNA synthesis initiation.Author SummaryRSV has a significant impact on human health. It is the major cause of respiratory disease in infants and exerts a significant toll on the elderly and immunocompromised. RSV is a member of the Mononegavirales, the non-segmented, negative strand RNA viruses (nsNSVs). Like other viruses in this order, RSV encodes an RNA dependent RNA polymerase, which is responsible for transcribing and replicating the viral genome. Due to its essential role during the viral replication cycle, the polymerase is a promising candidate target for antiviral inhibitors and so a greater understanding of the mechanistic basis of its activities could aid antiviral drug development. In this study, we identified an amino acid residue within the RSV polymerase that appears to stabilize the RNA synthesis initiation complex and showed that it plays a role in both transcription and RNA replication. However, the corresponding residue in a different nsNSV polymerase does not appear to play a similar role. This work reveals a key feature of the RSV polymerase but identifies differences with the polymerases of other related viruses.

Education in the 21st century imparts personal talents, build competencies, overcome problems and enhance wellbeing of individuals. The advancement in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has carried extraordinary modifications, in addition to exaggerating the difficulties of contemporary civilizations. ICT becomes significant in every person's day to day life and in our education system. But students are expected to have sufficient knowledge to use ICT in learning and preparation. They need to enhance their learning strategies to meet the need and demands of the global technological world. This study gathered the Integration of ICT in Transforming Education among Non-Science Stream students. This will support the student in recognizing the need for ICT in their learning process. The present study is a descriptive research, involving survey technique. As many as 300 Non-Science Stream students of 4 colleges in Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan region of Iraq were selected as sample. This study reveals that non-science students also have adhered to the integration of ICT in transforming education.

Biodiversity plays a significant role in maintaining the ecosystem for their sustainable utilization. A preliminary survey was conducted to document the diversity and economic importance of the angiosperms around the Medavakkam Lake, Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. The study area act as a seed bank for native species and provide suitable conditions to endemic and certain endangered species. Diversity indices of the study area was found significant, in which the species abundance, richness and evenness were found. A total of 71 species belonging to 36 families of angiosperms were documented. Among which the Dicotyledons plants were 87.32% and monocotyledon plants were 12.67% of total flora reported. The study area was dominated by the family fabaceae (14.1%) with ten species. Habit wise classification of plants reveal that trees are predominant with 32%, followed by hers (25%), Shrubs (21%), Climbers (13%), undershrubs (6%) and grasses (3%). The Simpson Diversity Index, Shannon Wiener Index and evenness index of the study area is 0.777, 1.5634 and 0.8725 respectively. These plants was found with enormous benefits to the mankind such as medicinal, edible, timber, ornamental, oil and other sources. This investigation divulges that the Medavakkam Lake has substantial angiosperm diversity served as major source for native plants having greater economic importance.

The online social network clients are exposed to various weaknesses dangers deliberately by actualizing social designing systems. Cyber-Criminals are focusing on the social designing method regularly explore the climate of a client. Nonetheless, ebb and flow research centers around the specialized estimation of how to kill or forestall dangers totally in the online informal community climate. Along these lines, the online informal organization frameworks utilize pertinent models to make highlights for additional examination. Facebook, in the ongoing past, has buckled down and put intensely in creating calculations that can decide an up-and-coming digital assault dependent on client's conduct and qualities on the stage. Despite the fact that Facebook has done important specialized measures to limit dangers however much as could be expected, there is as yet a hole for additional examinations, which try to outfit the mechanized algorithmic forecast utilizing man-made consciousness to decide the chance of an assault or a danger. This exploration utilizes AI strategies to show how an AI-based calculation of the client's conduct attributes, insights, and human science feelings would help recognize highlights that further gotten extremely significant in deciding a person's weakness to social designing dangers and assaults. The point is to; fundamentally study the conventional viewpoint and never-ending viewpoint responses towards socially designed dangers day by day. This exploration utilizes a near examination of the speculations and the essential information discoveries to show that specific practices of Facebook clients are a danger to different clients. The outcomes have demonstrated how AI calculations work in distinguishing misleading messages and con artists through AI methods.

Tam Metin / Tez Bu tezde, Li-Fi sisteminde çoklu yolun veri iletimi üzerindeki etkileri iki şekilde incelenmiştir: MATLAB programı ile simülasyon ve Li-Fi sistemi tasarımı. İlk bölümde, verici ve alıcı arasında çoklu pozisyonlarda dört durum için sinyali gönderme ve alma durumu için parametreler hesaplanmıştır. Deneyler için tipik bir ortamı temsil eden bir oda belirlenmiştir ve görüş hattı (LOS) ve yansıyan sinyalleri (NLOS) takip eden sinyallerin etkisini belirlemek için simülasyon için MATLAB kullanılmıştır. LOS sinyali ile odanın dört duvarından yansıyan sinyaller arasındaki zaman gecikmesi, her bir durum için darbe süresi oranı ve bunun yapılabileceği maksimum veri hızı hesaplanarak belirlenmiştir. Bu simülasyonların sonuçları, Li-Fi sisteminin zaman gecikmesi, alınan sinyalin genliği, darbe süresi ve performansına etkisi üzerinden yansıyan sinyallerin alınan sinyali nasıl etkilediğini açıklamıştır. Maksimum OOK veri hızı veren bir sürede bir darbe yapılabilir. Verici ve alıcının en iyi konumu, maksimum veri hızı 105.93Mb/sn olan odanın merkezinde idi. İkinci bölüm, verici bölümündeki ana elemanları STM32F429 mikrokontrolör, transistör ve LED'ler ve alıcı bölümünde fototransistör ve OP-AMP AD848 elemanları kullanılarak Li-Fi sisteminin verici ve alıcısının tasarımıdır. Verici ve alıcı için sinyaller ölçülmüştür; yansıyan sinyallerin (NLOS) etkisini incelemek için iki ayna kullanılmıştır. Bu deneyin sonuçları, yansıyan sinyallerin (NLOS) alınan sinyalin genliğini artırarak alınan sinyali nasıl etkilediğini açıklamıştır. This thesis describes the effects of the multipath on data transmission over the Li-Fi system by two ways: they were by simulation by MATLAB program and design the Li-Fi system. First way was by calculating parameters for four cases of the sending and receiving signals between the transmitter and receiver in multiple positions. We set a room that represents a typical environment for our experiments, and use MATLAB for simulation to determine the effect of signals following direct line of sight (LOS) and reflected signals, or non-line of sight (NLOS). We determined the time delay between the LOS signal and the reflected signals from the four walls of the room with calculating the pulse duration rate for each case and maximum data rate that we can make it. The results of this simulation explained how the reflected signals affect the received signal by effected on the time delay, amplitude voltage of received signal, pulse duration and impact of the performance of the Li-Fi system. The LOS signal takes precedence over all reflected signals, but the last reflected signal causes extra time. So we could make a pulse in duration that giving maximum data rate of OOK. The best position of the transmitter and the receiver were in the center of the room that we can make maximum data rate 105.93 Mb/s.The second way was by design the transmitter and the receiver of the Li-Fi system by using the main elements in the transmitter section as the microcontroller STM32F429IDISCOVERY, transistor, LEDs and used the elements; phototransistor and OP-AMP AD848 in the receiver section,. The signals for the transmitter and the receiver were measured; we used two mirrors to study the effect of the reflected signals (NLOS). The results of this experiment explained how the reflected signals (NLOS) affect on the received signal through increasing the amplitude voltage received signal.

The fusion evaporation residue (ER) excitation function has been measured for $^{35,37}\mathrm{Cl}+^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ reactions at energies above the Coulomb barrier. The measurements were performed using the HYbrid Recoil mass Analyzer at IUAC, New Delhi. Comparable ER cross sections have been observed in both reactions and there is no isotopic dependence. Measured ER cross sections were compared with theoretical calculations employing the dinuclear system model at projectile and target nuclei interaction and statistical model for the deexcitation of the formed compound nucleus. Larger ER cross sections at the complete deexcitation cascade of the formed compound nucleus are noticed in both reactions at higher excitation energies $({E}^{*}g80 \mathrm{MeV})$ over the calculated results. Fusion probability varies from $95%$ to $40%$ in the excitation energy range of the study. No appreciable difference in the fusion probability is noticed in the two reactions. Comparison of our results with other reactions populating $^{216}\mathrm{Th}$ shows a very strong entrance channel dependence.

Video processing becomes one of the most popular and needed steps in machine leering. Todays, Cameras are installed in many places for many reasons including government services. One of the most applications for this concern is traffic police services. One of the main problems of using videos in machine learning application is the duration of the video; which is consuming time, paperwork and space in processing. This leads to increase the computation cost through a high number of frames. This paper proposes an algorithm to optimize videos duration using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) method for real accident video. The Histogram of Gradient (HoG) has been used to extract the features of the video frames, a scratch CNN has been designed and conducted on two common datasets; Stanford Dogs Dataset (SDD) and Vehicle Make and Model Recognition Dataset (VMMRdb) in addition to a local dataset that created for this research. The experimental work is done in two ways, the first is after applying GMM, the finding revealed that the number of frames in the dataset was decreased by nearly 51%. The second is comparing the accuracy and complexity of these datasets has been done. Whereas the experimental results of accuracy illustrated for the proposed CNN, 85% on the local dataset, 85% on SDD Dataset and 86% on VMMRdb Dataset. However, applying GoogleNet and AlexNet on the same datasets achieved 82%, 79%, 80

In this paper, we give some direct approximation results by modified Kantorovich–Szász type operators involving Charlier polynomials. Further, approximation results are also developed in polynomial weighted spaces. Moreover, for the functions of bounded variation, approximation results are proved. Finally, some graphical examples are provided to show comparisons of convergence between old and modified operators towards a function under different parameters and conditions.