Search

Real meat and plant-based meat analogues have different in vitro protein digestibility properties. This study aims to further explore their in vivo digestion and absorption and their effects on the gastrointestinal digestive function of mice. Compared with the real pork and beef, plant-based meat analogues significantly reduced the number of gastric parietal cells, the levels of gastrin/CCKBR, acetylcholine/AchR, Ca

Physical exercise refers to various physical exercises carried out through certain means and methods. Physical exercise can not only achieve the purpose of strengthening the body and health but also make people face challenges in physical and mental sports, and the resulting psychological satisfaction and excitement make exercisers happy physically and mentally. Physical activity has a certain appeal that makes it one of the most effective ways for modern people to alleviate mental illnesses. The human brain’s reaction time is linked to its thinking speed and intelligence. Regular physical activity can increase human brain cell reaction time and completely utilize human brain capacity, which is beneficial to the healthy development of human attention, memory, imagination, and thinking ability. Scientific and reasonable physical exercise is also an important means to improve people’s intelligence levels. Everyone’s physical health level is closely related to their mental health. A healthy mind comes from a healthy body. A large number of scientific studies have confirmed that reasonably arranging the contents and methods of physical exercise according to their own health level and psychological state cannot only enhance the physique of college students but also cultivate their excellent personality. Firstly, this paper summarizes the influence of physical exercise on mental health. The ways of employing physical exercise to improve and improve the mental health of college students are presented in this study. Then, this paper proposes a physical exercise intervention based on an improved neural network (NN), which has an impact on the mental health level of college students, and the effectiveness of this model is verified by simulation experiments.

In this paper, the mass loss test, relative dynamic elasticity modulus test, compressive strength test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were used to study the performance of cement-based materials with low water-binder ratio after sulfate attack, and the influence of microsilica dosage and erosion period on the performance was also investigated. The results indicate that the microsilica mixed can improve the macro-properties of cement-based material with low water-binder ratio after sulfate attack, and as the microsilica dosage is increased, the improvement effect tends to decrease after an increase, while the microsilica dosage is 15%, all performance indexes are the best. This study also demonstrates that the microsilica dosage could affect the mass percent and pore structure distribution of the hydration products of cement-based materials with low water-binder ratio after sulfate attack, and different pore structure distribution may have impact on compressive strength of cement-based materials. Besides, we established relation models for the influence of capillary pores’ and gel pores’ proportion on the compressive strength of cement-based material after sulfate attack, and concluded that there was no interaction between the impacts of two pore types on compressive strength.

Background: The high incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) are a severe challenge in China. In patients with stage III and high-risk stage II CRC after radical resection and postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, 40–60% experience recurrence and metastasis. Several years of clinical practice have shown that traditional Chinese medicine, including Jianpi Huatan granule (JHG), effectively prevents stage III and high-risk stage II CRC recurrence and metastasis after radical resection and postoperative standard adjuvant chemotherapy. However, high-level systematic plans and evidence-based medicine are lacking in this regard. Therefore, this randomised control trial aimes to determine the efficacy of JHG in reducing stage III and high-risk stage II CRC metastasis and recurrence after radical resection and postoperative standard adjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: This is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Three hundred and fifty patients with stage III or high-risk stage II CRC who completed adjuvant chemotherapy after radical resection will be recruited from eight medical centres in China and randomly assigned to test (n = 175) and control (n = 175) groups at a ratio of 1:1. The test group will receive oral JHG for 3 months, whereas the control group will receive oral placebo for 3 months. The primary outcomes will be the disease-free survival and 1-, 2-, and 3-years metastasis and recurrence rates, whereas the secondary outcomes will be quality of life and circulating tumour cells. The patients will be followed-up monthly during treatment and every 3–6 months thereafter until recurrence, metastasis, death, or the end of the study.Trial registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03716063).

In this letter, a new method based on the temperature dependence of gate leakage current for accurately characterizing thermal crosstalk is proposed and performed on the advanced silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs. The developed technique enables to capture the pure thermal crosstalk effect as it excludes the self-heating impact during the measurement. Moreover, it is proven robust over a large range of gate voltages regardless of the difference of device types, which is demonstrated on a pair of devices with a shared port. The accuracy of the thermal crosstalk measurement benefits in determining the overall thermal performance of the nano-scaled circuits under the mutual heating impacts. It offers a possible hardware solution to thermal monitor and management.

Wild birds play an important role in the emergence, evolution, and spread of zoonotic avian influenza viruses (AIVs). However, there are few studies on the cross-species transmission of the H3N8 AIV originating from wild birds. In this study, we investigated the transmissibility and pathogenicity of two H3N8 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) isolated from wild birds, GZA1 and XJ47, to mammals. The HA genes of both strains belonged to Eurasian isolates, while the other genes were derived from a variety of other subtypes of AIVs. Both strains can infect specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, BALB/c mice, and guinea pigs. The XJ47 strain spread horizontally in SPF chickens and guinea pigs. The GZA1 strain did not spread horizontally but caused higher weight loss and mild lung inflammation in mice. P12-GZA1- and P12-XJ47-adapted strains obtained after 12 passages in the lung of mice showed enhanced pathogenicity in mice, which led to obvious clinical symptoms, lung inflammation, and 100% death. Both adapted strains have the reported mutation T97I in the PA, and the reported mutation D701N in PB2 has been found in the P12-GZA1-adapted strain. This study provides an important scientific basis for the continuous monitoring of wild AIVs and the mechanism underlying AIV cross-species transmission.

Herein, a novel ternary nanocomposite AgCl/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 was successfully synthesized via sedimentation precipitation and ion exchange method. The photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared AgCl/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was investigated via photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), methylparaben (MPB) and inactivation of E. coli under visible light irradiation. The AgCl/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 composite presented the optimal photocatalytic performance, degrading almost 100% MB and 100% MPB, respectively. The excellent stability of AgCl/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 was also verified in the cycle operations; the degradation efficiency of MPB could still be maintained at 85.3% after five cycles of experiments. Moreover, the AgCl/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 composite displayed more superior photocatalytic inactivation efficiency with 100% removal of E. coli (7-log) in 20 min under visible light irradiation. The efficient photo-generated charge separation originated from a strong interaction in the intimate contact interface, which was confirmed by the results of photocurrent and EIS measurements. In addition, radical trapping experiments revealed that hole (h+) was the predominant active species in the photocatalytic system. Based on the experimental results, a photocatalytic mechanism for the degradation of parabens over AgCl/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 was also proposed. We believe that this work provides new insights into the multifunctional composite materials for the applications in solar photocatalytic degradation of harmful organic compounds and common pathogenic bacteria in wastewater.

Independent back bias in the ultrathin body and Box (UTBB) fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) serves as the critical knob for exploiting the performance and power tradeoffs and process/aging compensation. The effectiveness of back bias is one of the major metrics in the stages of circuit design and runtime feedback. In this article, new closed-form expressions accounting for the interface traps and short channel effects-dependent back gate capability in the UTBB FDSOI device are proposed. The developed model allows the accurate assessment of body factor ( $\gamma $ ) with the dependence of front/back interface trap density in the ultrascaled FDSOI device, taking the impact of gate area scaling as well as quantum effects into account. It also facilitates the evaluation of back bias effectiveness variability induced by interface traps and benefits the dynamic threshold voltage strategy in terms of adaptive back-biasing for performance optimization, which is consistent with 3-D device simulations and measurements. Moreover, the results confirm that $\gamma $ variability follows Pelgrom’s rule.

Background: This study aimed to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high immunoreactivity, sensitivity, and specificity for the chelate (Cr(III)-EDTA) of trivalent chromium ion (Cr(III)) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Further, the study established an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for detecting the total chromium content in food, feed, and environmental samples. Methods: Hapten Cr(III)-iEDTA was synthesized by chelating Cr(III) with isothiocyanatebenzyl-EDTA (iEDTA). Immunogen Cr(III)-iEDTA-BSA formed by chelating Cr(III)-iEDTA with bovine serum albumin (BSA), and coating antigen Cr(III)-iEDTA-OVA formed by chelating Cr(III)-iEDTA with ovalbumin (OVA) were prepared using the isothiocyanate method and identified by ultraviolet spectra (UV) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Balb/c mice were immunized with the Cr(III)-iEDTA-BSA, and the anti Cr(III)-EDTA mAb cell lines were screened by cell fusion. The Cr(III)-EDTA mAbs were prepared by induced ascites in vivo, and their immunological characteristics were assessed. Results: The immunogen Cr(III)-iEDTA-BSA was successfully synthesized, and the molecular binding ratio of Cr(III) to BSA was 15.48:1. Three hybridoma cell lines 2A3, 2A11, and 3D9 were screened, among which 2A3 was the best cell line. The 2A3 secreted antibody was stable after six passages, the affinity constant (Ka) was 2.69 × 109 L/mol, its 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of Cr(III)-EDTA was 8.64 μg/L, and it had no cross-reactivity (CR%) with other heavy metal ion chelates except for a slight CR with Fe(III)-EDTA (1.12%). An icELISA detection method for Cr(III)-EDTA was established, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 μg/L and a working range of 1.13 to 66.30 μg/L. The average spiked recovery intra-assay rates were 90% to 109.5%, while the average recovery inter-assay rates were 90.4% to 97.2%. The intra-and inter-assay coefficient of variations (CVs) were 11.5% to 12.6% and 11.1% to 12.7%, respectively. The preliminary application of the icELISA and the comparison with ICP-OES showed that the coincidence rate of the two methods was 100%, and the correlation coefficient was 0.987. Conclusions: The study successfully established an icELISA method that meets the requirements for detecting the Cr(III)-EDTA chelate content in food, feed, and environmental samples, based on Cr(III)-EDTA mAb, and carried out its preliminary practical application.

In this work, a facile one-step co-exfoliation method has been constructed to prepare the water-processable all-carbon composites (PG/GO) made of pristine graphene (PG) and graphene oxide (GO) using ultrasonic cell disruptor. The microstructure of the PG/GO composites can be conveniently controlled by varying the ultrasonic time and power. The morphology and structure of the PG/GO composites were characterized using UV-visible absorption spectra, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The application of these PG/GO composites to supercapacitor has been also explored. As a result, the PG/GO composites deliver more excellent electrochemical performance compared with most all-carbon composites reported. The composite synthesized under the optimized experimental condition (PG/GO10:1) exhibits a specific capacitance of 293.6 F g−1 at the scan rate of 10 mV s−1 and 326.3 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1, respectively. The cycling stability of these PG/GO composites is quite good. The specific capacitance of PG/GO10:1 increases with increasing the cycle number and even breaks through 126.9% of the initial value after 10,000 cycles at the scan rate of 100 mV s−1.

A new method using temperature dependent shared series resistance in a pair of devices with common drain configuration is proposed to measure self-heating (SH) in advanced MOSFETs. The proposed measurement technique depends on the intrinsic series resistance and is not limited to the spatial proximity between the heater and the sensor. The developed method demonstrated on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs reveals that the more accurate SH assessment can be obtained compared to other methods that are sensitive to the distance from heat source. Furthermore, the extraction of intrinsic series resistance allows to quantify the process-induced variability of the contact resistance.

Exosomes are an emerging therapeutic tool for the treatment of tissue injuries. In the present study, the protective effect of isolated exosomes from adipose‑derived stem cells (ADSCs‑exo) against hepatic ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) injury was explored. Hepatic I/R injury was achieved by inducing ischemia for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 2 and 6 h. Pre‑treatment with ADSCs‑exo revealed a significant reduction in necrosis and apoptosis in liver tissue induced by I/R injury. Hypoxic oxidative stress was managed by exosome‑mediated reduced reactive oxygen species and increased superoxide dismutase that in turn protected mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Reduction in inflammatory mediators such as IL‑1β and TNF‑α was also observed and protection of hepatocytes from I/R injury was evidenced by a significant decrease in biochemical markers of liver damage (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase). Exosomal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)‑mediated ERK1/2 and GSK‑3β phosphorylation were revealed to increase Bcl‑2 and decrease Bax expression with mitochondrial permeability transition pore‑inhibition which may be considered a prime mechanism of exosome‑mediated hepatoprotection. In conclusion, our results indicated that ADSCs‑exo pre‑treatment is effective in protecting liver I/R injury.

Down's syndrome (DS) is one of the most commonly known disorders with multiple congenital disabilities. Besides severe cognitive impairment and intellectual disability, individuals with DS also exhibit additional phenotypes of variable penetrance and severity, with one or more comorbid conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, congenital heart disease, or leukemia. Various vital genes and regulatory networks had been studied to reveal the pathogenesis of the disease. Nevertheless, very few studies have examined alternative splicing. Alternative splicing (AS) is a regulatory mechanism of gene expression when making one multi-exon protein-coding gene produce more than one unique mature mRNA. We employed the GeneChip Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 (HTA 2.0) for the global gene analysis with hiPSCs from DS and healthy individuals. Examining differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in these groups and focusing on specific transcripts with AS, 466 up-regulated and 722 down-regulated genes with AS events were identified. These genes were significantly enriched in biological processes, such as cell adhesion, cardiac muscle contraction, and immune response, through gene ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs. Candidate genes, such as FN1 were further explored for potentially playing a key role in DS. This study provides important insights into the potential role that AS plays in DS.

To explore the nutritional values of meat and meat analogues, the in vitro protein digestion of pork, beef, plant-based pork and beef were evaluated. In the gastric phase, the digestibility of pork was significantly higher than that of the plant-based pork, while the value of beef was lower than that of the plant-based beef. In the intestinal phase, both pork and beef showed higher digestibility than plant-based meat analogues. A greater number of small molecular peptides were identified from pork and beef than from plant-based meat after gastrointestinal digestion. Larger quantities of potential bioactive peptides were released from the meat than from the plant-based meat analogues during digestion. These differences were closely related to protein secondary structure, the formation of disulfide bonds and apparent viscosity of digestion solution. The findings give a new insight into the underlying mechanisms of the different phenotype responses of consumers to meat and plant-based meat.

As a promising new generation of nonvolatile memory, HfO2-based resistive random-access memory (RRAM) has attracted extensive research. However, the problem of data retention has prevented its industrial production as embedded memory. In this paper, from the microscopic understanding, a Monte Carlo simulator is developed to investigate the effects of an oxygen reservoir layer (ORL) on the resistance instability of HfO2-based RRAM. The evolution of conductive filaments (CF) during the retention degradation is visualized by our simulation considering the physical mechanisms of oxygen ions absorbed and released by the ORL. The simulation results are further validated with experiments to provide the prediction of retention performance of RRAMs with different ORLs and operation schemes.

Pseudomonas spp. have emerged as the main spoilage bacteria, with many strains easily forming biofilms on food-contact surfaces and causing cross-contamination. The efficacy of disinfectants against bacteria is usually tested with planktonic cells; however, the disinfection tolerance of biofilms, especially detached biofilms, remains unknown. Here, we investigated the tolerance responses of detached and adhered biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens to acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) by determining tolerance responses by plate counting, comparing them using a Weibull model, and verifying changes in bacterial morphology by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental data and the responses calculated using Weibull a (scale) and b (shape) parameters agreed well (R2 values: 0.974–0.999), and we found that AEW exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against P. fluorescens, with adhered biofilms were more resistant than detached biofilms and planktonic cells. Additionally, AEW increased the bacterial membrane permeability and decreased the membrane potential, intracellular ATP concentrations, and intracellular pH while also triggering the disruption of extracellular polymeric substances. These results demonstrated that the morphophysiological responses of detached and adhered biofilms differed significantly and provided information on disinfectant-resistance strategies potentially beneficial to the development of novel disinfection approaches.

Various food-related stress and intracellular regulators have been previously demonstrated the influence on enterotoxin genes expression, detail information about specific meat nutritional factors promoting enterotoxin genes expression via intracellular regulators still remain unclear. In this study, protein and vitamin B2 as representative nutrients of chicken meat were employed for this preliminary exploration, supplement of protein or vitamin B2 for TSB medium was performed as cultivation in vitro to mimic the contents of protein or vitamin B2 of chicken meat respectively, cell population, virulence regulators and enterotoxin genes expression were determined so as to seek the potential relationship. As a result, there were no significant influences of protein and vitamin B2 on cell growth for four enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains, however, various genetic expressing trends were observed within growth cycle, in general, with the comparison of protein and TSB groups, vitamin B2 had universally significant promotion on seb, sec and sed expression, and different strains exhibited varied regulatory preference for enterotoxin genes expression. These results indicated that vitamin B2 is a critical nutritional factor of meat promote enterotoxin genes expression, furthermore, it would provide a new insight into repressing enterotoxin genes expression on the aspect of extracellular nutritional factor.

As a novel broad-spectrum disinfectant, acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) has been widely used, but it is generated on-site for one-time used and usually not stored. but “producing once for using once” is not a convenient mode for industrial application. This study focused on modeling the degradation of the available chlorine concentration (ACC) of AEW during storage and its ability to disinfect a dual-species biofilm formed by Salmonella Enteritidis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results showed that temperature had no significant effect on the ACC, while the ACC gradually decreased with time. The degradation process of the ACC could be fitted very well using the Weibull model. Dual-species biofilms comprising S. Enteritidis and P. fluorescens were inactivated by 20 and 40 mg/L AEW. The number of viable cells on stainless steel gradually decreased as the treatment time increased. Immersion for 10 and 30 min led to > 2 log CFU/cm2 and 4.5 log CFU/cm2 in decrease of the cells in dual-species biofilms when treated with 20 and 40 mg/L AEW, respectively. In addition, the dual-species biofilm displayed more resistance than the single-species biofilm. The findings presented herein could provide useful information for the application of AEW in food processing environments.

e16084 Background: The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) after chemotherapy and targeted therapy has altered the treatment pattern of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, using ICIs alone results in a poor response rate. Fortunately, fundamental research indicates that chemotherapy might trigger immunogenic death of tumor cells by releasing tumor antigens, hence eliminating immune system repression of tumor cells. On this basis, a number of clinical studies, including KEYNOTE-590, CheckmMate-648, ORIENT-15, and ESCORT-1st, on the first-line treatment of ESCC with ICIs coupled with chemotherapy, including fluorouracil or taxol and platinum (PF or TP), were conducted and yielded favorable results. However, the advantage of safety and effectiveness of ICIs combination with PF and TP in Chinese ESCC remains unknown. Furthermore, since the southeast part of Shanxi province has a high prevalence of esophageal cancer, the geographical features of ESCC patients will be examined. Methods: Camrelizumab was maintained after 6 cycles of camrelizumab in combination with PF or TP chemotherapy. From May 2020 to February 2022, our study has included 40 locally progressed and advanced ESCC patients. Camrelizumab was administered in combination with PF to 11 patients and TP to 29 patients. Every 6 weeks, efficacy was examined using RECIST 1.1, and 33 patients were evaluated. This research was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2000037942). Results: The median treatment time was 5.8m. 82.5% (33/40) patients were availably evaluated. The objective response rate (ORR) was 72.7% (24/33) and the disease control rate (DCR) was 97.0% (32/33). There is no statistically significant difference in ORR ( p=0.1779) and DCR ( p=0.1005) between PF and TP (55.6% vs 79.2%, 88.9% vs 100%) regimens. At this moment, mPFS has not been achieved. The most common adverse events (AEs) were anemia (22.5%, 9/40), lymphocytopenia (15%, 6/40), neutropenia(15%, 6/40), reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP) (12.5%, 5/40) and fatigue (7.5%, 3/40). Thrombocytopenia (2.5%, 1/40), neutropenia (2.5%, 1/40) and leukopenia (2.5%, 1/40) were the most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities The most frequently reported immune-related AEs were RCCEP (12.5%, 5/40) and hypothyroidism (7.5%, 3/40). There were no new significant adverse events. Conclusions: Camrelizumab in combination with chemotherapy is a promising regimen with good tolerability in the first-line treatment of ESCC. Compared with FP, TP had more therapeutic advantages, But the result is a stage summary, and further observation is needed. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2000037942. [Table: see text]

3147 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have opened a new chapter in cancer therapy, but the incidence of irAEs caused by them is high, and severe irAEs can be fatal. The current research on irAEs is almost focused on early predictions, and there is a lack of near-term predictions (the cycle before the occurrence of irAEs). Absolute eosinophil count (EO#) has been reported to be associated with immune-related pneumonia, but its association with other systemic irAEs requires further exploration. The aim of this study was to explore the near-term predictive value of neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), and EO# for PD-1 inhibitor-induced irAEs. Methods: The data are from tumor patients who received PD-1 inhibitor therapy in our department from July 2019 to May 2021. A total of 146 cases were included, of which 56 had irAEs. The data of NLR, PLR and EO# in the cycle before the occurrence of irAEs (the median number of cycles was the second cycle) were collected, and the data of the second cycle was used as the control for patients without irAEs group. Logistic method was used to analyze the correlation between NLR, PLR and EO# and irAEs, and a predictive model was constructed. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were evaluated by ROC curve. This study was registered on Chinese Clinical Trail Registry (ChiCTR2100049849). Results: A total of 146 tumor patients were included, of which 56 developed at least one irAEs. Grade 1-2 irAEs occurred in 39 cases, grade 3-4 in 12 cases (including cardiac, liver, lung and skin toxicity), grade 5 in 2 cases(including cardiac and lung toxicity), and ungraded in 3 cases. The data of the cycle before the occurrence of irAEs were analyzed. Univariate analysis showed that NLR (odds ratio [OR], 1.4, p< 0.05) and EO# (OR, 12.6, p< 0.05) were associated with irAEs, and multivariate analysis suggested NLR (OR, 1.7, p< 0.001) and EO# (OR, 20.4, p< 0.05) were independent risk factors for irAEs. The prediction model composed of NLR, PLR and EO# had a correct rate of 76.7% (AUC = 0.752) in predicting the occurrence of irAEs in the near-term cycle, with a sensitivity of 51.8% and a specificity of 92.2%; the correct rate of predicting irAEs of grade 3 and above was as high as 91.9% (AUC = 0.778), the sensitivity was 14.3% and the specificity was 99.2%. Conclusions: The model composed of NLR, PLR and EO# may predict the occurrence of irAEs in the near-term cycle, especially the prediction of irAEs above grade 3, which can provide early warning for the occurrence of irAEs. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2100049849.

Herein, a novel ternary nanocomposite AgCl/Ag

Meat consumption is gradually increasing and its impact on health has attracted widespread attention, resulting in epidemiological studies proposing a reduction in meat and processed meat intake. This review briefly summarizes recent advances in understanding the effects of meat or processed meat on human health, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Meat consumption varies widely among individuals, populations, and regions, with higher consumption in developed countries than in developing countries. However, increasing meat consumption may not be the main cause of increasing incidence of chronic disease, since the development of chronic disease is a complex physiological process that involves many factors, including excessive total energy intake and changes in food digestion processes, gut microbiota composition, and liver metabolism. In comparison, unhealthy dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle with decreasing energy expenditure are factors more worthy of reflection. Meat and meat products provide high-value protein and many key essential micronutrients. In short, as long as excessive intake and overprocessing of meats are avoided, meat remains an indispensable source of nutrition for human health.

Vermicomposting is a feasible method for disposing of lignocellulosic waste while generating a useful product. The current study assessed the potential of vermicomposting green waste mixed with sugarcane bagasse in proportions of 25%, 50%, and 75% (v:v, based on dry weight). The suitability was evaluated based on the agrochemical properties, earthworm biomass, and phytotoxicity. The final vermicomposts exhibited near-neutral pH values (7.1–7.6), and lower EC values (0.43–0.72 mS/cm) and C:N ratios (14.1–19.9).The content of available nutrients and CEC for all the vermicomposts exceeded those of the control compost (without earthworms). For vermicomposts, the average values of NO3−-N, AP, AK, and CEC were 53, 517, 1362 mg/kg, and 158 cmol/kg, respectively. The total contents of heavy metals increased in all vermicompost treatments compared to control composts with the following average final percentages: Zn (2.0%), Cr (15.5%), Pb (23.4%), and Cu (44.3%), but these amounts were safe for application in agroforestry. The addition of sugarcane bagasse to green waste significantly increased the content of total humic substance, humic acid and urease activity, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity, and Eisenia fetida reproduction. The addition of 25% sugarcane bagasse to green waste decreased the toxicity to germinating seeds. These results revealed that vermicomposting is a feasible way to degrade green waste into a value-added chemical product.

Aggressively scaled devices with high power density wrapped around the low thermal conductivity material in narrow space are susceptible to self-heating effect, which includes serious mutual-heating due to proximity effect in multifinger/fin FETs. Obtaining local temperature instead of equivalent lumped temperature at device/circuit level quickly is crucial for designers to accurately predict front-end-of-line reliability (i.e., hot carrier injection, bias temperature instability, and time dependent dielectric breakdown) and achieve better thermal management. In this paper, we: 1) first propose an analytical model based on multistage thermal network to address effectively the self- and mutual-heating within the device; 2) validate the multistage network and proposed analytical model by COMSOL and SPICE simulation, respectively; and 3) utilize the model to investigate local temperature rise in multifinger and multifin FETs-based inverter and ring oscillator as well as provide thermal-aware IC design guideline for self-heating and reliability optimization. The results show that the analytical multistage thermal model can predict local temperature rise and quantify nonuniform temperature difference in full-frequency range, superior to the lumped thermal model. Moreover, the model can offer quick thermal analysis at the pre-Si stage for reliability prediction and thermal-aware design.

Microorganism biofilms can form on food-contact surfaces and lead to cross-contamination of bacteria during food processing. The dynamics of biofilm formation by Pseudomonas fluorescens associated with meat spoilage and the resistance of established biofilm to four disinfectants were investigated in this study. The results indicated that more than 4.5 log CFU/cm2 of P. fluorescens were transferred to a stainless-steel surface under short-term (5 h) scenario, and bacteria transfer occurred even after only 10 min exposure. A mature biofilm was discovered after 5 days of incubation under long-term (7 days) scenario. The biofilm was characterized by more than 9.5 log CFU/cm2 cells, 120 μm thick and a large amount of extracellular polymeric substances. Observation of mature biofilm were further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and attenuated total reflection fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. The established biofilm showed distinct resistance to four disinfectants, namely sodium hypochlorite (SH), chlorine dioxide (CD), slightly acidic electrolyzed water (sAEW) and acidic electrolyzed water (AEW). The cells reduction was significant dependent on the concentrations, almost 8.0 log CFU/cm2 of biofilm cells were reduced by 40 mg/L AEW and 200 mg/L SH treatment for 30 min, below the detection limit (1.32 log CFU/cm2). However, less than 3 log CFU/cm2 reduction of biofilm cells were obtained after treatment with 40 mg/L sAEW and 20 mg/L CD for 30 min, remaining large numbers of biofilm survival. Meanwhile, the cells reduction was time-dependent, and the numbers of surviving cells rapid declined along with increasing time, but there was no additional log reduction when treatment of 20 mg/L CD was increased from 15 to 30 min. The finding suggested that AEW has great potential to be used as an environmentally friendly intervention alternative for the elimination of P. fluorescens biofilm, substituting for the traditional sodium hypochlorite in the food industry.

An efficient variability- and reliability-aware methodology is proposed to achieve the device-circuit co-design and is demonstrated on Nanosheet (NS) FETs based circuits. The main features include: (i) The single trap impact mapping (STIM) method links the charge distributions to the time-dependent variability and reliability. (ii) A trap behavior-based 3D-Kinetic Monte Carlo simulator is developed to capture the statistical charge distributions in the gate dielectric under different stress conditions in the presence of time-zero variations. (iii) A database which includes ΔV th , ΔSS and its correlation under various device degradation probabilities (DP) and thermal stress ratios (TSR) is set up, significantly reducing the device simulation time. (iv) A variation-aware model based on the database is proposed to predict the time-dependent delay degradation and potential critical paths in the digital circuits coupled with self-heating at arbitrary operating conditions.

Vermicomposting is a promising method for reusing urban green waste. However, high lignin content in the green waste could hinder the development of earthworm and microorganisms and the vermicomposting process, resulting in a low-quality vermicompost product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bamboo biochar addition (at 0%, 3%, and 6% on a dry w/w basis) on the activity of Eisenia fetida and the obtained vermicompost. Biochar addition increased (P 0.05) earthworm biomass, juvenile and cocoon numbers of Eisenia fetida, as well as the activities of dehydrogenase, cellulase, urease and alkaline phosphatase. Compared to the control, lignin degradation rate was enhanced up to 13.89% by biochar addition. Biochar addition also improved the vermicompost quality in terms of cation exchange capacity (CEC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) degradation, humification, nitrogen transformation, toxicity to germinating seeds (Brassica rapa L., Chinensis group) and heavy metals concentrations. The 6% bamboo biochar addition rate achieved maturity after 60 days of vermicomposting and resulted in the highest quality vermicompost based on parameters such as CEC, DOC, NH

Non-planar device structures such as FinFETs are widely used in advanced CMOS technology, the non-planar structures with confined narrow channel region and the low thermal conductivity of materials will prevent heat dissipation, resulting in a localized lattice temperature rise, named self-heating effect (SHE) [1]–[3]. The SHE not only causes transistors' and circuits' performance varability and degradation but also exacerbates degradation of transistors' reliability and leading to the reduction of circuit's lifetime, which becomes a significant challenge to device engineers and circuit designers [4]–[6]. Thus, the self-heating effect is one of the important issues in the semiconductor industry. For device optimization and circuit design, it is necessary to capture self-heating induced statistical variability and reliability during circuit operation. Normally, the worst-case analysis for SHE at device and circuit level is used to provide a thermal-aware design guide, however, it may cause an inaccurate estimation as self-heating can be different in actual circuit operation.

With technology node scaling down to 5 nm, the narrow device geometry confines the material thermal conductivity and further aggravates the self-heating effect in gate-all-around (GAA) transistors. In this paper, we investigate the self-heating of horizontally stacked three-layer GAA nanosheet transistors by 3-D finite-element modeling (FEM) simulation. The anisotropic thermal conductivity of nanosheets with the dependence of silicon thickness and temperature is implemented in the FEM simulator to evaluate thermal behavior accurately. The impact of layout design on thermal properties is investigated comprehensively from single device to device arrays with implication on electrical performance. The results indicate that the width of nanosheet is the key parameter to make the tradeoffs between self-heating and electrical characteristic. Meanwhile, the optimizations of layout design are given to suppress the thermal effects, including self-heating, nonuniformity of temperature, and thermal crosstalk at device level. This paper will provide guidelines for layout design, thermal management, device performance, and thermal-aware reliability prediction in the GAA-stacked structure.

This research evaluated green waste compost (GWC) and green waste vermicompost (GWV) as peat substitutes in growing media used for the production of geranium (Pelargonium zonale L.) and calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Five growing media were prepared: 100% Peat (P), 50% Peat + 50% GWC (PC), 100% GWC (C), 50% Peat + 50% GWV (PV), and 100% GWV (V). Geranium and calendula seedlings were transplanted into each medium and were grown under commercial nursery conditions for 6 months, i.e., until they attained commercial size. The higher percentage of GWC and GWV in the growing medium could increase bulk density and air space; decrease total pore space and water-filled porosity; and increase pH, electrical conductivity, and macro- and microelement contents. The heavy metal contents of all growing media were within safe ranges. Particle-size distribution and fertility were superior in the vermicompost-based media than in the compost-based media. Geranium growth was reduced in media containing GWC (C and PC). Calendula growth in compost-based growing media was similar to or greater than growth in pure peat. Geranium and calendula growth and flowering were superior in all vermicompost-based media (PV and V) than in the control medium (P). These results indicate that GWV is better than GVC as a partial substitute for peat in the cultivation of geranium and calendula.

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a widely used thermoplastics in 3D printing. However, there is a lack of thorough investigation of the mechanical properties of 3D-printed ABS components, including orientation-dependent tensile strength and creep fatigue properties. In this work, a systematic characterization is conducted on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed ABS components. Specifically, the effect of printing orientation on the tensile and creep properties is investigated. The results show that, in tensile tests, the 0° printing orientation has the highest Young’s modulus of 1.81 GPa, and ultimate strength of 224 MPa. In the creep test, the 90° printing orientation has the lowest k value of 0.2 in the plastics creep model, suggesting 90° is the most creep resistant direction. In the fatigue test, the average cycle number under load of 30 N is 3796 cycles. The average cycle number decreases to 128 cycles when the load is 60 N. Using the Paris law, with an estimated crack size of 0.75 mm, and stress intensity factor is varied from 352 to 700 $$N\sqrt m$$ , the derived fatigue crack growth rate is 0.0341 mm/cycle. This study provides important mechanical property data that is useful for applying 3D-printed ABS in engineering applications.

The selection of broilers for augmented growth rate and breast has brought about wooden-breast (WB) muscle abnormalities, which caused substantial economic losses. The objective of this study was to compare water holding capacity, water mobility and distribution, salt-soluble protein (SSP) content, and protein profiles of normal and WB chicken meat with different additions of NaCl. Thirty WB and 30 normal chicken breasts were selected from a deboning line of a major Chinese processing plant at 2 to 3 h post mortem. Two different meat batters were formulated to 150 mg/g meat protein and different NaCl contents (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%). Results indicated that as NaCl contents increased, the cooking loss of meat batters decreased (P < 0.05). Increasing the NaCl content to 3% or more increased the solubility of myofibrillar protein and the extraction of SSPs, which resulted in the improving of cooking yield. Over a range of salt concentrations, normal and WB meat showed different protein profiles, with myosin heavy chain exhibiting a higher intensity at ≥3% salt level. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR)revealed an increased T22 and higher P22 in raw WB meat compared to normal meat (P < 0.05). Regarding the meat batters, WB meat batters had reduced T21 and lower immobilized water proportions at low NaCl contents (

Salidroside (Sal) is a natural antioxidant that elicits cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro; however, its impact on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of salidroside against segmental (70%) warm hepatic I/R injury in rats. Animals were randomized into Sham, Sham+salidroside pretreatment (Sal), Sham+Sal+carboxyatractyloside (CATR), Sham+CATR, I/R, I/R+Sal, I/R+Sal+CATR and I/R+CATR groups. The hepatic artery, left portal vein and median liver lobes were occluded for 60min and then unclamped to allow reperfusion. Pretreatment with salidroside (20mg/kg/day for 7 days, intraperitoneally) significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (sAST) levels after 6h and 24h of reperfusion and protected the liver against I/R-induced injury. However, this protective effect could be reversed by CATR, a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opener (5mg/kg 30min before I/R insult, intraperitoneally). Mechanistic studies have revealed that salidroside inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) activity and enhances the NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidant response by activating the Akt signaling pathway, thereby reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, increasing MPTP resistance and preventing apoptosis by suppressing cytochrome c release and caspase activation during reperfusion. Therefore, salidroside ameliorates hepatocyte death and apoptosis through activation of the GSK-3β/Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and subsequent MPTP inhibition. These results provide experimental evidence supporting the clinical use of salidroside for hepatoprotection in surgical settings.

Summary This study investigated the effects of salt content (0–4%) on water holding capacity (WHC), textural characteristics, rheological properties, and microstructure of cooked normal (NOR) and wooden breast (WB) chicken meat batters. Results indicated with 0–2% salt addition, the WB batters had significantly lower WHC and storage modulus (G’) compared with the NORs (P