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ÖsszefoglalásA melanoma sebészete az elmúlt években jelentősen átalakult. A nagy radikalitású, sok szövődménnyel járó műtéteket, melyek mellett a teljes és betegségmentes túlélés is alacsony maradt, fokozatosan felváltották a kisebb radikalitású műtétek. Az új szisztémás kezelések (célzott és immuno-onkológiai) adjuváns indikációban történő bevezetésével bizonyos műtétek, mint az elektív blokkdisszekciók, ma már kiszorultak a sebészi kezelésekből és a sebészet szerepe is átértékelődött. Változott a primér tumor eltávolítás sebészete, a reexcízió kivitelezése, őrszemnyirokcsomó biopszia és nyirokrégiók sebészete, a bőr és távoli áttétek sebészeti ellátása. Jelen összefoglaló közleményben a szerzők a nemzetközi irodalom és saját gyakorlatuk alapján nyújtanak áttekintést a melanoma malignum jelenleg elfogadott sebészeti terápiájáról.

Purpose: Hydration is essential for health; however, long-term care (LTC) residents consume less fluid than is recommended, which may contribute to dehydration. Residents who drink thickened liquids likely consume even less than peers. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (a) determine if LTC residents who drink thickened liquids consume less fluid compared to those consuming thin liquids and (b) determine factors associated with fluid intake of residents who drink thickened liquids. Method: Participants who drank thickened liquids ( n = 68) were compared with participants who drank thin liquids ( n = 68). Fluid intake, cognition, diet prescription, and mealtime challenges were compared between groups. A stepwise multiple regression model assessed variables associated with fluid intake of residents who consumed thickened fluids. Results: All participants consumed less than recommended fluid volumes. No statistically significant difference was found in fluid intake between groups; however, the group consuming thickened liquids drank less than those consuming thin liquids. The thickened liquid group was also more likely to eat a modified diet, had higher levels of cognitive impairment, and had more mealtime challenges requiring more assistance. As age increased, thickened liquid intake decreased across study participants. Conclusion: These results highlight the need for interventions in LTC to support fluid intake in this vulnerable population.

The Hungarian Playwrights' Association was founded on 7 January, 1904, with the aim of providing moral and financial protection to theatre authors and the developing Hungarian stage. In its first incarnation it lasted until March 1919, and was subsequently re-established in December 1920. Like so many associations at that time, the Association was dissolved by ministerial decree on 8 December, 1950. The legal situation of playwrights at the time, along with the lack of adequate representation of their interests, prompted the Hungarian cultural sector to protect their rights by setting up an appropriate body of self-representation, following the examples of foreign countries. The association is of great importance in the history of the self-organisation and interest representation of Hungarian artists, as it was the first such independent Hungarian representative body.

ZusammenfassungDas Dermatoskop wurde ursprünglich in der Dermatologie eingesetzt, um zwischen pigmentierten und nicht pigmentierten, gut- und bösartigen Tumoren zu unterscheiden. In den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten hat sich der Anwendungsbereich der Technik jedoch erweitert, und diese Untersuchungsmethode hat bei der Diagnose von Nichttumorerkrankungen, insbesondere von entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen, zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Bei der Beurteilung allgemeiner entzündlicher Hauterkrankungen wird empfohlen, nach der klinischen Untersuchung eine dermatoskopische Untersuchung durchzuführen. In der folgenden Zusammenfassung beschreiben die Autoren die dermatoskopischen Merkmale der einzelnen entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen. Zu den detaillierten Parametern gehören die Gefäßstruktur, die Farbe, die Schuppung, das Follikelmuster und das mit jeder Krankheit verbundene spezifische Muster.

AbsztraktJászfényszaru-Szeméttelep 1. egy felső paleolit lelőhely a Jászságban, amit Jászfényszaru határában fedeztek fel egy teljes felületű feltárás során. A lelőhelyen főleg szarmata és honfoglalás kori jelenségek kerültek elő, de egy kis felső paleolitikumra keltezhető leletanyagot is azonosítottak, amely Korai Epigravettien jellegzetességeket mutat. A leletanyag a Kárpát-medence utolsó glaciális korú emberi megtelepüléseinek jobb megértéséhez járul hozzá.Jászfényszaru-Szeméttelep 1 is a new Upper Palaeolithic site in the Jászság region of Hungary in the Northern Great Hungarian Plain. The site was occupied mainly during the Sarmatian and Hungarian Conquest Period, but a small assemblage of Upper Palaeolithic finds was also identified, which can be related with the Early Epigravettian. Our research contributes to the better understanding of the Carpathian Basin's human occupations during the Last Glacial Maximum.

Bevezetés: Az acromegalia egy krónikus endokrin betegség: ilyenkor egy, az agyalapi mirigyben lévő tumor következtében felnőttkorban jelentős mennyiségű humán növekedési hormon és következményesen inzulinszerű növekedési faktor termelődik, aminek kezeletlenül jelentős hatása lehet a cardiovascularis rendszerre. Tudjuk, hogy az elit sport szintén együtt jár a szív fiziológiás átalakulásával, az ún. atlétaszív kialakulásával: ilyenkor a szív üregeinek volumetrikus és funkcionális adaptációja figyelhető meg. Célkitűzés: A fenti tényeknek megfelelően joggal adódhat a kérdés, vajon milyen eltérések figyelhetők meg a bal kamra morfológiájában és funkciójában acromegaliában, és a kapott eredmények milyen hasonlóságokat és különbségeket mutatnak élsportot űző fiatalok bal kamrájához képest egészséges, nem sportoló felnőttek értékeihez viszonyítva. Módszer: A jelen vizsgálatba 21, nagy dinamikájú sportot űző élsportolót (átlagéletkor: 31,2 ± 6,4 év, 13 férfi) és 18, acromegaliás beteget (átlagéletkor: 47,9 ± 8,9 év, 9 férfi) válogattunk be. Eredményeiket 22 negatívkontroll-esethez (átlagéletkor: 47,7 ± 10,6 év, 13 férfi) hasonlítottuk. Eredmények: Mind az élsportolókra, mind a kezelt acromegaliás betegekre jellemző, hogy bal kamrájuk tágult, de annak funkciója megtartott. Míg az élsportolókat az egészséges kontrollokhoz képest emelkedettebb longitudinális és circumferentialis bal kamrai strain jellemzi, mely elsősorban az apicalis szegmentumok kifejezett kontraktilitásának következménye, addig acromegaliában a radiális bal kamrai strain növekedése detektálható, mely a basalis régiót érinti. A bal kamrai rotációs mechanika eltérései szintén eltérő mintázatot mutatnak: míg élsportolókban a basalis bal kamrai rotáció csökkent, addig az acromegaliát az apicalis bal kamrai rotáció kifejezett mérséklődése jellemzi, mely együtt jár a bal kamrai csavarodás lényeges csökkenésével. Következtetés: A nagy dinamikájú sportot űző élsportolókban és acromegaliás betegekben a nem sportoló egészséges személyekhez képest a bal kamra tágult, elsősorban regionális szinten kontraktilitása kifejezettebb, rotációs mechanikája eltéréseket mutat, de különbségek igazolhatók ezen eltérések jellegében és mértékében. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(8): 308–316.

The study emphasizes personality development, the development of students' emotional intelligence, the facilitation of learning (the creation of an atmosphere that stimulates learning), when it seeks the answer to "how, when why a student learns and how learning looks and feels from the inside". Research conducted among the students at the Milton Friedman University will be presented, regarding how they think about motivation, how their personality traits influence their learning activities, what their learning strategy is and based on all this, how they evaluate the methodological base of teaching tools that support their learning

Our paper introduces new reconstruction techniques of real-life critical road traffic accidents focusing on highly automated functions. The investigation method presented here focuses on the effect of relevant control parameters and environmental factors following the concept of sensitivity analysis. Two reconstruction tools are applied, the choice depending on the relevant causal factor of the accidents. Our measurement proves that the technical parameters of the control process, like time to collision or braking pressure that affects user satisfaction directly, can significantly influence the probability of accident occurrence. Thus, it is reasonable to consider safety with an increased weight compared to the user experience when identifying these parameters’ values. On the other hand, the effects of the investigated environmental factors were also found to be significant. Accordingly, future ADAS applications need to consider the change of environmental factors in the case of increased risk level, and driver-mode should be adapted to the new situation.

The SME sector is the engine of the Hungarian manufacturing industry, and its development is a central issue. The digitisation “compulsion” is present in society and industrial production. With this in mind, the customised application of Industry 4.0 solutions can become the driving force behind company development. Recently, industrial production has had to confront the pandemic, the war and the consequent energy crisis. The present study summarises the detailed development plans created during the Hungarian GINOP 1.1.3 research project. It also concludes and establishes hypotheses from the data and information contained therein. We thank IVSZ (The Association of IT Companies) for consenting to our data analysis. One hypothesis the present study proposes is that from the perspective of Industry 4.0 implementation for companies, the degree of organisation is more important than industry affiliation.

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the deadliest subtype of ovarian cancer, and most patients do not survive more than 5 years after diagnosis. Yet, for reasons that are often elusive, approximately 15% of women with advanced-stage HGSOC will survive longer than 10 years. An understanding of the biological basis of long-term survival with HGSOC may elucidate novel prognostic factors and targets for treatment. Past analyses of the clinicopathologic features of these women and genetic profiles of their tumors have not revealed a unifying explanation for their increased longevity. In this issue of Cancer Research, Ferri-Borgogno and colleagues investigate the tumor microenvironment (TME) in samples from both long- and short-term survivors using spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing. They found that, in metastatic tumors, various populations of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) in the TME play different roles in supporting the malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer cells. Higher density of CAFs, particularly αSMA+VIM+PDGFRβ+ CAFs, was associated with lower tumor immune infiltration and short-term survival. There was also marked expression of periostin and CD36 in spatially resolved CAFs, as well as a prevalence of the APOE-LRP5 ligand-receptor pair at the tumor-stromal interface in tissue from short-term survivors. These findings suggest that, in short-term survivors, CAFs are able to more effectively promote tumorigenicity, stemness, and chemoresistance in the nearby tumor. See related article by Ferri-Borgogno et al., p. 1503

New plant trait measurements collected during the field sampling in Pannonian sandy grasslands in Hungary and Serbia are presented. Selected traits include canopy height, leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC). The leaf area measurement procedures of overlapping, 3-dimensional or otherwise difficult-to-measure leaves and shoots are described in details.

The results of isotope identification of nuclear materials (232Th, 235U, 238U, 239Pu) packed in hermetic stainless steel containers by their stimulated delayed gamma radiation are presented. The ratios of the values of the time dependences of the intensity of gamma radiation of the light and heavy product of their photofission were used for the analysis. Gamma radiation from photofission products 89Rb (1031.9; 1248.1 keV) and 138Cs (1009.8; 1436.8; 2218.0; 2639.6 keV) was used to differentiate nuclear materials. The photofission reaction the samples of nuclear materials was stimulated on an electron accelerator, an M-30 microtron, at maximum bremsstrahlung energy of 12.5 MeV. The possibility of carrying out isotopic identification of nuclear materials using the following sets of ratios of the values of the time dependences of the gamma-line intensity has been demonstrated: X(1031.9)/X(2639.6), X(1248.1)/X(1009.8), X(1248.1)/X(1436.8), X(1248.1)/X(2218.0), X(1248.1)/X(2639.6).

Bevezetés: Számos kutatási eredmény igazolja, hogy a diabetes mellitus kialakulásában és lefolyásában a pszichológiai tényezőknek is jelentős szerepük van. Célkitűzés: Kutatásunk középpontjában, hazai mintán az elsők között, a 2-es típusú diabetesszel élők depresszió- és szorongásszintjének és diabetesspecifikus életminőségének vizsgálata, valamint a nemi eltérések feltárása állt, továbbá elemeztük a depresszió és a szorongás kapcsolatát a diabetesspecifikus életminőséggel. Módszer: 157 fő, 2-es típusú diabetesszel diagnosztizált személy (nők: 58,6%, férfiak: 40,1%). depresszió- (a „10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale” magyar változata), szorongás- (Spielberger Vonásszorongás Kérdőív) és diabetesspecifikus életminőségszintjét (az „Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life” magyar változata) vizsgáltuk. Eredmények: A vizsgálati személyek 65%-ában depresszív tünetek nem mutatkoztak, 56,1%-ukban azonban közepes vonásszorongás volt kimutatható. Súlyosabb depressziós tünetek (U = 1625, pMegbeszélés: A 2-es típusú cukorbetegek depresszív tünetei és szorongásra való hajlama fordított irányú kapcsolatban áll a betegek diabetesspecifikus életminőségével. A cukorbeteg nők depresszió- és szorongásszintje magasabb a férfi diabetesesekhez képest. Következtetés: A cukorbetegek gondozása során javasolt a betegek depressziós, szorongásos tüneteinek és életminőségének pszichológiai vizsgálata, valamint szükség szerint adekvát kezelése. Ezáltal javulhat a betegek életminősége, terápiás együttműködése és a betegség prognózisa. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(45): 1789–1797.

In this paper we use intraday government bond futures price changes around German and Italian Treasury auctions to identify unexpected shifts in the demand for public debt. Estimates show that positive demand shocks lead to large negative movements in Treasury yields. Evidence shows significant spillover effects into Treasury bond, equity, and corporate bond markets of other eurozone countries. We find interesting differences in the effects of demand shocks between the two countries, consistent with the “safe-haven” status of German bonds versus the “high-debt” status of Italian Treasuries. Results suggest that these effects are stronger during periods of high financial stress.

Bevezetés: A komplex aortoiliacalis stenoocclusiv betegségek kezelésének megoldását hagyományosan a nyitott műtéti technikák jelentik. Napjainkban azonban a kisebb perioperatív megterheléssel járó endovascularis vagy hibrid beavatkozások – mint például a fedettsztent-implantáció – is megoldásként szolgálhatnak, amelyekkel akár aortobiiliacalis, akár aortobifemoralis áthidalások kiválthatók. Célkitűzés: A vascularis centrumunkban végzett aortoiliacalis fedett sztent implantációk korai eredményeinek elemzése. Módszer: A 2019. november 1. és 2021. szeptember 30. között prospektíven regisztrált, konszekutív, aortoiliacalis fedett sztent implantációján átesett betegek adatainak retrospektív elemzését végeztük. Rögzítettük a betegek demográfiai és preoperatív egészségügyi adatait, a perioperatív szövődményeket, emellett a pre- és posztoperatívan megállapított Rutherford-stádiumot és boka-kar indexet. Vizsgálatunk elsődleges végpontja a perioperatív mortalitás, illetve az egyéves túlélés és elsődleges nyitva maradás, míg másodlagos végpontja a boka-kar index, illetve a Rutherford-stádium változásának és az amputációs rátának a megállapítása volt. Elemzésünkhöz Kaplan–Meier-analízist és Wilcoxon-féle ’signed-ranked’ tesztet használtunk. Eredmények: Vizsgálatunkba 36 beteget vontunk be. Az átlagos utánkövetési idő 12 ± 6,9 hónap volt. 72,2%-ban (n = 26) TASC C–D klasszifikációjú aortoiliacalis elváltozás miatt végeztünk beavatkozást, 44%-ban (n = 16) kritikus alsó végtagi ischaemia miatt, 64%-ban (n = 23) percutan punkcióból. A kórházban töltött napok száma átlagosan 5 ± 7 nap volt. Perioperatív vérzéses szövődmény 4 (11,1%), reoperáció 6 (16,6%) esetben fordult elő. Perioperatív halálozás nem történt. Az egyéves túlélés 94,3%, az elsődleges nyitva maradás 91,4% volt. A betegek posztoperatív Rutherford-stádiuma (3. [2.] vs. 1. [1.]; pvs. 1 [0,4]; pKövetkeztetés: Az aortoiliacalis stenoocclusiv betegségek kezelésében fedett sztentek használatával jelentős klinikai javulás mellett kedvező perioperatív mortalitás, egyéves túlélés és elsődleges nyitva maradás, illetve elfogadható perioperatív morbiditás érhető el. Ez az eljárás megfelelő alternatívája lehet a nyitott műtéti megoldásoknak. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(39): 1553–1558.

A 21. század első évtizedeiben újra előtérbe kerültek a tömegpusztító fegyverek. A szíriai polgárháborúban egyaránt alkalmaztak korszerű idegmérgeket és veszélyes ipari anyagokat is. A tömegpusztító fegyverek alkalmazása napjainkban már nem csak az állami szereplők privilégiuma, ezért a veszély megnövekedett. A megnövekedett fenyegetettségre, annak kezelésére és a következmények mértékének csökkentésére adott egyik válasz az ABV-tűzszerész képesség kialakítása. A szerzők tanulmányukban bemutatják, hogy a Magyar Honvédség milyen elképzelésekkel vágott neki a képesség kialakításának. Megvizsgálják a vegyi töltetű eszközök elleni eljárásrendek előnyeit és hátrányait, illetve a radiológiai eszközök elleni eljárásrendeket és az ehhez rendelkezésre álló eszközöket is.

INTRODUCTION: With the increase in large multimodal cohorts and high throughput technologies, the potential for discovering novel biomarkers is no longer limited by dataset size. METHODS: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning approaches have been developed to detect novel biomarkers and interactions in complex datasets. We discuss exemplar uses and evaluate current applications and limitations of AI to discover novel biomarkers. RESULTS: Remaining challenges include a lack of diversity in the datasets available, the sheer complexity of investigating interactions, the invasiveness and cost of some biomarkers, and poor reporting in some studies. Overcoming these challenges will involve collecting data from underrepresented populations, developing more powerful AI approaches, validating the use of noninvasive biomarkers, and adhering to reporting guidelines. DISCUSSION: By harnessing rich multimodal data through AI approaches and international collaborative innovation, we are well positioned to identify clinically useful biomarkers that are accurate, generalizable, unbiased, and acceptable in clinical practice.

Introduction. The tricuspid valve and its annulus (TA) are thought to be integrally related to right atrial (RA) size and function. The present study aimed to assess associations between TA dimensions and RA strains, and quantitative features of its contractility were determined by 3DSTE in healthy adults. Methods. The study comprised 145 healthy volunteers with a mean age of 34.4 ± 12.5 years (73 males). Electrocardiographic, two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic and 3DSTE parameters were in normal reference ranges in all subjects. Results. Enlarged TA areas, regardless of which phase of the cardiac cycle were measured, were not associated with the deterioration of peak RA strains in longitudinal (LS) and circumferential (CS) directions. Increased end-diastolic TA area was associated with reduced RA strain in the radial direction (RS). Dilation of end-diastolic and end-systolic TA areas was related to increased RA volumes. End-diastolic TA area was the smallest in case of increased peak global RA-RS, and other associations between increasing TA areas and peak global strains could not be detected. Peak global RA-CS and RA-LS were not related to TA areas. Increasing peak global RA-RS was not associated with peak global RA-LS and RA-CS, while increasing peak global RA-LS and RA-CS were not associated with peak global RA-RS. Increasing peak global RS did not show associations with RA volumes, Vmin was the smallest in the case of highest peak global RA-CS and RA-LS. Vmax increased with increasing peak global RA-LS. Conclusions. 3DSTE is suitable for simultaneous non-invasive determination of TA dimensions and RA volumes and strains using the same acquired 3D dataset, allowing physiologic studies. RA volumes are associated with end-diastolic and end-systolic TA areas. RA strains in radial direction (RS) show associations with end-diastolic TA area.

Introduction: The left atrium (LA) has a significant role in regulating blood flow from veins to the left ventricle (LV). LV performance is affected by several factors including preload, which is partly, but highly, dependent on LA volumes. The aim of the present study is to perform simultaneous assessment of LA and LV volume changes during the cardiac cycle in healthy circumstances. Therefore, LA and LV volumes and volume-based functional properties were determined in healthy adults, and the associations of these parameters were examined. Methods: The present study consists of 164 healthy adults (age: 33.0 ± 12.3 years, 82 males) being in sinus rhythm. All subjects have undergone complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography with three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE). Results: Increased end-systolic maximum LA volume was associated with higher LV volumes and reduced LV ejection fraction. Very high early pre-atrial contraction and late diastolic LA volumes were associated with increased LV volumes, reduced LV ejection fraction and increased LV mass. Increased LA volumes were associated with increased LV mass. Higher LV volumes were associated with tendentiously higher LA volumes. Higher LV end-diastolic volume was associated with tendentiously higher all LA stroke volumes (SVs) and total and active LA emptying fractions (EFs). Higher LV end-systolic volume was associated with tendentiously higher all LA SVs but preserved all LA EFs. Conclusions: 3DSTE is capable of simultaneous assessment of LA and LV volumes and volume-based functional properties for (patho)physiologic studies. Moreover, 3DSTE-derived LV and LA volumes and functional properties show strong associations.

Androgens play an important role in sexual development in most vertebrates. They interact via binding to the androgen receptor (AR), leading to a direct change in gene expression. Herein we have generated androgen-receptor knock-out chickens and described their phenotype. The homozygous knock-out chickens lacked signs of secondary sex dimorphism and were infertile. Moreover, we have established methods for the generation of androgen receptor reporter chicken lines in order to visualize the androgen receptor in vivo without the need of antibodies. Androgene spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Geschlechtsentwicklung der meisten Wirbeltiere. Sie interagieren über die Bindung an den Androgen Rezeptor (AR), was zu einer direkten Veränderung der Genexpression führt. In dieser Arbeit wurden AR knock-out Hühner generiert und deren Phänotyp beschrieben. Die homozygoten Knock-out-Hühnern zeigten keinen sekundären Geschlechtsdimorphismus und waren unfruchtbar. Darüber hinaus haben wir Methoden für die Generierung von Androgen-Rezeptor-Reporter-Hühnerlinien etabliert, um den Androgen-Rezeptor in vivo ohne den Einsatz von Antikörpern zu visualisieren.

This is a dataset of Ellenberg-type indicator values for European vascular plant species described in this article: Tichý L., Axmanová I., Dengler J., Guarino R., Jansen F., Midolo G., Nobis M.P., Van Meerbeek K., Aćić S., Attorre F., Bergmeier E., Biurrun I., Bonari G., Bruelheide H., Campos J.A., Čarni A., Chiarucci A., Ćuk M., Ćušterevska M., Didukh Y., Dítě D., Dítě Z., Dziuba T., Fanelli G., Fernández-Pascual E., Garbolino E., Gavilán R.G., Gégout J.-C., Graf U., Güler B., Hájek M., Hennekens S.M., Jandt U., Jašková A., Jiménez-Alfaro B., Julve P., Kambach S., Karger D.N., Karrer G., Kavgacı A., Knollová I., Kuzemko A., Küzmič F., Landucci F., Lengyel A., Lenoir J., Marcenò C., Moeslund J.E., Novák P., Pérez-Haase A., Peterka T., Pielech R., Pignatti A., Rašomavičius V., Rūsiņa S., Saatkamp A., Šilc U., Škvorc Ž., Theurillat J.-P., Wohlgemuth T. & Chytrý M. (2023) Ellenberg-type indicator values for European vascular plant species. Journal of Vegetation Science, 34, e13168. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13168 The dataset contains: 1) Harmonized Ellenberg-type indicator values for light, temperature, moisture, reaction, nutrients, and salinity for European vascular plants. 2) Original indicator values from 13 datasets of Ellenberg-type indicator values: - Germany (Ellenberg & Leuschner 2010) - Austria (Karrer 1992) - Cantabrian Range (Jiménez-Alfaro et al. 2021) - Czech Republic (Chytrý et al. 2018) - European mires (Hájek et al. 2020) - France (Julve 2015) - Great Britain (Hill et al. 2000) - Greece (South Aegean) (Böhling et al. 2002) - Hungary (Borhidi 1995) - Italy (Guarino & La Rosa 2019, modified) - Saline habitats (Dítě et al. 2023) - Switzerland and the Alps (Landolt et al. 2010) - Ukraine (Didukh 2011) 3) Species nomenclature is standardized according to the Euro+Med PlantBase (http://europlusmed.org)., The final version of the paper (accepted 8th Dec 2022; published 22nd Dec 2022). Difference from version 1.0: Minor changes in newly added species values calculated from co-occurrence with other species in the EVA database. They were corrected using straight-line calibration.

CA Lengyel The aim of this article and associate Main Map is to highlight the social and economic diversity of the Ruhr area in Germany through the use of multivariate analysis and visualization. To this end we combine two different datasets. Demographic parameters stemming from the 2011 German census and socioeconomic indicators obtained from the microdialog of the German post service. Due to the different spatial resolution of the two datasets, we aggregated the data at the neighbourhood (Stadtteil) level. The multivariate analysis was carried out at this scale using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), an artificial neuron network, which uses an unsupervised learning mechanism for projecting multidimensional data in a low (in our case two) dimensional space. First we used a visualization technique to better comprehend the relationship between our observations via reducing the dimensionality or complexity of our input data. At the same time, we established a global statistical relationships between the indicators. Finally, using these results we built clusters for revealing the distribution of socioeconomic profiles over the whole region. Our results demonstrate that structural inequalities resulting from the processes of industrialization/deindustrialization in the region are still widely persistent and result in characteristic patterns along the three main rivers, the Lippe, Emscher and the Ruhr. In close connection with this, three types of societal segregation patterns become clearly evident in the Ruhr area, namely nationality, age and economic power.

A 21. század első évtizedeiben újra előtérbe kerültek a tömegpusztító fegyverek. A szíriai polgárháborúban egyaránt alkalmaztak korszerű idegmérgeket és veszélyes ipari anyagokat is. A tömegpusztító fegyverek alkalmazása napjainkban már nem csak az állami szereplők privilégiuma, ezért a veszély megnövekedett. A megnövekedett fenyegetettségre, annak kezelésére és a következmények mértékének csökkentésére adott egyik válasz az ABV-tűzszerész képesség kialakítása. A szerzők tanulmányukban bemutatják, hogy a Magyar Honvédség milyen elképzelésekkel vágott neki a képesség kialakításának. Megvizsgálják a vegyi töltetű eszközök elleni eljárásrendek előnyeit és hátrányait, illetve a radiológiai eszközök elleni eljárásrendeket és az ehhez rendelkezésre álló eszközöket is.

A steady-state heat conduction problem is considered in a two-dimensional solid body which is filled up composite circular inclusions. The composite circular inclusions consist of a core and a coating both of which are cylindrically orthotropic. In this paper the neutral inhomogeneity is defined as a foreign body (inclusion) which can be introduced into the host body (matrix) without distributing the temperature field in the originally homogeneous body. The perfect thermal contacts are assumed to be between the different components of nonhomogeneous bodies.

Aims Our objective was to compare the efficacy of pre-treatment with different classes of anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing electrical cardioversion. Methods and results We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different AADs in patients with AF undergoing electrical cardioversion. We grouped AADs into five network nodes: no treatment or rate control, Class Ia, Class Ic, Class III, and amiodarone. Outcomes were (i) acute restoration and (ii) maintenance of sinus rhythm. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception until June 2020. We used Python 3.8.3 and R 3.6.2 for data analysis. We evaluated the overall certainty of evidence with the GRADE framework. We included 28 RCTs. Compared with no treatment or rate control, Class III AADs [odds ratio (OR): 2.41; 95% credible interval (CrI): 1.37 to 4.62, high certainty] and amiodarone (OR: 2.58; 95% CrI: 1.54 to 4.37, high certainty) improved restoration of sinus rhythm. Amiodarone improved long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm when compared with no treatment or rate control (OR: 5.37; 95% CrI: 4.00–7.39, high certainty), Class Ic (OR: 1.89; 95% CrI: 1.05–3.45, moderate certainty) and Class III AADs (OR: 2.19; 95% CrI: 1.39–3.26, high certainty). Conclusion Before electrical cardioversion of AF, treatment with Class III AADs or amiodarone improves the acute restoration of sinus rhythm. Amiodarone is most likely to improve the maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion, but Class Ic and Class III AADs are also effective.

The third edition of the "VIPriors: Visual Inductive Priors for Data-Efficient Deep Learning" workshop featured four data-impaired challenges, focusing on addressing the limitations of data availability in training deep learning models for computer vision tasks. The challenges comprised of four distinct data-impaired tasks, where participants were required to train models from scratch using a reduced number of training samples. The primary objective was to encourage novel approaches that incorporate relevant inductive biases to enhance the data efficiency of deep learning models. To foster creativity and exploration, participants were strictly prohibited from utilizing pre-trained checkpoints and other transfer learning techniques. Significant advancements were made compared to the provided baselines, where winning solutions surpassed the baselines by a considerable margin in all four tasks. These achievements were primarily attributed to the effective utilization of extensive data augmentation policies, model ensembling techniques, and the implementation of data-efficient training methods, including self-supervised representation learning. This report highlights the key aspects of the challenges and their outcomes., arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2201.08625

In this study, pomegranate peels (PPs) as an abundant fruit processing waste was used to produce cost-effective, eco-friendly, and high-quality activated carbon. The produced carbon (fossil free activated carbon) was used for immobilizing laccase to remove a range of emerging pollutants namely diclofenac, amoxicillin, carbamazepine, and ciprofloxacin from water and wastewater. The loaded activated carbon by laccase (LMPPs) and the unloaded one (MPPs) were characterized using advanced surface chemistry analysis techniques. MPPs was found to have a porous structure with a large surface area and an abundance of acidic functional groups. Laccase immobilization reduced surface area but added active degradation sites. The optimal immobilization parameters were determined as pH 4, 35 oC, and a laccase concentration of 2.5 mg/mL resulting in a 69.8% immobilization yield. The adsorption of the emerging pollutant onto MPPs is best characterized as a spontaneous endothermic process that adheres to the Langmuir isotherm and first-order kinetics. Using synergistic adsorption and enzymatic degradation, the target pollutants (50 mg/L) were eliminated in two hours. In both water types, LMPPs outperformed MPPs. This study shows that pomegranate peels can effectively be harnessed as an enzyme carrier and adsorbent for the removal of emerging pollutants even from a complex sample matrix. The removal of contaminants from wastewater lasted five cycles, whereas it continued up to six cycles for water.

α-Aminophosphonates are organophosphorus compounds with an obvious similarity with α-amino acids. Owing to their biological and pharmacological characteristics, they have attracted the attention of many medicinal chemists. α-Aminophosphonates are known to exhibit antiviral, antitumor, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which can all be important in pathological dermatological conditions. However, their ADMET properties are not well studied. The aim of the current study was to provide preliminary information about the skin penetration of three preselected α-aminophosphonates when applying them as topical cream formulations in static and dynamic diffusion chambers. The results indicate that aminophosphonate 1a, without any substituent in the para position, shows the best release from the formulation and the highest absorption through the excised skin. However, based on our previous study, the in vitro pharmacological potency was higher in the case of para-substituted molecules 1b and 1c. The particle size and rheological studies revealed that the 2% cream of aminophosphonate 1a was the most homogenous formulation. In conclusion, the most promising molecule was 1a, but further experiments are proposed to uncover the possible transporter interactions in the skin, optimize the topical formulations and improve PK/PD profiles in case of transdermal delivery.

Both natural and anthropogenic processes can lead to the increasing salinity of surface waters. The knowledge about the ecological consequences of salinization on the biota is limited especially in case of microbiota, like diatoms. We collected the existing knowledge about the relationship between salinity and diatoms in fresh and saline waters. Based on the available papers, conductivity and ion composition are the most important variables shaping diatom communities. Secondary salinization can mask regional differences in diatom assemblages. Trait-based analyses highlight the competitive advantages of motile guild and the extreme trait categories in these environments. The increasing conductivity along a wide conductivity scale decreases the alpha-diversity. Salinization induces the spread and invasion of marine and brackish species into inland freshwaters as well as that of freshwater species tolerating elevated conductivity and/or need specific ions. Concerning food webs, salinity can directly change diatom communities and the subsequent upper trophic levels but most likely this effect manifests as a top-down regulation. Applicable diatom indices are available to assess the level of salinization. Furthermore, diatom-inferred salinity reconstructions are widely applied to assess the past changes of salinity. However, future models predicting ecological consequences of salinization are scarce and sometimes contradictory.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is progressively degenerated during age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness, which clinical hallmark is the buildup of sub-RPE extracellular material. Clinical observations indicate that Zn dyshomeostasis can initiate detrimental intracellular events in the RPE. In this study, we used a primary human fetal RPE cell culture model producing sub-RPE deposits accumulation that recapitulates features of early AMD to study Zn homeostasis and metalloproteins changes. RPE cell derived samples were collected at 10, 21 and 59 days in culture and processed for RNA sequencing, elemental mass spectrometry and the abundance and cellular localization of specific proteins. RPE cells developed processes normal to RPE, including intercellular unions formation and expression of RPE proteins. Punctate deposition of apolipoprotein E, marker of sub-RPE material accumulation, was observed from 3 weeks with profusion after 2 months in culture. Zn cytoplasmic concentrations significantly decreased 0.2 times at 59 days, from 0.264 ± 0.119 ng·μg−1 at 10 days to 0.062 ± 0.043 ng·μg−1 at 59 days (p −1 at 10 days to 0.056 ± 0.023 ng·mL−1 at 59 days (0.4-fold change, p

Some municipalities switch off street lights for several hours at night to save energy and reduce operating costs as a consequence of soaring electricity prices in Europe. Complete darkness in the streets raises public concern about safety and security. The current street lighting standard EN 13201 enables the road luminance to be reduced in parallel with diminishing traffic volume offering a viable tradeoff between energy saving and road safety. This paper presents a methodology to estimate the energy-saving potential of traffic-regulated street lighting based on traffic counting data. By analyzing traffic volume and composition collected from an urban street over the one-year period, we found that traffic sensor-regulated street lighting can deliver up to 55% reduction in electricity costs while maintaining road luminance in line with the recommendations of EN 13201-2. In the presented case, the daily traffic volume profiles were remarkably stable following either a workday or a holiday pattern. Statistical analysis showed that 45% energy saving could be achieved by the pre-programmed dimming schedule of the luminaires while remaining compliant with the standard. The effect of daylight-saving time on the energy consumption of adaptive street lighting was also analyzed.

Supplementary Figure S4 shows the activity of non-lead compounds in secondary biological assays.

SKOV3-TR treated with LP(PCT)

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells metastasize within the peritoneal cavity and directly encounter human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) as the initial step of metastasis. The contact between ovarian cancer cells and the single layer of mesothelial cells involves direct communications that modulate cancer progression but the mechanisms are unclear. One candidate mediating cell–cell communications is exosomes, 30–100 nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin, through the cell–cell transfer of proteins, mRNAs, or microRNAs. Therefore, the goal was to mechanistically characterize how EOC-derived exosomes modulate metastasis. Exosomes from ovarian cancer cells were fluorescently labeled and cocultured with HPMCs which internalized the exosomes. Upon exosome uptake, HPMCs underwent a change in cellular morphology to a mesenchymal, spindle phenotype. CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, was found to be enriched in the cancer cell–derived exosomes, transferred, and internalized to HPMCs, leading to high levels of CD44 in HPMCs. This increased CD44 expression in HPMCs promoted cancer invasion by inducing the HPMCs to secrete MMP9 and by cleaning the mesothelial barrier for improved cancer cell invasion. When CD44 expression was knocked down in cancer cells, exosomes had fewer effects on HPMCs. The inhibition of exosome release from cancer cells blocked CD44 internalization in HPMCs and suppressed ovarian cancer invasion. In ovarian cancer omental metastasis, positive CD44 expression was observed in those mesothelial cells that directly interacted with cancer cells, whereas CD44 expression was negative in the mesothelial cells remote from the invading edge. This study indicates that ovarian cancer–derived exosomes transfer CD44 to HPMCs, facilitating cancer invasion.Implications: Mechanistic insight from the current study suggests that therapeutic targeting of exosomes may be beneficial in treating ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 15(1); 78–92. ©2016 AACR.

Supplementary Figure S1 shows the primary screen, protocol, layout and performance.

Fig S3 shows BRCA1 knockdown in IOSE and FT does not increase HK1 expression or AMPK activity.

SKOV3-TR treated with LP(XR,PCT)

Perspective on this Article from Effects of Oral Contraceptives or a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist on Ovarian Carcinogenesis in Genetically Engineered Mice

Fig S2 shows electron flux analysis of BRCA1 knockdown in IOSE cells shows elevated glycolysis.

Silencing SPHK1 promotes resistance to metformin-induced cytotoxicity.