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5. Plasmoids, Flows, and Jets During Magnetic Reconnection in a Failed Solar Eruption

Author

Pankaj Kumar, Judith T. Karpen, Spiro K. Antiochos, C. Richard DeVore, Peter F. Wyper, and Kyung-Suk Cho

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

We report a detailed analysis of a failed eruption and flare in active region 12018 on 2014 April 3 using multiwavelength observations from SDO/AIA, IRIS, STEREO, and Hinode/SOT. At least four jets were observed to emanate from the cusp of this small active region (large bright point) with a null-point topology during the two hours prior to the slow rise of a filament. During the filament slow rise multiple plasma blobs were seen, most likely formed in a null-point current sheet near the cusp. The subsequent filament eruption, which was outside the IRIS field of view, was accompanied by a flare but remained confined. During the explosive flare reconnection phase, additional blobs appeared repetitively and moved bidirectionally within the flaring region below the erupting filament. The filament kinked, rotated, and underwent leg-leg reconnection as it rose, yet it failed to produce a coronal mass ejection. Tiny jet-like features in the fan loops were detected during the filament slow-rise/pre-flare phase. We interpret them as signatures of reconnection between the ambient magnetic field and the plasmoids leaving the null-point sheet and streaming along the fan loops. We contrast our interpretation of these tiny jets, which occur within the large-scale context of a failed filament eruption, with the local nanoflare-heating scenario proposed by Antolin et al. (2021)., ApJ, 17 pages, 11 figures

Published
2022

8. Near-Earth Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections and Their Association with DH Type II Radio Bursts During Solar Cycles 23 and 24

Author

Binal D. Patel, Bhuwan Joshi, Kyung-Suk Cho, Rok-Soon Kim, and Yong-Jae Moon

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyse the characteristics of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) during Solar Cycles 23 and 24. The present analysis is primarily based on the near-Earth ICME catalogue (Richardson and Cane, 2010). An important aspect of this study is to understand the near-Earth and geoeffective aspects of ICMEs in terms of their association (type II ICMEs) versus absence (non-type II ICMEs) of decameter-hectometer (DH) type II radio bursts, detected by Wind/WAVES and STEREOS/WAVES. Notably, DH type II radio bursts driven by a CME indicate powerful MHD shocks leaving the inner corona and entering the interplanetary medium. We find a drastic reduction in the occurrence of ICMEs by 56% in Solar Cycle 24 compared to the previous cycle (64 versus 147 events). Interestingly, despite a significant decrease in ICME/CME counts, both cycles contain almost the same fraction of type II ICMEs (~47%). Our analysis reveals that, even at a large distance of 1 AU, type II CMEs maintain significantly higher speeds compared to non-type II events (523 km/s versus 440 km/s). While there is an obvious trend of decrease in ICME transit times with increase in the CME initial speed, there also exists a noticeable wide range of transit times for a given CME speed. Contextually, Cycle 23 exhibits 10 events with shorter transit times ranging between 20-40 hours of predominantly type II categories while, interestingly, Cycle 24 almost completely lacks such "fast" events. We find a significant reduction in the parameter $V_{ICME} \times B_{z}$, the dawn to dusk electric field, by 39% during Solar Cycle 24 in comparison with the previous cycle. Further, $V_{ICME} \times B_{z}$ shows a strong correlation with Dst index, which even surpasses the consideration of $B_{z}$ and $V_{ICME}$ alone. The above results imply the crucial role of $V_{ICME} \times B_{z}$ toward effectively modulating the geoeffectiveness of ICMEs., Comment: 26 Pages, 13 Figures

Published
2022

9. Reconstruction of Coronal Magnetic Fields Using a Poloidal–Toroidal Representation

Author

Sibaek Yi, G. S. Choe, Kyung-Suk Cho, Sami K. Solanki, and Jörg Büchner

Subjects
poloidal–toroidal representation, reconstruction, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, FFF, 520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, force-free fields, coronal magnetic fields, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 538 Magnetismus
Abstract

A new method for reconstruction of coronal magnetic fields as force-free fields (FFFs) is presented. Our method employs poloidal and toroidal functions to describe divergence-free magnetic fields. This magnetic field representation naturally enables us to implement the boundary conditions at the photospheric boundary, i.e., the normal magnetic field and the normal current density there, in a straightforward manner. At the upper boundary of the corona, a source surface condition can be employed, which accommodates magnetic flux imbalance at the bottom boundary. Although our iteration algorithm is inspired by extant variational methods, it is nonvariational and requires far fewer iteration steps than most others. The computational code based on our new method is tested against the analytical FFF solutions by Titov & Démoulin. It is found to excel in reproducing a tightly wound flux rope, a bald patch, and quasi-separatrix layers with a hyperbolic flux tube.

Published
2022
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10. Development of a Diagnostic Coronagraph for Use on the International Space Station

Author

Kyung-Suk Cho, Seonghwan Choi, Coronagraph Team, Yeon-Han Kim, and Su-Chan Bong

Subjects
Engineering, Development (topology), law, business.industry, International Space Station, Systems engineering, business, Coronagraph, law.invention
Abstract

The Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), in collaboration with the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), has been developing a diagnostic coronagraph to be deployed in 2023 on the International Space Station (ISS). The mission is known as “Coronal Diagnostic Experiment (CODEX)”, which is designed to obtain simultaneous measurements of the electron density, temperature, and velocity in the 2.5- to 10-Rs range by using multiple filters. The coronagraph will be installed and operated on the ISS to understand the physical conditions in the solar wind acceleration region and to enable and validate the next generation space weather models.

Published
2021

11. Dynamics of bacterial functional genes and community structures during rhizoremediation of diesel-contaminated compost-amended soil

Author

Hyoju Yang, Kyung Suk Cho, Jiho Lee, Yoonjoo Seo, Minyoung Ha, and Yun Yeong Lee

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Compost, Environmental remediation, Chemistry, Composting, Soil organic matter, Amendment, General Medicine, Contamination, engineering.material, Zea mays, Soil contamination, Soil, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biodegradation, Environmental, Petroleum, Agronomy, Soil water, engineering, Soil Pollutants, Total petroleum hydrocarbon, Soil Microbiology
Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of organic soil amendment (compost) on bacterial populations associated with petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) degradation and nitrous oxide (N2O) dynamics via pot experiments. Soil was artificially contaminated with diesel oil at total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 30,000 mg·kg-soil-1 and compost was mixed with the contaminated soil at a 1:9 ratio (w/w). Maize seedlings were planted in each pot and a total of ten pots with two treatments (compost-amended and unamended) were prepared. The pot experiment was conducted for 85 days. The compost-amended soil had a significantly higher TPH removal efficiency (51.1%) than unamended soil (21.4%). Additionally, the relative abundance of the alkB gene, which is associated with PH degradation, was higher in the compost-amended soil than in the unamended soil. Similarly, cnorB and nosZ (which are associated with nitric oxide (NO) and N2O reduction, respectively) were also highly upregulated in the compost-amended soil. Moreover, the compost-amended soil exhibited higher richness and evenness indices, indicating that bacterial diversity was higher in the amended soil than in the unamended soil. Therefore, our findings may contribute to the development of strategies to enhance remediation efficiency and greenhouse gas mitigation during the rhizoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils.

Published
2021

12. Characterization of the Bacterial Community Associated with Methane and Odor in a Pilot-Scale Landfill Biocover under Moderately Thermophilic Conditions

Author

Kyung Suk Cho, Jun Min Jeon, Hyoju Yang, Kyung-Cheol Oh, and Hyekyeng Jung

Subjects
Subtropics, Sulfides, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Methane, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bioreactors, Republic of Korea, Bacteria, Brevibacillus, biology, Microbiota, Thermophile, Temperature, Pilot scale, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Refuse Disposal, Waste Disposal Facilities, chemistry, Odor, Environmental chemistry, Odorants, Environmental science, Dimethyl sulfide, Seasons, Biotechnology, Mesophile
Abstract

A pilot-scale biocover was constructed at a sanitary landfill and the mitigation of methane and odor compounds was compared between the summer and non-summer seasons. The average inlet methane concentrations were 22.0%, 16.3%, and 31.3%, and the outlet concentrations were 0.1%, 0.1%, and 0.2% during winter, spring, and summer, respectively. The odor removal efficiency was 98.0% during summer, compared to 96.6% and 99.6% during winter and spring, respectively. No deterioration in methane and odor removal performance was observed even when the internal temperature of the biocover increased to more than 40°C at midday during summer. During summer, the packing material simultaneously degraded methane and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) under both moderately thermophilic (40-50°C) and mesophilic conditions (30°C). Hyphomicrobium and Brevibacillus, which can degrade methane and DMS at 40°C and 50°C, were isolated. The diversity of the bacterial community in the biocover during summer did not decrease significantly compared to other seasons. The thermophilic environment of the biocover during summer promoted the growth of thermotolerant and thermophilic bacterial populations. In particular, the major methane-oxidizing species were Methylocaldum spp. during summer and Methylobacter spp. during the nonsummer seasons. The performance of the biocover remained stable under moderately thermophilic conditions due to the replacement of the main species and the maintenance of bacterial diversity. The information obtained in this study could be used to design biological processes for methane and odor removal during summer and/or in subtropical countries.

Published
2021

15. Inoculation effect of Pseudomonas sp. TF716 on N2O emissions during rhizoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil

Author

Ji-Yoon Kim and Kyung-Suk Cho

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Abstract

The demand for rhizoremediation technology that can minimize greenhouse gas emissions while effectively removing pollutants in order to mitigate climate change has increased. The inoculation effect of N2O-reducing Pseudomonas sp. TF716 on N2O emissions and on remediation performance during the rhizoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil planted with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) or maize (Zea mays) was investigated. Pseudomonas sp. TF716 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tall fescue. The maximum N2O reduction rate of TF716 was 18.9 mmol N2O g dry cells−1 h−1, which is superior to the rates for previously reported Pseudomonas spp. When Pseudomonas sp. TF716 was added to diesel-contaminated soil planted with tall fescue, the soil N2O-reduction potential was 2.88 times higher than that of soil with no inoculation during the initial period (0–19 d), and 1.08–1.13 times higher thereafter. However, there was no enhancement in the N2O-reduction potential for the soil planted with maize following inoculation with strain TF716. In addition, TF716 inoculation did not significantly affect diesel degradation during rhizoremediation, suggesting that the activity of those microorganisms involved in diesel degradation was unaffected by TF716 treatment. Analysis of the dynamics of the bacterial genera associated with N2O reduction showed that Pseudomonas had the highest relative abundance during the rhizoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil planted with tall fescue and treated with strain TF716. Overall, these results suggest that N2O emissions during the rhizoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil using tall fescue can be reduced with the addition of Pseudomonas sp. TF716.

Published
2022

16. Effect of Novosphingobium sp. CuT1 inoculation on the rhizoremediation of heavy metal- and diesel-contaminated soil planted with tall fescue

Author

Soo Yeon Lee, Yun-Yeong Lee, and Kyung-Suk Cho

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental Chemistry, General Medicine, Pollution
Abstract

Rhizoremediation is a promising method based on the synergism between plant and rhizobacteria to remediate soil co-contaminated with heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). A plant growth-promoting (PGP) rhizobacterium with diesel-degrading capacity and heavy metal tolerance was isolated from the rhizosphere of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.), after which the effects of its inoculation on rhizoremediation performance were evaluated in heavy metal- and diesel-contaminated soil planted with tall fescue. The bacterial isolate (Novosphingobium sp. CuT1) was characterized by its indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, and siderophore productivity as PGP traits. CuT1 was able to grow on 1/10 LB-agar plates containing 5 mM of Cu or 5 mM of Pb. To evaluate the remediation effect of heavy metal- and diesel-contaminated soil by CuT1 inoculation, the experimental conditions were prepared as follows. The soil was artificially contaminated with heavy metals (Cu and Pb) at a final concentration of 500 ppm. The soil was then further contaminated with diesel at final concentrations of 0, 10,000, and 30,000 ppm. Finally, all plots were planted with tall fescue, a representative hyperaccumulating plant. Compared to the rhizoremediation performance of the co-contaminated soil (Cu + Pb + diesel) without inoculation, the bioavailable Cu concentrations in the soil and the tall fescue biomass were significantly increased in CuT1 inoculation. Additionally, the root growth of tall fescue was also promoted in CuT1 inoculation. Correlation analysis showed that Cu bioavailability and bioconcentration factor were positively correlated with CuT1 inoculation. The diesel removal efficiency showed a positive correlation with CuT1 inoculation, although the diesel removal was below 30%. CuT1 inoculation was positively correlated with IAA and dehydrogenase activity in the soil. Moreover, the dry biomass of the tall fescue's roots was highly associated with CuT1 inoculation. Collectively, our findings suggest that Novosphingobium sp. CuT1 can be utilized as an applicable bioresource to enhance rhizoremediation performance in heavy metal- and TPH-contaminated soils.

Published
2022

17. Dynamics of functional genes and bacterial community during bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil amended with compost

Author

Hyoju Yang, Jiho Lee, and Kyung-Suk Cho

Subjects
General Medicine, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biotechnology
Abstract

Compost is widely used as an organic additive to improve the bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil. In this study, the effects of compost amendment on the remediation performance, functional genes, and bacterial community are evaluated during the bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soils with various ratios of compost (0–20%, w/w). The study reveals that the diesel removal efficiency, soil enzyme (dehydrogenase and urease) activity, soil CH4 oxidation potential, and soil N2O reduction potential have a positive correlation with the compost amendment (p nosZI, cnorB and qnorB) to 16S rRNA genes each show a positive correlation with compost amendment, whereas the ratio of the CH4-oxidizing gene (pmoA) to the 16S rRNA genes shows a negative correlation. Interestingly, the genera Acidibacter, Blastochloris, Erythrobacter, Hyphomicrobium, Marinobacter, Parvibaculum, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Terrimonas are strongly associated with diesel degradation, and have a strong positive correlation with soil CH4 oxidation potential. Meanwhile, the genera Atopostipes, Bacillus, Halomonas, Oblitimonas, Pusillimonas, Truepera, and Wenahouziangella are found to be strongly associated with soil N2O reduction potential. These results provide useful data for the development of technologies for improving diesel removal efficiency while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions in the bioremediation process of diesel-contaminated soil.

Published
2022

18. Space missions for astronomy and astrophysics in Korea: past, present, and future

Author

Dae-Hee Lee, Kyung-Suk Cho, Il Han Park, Woong-Seob Jeong, Young-Wook Lee, Kwang-Il Seon, Wonyong Han, Kyujin Kwak, Min Bin Kim, Jae-Jin Lee, and Hyung Mok Lee

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Schedule, Engineering, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Space exploration, 0103 physical sciences, Space program, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

We review the history of space mission in Korea focusing on the field of astronomy and astrophysics. For each mission, scientific motivation and achievement are reviewed together with some technical details of the program including mission schedule. This review includes the ongoing and currently approved missions as well as some planned ones. Within the admitted limitations of authors' perspectives, some comments on the future direction of space program for astronomy and astrophysics in Korea are made at the end of this review., 29 pages, 31 figures, and 4 tables. To be published in the special issue of Journal of Korean Physical Society (JKPS) to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Astrophysics Division of Korean Physical Society (KPS)

Published
2021

19. Study on the Improvement of Domestic Barrier-free Standard and Response Manual to Secure Evacuation Safety for Blind Persons

Author

Donggoo Seo, Kyung-Suk Cho, Jong Ho Lee, and Sang-Heon Kim

Subjects
030506 rehabilitation, 03 medical and health sciences, 010401 analytical chemistry, medicine, Medical emergency, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, medicine.disease, 01 natural sciences, Blind persons, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract

There are approximately 290 million blind people worldwide. Among them, approximately 40 million people are severely blind. Although systems and policies have been improved to enhance the convenience of the visually impaired, the standards related to evacuation safety in the case of fire have not been sufficiently improved. Therefore, in this study, to ensure the safe evacuation of the visually impaired in case of fire, domestic fire safety standards were derived by analyzing the development status of a domestic barrier-free system and related manuals based on the characteristics of evacuation behaviors of the visually impaired, as well as by reviewing the cases in the United States and the United Kingdom. As a result, the following measures were derived: 1) improving the display method for landmark elements, 2) customized fire safety education and training for employees, and 3) a plan to develop a personal emergency evacuation planning manual in accordance with the characteristics of a building. It is expected that these objectives can be used to improve fire safety standards and manuals and to develop related technologies for the visually impaired.

Published
2021

20. Effects of Plant and Soil Amendment on Remediation Performance and Methane Mitigation in Petroleum-Contaminated Soil

Author

Kyung Suk Cho and Yoonjoo Seo

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental remediation, engineering.material, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Soil, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pseudomonas, 010608 biotechnology, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Soil Microbiology, Rhizosphere, Compost, Composting, Microbiota, Atmospheric methane, AlkB Enzymes, General Medicine, Plants, Soil contamination, Hydrocarbons, Soil conditioner, Biodegradation, Environmental, Petroleum, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, engineering, Environmental science, Total petroleum hydrocarbon, Methane, Biotechnology
Abstract

Petroleum-contaminated soil is considered among the most important potential anthropogenic atmospheric methane sources. Additionally, various rhizoremediation factors can affect methane emissions by altering soil ecosystem carbon cycles. Nonetheless, greenhouse gas emissions from soil have not been given due importance as a potentially relevant parameter in rhizoremediation techniques. Therefore, in this study we sought to investigate the effects of different plant and soil amendments on both remediation efficiencies and methane emission characteristics in dieselcontaminated soil. An indoor pot experiment consisting of three plant treatments (control, maize, tall fescue) and two soil amendments (chemical nutrient, compost) was performed for 95 days. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiency, dehydrogenase activity, and alkB (i.e., an alkane compound-degrading enzyme) gene abundance were the highest in the tall fescue and maize soil system amended with compost. Compost addition enhanced both the overall remediation efficiencies, as well as pmoA (i.e., a methane-oxidizing enzyme) gene abundance in soils. Moreover, the potential methane emission of diesel-contaminated soil was relatively low when maize was introduced to the soil system. After microbial community analysis, various TPH-degrading microorganisms (Nocardioides, Marinobacter, Immitisolibacter, Acinetobacter, Kocuria, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Alcanivorax) and methane-oxidizing microorganisms (Methylocapsa, Methylosarcina) were observed in the rhizosphere soil. The effects of major rhizoremediation factors on soil remediation efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions discussed herein are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable biological remediation technologies in response to global climate change.

Published
2021

22. Kink Oscillation of a Flux Rope During a Failed Solar Eruption

Author

Pankaj Kumar, Valery M. Nakariakov, Judith T. Karpen, C. Richard DeVore, and Kyung-Suk Cho

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), QB
Abstract

We report a decaying kink oscillation of a flux rope during a confined eruptive flare, observed off the solar limb by SDO/AIA, that lacked a detectable white-light coronal mass ejection. The erupting flux rope underwent kinking, rotation, and apparent leg-leg interaction during the event. The oscillations were observed simultaneously in multiple AIA channels at 304, 171, and 193 {\AA}, indicating that multithermal plasma was entrained in the rope. After reaching the overlying loops in the active region, the flux rope exhibited large-amplitude, decaying kink oscillations with an apparent initial amplitude of 30 Mm, period of about 16 min, and decay time of about 17 min. We interpret these oscillations as a fundamental standing kink mode of the flux rope. The oscillation polarization has a clear vertical component, while the departure of the detected waveform from a sinusoidal signal suggests that the oscillation could be circularly or elliptically polarized. The estimated kink speed is 1080 km/s, corresponding to an Alfv\'en speed of about 760 km/s. This speed, together with the estimated electron density in the rope from our DEM analysis, $n_e \approx$(1.5--2.0)$\times 10^9$cm$^{-3}$, yields a magnetic field strength of about 15 G. To the best of our knowledge, decaying kink oscillations of a flux rope with non-horizontal polarization during a confined eruptive flare have not been reported before. These oscillations provide unique opportunities for indirect measurements of the magnetic-field strength in low-coronal flux ropes during failed eruptions., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, ApJ Letters (in press)

Published
2022

23. Inoculation effect of Pseudomonas sp. TF716 on N

Author

Ji-Yoon, Kim and Kyung-Suk, Cho

Subjects
Festuca, Soil, Biodegradation, Environmental, Pseudomonas, Lolium, Soil Pollutants, Zea mays, Soil Microbiology
Abstract

The demand for rhizoremediation technology that can minimize greenhouse gas emissions while effectively removing pollutants in order to mitigate climate change has increased. The inoculation effect of N

Published
2022

25. Characterization of nitrous oxide reduction by Azospira sp. HJ23 isolated from advanced wastewater treatment sludge

Author

Ji Hyeon Kwon, Kyung Suk Cho, Jeonghee Yun, and Hyung Joo Park

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Environmental Engineering, Denitrification, biology, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, General Medicine, Nitrous oxide, equipment and supplies, biology.organism_classification, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Environmental chemistry, Sewage treatment, Nitrogen source, Azospira sp, Bacteria, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

A new nitrous oxide (N2O)-reducing bacterium was isolated from a consortium that was enriched using advanced wastewater treatment sludge as an inoculum and N2O as the sole nitrogen source. The isol...

Published
2020

27. Removal of particulate matter from pork belly grilling gas using an orifice wet scrubber

Author

Shi nae Jang, Kyung Suk Cho, Yun Yeong Lee, Jihyun Kwon, Yoonjoo Seo, Jeonghee Yun, and Hyung Joo Park

Subjects
Restaurants, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Swine, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Scrubber, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Waste Management, Particle mass, Air Pollution, Republic of Korea, Animals, Cooking, 021108 energy, Particle Size, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Air Pollutants, Wet scrubber, General Medicine, Particulates, Pulp and paper industry, Red Meat, Environmental science, Particulate Matter, Body orifice
Abstract

Grilling restaurants are a major contributor to airborne particulate matter (PM) in metropolitan areas. In this study, the removal of PM during the grilling of pork belly using an orifice scrubber, which is a form of gas-induced spray scrubber, was assessed. During grilling, the particle mass concentration was the highest for 1.0 2.5 μm (7.0%). The PM removal efficiency of the orifice scrubber at a gas flow of 4.5 m3 min-1 was > 99.7% for PM ≥ 2.5 μm, 89.4% for 1.0 < PM ≤ 2.5 μm, 62.1% for 0.5 < PM ≤ 1.0, and 36.5% for PM ≤ 0.5 μm. Although further research is necessary to optimize its use, the orifice scrubber offers a user-friendly technology for the control of PM in small grilling restaurants because of its simple design, uncomplicated operation, and satisfactory PM removal performance.

Published
2020

28. Dynamics of Nitrogen Compounds and Functional Genes in a Nitrification- Denitrification Coupling Process

Author

Yun Yeong Lee, Ji Hyeon Kwon, Hyung Joo Park, and Kyung Suk Cho

Subjects
Denitrification, chemistry.chemical_element, Functional genes, Nitrous oxide, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Nitrogen, chemistry.chemical_compound, Coupling (computer programming), chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Scientific method, Sewage treatment, Nitrification, Biotechnology
Published
2020

29. Seasonal Dynamics of Bacterial Community Structure in Diesel Oil-Contaminated Soil Cultivated with Tall Fescue (

Author

Yun-Yeong, Lee, Soo Yeon, Lee, Sang Don, Lee, and Kyung-Suk, Cho

Subjects
Festuca, Soil, Biodegradation, Environmental, Petroleum, Lolium, Soil Pollutants, Seasons, Gasoline, Hydrocarbons, Soil Microbiology
Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the seasonal characteristics of rhizoremediation and the bacterial community structure over the course of a year in soil contaminated with diesel oil. The soil was contaminated with diesel oil at a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 30,000 mg-TPH·kg-soil

Published
2022

30. Evolution of magnetic fields and energy release processes during homologous eruptive flares

Author

Suraj Sahu, Bhuwan Joshi, Avijeet Prasad, and Kyung-Suk Cho

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

We explore the processes of repetitive build-up and explosive release of magnetic energy together with the formation of magnetic flux ropes that eventually resulted into three homologous eruptive flares of successively increasing intensities (i.e., M2.0, M2.6, and X1.0). The flares originated from NOAA active region 12017 during 2014 March 28-29. EUV observations and magnetogram measurements together with coronal magnetic field modeling suggest that the flares were triggered by the eruption of flux ropes embedded by a densely packed system of loops within a small part of the active region. In X-rays, the first and second events show similar evolution with single, compact sources, while the third event exhibits multiple emission centroids with a set of strong non-thermal conjugate sources at 50-100 keV during the HXR peak. The photospheric magnetic field over an interval of approximately 44 hr encompassing the three flares undergoes important phases of emergence and cancellation processes together with significant changes near the polarity inversion lines within the flaring region. Our observations point toward the tether-cutting mechanism as the plausible triggering process of the eruptions. Between the second and third event, we observe a prominent phase of flux emergence which temporally correlates with the build-up phase of free magnetic energy in the active region corona. In conclusion, our analysis reveals an efficient coupling between the rapidly evolving photospheric and coronal magnetic fields in the active region that led to a continued phase of the build-up of free energy, resulting into the homologous flares of successively increasing intensities., Comment: Accepted for publication in 'The Astrophysical Journal'

Published
2022
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31. Interferometric imaging, and beam-formed study of a moving Type IV Radio burst with LOFAR

Author

Hongyu Liu, Pietro Zucca, Kyung-Suk Cho, Anshu Kumari, Peijin Zhang, Jasmina Magdalenić, Rok-Soon Kim, Sujin Kim, Juhyung Kang, Space Physics Research Group, and Particle Physics and Astrophysics

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Science & Technology, Radio bursts, Type-IV bursts, SUN, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, BAND, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, Radio emission, Theory, RADIATION, EMISSION, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), FINE-STRUCTURE
Abstract

Type-IV radio bursts have been studied for over 50 years. However, the specifics of the radio emission mechanisms is still an open question. In order to provide more information about the emission mechanisms, we studied a moving Type-IV radio burst with fine structures (spike group) by using the high-resolution capability of the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) on August 25, 2014. We present a comparison of Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH) and the first LOFAR imaging data of the Type-IV radio burst. The degree of circular polarization (DCP) is calculated at frequencies in the range 20 – 180 MHz using LOFAR data, and it was found that the value of DCP gradually increased during the event, with values of 20 – 30%. LOFAR interferometric data were combined with white-light observations in order to track the propagation of this Type-IV burst. The kinematics shows a westward motion of the radio sources, slower than the CME leading edge. The dynamic spectrum of LOFAR shows a large number of fine structures with durations of less than 1 s and high brightness temperatures ($T_{ \mathrm{B}}$ T B ), i.e., $10^{12}$ 10 12 – $10^{13}$ 10 13 K. The gradual increase of DCP supports gyrosynchrotron emission as the most plausible mechanism for the Type IV. However, coherent emissions such as Electron Cyclotron Maser (ECM) instability may be responsible for small-scale fine structures. Countless fine structures altogether were responsible for such high $T_{\mathrm{B}}$ T B .

Published
2022
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33. Simultaneous mitigation of methane and odors in a biowindow using a pipe network

Author

Kyung Cheol Oh, Hee Wook Ryu, Hyekyeng Jung, Jun Min Jeon, and Kyung Suk Cho

Subjects
High concentration, Treatment system, 020209 energy, Hydrogen sulfide, Methanethiol, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Pulp and paper industry, 01 natural sciences, Methane, Refuse Disposal, Waste Disposal Facilities, chemistry.chemical_compound, Landfill gas, chemistry, Odor, Odorants, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, Oxidation-Reduction, Waste Management and Disposal, Intensity (heat transfer), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In this study, a biowindow with a piped gas collection network is proposed as an area-efficient landfill gas treatment system. A 9-m2 biowindow was constructed for treating landfill gas collected from an area of 450 m2 in a sanitary landfill, and its performance was evaluated for 224 days. The methane removal efficiency was 59–100% at 146.3–675.1 g-CH4 m−2 d−1. Odorous compounds were also removed by the biowindow, with a complex odor intensity removal rate of 93–100%. In particular, the removal efficiency for hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol, major contributors to the complex odor intensity, was 97% and 91%, respectively. Metagenomic analysis showed that the dominant bacterial genera shifted from Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas to Methylobacter and Methylocaldum due to the high concentration of methane. A high bacterial diversity was maintained, which may have contributed to the robust performance of the biowindow against environmental fluctuations. At 1/50th of the size of conventional biocovers, the proposed biowindow can greatly reduce the required installation area and represents a competitive method for the simultaneous treatment of methane and odor in landfills.

Published
2019

34. Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Absorption and Desorption by Solid Silicone under Shock-Loading Conditions

Author

Kyung-Suk Cho, Jeonghee Yun, Soo-Kyung Kang, Hui-jeong Ryu, and Shi-nae Jang

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, technology, industry, and agriculture, equipment and supplies, Silicone rubber, complex mixtures, Characterization (materials science), Shock (mechanics), stomatognathic diseases, chemistry.chemical_compound, Silicone foam, Silicone, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Desorption, Environmental Chemistry, Absorption (chemistry), General Environmental Science, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) absorption and desorption capacity of silicone rubber (SR) and silicone foam (SF) was characterized under shock loading conditions to evaluate their potent...

Published
2021

35. DH Type II Radio Bursts During Solar Cycles 23 and 24: Frequency-dependent Classification and their Flare-CME Associations

Author

Rok-Soon Kim, Kyung-Suk Cho, Binal D. Patel, and Bhuwan Joshi

Subjects
Physics, education.field_of_study, Density model, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Interplanetary medium, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, law.invention, Multiple factors, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, law, Coronal mass ejection, Halo, Interplanetary spaceflight, education, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Flare
Abstract

We present the characteristics of DH type II bursts for the Solar Cycles 23 and 24. The bursts are classified according to their end frequencies into three categories, i.e. Low Frequency Group (LFG; 20 kHz $\leq$ $f$ $\leq$ 200 kHz), Medium Frequency Group (MFG; 200 kHz $, Comment: 33 pages, 20 Figures. Accepted in Solar Physics

Published
2021

37. Removal of Particulate Matter from Meat-Grilling Fumes Using a Mirror-Symmetrical Multicompartment Scrubber

Author

Soo Kyung Kang, Yun Yeong Lee, Kyung-Suk Cho, and Shi nae Jang

Subjects
Pressure drop, Environmental Engineering, Environmental engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Aerodynamic diameter, Environmental science, Scrubber, Particulates, General Environmental Science, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

In megacities and urban areas, grilling restaurants have been recognized as major sources of particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter under 2.5 μm (PM2.5). To reduce PM emission...

Published
2021

38. Effect of upflow and downflow baffle configuration on particulate matter removal in a mirror-symmetrical multi-compartment scrubber

Author

In-Sook Lee, Kyung Suk Cho, Yun-Yeong Lee, Soo Yeon Lee, and Soo-Kyung Kang

Subjects
Pressure drop, Air Pollutants, Environmental Engineering, Environmental engineering, Scrubber, Baffle, General Medicine, Particulates, Volumetric flow rate, Air Pollution, Environmental science, Particulate Matter, Water volume, Air quality index
Abstract

Control over particulate matter (PM) emission from grilling is required for improving public health and air quality. The performance of mirror-symmetrical multi-compartment scrubbers with an upflow (U-type) and downflow baffle (D-type) configuration was evaluated for PM emission control from grilling at a flow rate of 30 m3 min-1. The PM removal efficiency of the U-type scrubber was the highest when the water level was 8 cm (95.6%), and the pressure drops recorded at the water levels of 6, 8 and 10 cm were 103, 122 and 153 mmH2O, respectively. Although PM removal efficiency of the D-type scrubber was over 91.0% at the water levels of 8, 10 and 12 cm, the pressure drops were 124, 142 and 185 mmH2O, respectively. A comprehensive evaluation of the water volume, pressure drop and PM removal performance, as well as device size, revealed that the U-type scrubber with a PM removal efficiency of 92% or higher and a pressure drop of 122 mmH2O or lower at the water levels of 6-8 cm was more economical for removing PM from grilling gas than the D-type scrubber.

Published
2021

40. Solar activities and climate change during the last millennium recorded in Korean chronicles

Author

Rok-Soon Kim, Junhyeok Jeon, Hong-Jin Yang, Chan-Gyung Park, and Kyung-Suk Cho

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Sunspot, Solar activity and climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Power spectral analysis, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Geography, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, 0103 physical sciences, Frost, Solar Activities, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Korean chronicles have a large amount of observational records of natural phenomena, including astronomical and meteorological events over two thousand years. Here we examine the correlation of solar activity and climate change from historical sunspot and frost records in the Korean chronicles. There are 42 sunspot records in Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392 CE) and 13 records in Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910 CE). The sunspot records in Goryeo Dynasty show a periodicity in good agreement with the well-known solar activity of 11 years. Korean sunspot records suggest that the solar activity in Joseon Dynasty decreased compared with that in the previous ∼500 years. In order to examine the long-period variation of solar activity, we include Chinese historical sunspot records in our analysis to supplement the lack of Korean records, and find a new ∼240-yr long-period solar activity from the power spectral analysis. Korean chronicles also have about 700 frost records during the last millennium. We investigate these frost records and find a sign of cooling down that can be interpreted as climate change during the last millennium. We also find ∼240-yr cooling period from the historical frost records, which is well in accord with that of solar activity. Therefore, we conclude that the solar activity has decreased during the last one thousand years and also has a long-term variation of ∼240 years.

Published
2019

42. Solar farside magnetograms from deep learning analysis of STEREO/EUVI data

Author

Il-Hyun Cho, Yong-Jae Moon, Soojeong Jang, Harim Lee, Myungjin Choi, Lok-Won Kim, Kyung-Suk Cho, Daye Lim, Eunsu Park, Taeyoung Kim, and Sung-Ho Bae

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Solar dynamics observatory, business.industry, Deep learning, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space weather, 01 natural sciences, Extreme ultraviolet, 0103 physical sciences, Artificial intelligence, Helioseismology, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

Solar magnetograms are important for studying solar activity and predicting space weather disturbances1. Farside magnetograms can be constructed from local helioseismology without any farside data2-4, but their quality is lower than that of typical frontside magnetograms. Here we generate farside solar magnetograms from STEREO/Extreme UltraViolet Imager (EUVI) 304-A images using a deep learning model based on conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs). We train the model using pairs of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 304-A images and SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) magnetograms taken from 2011 to 2017 except for September and October each year. We evaluate the model by comparing pairs of SDO/HMI magnetograms and cGAN-generated magnetograms in September and October. Our method successfully generates frontside solar magnetograms from SDO/AIA 304-A images and these are similar to those of the SDO/HMI, with Hale-patterned active regions being well replicated. Thus we can monitor the temporal evolution of magnetic fields from the farside to the frontside of the Sun using SDO/HMI and farside magnetograms generated by our model when farside extreme-ultraviolet data are available. This study presents an application of image-to-image translation based on cGANs to scientific data. Farside solar magnetograms are generated from STEREO images using deep learning, with Hale-patterned active regions being well reproduced. These images can be used to monitor the temporal evolution of magnetic fields from the farside to the frontside.

Published
2019

43. On the Nature of Propagating Intensity Disturbances in Polar Plumes during the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse

Author

Maria S. Madjarska, Kyung-Sun Lee, Il-Hyun Cho, Jung-Jun Seough, Seonghwan Choi, Kyung-Suk Cho, Valery M. Nakariakov, Eun-Kyung Lim, Heesu Yang, Yeon-Han Kim, and Jae-Ok Lee

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Solar eclipse, FOS: Physical sciences, Coronal hole, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Wavenumber, Polar, Electron temperature, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Phase velocity, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Coronagraph, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Eclipse
Abstract

The propagating intensity disturbances (PIDs) in plumes are still poorly understood and their identity (magnetoacoustic waves or flows) remains an open question. We investigate PIDs in five plumes located in the northern polar coronal hole observed during the 2017 total solar eclipse. Three plumes are associated with coronal bright points, jets and macrospicules at their base (active plumes) and the other two plumes are not (quiet plumes). The electron temperature at the base of the plumes is obtained from the filter ratio of images taken with the X-ray Telescope on board Hinode and the passband ratio around 400 nm from an eclipse instrument, the Diagnostic Coronagraph Experiment (DICE). The phase speed (v_r), frequency (omega), and wavenumber (k) of the PIDs in the plumes are obtained by applying a Fourier transformation to the space-time (r-t plane) plots in images taken with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) in three different wavelength channels (171 A, 193 A, and 211 A). We found that the PIDs in the higher temperature AIA channels, 193 and 211 A, are faster than that of the cooler AIA 171 A channel. This tendency is more significant for the active plumes than the quiet ones. The observed speed ratio (~1.3) between the AIA 171 and 193 A channels is similar to the theoretical value (1.25) of a slow magnetoacoustic wave. Our results support the idea that PIDs in plumes represent a superposition of slow magnetoacoustic waves and plasma outflows that consist of dense cool flows and hot coronal jets., 18 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2021

44. Supernova neutrino burst detection with the deep underground neutrino experiment: DUNE Collaboration

Author

M. A. Hernandez Morquecho, Jonas Rademacker, P. De Lurgio, C. A. Ternes, E. T. Worcester, H. Schellman, G. P. Zeller, C. J. Solano Salinas, Mingshui Chen, Andrew White, S. Berkman, André Rubbia, C. Barnes, Joshua Barrow, B. Bhuyan, O. V. Mineev, M. Bishai, Sandip Pakvasa, M. Chalifour, N. Poonthottathil, H. Berns, A. S. Hesam, S. H. Kettell, John Marshall, G. Sirri, Evgueni Goudzovski, M. A. Arroyave, J. Hugon, M. Kirby, D. Brailsford, Laura Paulucci, A. Hourlier, E. Hazen, L. Pasqualini, Christian Farnese, Armin Karcher, D. Smargianaki, Christopher L. Marshall, M. Karolak, H. Mendez, Y.-J. Jwa, Y. Karyotakis, Artur M. Ankowski, B. Morgan, L. Patrizii, Stefan Antusch, Paola Sala, N. Moggi, Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous, G. Mandrioli, M. R. While, A. M. Gago, R. Diurba, J. Berger, Alessandro Menegolli, B. Carlus, D. Boyden, T. Le, G. Christodoulou, L. Hertel, J. S. Díaz, B. Ramson, R. Gandrajula, Akitaka Ariga, Marvin L Marshak, R. Zaki, Ina Sarcevic, Eric W. Hoppe, Manuel Alejandro Segura Delgado, Kam-Biu Luk, M. Tzanov, K. Qi, J. A. B. Coelho, C. Vignoli, C. E. Lane, Giuseppe Benedetto Cerati, N. Bostan, David Delepine, Dave M Newbold, F. Krennrich, C. Mauger, J. Yu, D. Edmunds, P. Novella, K. Zeug, Z. Parsa, L. O. Arnold, Janice L. Thompson, F. Kamiya, K. Kothekar, S. Calvez, A. Chiriacescu, T. Rehak, M. V. Diwan, V. Savinov, P. Melas, T. Safford, E. Tatar, Hui Wang, V. Bellini, C. Alt, B. Abi, W. Flanagan, V. Papadimitriou, G. Zhu, S. Centro, J. J. Russell, W. C. Griffith, H. R. Gallagher, M. A. Uchida, N. Martinez, L. Greenler, Bo Yu, A. V. Waldron, D. J. Payne, C. Gotti, T. Miedema, S. Magill, Deywis Moreno, Utku Kose, Julián Félix, D. MacFarland, K. Gollwitzer, F. Varanini, S. Henry, K. Grzelak, B. Guo, Frank Filthaut, J. Reichenbacher, F. Muheim, Ralf Lehnert, T. A. Bolton, J. Greer, Y. T. Tsai, L. Camilleri, S. Nagu, J. A. Maloney, Z. Vallari, F. Bay, H.E. Rogers, Andrea Dell'Acqua, Y. Cui, P. A. Rodrigues, C. Wret, J. Zuklin, Paul Keener, D. A. Harris, Andrea Zani, Mario Campanelli, M. Newcomer, H. W. Sobel, C. Distefano, Ornella Palamara, M. A. Ramirez Delgado, J. D. Eisch, Riccardo Papaleo, D. Cherdack, Paolo Carniti, Leigh H. Whitehead, Karol Hennessy, S. Söldner-Rembold, P. Fernandez Menendez, J. Han, C. Y. Chi, M. Groh, Jeremy Wolcott, R. LaZur, Yu. Onishchuk, T. Hamernik, L. Pickering, John Evans, A. Weinstein, A. Sitraka, L. Bagby, S. J. Brice, Nicolas Lurkin, E. Raguzin, L. C. J. Rice, H. Carranza, Milos Lokajicek, K. Nishimura, H. S. Budd, C. S. Lin, A. A. Machado, Kevin J. Kelly, D. Sgalaberna, J. M. LoSecco, R. Petti, Y. Xiao, Ionel Lazanu, E. Zhivun, C. McGrew, Marzio Nessi, Chia-Chan Chang, M. Nebot-Guinot, C. Grant, Jaroslaw Pasternak, Z. Djurcic, W. Gu, D. Duchesneau, N. Kazaryan, Kendall Mahn, Jorge Molina, M. Oberling, H. O. Back, S. Sacerdoti, J. Sensenig, C. Montanari, E. Conley, B. Howard, D. M. DeMuth, A. Chatterjee, S. Kohn, F. Drielsma, J. L. Bazo Alba, Jane Nachtman, Y. A. Ramachers, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, R. M. de Almeida, Yasar Onel, V. Zutshi, Sandeep Miryala, Enrique Calvo, V. Radeka, C. Touramanis, S. Manly, P. Hamilton, R. G. Van de Water, J. Hoff, K. V. Tsang, J. Maneira, C. Rubbia, J. Calcutt, K. Warburton, M. Nalbandyan, T. Loew, P. Ding, F. Diaz, R. Hatcher, M. Zhao, A. Olivares Del Campo, F. Cavalier, Joshua R. Klein, Vasundhara Singh, Christopher Brew, Pavel Snopok, Y. Rigaut, Dave Sankey, J. Asaadi, E. Valencia, E. James, Roberto Gutiérrez, J. Pinzino, Rakesh Kumar, Ranjan Dharmapalan, Lynn Wood, S. Narita, R.A. Rameika, R. Illingworth, D. Vargas, Patrick Dunne, A. Bitadze, Yichen Li, A. G. Cocco, C. Andreopoulos, T. Kosc, R. J. Wilson, S. Fuess, E. Cristaldo, H. Razafinime, Alessandro Montanari, B. Zamorano, Warner A. Miller, M. C. Sanchez, Marc Weber, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, A. Izmaylov, C. Morris, Dong Jo Kim, H. Muramatsu, K. Spurgeon, Z. Pavlovic, R. Gran, Claudia Brizzolari, D. Vanegas Forero, S. Biagi, M. Tenti, Alberto Cervelli, M. Roda, F. Terranova, C. Cuesta, J. Marteau, Irakli Lomidze, W. Metcalf, X. Luo, A. Booth, G. Petrillo, N.V. Mokhov, J. Barranco Monarca, Jianbei Liu, Zviad Tsamalaidze, H. da Motta, L. M. Cremaldi, Carl Grace, M. Bonesini, M. Muether, O. G. Miranda, A. N. Khotjantsev, N. Tsverava, R. B. Patterson, T. Young, A. Stuart, M. J. Wilking, D. Redondo, S. R. Mishra, F. Bento Neves, A. Gendotti, A. Himmel, M. Rajaoalisoa, P. Bour, C. Wilkinson, M. Greenwood, F. F. Wilson, Nektarios Benekos, Marco Adinolfi, D. Pugnere, T. Wongjirad, M. A. Vermeulen, Andrew Brandt, E. Bechetoille, S. Roy, A. Delbart, N. J. C. Spooner, J. M. Paley, C. Patrick, Antonio Ereditato, José W. F. Valle, N. Yershov, Renato Potenza, D. Lorca, M. Toups, R. Guenette, E. Pantic, L. Di Giulio, J. Martin-Albo, L. Molina Bueno, M. P. Decowski, Gustaaf Brooijmans, K. Moffat, V. Galymov, Dario Gnani, L. Mualem, S. Tufanli, J. Mills, Irina Mocioiu, D. Mladenov, A. L. Renshaw, C. N. Booth, L. Zambelli, Orlando L. G. Peres, S. Menary, P. C. de Holanda, D. A. Dwyer, S. Prince, J. Haiston, Marco Pallavicini, T. J. Langford, E. Niner, Nikolaos Simos, L. V. Gomez Bermeo, E. Gamberini, Haleh Khani Hadavand, E. Chardonnet, A. Mastbaum, G. Prior, Filippo Resnati, J. Stock, M. Kordosky, F. Andrianala, B. Tapia Oregui, N. Nayak, James Stewart, W. Ketchum, C. A. Moura, J. Spitz, L. Stanco, E. McCluskey, Ihn Sik Seong, L. W. Koerner, J. Franc, B. R. Littlejohn, R. M. Berner, K. Vaziri, A. Marchionni, K. Mason, A. Rafique, Randall P. Johnson, E. Motuk, J. A. Nowak, T. Patzak, M. D. Messier, G. Savage, A. M. Iliescu, Yasaman Farzan, David Cussans, J. Soto-Oton, Alex Reynolds, K. Biery, Yanchu Wang, Konstantinos Manolopoulos, S. Bordoni, James Mueller, William J. Marciano, V. Aushev, W. Fox, G. Pessina, C. M. Sutera, E. Smith, A. D. Marino, J. J. De Vries, S. Shafaq, Olga Mena, S. Ravat, W. Mu, D. Marfatia, C. Hohl, R. Haenni, R. K. Plunkett, P. Cotte, C. Jesús-Valls, J.V. Dawson, F. Azfar, T. Wachala, A. P. Furmanski, Barry King, P.T. Smith, Juraj Bracinik, Andrew Blake, L. Jiang, Kristian Harder, J. Hewes, D. Newhart, A. J. Roeth, R. Acciarri, A. Borkum, N. McConkey, R. Mazza, Keith Rielage, J. G. Boissevain, J. Smolik, A. McNab, Stephen P. Gent, C. Castromonte, G. Vasseur, G. Lehmann Miotto, N. Dokania, Paolo Calafiura, Q. David, C. S. Mishra, Vlastimil Kus, Seodong Shin, M. Santos-Maldonado, S. Li, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Laura Dominé, Silvia Pascoli, Kim Siyeon, J. Zalesak, Gabriella Carini, Thorsten Lux, M. Dabrowski, Pedro A. N. Machado, T. Alion, A. Scarff, L. Corwin, L. Simard, S. L. Mufson, L. Pagani, J. Rodriguez Rondon, Alec Habig, Sandro Palestini, P. N. Ratoff, Timothy M. Shaw, D. Braga, S. Di Domizio, G. Meng, C. Petta, T. Kutter, Matheus Hostert, S. Murphy, R. Bajou, R. Northrop, V. J. Guarino, A. Joglekar, Marco Verzocchi, L. S. Gomez Fajardo, K. S. McFarland, C. T. Macias, Jürgen Pozimski, R. Raboanary, F. Sergiampietri, P. Schlabach, Z. Ahmad, Rex Tayloe, F. Marinho, F. Barao, Jianming Bian, D. Autiero, Poonam Mehta, C. Backhouse, Stephen J. Parke, J. Perry, T. Schaffer, B. Russell, K. Herner, R. Van Berg, J. Chaves, Francesco Gonnella, B. Paulos, N. Solomey, Laura Manenti, R. Sipos, S. Matsuno, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, J. K. Nelson, Hem Raj Sharma, Karol Lang, S. Bertolucci, Piera Sapienza, M. Shamma, A. Lambert, N. P. Samios, Andrew Smith, M. Manrique Plata, J. Bremer, C. K. Jung, G. Yang, I. Kreslo, Kyung-Suk Cho, A. Sousa, J. Urheim, D. Montanari, Giorgio Riccobene, A. Heavey, Grzegorz Deptuch, Stephen Hillier, M. Gold, Sergei Striganov, G. Brunetti, M. Vagins, T. Yang, A. Rappoldi, S. Ventura, S. Dennis, J. Ahmed, Narendra Sahu, Yi Chen, S. P. Kasetti, M. Betancourt, E. Pennacchio, Y. Penichot, K. Francis, F. Cavanna, Chao Zhang, A. Muir, A. Mazzacane, P. P. Koller, D. Whittington, N. Gallice, Wei Wu, G. Karagiorgi, F. W. Sippach, T. Li, F. Bonini, S. J. Patton, E. Church, M. Parvu, James A. Anderson, V. A. Kostelecký, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, V. Paolone, V. Pec, J. Pillow, S. Vergani, P. Vahle, G. A. Horton-Smith, C. Lastoria, E. Ewart, Claire David, D. Naples, I. Rakhno, Kazuhiro Terao, A. Paudel, V. Basque, G. S. Varner, M. H. Shaevitz, N. Barros, I. Caro Terrazas, R. Itay, Simon Lin, K. Wood, H. Duyang, H. Meyer, Katsuya Yonehara, S. Bolognesi, J. L. Raaf, J. Singh, V. A. Kudryavtsev, J. Wang, E. Kearns, A. C. Ezeribe, D. Belver, S. Zucchelli, S. Gollapinni, C. Sarasty, A. de Gouvea, Rukmani Mohanta, S. Martynenko, D. Shooltz, A. Schukraft, Andrew Norman, T. E. Coan, A. Lister, G. S. Davies, I. De Bonis, R. S. Fitzpatrick, B. Radics, Alan Watson, M. Spanu, Xiaolu Ji, L. Di Noto, A. M. Szelc, Alessandro Thea, K. Lande, E. D. Zimmerman, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Mafalda Dias, M. Wetstein, Ph. Lebrun, A. Christensen, S. Gwon, Matthew L Strait, L. Da Silva Peres, O. Goodwin, Jitendra Kumar, A. Gallego-Ros, M. Zito, G. Barenboim, N. Buchanan, S. Pordes, P. Weatherly, K. K. Guthikonda, James John Brooke, N. Mauri, A. Lawrence, Michael Mulhearn, I. K. Furic, M. M. Khabibullin, G. Testera, A. M. Teklu, John Matthews, A. Olivier, E. Blucher, L. Rakotondravohitra, B. Stillwell, M. Wallbank, S. B. Boyd, Matthew Mewes, Kai Loo, J. Trevor, W. E. Sondheim, Nikolina Ilic, T. Hill, M. O. Wascko, C. E. Tull, I. Kadenko, D. Waters, S. Prakash, D. Ruterbories, Antonino Sergi, S. Childress, T. Miao, A. Verdugo, D. Wenman, S. C. Timm, Y. Bezawada, R. Sharma, M. Biassoni, D. Pershey, V. P. Luzio, R. Saakyan, R. Nandakumar, E. Kemp, Aldo Penzo, R. J. Nichol, P. Guzowski, M. Eads, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, M. Sorel, D. Totani, Sandhya Choubey, Burak Bilki, Christopher J. Milne, J. C. Freeman, Kaushik De, Jordan Ott, Niki Saoulidou, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Mefodiev, V. N. Solovov, A. Holin, Gareth J. Barker, C. Cattadori, Patrick Green, R. Howell, M. Soderberg, A. C. Weber, X. Pons, J. G. Learned, T. Stokes, M. J. Dolinski, L. Montaño Zetina, M. J. Rodriguez Alonso, M. A. Acero, Yu. Kudenko, L. Li, J. Fowler, J. A. Musser, M. Leyton, M. E. Convery, D. Gratieri, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, S. Balasubramanian, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Brianne, C. Mossey, Kenneth Long, F. Pietropaolo, Raj Gandhi, T. Hasegawa, Giovanni Bellettini, M. Bhattacharjee, E. Granados, T. Lord, L. Zazueta, Alexander Deisting, B. Rebel, S. Green, Mathieu Bongrand, B. Behera, S. Emery, E. Mazzucato, H. Y. Liao, M. Masud, Amelia Maio, W. C. Louis, J. Freestone, D. Rivera, A. Surdo, S. Kasai, M. Worcester, H. S. Chen, George Adamov, A. Guglielmi, D. Franco, Joleen Pater, S. J. M. Peeters, K. Koehler, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. C. Goodman, G. Ge, Alexander Tapper, Thomas Strauss, D. C. Christian, Gregory Iles, A. Friedland, K. M. Heeger, K. Mavrokoridis, P. Lasorak, Srubabati Goswami, Z. Williams, S. Rescia, Andrés Castillo, David H. Adams, S. Santana, C. Mariani, D. A. Sanders, Carlos Escobar, R. A. Gomes, E. Gramellini, G. C. Blazey, J. Vasel, T. Durkin, H. Y. Wei, Alexandru Jipa, Olga Beltramello, M. Soares Nunes, J. A. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. T. Haigh, L.S. Rochester, L. Escudero Sanchez, Ara Ioannisian, T. L. Usher, H. T. Rakotondramanana, H. A. Tanaka, Marcelo M. Guzzo, P. Baesso, C. Kuruppu, T. R. Junk, A. Maddalena, M. Antonova, F. Spagliardi, John F. Beacom, Janet Conrad, T. Boschi, B. Kirby, A. Bross, A. Caminata, D. Warner, J. Rout, C. E. Thorn, Steven Gardiner, P. Madigan, B. Gelli, Gregory J. Michna, D. Douglas, I. L. De Icaza Astiz, D. Gibin, A. Mann, P. de Jong, B. T. Fleming, F. D. M. Blaszczyk, R. Poling, K. Negishi, M. Pozzato, M. Stancari, Francesco Tortorici, J. Nesbit, Kate Scholberg, O. Gogota, A. Tonazzo, M. P. Andrews, Simon Jones, John Heise, A. F. Moor, Daniel Gastler, J. Moon, P. E. L. Clarke, C. Palomares, M. Potekhin, J. Hartnell, B. Viren, D. J. Summers, L. Cremonesi, L. Fields, J. R. Macier, R. Milincic, P. Bernardini, Robert Shrock, J. Zennamo, Lina Necib, J. Migenda, L. Suter, A. Laundrie, B. 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A., Karolak M., Karyotakis Y., Kasai S., Kasetti S.P., Kashur L., Kazaryan N., Kearns E., Keener P., Kelly K.J., Kemp E., Ketchum W., Kettell S.H., Khabibullin M., Khotjantsev A., Khvedelidze A., Kim D., King B., Kirby B., Kirby M., Klein J., Koehler K., Koerner L.W., Kohn S., Koller P.P., Kordosky M., Kosc T., Kose U., Kostelecky V.A., Kothekar K., Krennrich F., Kreslo I., Kudenko Y., Kudryavtsev V.A., Kulagin S., Kumar J., Kumar R., Kuruppu C., Kus V., Kutter T., Lambert A., Lande K., Lane C.E., Lang K., Langford T., Lasorak P., Last D., Lastoria C., Laundrie A., Lawrence A., Lazanu I., LaZur R., Le T., Learned J., LeBrun P., Lehmann Miotto G., Lehnert R., Leigui de Oliveira M.A., Leitner M., Leyton M., Li L., Li S., Li S.W., Li T., Li Y., Liao H., Lin C.S., Lin S., Lister A., Littlejohn B.R., Liu J., Lockwitz S., Loew T., Lokajicek M., Lomidze I., Long K., Loo K., Lorca D., Lord T., LoSecco J.M., Louis W.C., Luk K.B., Luo X., Lurkin N., Lux T., Luzio V.P., MacFarland D., Machado 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Mooney, M, Moor, A, Moreno, D, Morgan, B, Morris, C, Mossey, C, Motuk, E, Moura, C, Mousseau, J, Mu, W, Mualem, L, Mueller, J, Muether, M, Mufson, S, Muheim, F, Muir, A, Mulhearn, M, Muramatsu, H, Murphy, S, Musser, J, Nachtman, J, Nagu, S, Nalbandyan, M, Nandakumar, R, Naples, D, Narita, S, Navas-Nicolas, D, Nayak, N, Nebot-Guinot, M, Necib, L, Negishi, K, Nelson, J, Nesbit, J, Nessi, M, Newbold, D, Newcomer, M, Newhart, D, Nichol, R, Niner, E, Nishimura, K, Norman, A, Norrick, A, Northrop, R, Novella, P, Nowak, J, Oberling, M, Olivares Del Campo, A, Olivier, A, Onel, Y, Onishchuk, Y, Ott, J, Pagani, L, Pakvasa, S, Palamara, O, Palestini, S, Paley, J, Pallavicini, M, Palomares, C, Pantic, E, Paolone, V, Papadimitriou, V, Papaleo, R, Papanestis, A, Paramesvaran, S, Parke, S, Parsa, Z, Parvu, M, Pascoli, S, Pasqualini, L, Pasternak, J, Pater, J, Patrick, C, Patrizii, L, Patterson, R, Patton, S, Patzak, T, Paudel, A, Paulos, B, Paulucci, L, Pavlovic, Z, Pawloski, G, Payne, D, Pec, V, Peeters, S, Penichot, Y, Pennacchio, E, Penzo, A, Peres, O, Perry, J, Pershey, D, Pessina, G, Petrillo, G, Petta, C, Petti, R, Piastra, F, Pickering, L, Pietropaolo, F, Pillow, J, Pinzino, J, Plunkett, R, Poling, R, Pons, X, Poonthottathil, N, Pordes, S, Potekhin, M, Potenza, R, Potukuchi, B, Pozimski, J, Pozzato, M, Prakash, S, Prakash, T, Prince, S, Prior, G, Pugnere, D, Qi, K, Qian, X, Raaf, J, Raboanary, R, Radeka, V, Rademacker, J, Radics, B, Rafique, A, Raguzin, E, Rai, M, Rajaoalisoa, M, Rakhno, I, Rakotondramanana, H, Rakotondravohitra, L, Ramachers, Y, Rameika, R, Ramirez Delgado, M, Ramson, B, Rappoldi, A, Raselli, G, Ratoff, P, Ravat, S, Razafinime, H, Real, J, Rebel, B, Redondo, D, Reggiani-Guzzo, M, Rehak, T, Reichenbacher, J, Reitzner, S, Renshaw, A, Rescia, S, Resnati, F, Reynolds, A, Riccobene, G, Rice, L, Rielage, K, Rigaut, Y, Rivera, D, Rochester, L, Roda, M, Rodrigues, P, Rodriguez Alonso, M, Rodriguez Rondon, J, Roeth, A, Rogers, H, Rosauro-Alcaraz, S, Rossella, M, Rout, J, Roy, S, Rubbia, A, Rubbia, C, Russell, B, Russell, J, Ruterbories, D, Saakyan, R, Sacerdoti, S, Safford, T, Sahu, N, Sala, P, Samios, N, Sanchez, M, Sanders, D, Sankey, D, Santana, S, Santos-Maldonado, M, Saoulidou, N, Sapienza, P, Sarasty, C, Sarcevic, I, Savage, G, Savinov, V, Scaramelli, A, Scarff, A, Scarpelli, A, Schaffer, T, Schellman, H, Schlabach, P, Schmitz, D, Scholberg, K, Schukraft, A, Segreto, E, Sensenig, J, Seong, I, Sergi, A, Sergiampietri, F, Sgalaberna, D, Shaevitz, M, Shafaq, S, Shamma, M, Sharma, H, Sharma, R, Shaw, T, Shepherd-Themistocleous, C, Shin, S, Shooltz, D, Shrock, R, Simard, L, Simos, N, Sinclair, J, Sinev, G, Singh, J, Singh, V, Sipos, R, Sippach, F, Sirri, G, Sitraka, A, Siyeon, K, Smargianaki, D, Smith, A, Smith, E, Smith, P, Smolik, J, Smy, M, Snopok, P, Soares Nunes, M, Sobel, H, Soderberg, M, Solano Salinas, C, Soldner-Rembold, S, Solomey, N, Solovov, V, Sondheim, W, Sorel, M, Soto-Oton, J, Sousa, A, Soustruznik, K, Spagliardi, F, Spanu, M, Spitz, J, Spooner, N, Spurgeon, K, Staley, R, Stancari, M, Stanco, L, Steiner, H, Stewart, J, Stillwell, B, Stock, J, Stocker, F, Stokes, T, Strait, M, Strauss, T, Striganov, S, Stuart, A, Summers, D, Surdo, A, Susic, V, Suter, L, Sutera, C, Svoboda, R, Szczerbinska, B, Szelc, A, Talaga, R, Tanaka, H, Tapia Oregui, B, Tapper, A, Tariq, S, Tatar, E, Tayloe, R, Teklu, A, Tenti, M, Terao, K, Ternes, C, Terranova, F, Testera, G, Thea, A, Thompson, J, Thorn, C, Timm, S, Tonazzo, A, Torti, M, Tortola, M, Tortorici, F, Totani, D, Toups, M, Touramanis, C, Trevor, J, Trzaska, W, Tsai, Y, Tsamalaidze, Z, Tsang, K, Tsverava, N, Tufanli, S, Tull, C, Tyley, E, Tzanov, M, Uchida, M, Urheim, J, Usher, T, Vagins, M, Vahle, P, Valdiviesso, G, Valencia, E, Vallari, Z, Valle, J, Vallecorsa, S, Van Berg, R, Van de Water, R, Vanegas Forero, D, Varanini, F, Vargas, D, Varner, G, Vasel, J, Vasseur, G, Vaziri, K, Ventura, S, Verdugo, A, Vergani, S, Vermeulen, M, Verzocchi, M, Vieira de Souza, H, Vignoli, C, Vilela, C, Viren, B, Vrba, T, Wachala, T, Waldron, A, Wallbank, M, Wang, H, Wang, J, Wang, Y, Warburton, K, Warner, D, Wascko, M, Waters, D, Watson, A, Weatherly, P, Weber, A, Weber, M, Wei, H, Weinstein, A, Wenman, D, Wetstein, M, While, M, White, A, Whitehead, L, Whittington, D, Wilking, M, Wilkinson, C, Williams, Z, Wilson, F, Wilson, R, Wolcott, J, Wongjirad, T, Wood, K, Wood, L, Worcester, E, Worcester, M, Wret, C, Wu, W, Xiao, Y, Yang, G, Yang, T, Yershov, N, Yonehara, K, Young, T, Yu, B, Yu, J, Zaki, R, Zalesak, J, Zambelli, L, Zamorano, B, Zani, A, Zazueta, L, Zeller, G, Zennamo, J, Zeug, K, Zhang, C, Zhao, M, Zhivun, E, Zhu, G, Zimmerman, E, Zito, M, Zucchelli, S, Zuklin, J, Zutshi, V, and Zwaska, R

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Neutrino experiment, 0103 physical sciences, Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Supernova, Neutrino, Physics, Time projection chamber, Neutrino, LAr TPC, Accretion (meteorology), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Galaxy, Supernova, Neutrino detector, Computer Science::Mathematical Software, Liquid argon, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino
Abstract

This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada;CERN;MŠMT,Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundación “La Caixa” and MICINN, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TÜB˙ITAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231., Data Availability Statement This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: This manuscript describes sensitivity studies for the DUNE experiment using simulation only, and as such there are no experimental data to report.], The deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE’s ability to constrain the νe spectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered., Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives CEA, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo FAPESP, U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC02-05CH11231 USDOE, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro FAPERJ, Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy MŠMT, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia FCT, Royal Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MICINN, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada NSERC, UK Research and Innovation UKRI, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq, National Research Foundation of Korea NRF, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules IN2P3, H2020-EU, European Commission EC, European Regional Development Fund ERDF, TÜBİTAK, CERN, U.S. Department of Energy USDOE, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás FAPEG, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Atlanta MSCA, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung SNF, Singapore Eye Research Institute SERI, Fermi Research Alliance, LLC DE-AC02-07CH11359, National Science Foundation NSF, Science and Technology Facilities Council STFC

Published
2021
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45. Investigation of the subsurface structure of a sunspot based on the spatial distribution of oscillation centers inferred from umbral flashes

Author

Maria S. Madjarska, Jongchul Chae, and Kyung-Suk Cho

Subjects
Shock wave, Convection, Physics, Photosphere, Sunspot, Oscillation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Atmosphere, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Magnetohydrodynamics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Convection cell
Abstract

The subsurface structure of a solar sunspot is important in the stability of the sunspots and the energy transport therein. Two subsurface structure models have been proposed, the monolithic and cluster models, but no clear observational evidence supporting a particular model has been found so far. To obtain clues about the subsurface structure of sunspots, we analyzed umbral flashes in merging sunspots registered by IRIS Mg II 2796 Angstrom slit-jaw images (SJIs). Umbral flashes are regarded as an observational manifestation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shock waves originating from convection cells below the photosphere. By tracking the motion of individual umbral flashes, we determined the position of the convection cells that are the oscillation centers located below the umbra. We found that the oscillation centers are preferentially located at dark nuclei in the umbral cores rather than in bright regions such as light bridges or umbral dots. Moreover, the oscillation centers tend to deviate from the convergent interface of the merging sunspots where vigorous convection is expected to occur. We also found that the inferred depths of the convection cells have no noticeable regional dependence. These results suggest that the subsurface of the umbra is an environment where convection can occur more easily than the convergent interface, and hence support the cluster model. For more concrete results, further studies based on umbral velocity oscillations in the lower atmosphere are required., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2021
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46. Seasonal Dynamics of Bacterial Community Structure in Diesel Oil-Contaminated Soil Cultivated with Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Author

Yun-Yeong Lee, Soo Yeon Lee, Sang Don Lee, and Kyung-Suk Cho

Subjects
endocrine system, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, complex mixtures, rhizoremediation, diesel-contaminated soil, tall fescue, bacterial community structures, association analysis
Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the seasonal characteristics of rhizoremediation and the bacterial community structure over the course of a year in soil contaminated with diesel oil. The soil was contaminated with diesel oil at a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 30,000 mg-TPH·kg-soil−1. Tall fescue seedlings were planted in the contaminated soil and rhizoremediation performance was monitored for 317 days. The TPH concentration gradually declined, reaching 75.6% after day 61. However, the TPH removability decreased by up to 30% after re-contamination in the fall and winter. The bacterial community structure exhibited distinct seasonal dynamics. Genus Pseudomonas significantly increased up to 55.7% in the winter, while the genera Immundisolibacter and Lysobacter, well-known petroleum hydrocarbon (PH)-degrading bacteria, were found to be positively linked to the TPH removal rate. Consequently, knowledge of this seasonal variation in rhizoremediation performance and the bacterial community structure is useful for the improvement of rhizoremediation in PH-contaminated environments.

Published
2022

47. Application of NASA core Flight System to Telescope Control Software for 2017 Total Solar Eclipse Observation

Author

Jongyeob Park, Jae-Ok Lee, Jihun Kim, Su-Chan Bong, Kyung-Suk Cho, Seonghwan Choi, Bi-Ho Jang, Young-Deuk Park, Yong-Jae Moon, Ji-Hye Baek, Heesu Yang, Sujin Kim, Yeon-Han Kim, Elizabeth Timmons, and Joseph-paul A. Swinski

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

The core Flight System (cFS), developed by NASA, is a reusable software framework and a set of pluggable software applications that take advantage of the rich heritage of NASA’s successful space missions. We applied the cFS to the development of telescope control software for the observation of the 2017 total solar eclipse. Four main modules were developed: imaging control, mechanism control, data handling, and automated observation. Other modules, such as communication and scheduler, were reused from the cFS. Using an integrated observation system, we successfully observed the total solar eclipse, in which the linearly polarized brightness of the solar corona and sky background were measured at four different wavelengths. In this study, we demonstrated the usefulness of the cFS to develop telescope control software through an eclipse observation system, the so-called DICE (DIagnostic Coronagraph Experiment) mission. Our experience and knowledge of the cFS were expanded to a flight software BITSE (Balloon-borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the corona), the high-altitude scientific balloon mission in 2019. We plan to apply this approach to future solar coronagraph observations, such as CODEX (COronal Diagnostic EXperiment), on the International Space Station. We expect that the cFS can also be applied in telescope control software for ground-and space-based observations.

Published
2022

48. The Balloon-borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the corona (BITSE): Mission Description and Preliminary Results

Author

Nat Gopalswamy, Pertti Makela, Ji-Hye Baek, Y.-D. Park, Heesu Yang, Seonghwan Choi, Jeffrey Newmark, J.-O. Lee, N. Thakur, Yeon-Han Kim, Eun-Kyung Lim, Nelson L. Reginald, Jongyeob Park, Rok-Soon Kim, Qian Gong, Kyung-Suk Cho, Seiji Yashiro, Su-Chan Bong, and J-H. Kim

Subjects
Physics, Solar minimum, Brightness, Center (category theory), Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Corona, law.invention, Solar wind, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Space Science, 0210 nano-technology, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Coronagraph, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

We report on the Balloonborne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the corona (BITSE) mission launched recently to observe the solar corona from about 3 Rs to 15 Rs at four wavelengths (393.5, 405.0, 398.7, and 423.4 nm). The BITSE instrument is an externally occulted single stage coronagraph developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in collaboration with the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). BITSE used a polarization camera that provided polarization and total brightness images of size 1024 x 1024 pixels. The Wallops Arc Second Pointing (WASP) system developed at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) was used for Sun-pointing. The coronagraph and WASP were mounted on a gondola provided by WFF and launched from the Fort Sumner, New Mexico station of Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF) on September 18, 2019. BITSE obtained 17,060 coronal images at a float altitude of about 128,000 feet (39 km) over a period of about 4 hrs. BITSE flight software was based on NASA's core Flight System, which was designed to help develop flight quality software. We used EVTM (Ethernet Via Telemetry) to download science data during operations; all images were stored onboard using flash storage. At the end of the mission, all data were recovered and analyzed. Preliminary analysis shows that BITSE imaged the solar minimum corona with the equatorial streamers on the east and west limbs. The narrow streamers observed by BITSE are in good agreement with the geometric properties obtained by SOHO coronagraphs in the overlapping physical domain. In spite of the small signal-to-noise ratio (about 14) we were able to obtain the temperature and flow speed of the western steamer region in the range 4 to 7 Rs as: For the equatorial streamer on the west limb, we obtained a temperature of 1.0 +/- 0.3 MK and a flow speed of about 260 km/s with a large uncertainty interval., 40 pages, 25 figures, 4 tables, 3 electronic supplements, to appear in Solar Physics

Published
2020

49. Characterization of nitrous oxide reduction by

Author

Hyung-Joo, Park, Ji Hyeon, Kwon, Jeonghee, Yun, and Kyung-Suk, Cho

Subjects
Sewage, Genes, Bacterial, Microbial Consortia, Denitrification, Nitrous Oxide, Rhodocyclaceae, Wastewater, Phylogeny, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Purification
Abstract

A new nitrous oxide (N

Published
2020

50. Effect of Dust Rotational Disruption by Radiative Torques and Implications for F-corona decrease revealed by the Parker Solar Probe

Author

Alex Lazarian, Pin-Gao Gu, Thiem Hoang, Kyung-Suk Cho, Chi-Hang Ng, and Hye Seung Lee

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Corona (optical phenomenon), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Torque, Atomic physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The first-year results from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) reveal a gradual decrease of F-coronal dust from distances of $D=0.166-0.336$ AU (or the inner elongations of $\sim 9.22- 18.69~R_{\odot}$) to the Sun (Howard et al. 2019). Such a F-corona decrease cannot be explained by the dust sublimation scenario of the popular silicate composition that implies a dust-free-zone of boundary at heliocentric radius $R\lesssim 4-5R_{\odot}$, but may be explained by appealing to various dust compositions with different sublimation fronts. In this paper, we present an additional explanation for the F-corona decrease using our newly introduced mechanism of dust destruction so-called Radiative Torque Disruption (RATD) mechanism. We demonstrate that RATD rapidly breaks large grains into nanoparticles so that they can be efficiently destroyed by nonthermal sputtering induced by bombardment of energetic protons from slow solar winds, which extends the dust-free-zone established by thermal sublimation to $R_{dfz}\sim 8R_{\odot}$. Beyond this extended dust-free-zone, we find that the dust mass decreases gradually from $R\sim 42R_{\odot}$ toward the Sun due to partial removal of nanodust by nonthermal sputtering. The joint effect of RATD and nonthermal sputtering can successfully reproduce the gradual decrease of the F-corona between $19-9R_{\odot}$ observed by the PSP. Finally, the RATD mechanism can efficiently produce nanoparticles usually observed in the inner solar system., 14 pages, 7 figures, accepted to ApJ

Published
2020

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