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307 results on '"Kaniewski, Nadine"'

1. Genome-wide linkage screen for testicular germ cell tumour susceptibility loci

Author: D. Timothy Bishop, Radka Lohynska, Robert Huddart, Douglas F. Easton, Ludmila Liubchenko, Katherine L. Nathanson, Michael R. Stratton, Barbara L. Weber, Kelly-Anne Phillips, Parry Guilford, Michael Friedlander, Hans Stoll, Stéphane Richard, Catherine Bonaïti-Pellié, T. Oliver, Wilma Ormiston, Katherine M. Tucker, Mark H. Greene, Joan Kramer, David Forman, Elizabeth A. Rapley, Lawrence H. Einhorn, Gedske Daugaard, Axel Heidenreich, Sergei Tjulandin, Walter P. Weber, Michael A.S. Jewett, David W. Hogg, Sophie D. Fosså, Peter Albers, Rachel Linger, Lajos Géczi, Lola Johnson, Darshna Dudakia, Mary L. McMaster, Ketil Heimdal, István Bodrogi, Victoria K. Cortessis, Edith Olah, Peter A. Daly, Gillian P. Crockford, Agnès Chompret, Sarah Hockley, Kaniewski, Nadine, Genetic Epidemiology Division, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Saint James's University Hospital, Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of cancer research, Academic Radiotherapy Unit, Dept of Medical Oncology, Division of Medicine, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW)-Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick, Dept of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Dept of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University hospital of Prague, Dept of Oncology, Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital-Copenhagen University Hospital, Génétique oncologique (GO - UMR 8125), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'urologie, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Onco-génétique, Département de médecine oncologique [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Génétique épidémiologique et structures des populations humaines (Inserm U535), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dept of Urological Oncology, Phillips university, Department of Urology, Klinikum Kassel GmbH, Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Chemotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, St James's hospital, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Departments of Clinical Cancer Research and genetics, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Trust, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Oncology, Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Cancer Epidemiology, University of Leeds-Cookridge Hospital, Barts and The London Queen Mary's School of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Depts of Medicine and Biostatistics and Epidemology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute-Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania-University of Pennsylvania, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC)-University of Southern California (USC), Cancer Research U.K. Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Hôpital Bicêtre-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]
Subjects: Male, Genetic Linkage, MESH: Pedigree, Locus (genetics), Pedigree chart, Biology, MESH: Chromosomes, Human, X, Genetic Heterogeneity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Testicular Neoplasms, Gene mapping, Genetic linkage, Genetics, Genetic predisposition, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), MESH: Genome, Human, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Testicular Neoplasms, Chromosomes, Human, X, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, Genome, Human, Genetic heterogeneity, MESH: Genetic Heterogeneity, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Chromosome Mapping, Family aggregation, General Medicine, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal, Human genetics, MESH: Male, Pedigree, 3. Good health, MESH: Lod Score, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Lod Score, MESH: Chromosome Mapping, MESH: Female, MESH: Linkage (Genetics)
Abstract: A family history of disease is a strong risk factor for testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT). In order to identify the location of putative TGCT susceptibility gene(s) we conducted a linkage search in 237 pedigrees with two or more cases of TGCT. One hundred and seventy-nine pedigrees were evaluated genome-wide with an average inter-marker distance of 10 cM. An additional 58 pedigrees were used to more intensively investigate several genomic regions of interest. Genetic linkage analysis was performed with the ALLEGRO software using two model-based parametric analyses and a non-parametric analysis. Six genomic regions on chromosomes 2p23, 3p12, 3q26, 12p13-q21, 18q21-q23 and Xq27 showed heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) scores of greater than 1, with a maximum HLOD of 1.94 at 3q26. Genome-wide simulation studies indicate that the observed number of HLOD peaks greater than one does not differ significantly from that expected by chance. A TGCT locus at Xq27 has been previously reported. Of the 237 pedigrees examined in this study, 66 were previously unstudied at Xq27, no evidence for linkage to this region was observed in this new pedigree set. Overall, the results indicate that no single major locus can account for the majority of the familial aggregation of TGCT, and suggests that multiple susceptibility loci with weak effects contribute to the disease.
Published: 2017

2. Sleep Disturbances and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From the GAZEL Cohort Study

Author: Jussi Vahtera, Marcel Goldberg, Mika Kivimäki, Theis Lange, Hugo Westerlund, Marie Zins, Naja Hulvej Rod, Kaniewski, Nadine, Department of Public Health [Copenhagen], Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital (TYKS)-University of Turku, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The GAZEL cohort study was funded by EDF-GDF and INSERM, and received grants from the Cohortes Santé TGIR Program. NHR was supported by the Danish Medical Research Council [grant no. 09-062115]. MK was supported by National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (HL36310), National Institute on Aging (AG34454), US, NIH, BUPA Foundation, UK, the EU New OSH ERA research programme, and together with JV by Academy of Finland (projects 124271, 124322 and 129262), Finland. HW was supported by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS, grants #2004-2021 and #2007-1143)., University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Turku-Turku University Hospital (TYKS), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, Original Contributions, Comorbidity, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Body mass index, 2. Zero hunger, Sleep disorder, education.field_of_study, Longitudinal studies, Mortality rate, Hazard ratio, Sleep disorders, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Europe, Hypertension, Female, Cohort study, Adult, Sleep Wake Disorders, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Cause of death, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Sex Distribution, Mortality, Risk factor, education, Proportional Hazards Models, business.industry, medicine.disease, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; Poor sleep is an increasing problem in modern society, but most previous studies on the association between sleep and mortality rates have addressed only duration, not quality, of sleep. The authors prospectively examined the effects of sleep disturbances on mortality rates and on important risk factors for mortality, such as body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes. A total of 16,989 participants in the GAZEL cohort study were asked validated questions on sleep disturbances in 1990 and were followed up until 2009, with
Published: 2010

3. Scenarios of future lung cancer incidence by educational level: Modelling study in Denmark

Author: Jan Willem Coebergh, Esther de Vries, Gwenn Menvielle, Jan J. Barendregt, Gerda Engholm, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Anton E. Kunst, Public Health, Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Harvard School of Public Health, Dept Cancer Prevention & Documentation, Danish Cancer Society, School of Population Health, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Eindhoven Cancer Registry, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Kaniewski, Nadine, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Amsterdam Public Health, and Public and occupational health
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Denmark, medicine.medical_treatment, Smoking Prevention, socioeconomic factors, forecasting, Models, Biological, smoking, educational status, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Lung neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Computer Simulation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sex Distribution, Lung cancer, Smoking Reduction, Socioeconomic status, Aged, business.industry, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Cancer, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Cancer registry, Oncology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, incidence, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract: Objective: To model future trends in lung cancer incidence in Denmark by education under different scenarios for cigarette smoking. Methods: Lung cancer incidence until 2050 was modelled using Prevent software. We estimated lung cancer incidence under a baseline scenario and under four alternative scenarios for smoking reduction: decreasing initiation rates among the young, increasing cessation rates among smokers, a scenario combining both changes and a levelling-up scenario in which people with low and medium levels of education acquired the smoking prevalence of the highly educated. Danish National Health Interview Surveys (1987-2005) and cancer registry data combined with individual education status from Statistics Denmark were used for empirical input. Results: Under the baseline scenario, lung cancer rates are expected to decrease for most educational groups during the next few decades, but educational inequalities will increase further. Under the alternative scenarios, an additional decrease in lung cancer rates will be observed from 2030 onwards, but only from 2050 onwards it will be observed under the initiation scenario. The cessation and the combined scenarios show the largest decrease in lung cancer rates for all educational groups. However, in none of these scenarios would the relative differences between educational groups be reduced. A modest decrease in these inequalities will be observed under the levelling-up scenario. Discussion: Our analyses show that relative inequalities in lung cancer incidence rates will tend to increase. They may be reduced to a small extent if the smoking prevalence of people with a low level of education was to converge towards those more highly educated people. An important decrease in lung cancer rates will be observed in all educational groups, however, especially when focusing on both initiation and cessation strategies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010

4. Occupation and occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in male breast cancer: a case-control study in Europe

Author: Pascal Guénel, Franco Merletti, Linda Kaerlev, Giuseppe Gorini, Mikael Eriksson, Cornelia Baumgardt-Elms, Lennart Hardell, Elsebeth Lynge, Sara Villeneuve, Laurent Orsi, Svend Sabroe, Diane Cyr, Wolfgang Ahrens, María Morales-Suárez-Varela, Joelle Fevotte, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Public Health [Copenhagen], Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Epidemiology, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Université de Turin-CERMS and Centre for Oncologic Prevention, Epidemiology and Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, ISPO Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Université de Valence, Centro de Investigation Biomedica en Red (CB06/02/045), Institute Carlo III, Research Foundation, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Bremen Institute for Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Hamburg Cancer Registry, Center for National Clinical Databases South, Odense University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Örebro University Hospital [Örebro, Sweden], Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS), Kaniewski, Nadine, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Universitat de València (UV)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Breast Neoplasms, Endocrine Disruptors, Article, Breast Neoplasms, Male, Occupational medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Occupational Exposure, Internal medicine, Environmental health, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Industry, Occupations, skin and connective tissue diseases, Aged, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Case-control study, Cancer, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030210 environmental & occupational health, 3. Good health, Occupational Exposures, Europe, Occupational Diseases, Endocrinology, Endocrine disruptor, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Male breast cancer, Educational Status, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Breast disease, Epidemiologic Methods, business
Abstract: Objectives Male breast cancer is a rare disease of largely unknown aetiology. In addition to genetic and hormone-related risk factors, a large number of environmental chemicals are suspected of playing a role in breast cancer. The identification of occupations or occupational exposures associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer in men may help to identify mammary carcinogens in the environment. Methods Occupational risk factors for male breast cancer were investigated in a multi-centre case-control study conducted in eight European countries which included 104 cases and 1901 controls. Lifetime work history was obtained during in-person interviews. Occupational exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (alkylphenolic compounds, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins) were assessed on a case-by-case basis using expert judgement. Results Male breast cancer incidence was particularly increased in motor vehicle mechanics (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.4) with a dose-effect relationship with duration of employment. It was also increased in paper makers and painters, forestry and logging workers, health and social workers, and furniture manufacture workers. The OR for exposure to alkylphenolic compounds above the median was 3.8 (95% CI 1.5 to 9.5). This association persisted after adjustment for occupational exposures to other environmental oestrogens. Conclusion These findings suggest that some environmental chemicals are possible mammary carcinogens. Petrol, organic petroleum solvents or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are suspect because of the consistent elevated risk of male breast cancer observed in motor vehicle mechanics. Endocrine disruptors such as alkylphenolic compounds may play a role in breast cancer.
Published: 2010

5. Context and Sequelae of Food Insecurity in Children's Development

Author: Avshalom Caspi, Daniel W. Belsky, Louise Arseneault, Maria Melchior, Terrie E. Moffitt, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University [Durham], Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Psychiatry Institute, King‘s College London, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The E-Risk Study is funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC grant G9806489). Additional support was provided by NICHD HD061298, NIMH MH077874, NIDA P30 DA023026, and Economic and Social Research Council RES-177-25-0013. Dr. Arseneault is supported by a Career Scientist Award from the Department of Health UK. Dr. Caspi is a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award holder., Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Male, Domestic Violence, Longitudinal study, MESH: Food Supply, Epidemiology, MESH: Poverty, Original Contributions, Health Status, MESH: Nutritional Requirements, Body Mass Index, Food Supply, Developmental psychology, Child Development, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, MESH: Child, MESH: Domestic Violence, Cognitive development, 030212 general & internal medicine, Parent-Child Relations, Child, MESH: Health Status, media_common, MESH: Diet Surveys, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, MESH: Nutritional Status, Child, Preschool, Female, Psychology, MESH: Parent-Child Relations, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Nutritional Status, Context (language use), Diet Surveys, MESH: Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 030225 pediatrics, MESH: United States, medicine, Humans, Personality, Psychiatry, Poverty, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Child Development, MESH: Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Nutritional Requirements, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Mental health, Child development, MESH: Male, United States, Socioeconomic Factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Household income, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Female, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; The authors examined the role of food insecurity in the etiology of children's cognitive and mental health problems. Data from a prospective longitudinal study of 1,116 United Kingdom families with twins (sample constructed in 1999-2000) were used to test associations among household food insecurity; income; maternal personality; household sensitivity to children's needs; and children's cognitive, behavioral, and emotional development. Food-insecure children had lower IQs and higher levels of behavioral and emotional problems relative to their peers. After differences in household income, the personalities of children's mothers, and the sensitivity of household organization to children's needs were accounted for, food-insecure children had moderately higher levels of emotional problems relative to food-secure children (β = 0.22, P = 0.02). Differences in children's cognitive development were accounted for by household income, and differences in their behavioral development were accounted for by their mothers' personalities and their households' sensitivity to children's needs. Results suggest that food insecurity was associated with school-aged children's emotional problems but not with their cognitive or behavioral problems after accounting for differences in the home environments in which children were reared. Mothers' personality and household sensitivity to children's needs may present challenges to improving outcomes of children with food insecurity.
Published: 2010

6. Do different measures of early life socioeconomic circumstances predict adult mortality? Evidence from the British Whitehall II and French GAZEL studies

Author: Aline Dugravot, Mika Kivimäki, Jane E. Ferrie, Marie Zins, Archana Singh-Manoux, Marcel Goldberg, Silvia Stringhini, Martin J. Shipley, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre de Gérontologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Sainte Perine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Kaniewski, Nadine, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Epidemiology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, France/epidemiology, MESH: Proportional Hazards Models, MESH: Cause of Death, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, Cause of Death, Medicine, MESH: Neoplasms, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Cohort Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality, Cause of death, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Risk, United Kingdom/epidemiology, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, Early life, 3. Good health, Cardiovascular Diseases, MESH: Great Britain, Female, France, Neoplasms/mortality, Socioeconomic Indicator, Cohort study, Adult, Risk, Social class, Article, MESH: Social Class, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Occupations, Socioeconomic status, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Cardiovascular mortality, MESH: Occupations, MESH: Humans, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Cardiovascular Diseases, MESH: Adult, United Kingdom, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Social Class, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, Follow-Up Studies, Demography
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Father's occupational position, education and height have all been used to examine the effects of adverse early life socioeconomic circumstances on health, but it remains unknown whether they predict mortality equally well. METHODS: We used pooled data on 18,393 men and 7060 women from the Whitehall II and GAZEL cohorts to examine associations between early life socioeconomic circumstances and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: During the 20-y follow-up period, 1487 participants died. Education had a monotonic association with all mortality outcomes; the age, sex and cohort-adjusted HR for the lowest versus the highest educational group was 1.45 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.69) for all-cause mortality. There was evidence of a U-shaped association between height and all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality robust to adjustment for the other indicators (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.93 for those shorter than average and HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.88 for those taller than average for cardiovascular mortality). Greater all-cause and cancer mortality was observed in participants whose father's occupational position was manual rather than non-manual (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.23 for all-cause mortality), but the risks were attenuated after adjusting for education and height. CONCLUSIONS: The association between early life socioeconomic circumstances and mortality depends on the socioeconomic indicator used and the cause of death examined. Height is not a straightforward measure of early life socioeconomic circumstances as taller people do not have a health advantage for all mortality outcomes.
Published: 2010

7. Work disability following major organisational change: the Whitehall II study

Author: Mika Kivimäki, Archana Singh-Manoux, Tasnime N. Akbaraly, Marianna Virtanen, Martin J. Shipley, Jussi Vahtera, David Gimeno, Jane E. Ferrie, Michael Marmot, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Faculty of Behavioral Sciences, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre de Gérontologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Sainte Perine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), The Institute for Work and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Turku-Finnish Institute of Occupational Health-Turku University Hospital (TYKS), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Turku University Hospital (TYKS)-University of Turku-Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: Adult, Employment, Male, Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Article, Cohort Studies, Occupational medicine, Disability Evaluation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Work Schedule Tolerance, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Workplace, Finland, Pension, Public Sector, business.industry, Public health, Public sector, Administrative Personnel, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Middle Aged, Private sector, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Mental health, Organizational Innovation, Occupational Diseases, Work (electrical), [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 8. Economic growth, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, business, Stress, Psychological, Follow-Up Studies, Cohort study
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Privatisation and private sector practices have been increasingly applied to the public sector in many industrialised countries. Over the same period, long-term work disability has risen substantially. We examined whether a major organisational change--the transfer of public sector work to executive agencies run on private sector lines--was associated with an increased risk of work disability. METHODS: The study uses self-reported data from the prospective Whitehall II cohort study. Associations between transfer to an executive agency assessed at baseline (1991-1994) and work disability ascertained over a period of approximately 8 years at three follow-up surveys (1995-1996, 1997-1999 and 2001) were examined using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: In age- and sex-adjusted models, risk of work disability was higher among the 1263 employees who were transferred to an executive agency (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.48) compared with the 3419 employees whose job was not transferred. These findings were robust to additional adjustment for physical and mental health and health behaviours at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Increased work disability was observed among employees exposed to the transfer of public sector work to executive agencies run on private sector lines. This may highlight an unintentional cost for employees, employers and society.
Published: 2010

8. Seeking care for lower back pain in the French population aged from 30 to 69: The results of the 2002–2003 Décennale Santé survey

Author: Jean-Louis Lanoë, Anna Ozguler, Jean-François Chastang, Aurélia Plenet, Julie Gourmelen, Annette Leclerc, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Office Visits, Insurance Coverage, Disability Evaluation, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, Back pain, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, health care economics and organizations, education.field_of_study, Rehabilitation, General population, Health Care Costs, Middle Aged, Low back pain, 3. Good health, Occupational Diseases, Population générale, Income, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Family Practice, Adult, Physical Therapy Specialty, medicine.medical_specialty, Occupational risk, Population, Seeking care, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, health services administration, medicine, Humans, Lower back pain, education, Physical Therapy Modalities, Aged, Health professionals, business.industry, Lombalgie, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Health Surveys, Socioeconomic Factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, Physical therapy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Health Expenditures, Recours aux soins, business, Low Back Pain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency with which members of the French general population in the 30-to-69 age class sought care for lower back pain (LBP) from various healthcare professionals and to identify associated parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected in the 2002-2003 Décennale Santé survey, which is representative of ordinary households in continental France. We assessed the frequency with which the 17,792 surveyed individuals sought care for LBP by considering consultations with healthcare professionals in general and consultations with general practitioners and physiotherapists in particular. RESULTS: Among the survey subjects, 4.5% reported that they had sought treatment for LBP from a healthcare professional at least once during the 2-month survey period. The decision to seek care was correlated with the characteristics of the LBP. The duration of the pain was associated with the frequency of all types of consultation studied here. Sociodemographic, economic and occupational risk factors were also involved. Consultation with a physiotherapist was related to income. CONCLUSION: These results from a representative sample of the French general population show that the factors associated with seeking treatment for LBP differ according to the type of healthcare professional consulted.
Published: 2010

9. The intergenerational transmission of tobacco smoking—The role of parents’ long-term smoking trajectories

Author: Eric Fombonne, Dorene Mackinnon, Maria Melchior, J.-F. Chastang, Cédric Galéra, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Service de pédopsychiatrie, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Hôpital Charles Perrens, Child Psychiatry, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Kaniewski, Nadine, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre hospitalier Charles Perrens [Bordeaux]
Subjects: Male, Parents, Gerontology, Longitudinal study, Time Factors, Young adulthood, Epidemiology, 030508 substance abuse, MESH: Logistic Models, Parental smoking history, Social Environment, Toxicology, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Child, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Parent-Child Relations, Young adult, Child, media_common, MESH: Social Environment, Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Tobacco smoking, Adolescence, Psychiatry and Mental health, MESH: Young Adult, Intergenerational Relations, Cohort, MESH: Intergenerational Relations, Female, France, 0305 other medical science, Adult, MESH: Parent-Child Relations, MESH: Smoking, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Offspring, media_common.quotation_subject, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, MESH: Adolescent, Pharmacology, MESH: Parents, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Questionnaires, Public health, Addiction, MESH: Time Factors, Social environment, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, MESH: Tobacco Use Disorder, MESH: France, Logistic Models, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, Follow-Up Studies, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Youths whose parents smoke tobacco may be at elevated risk of smoking themselves. However, the association between parental long-term smoking history and offspring regular tobacco use is not well known. Using data collected on 1121 youths (12-26 years) participating in the GAZEL Youth study, a French community-based cohort, we tested the association between parental long-term smoking trajectory and offspring regular smoking. Parental smoking trajectory over 11 years (1989-1999) was measured by yearly reports obtained from the parent. Statistical analyses controlled for youth's sex, age, alcohol use and disruptive behavioral problems, parent's sex, as well as family socioeconomic position. Overall, 27% of study youths smoked regularly. Compared to offspring of non-smokers, those of persistent smokers had twofold smoking rates (age and sex-adjusted OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30-2.79, fully-adjusted OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.31-2.93). Additionally, persistent parental smoking predicted offspring heavy smoking and early smoking initiation. Overall, maternal smoking was more strongly associated with youths' regular smoking than paternal smoking (fully-adjusted ORs: 3.12, 95% 1.58-6.16 vs. 1.47, 95% 0.87-2.49). These results suggest that efforts to decrease the burden of tobacco smoking among youths may be more efficient if focused on families rather than on individuals.
Published: 2010

10. Investigating the spatial variability in incidence of coronary heart disease in the Gazel Cohort: the impact of area socioeconomic position and mediating role of risk factors

Author: Romain Silhol, Marie Zins, Basile Chaix, Pierre Chauvin, Kaniewski, Nadine, ESIM - Déterminants Sociaux de la Santé et du Recours aux Soins (DS3), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Epidemiology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Overweight, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Demography, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Status Indicators, MESH: Incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Middle Aged, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: Life Style, Middle Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Social Conditions, Epidemiological Monitoring, Cohort, Female, France, medicine.symptom, MESH: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring, Cohort study, Adult, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, Article, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, MESH: Social Class, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Health Status Indicators, Environmental health, MESH: Cities, medicine, Humans, MESH: Social Conditions, cardiovascular diseases, Cities, Occupations, Risk factor, Life Style, Socioeconomic status, Demography, MESH: Occupations, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, MESH: Questionnaires, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Cardiovascular Diseases, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Obesity, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Multivariate Analysis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to improve understanding of the relationships between contextual socioeconomic characteristics and coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence in France. Several authors have suggested that CHD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, overweight, tobacco consumption) may partly mediate associations between socioeconomic environmental variables and CHD. Studies have assessed the overall mediating role of CHD risk factors, but have never investigated the specific mediating role of each risk factor, not allowing their specific contribution to the area socioeconomic position-CHD association to be disentangled. DESIGN: After assessing geographical variations in CHD incidence and socioeconomic environmental effects on CHD using a multilevel Cox model, the extent to which this contextual effect was mediated by each of the CHD risk factors was assessed. PARTICIPANTS: Data of the French GAZEL cohort (n=19,808) were used. MAIN RESULTS: After adjustment for several individual socioeconomic indicators, it was found, in men from highly urbanised environments, that CHD incidence increased with decreasing socioeconomic position of the residential environment. After individual-level adjustment, a higher risk of obesity, smoking and cholesterol was observed in the most deprived residential environments. When risk factors were introduced into the model, a modest decrease was observed in the magnitude of the association between the socioeconomic contextual variable and CHD. Risk factors that contributed most to the decrease of the association were smoking and cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Classic risk factors, although some of them more than others, mediated a modest part of the association between area socioeconomic position and CHD.
Published: 2009

11. Epidemiology of low back pain: What's new?

Author: Michel Rossignol, Anette Leclerc, S. Rozenberg, Service de rhumatologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (GRC-08 EEMOIS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Kaniewski, Nadine, Service de Rhumatologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: MESH: Occupational Diseases, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Chronic Disease, MESH: Low Back Pain, Disease progression, 3. Good health, MESH: France, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, 0302 clinical medicine, Chronic disease, MESH: Practice Guidelines as Topic, Rheumatology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Acute Disease, Medicine, MESH: Disease Progression, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Humanities, MESH: Prevalence, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Les indicateurs de fréquence de la lombalgie ont été relativement stables dans la dernière décennie, comme en attestent les résultats d'enquêtes réalisées sur ce sujet en France et ailleurs dans les pays industrialisés. Ce constat d'échec relatif de la prévention primaire a donné lieu à une intensification des efforts de recherche dans le domaine des facteurs contributifs de la lombalgie chronique. Ces facteurs sont assez bien documentés maintenant et les résultats des études convergent entre les pays. Malgré tout, la fréquence populationnelle de la lombalgie chronique a peu évoluée. La recherche s'oriente présentement vers le transfert des données de recherche pour la pratique clinique, avec une insistance sur des moyens pratiques à mettre en œuvre par le clinicien, par les patients et par les praticiens de la santé au travail, et sur la coordination des actions entre ces acteurs. Au plan de la recherche, émergent, pour la première fois, des consensus internationaux pour définir la lombalgie, sa gravité, son évolution et ses facteurs de risque, incluant les contraintes ergonomiques en milieu de travail. Ces travaux devraient faciliter les échanges d'information entre les pays pour une meilleure interprétation et utilisation des connaissances par les milieux cliniques et de travail.
Published: 2009

12. The French GAZEL Cohort Study: 20 years of epidemiologic research

Author: Marcel Goldberg, Annette Leclerc, Marie Zins, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Follow-up, Occupational prestige, Poison control, Biobank, Occupational safety and health, 3. Good health, Occupational medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Cohort, medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cohort study, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Psychology, Open Epidemiologic Laboratory, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The GAZEL Cohort Study was set up in 1989 among Électricité de France-Gaz de France (EDF-GDF) workers. It is an open epidemiologic laboratory characterized by a broad coverage of health problems and determinants and accessible to the community of researchers. At inception in 1989, the GAZEL Cohort Study included 20 625 volunteers working at EDF-GDF then aged from 35 to 50 years (15 011 men and 5614 women). The cohort is broadly diverse in terms of social, economic, and occupational status, health, and health-related behavior. The data collected routinely cover diverse dimensions and come from different sources: annual self-administered questionnaire (morbidity, lifestyles, life events, etc.); personnel department of EDF-GDF for social, demographic, and occupational characteristics; EDF-GDF special social insurance fund (for sickness absences and cancer and ischemic heart disease registries), occupational medicine (occupational exposure and working conditions), Social Action Fund (healthcare utilization), Health Screening Centers for standardized health examination and the constitution of a biobank, and the National Death Register (causes of death). Follow-up has been excellent, and the number of subjects lost to follow-up was exceptionally low; active participation by the self-administered questionnaire is also elevated. Today, more than 40 projects on diversified themes have been set up in the GAZEL Cohort Study by some 30 French and foreign teams. Different health problems taking into account behavioral, social, psychological and medical occupational risk factors have been the object of research projects in the cohort. A substantial proportion of the research work has focused on social inequalities in health. Here, we present a brief panorama of the main fields covered by research in the GAZEL Cohort Study that have already been published over the years.
Published: 2009

13. Prevalence of educational inequalities in obesity between 1970 and 2003 in France

Author: Julie Gourmelen, Maria Melchior, Mohamed Lajnef, Archana Singh-Manoux, Alice Guéguen, Rémi Sitta, Séverine Sabia, J.-L. Lanoe, F. Lert, G. Menvielle, Hermann Nabi, Centre de Gérontologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ASM is supported by a 'European Young Investigator Award' from the European Science Foundation and a grant from Drees – MiRe, Convention n°07/997. GM is financed by a grant from InCA (Convention n°0607-3D1514-06)., Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Adult, Employment, Male, Gerontology, Inequality, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Overweight, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, MESH: Obesity, Social inequality, Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, media_common, education.field_of_study, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Employment, business.industry, Relative index of inequality, Incidence (epidemiology), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Confidence interval, MESH: France, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Educational Status, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, medicine.symptom, MESH: Educational Status, business, MESH: Female, Demography
Abstract: International audience; This paper examines trends in obesity rates and education-related absolute and relative inequalities in obesity over the last 40 years in France. Data are drawn from the French Decennial Health Surveys of 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2003. The difference in obesity rates between the least- and most-educated, the Slope Index of Inequality, is used to estimate absolute inequalities in obesity. The ratio of the corresponding rates, the Relative Index of Inequality, reveals the relative inequalities in obesity. Obesity rates were similar in men and women, but educational inequalities were greater in women. Obesity rates were similar over the first three surveys but increased for all in the 2003 survey. This increase was accompanied by increases in absolute inequalities in men (P = 0.04) from a Slope Index of Inequality of 4.80% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.27, 7.32) to 8.64% (95% CI = 5.97, 11.32) and women (P = 0.004) from 8.90% (95% CI = 6.18, 11.63) to 14.57% (95% CI = 11.83, 17.32). Relative inequalities in obesity remained stable over the 40 years. Recent increase in obesity rates in France is accompanied by increases in absolute education-related inequalities, while relative inequalities have remained stable; this suggests that obesity rates have increased at a much faster rate in the low-education groups.
Published: 2009

14. All-cause and diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a predictor of sustained suboptimal health: a 14-year follow-up in the GAZEL cohort

Author: Jane E. Ferrie, Jussi Vahtera, Maria Melchior, Kristina Alexanderson, Hugo Westerlund, Mika Kivimäki, Marie Zins, Marcel Goldberg, Archana Singh-Manoux, Jenny Head, Kaniewski, Nadine, Unit of Excellence for Psychosocial Factors, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital (TYKS)-University of Turku, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département santé travail (DST-InVS), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Section of Personal Injury Prevention, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and University of Turku-Turku University Hospital (TYKS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, longitudinal, Epidemiology, Health Status, Disease, Logistic regression, Article, self-rated health, Sickness absence, Cohort Studies, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Absenteeism, Diagnosis, medicine, Humans, occupational, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychiatry, Self-rated health, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Middle Aged, 030210 environmental & occupational health, multi-level, 3. Good health, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Cohort, Sick leave, Regression Analysis, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sick Leave, business, Follow-Up Studies, Cohort study
Abstract: International audience; background: Previous studies show that sickness absence predicts health, but it is unclear whether this association is persistent over time and whether specific diseases underlie long-term associations. The aim of this study was to investigate overall and diagnosis-specific sickness absences as predictors of sustained suboptimal health. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort study of 15 320 employees (73% men) aged 37-51. Sickness absence records in 1990-1992, including 13 diagnostic categories, were examined in relation to self-rated health measured annually for the years 1993-2006. RESULTS: 3385 employees (22%) had >30 days of sickness absence and 5564 (36%) 1-30 days during the 3-year exposure window. Repeated-measures logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, occupational status and chronic diseases show that employees with >30 absence days, compared with those with no absences, had 2.14 (95% CI 2.00 to 2.29) times higher odds for suboptimal health over the 14 years of follow-up. Retirement did not dilute this association. Nine sickness absence diagnostic categories, such as diseases of the nervous, circulatory, metabolic, musculoskeletal, sensory and gastrointestinal systems, cancer, mental disorders and external causes, independently predicted increased risk of sustained suboptimal health. CONCLUSIONS: There is a remarkably persistent association between sickness absence and future long-term self-rated health status for the majority of diagnostic categories for sickness absence. This suggests that the association between sickness absence and health is ubiquitous and not driven by a limited number of rare and severe diseases.
Published: 2009

15. Attributable risk of carpal tunnel syndrome in the general population: implications for intervention programs in the workplace

Author: Alexis Descatha, Catherine Ha, Ellen Imbernon, Natacha Fouquet, Annette Leclerc, Yves Roquelaure, Marcel Goldberg, Laboratoire d'Ergonomie et d'Épidémiologie en Santé au Travail (LEEST), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Département santé travail (DST-InVS), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, MESH: Occupational Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Occupational Health, Population, MESH: Risk Assessment, Risk Assessment, Article, Occupational safety and health, Occupational medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, MESH: Incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Occupations, Risk factor, education, Occupational Health, education.field_of_study, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Occupations, business.industry, Incidence, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, Middle Aged, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, 030210 environmental & occupational health, MESH: Male, nervous system diseases, 3. Good health, Surgery, Occupational Diseases, MESH: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Relative risk, Attributable risk, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Risk assessment, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) represents one of the most significant and costly health problems occurring in the working population. An estimation of the potential impact of CTS prevention programs in the workplace would be useful for public policy. The aim of this study was to assess the work-related population-attributable fraction (PAF) of CTS in industrial sectors and occupational categories at high risk of CTS in the general population. METHODS: All cases of CTS occurring in patients living in a French region were included prospectively between 2002-2004. Using a mailed questionnaire, we gathered medical and occupational history from 815 women and 320 men. We calculated the age-adjusted relative risks and PAF of CTS in relation to industrial sectors and occupational categories. RESULTS: The PAF for women was higher in lower-grade, white-collar workers (24%, 95% CI 19-29) than blue-collar workers (19%, 95% CI 15-22). The PAF was higher for the service industries sector (16%, 95% CI 8-22) than manufacturing (10%, 95% CI 7-13) or agricultural (5%, 95% CI 3-7) sectors. The PAF was high for men in blue-collar workers (50%, 95% CI 41-57) and in the construction (13%, 95% CI 9-18) and manufacturing industries (17%, 95% CI 10-23). CONCLUSION: The study suggested that 5-50% of CTS cases might be avoided in the whole population if totally effective intervention programs were implemented in specific occupational categories or industrial sectors.
Published: 2009

16. Socioeconomic position and cognitive decline using data from two waves: what is the role of the wave 1 cognitive measure?

Author: Aline Dugravot, Jussi Vahtera, Mika Kivimäki, Alice Guéguen, Archana Singh-Manoux, Martin J. Shipley, Michael Marmot, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Unit of Excellence for Psychosocial Factors, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Centre de Gérontologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Social class, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Bias, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cognitive decline, skin and connective tissue diseases, Baseline (configuration management), Socioeconomic status, Analysis of covariance, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, Public health, 05 social sciences, Cognitive disorder, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Social Class, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, sense organs, Cognition Disorders, business, Demography
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Analysis of change in health status using data from two waves can be examined either adjusted or unadjusted for baseline health status. The effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) on cognitive change was assessed using both these strategies and the implications of the analyses are discussed. METHODS: Data from 1261 men and 483 women of the Whitehall II cohort study, aged 50-55 years at wave 1, were used. Cognition was assessed at both waves using a test of verbal memory, and two tests of verbal fluency. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to estimate the effect of SEP on change score and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to estimate this effect adjusted for the baseline cognitive score. The ANCOVA estimates were corrected for bias due to measurement error (estimated based on 3-month test-retest). Finally, ANCOVA estimates were examined for increasing levels of measurement error. RESULTS: The results of the ANOVA suggest no effect of SEP on cognitive decline. In contrast, the ANCOVA suggests significantly greater cognitive decline in the lower SEP groups. However, the ANCOVA estimates for the effect of wave 1 cognition show evidence for regression to the mean due to the presence of measurement error. The corrected ANCOVA estimates show no association between SEP and cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS: Results from analysis of change using two waves of observational data, when adjusted for baseline, should be interpreted with caution.
Published: 2009

17. Social inequalities in mortality by cause among men and women in France

Author: Saurel-Cubizolles, Marie-Josèphe, Chastang, Jean-François, Menvielle, Gwenn, Leclerc, Anette, Luce, Daniele, Group, Edisc, Comité consultatif sur le traitement de l'information en matière de recherche dans le domaine de la santé, CCTIRS, Recherches épidémiologiques en santé périnatale et santé des femmes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: Adult, Male, Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Poison control, Article, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Cause of Death, Neoplasms, Injury prevention, medicine, Humans, Social inequality, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social determinants of health, Mortality, Aged, 030505 public health, business.industry, Public health, Relative index of inequality, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health Status Disparities, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Cardiovascular Diseases, Educational Status, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, 0305 other medical science, business, Demography
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare inequalities in mortality (all causes and by cause) by occupational group and educational level between men and women living in France in the 1990s. METHODS: Data were analysed from a permanent demographic sample currently including about one million people. The French Institute of Statistics (INSEE) follows the subjects and collects demographic, social and occupational information from the census schedules and vital status forms. Causes of death were obtained from the national file of the French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM). A relative index of inequality (RII) was calculated to quantify inequalities as a function of educational level and occupational group. Overall all-cause mortality, mortality due to cancer, mortality due to cardiovascular disease and mortality due to external causes (accident, suicide, violence) were considered. RESULTS: Overall, social inequalities were found to be wider among men than among women, for all-cause mortality, cancer mortality and external-cause mortality. However, this trend was not observed for cardiovascular mortality, for which the social inequalities were greater for women than for men, particularly for mortality due to ischaemic cardiac diseases. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for persistent social inequalities in mortality in France, in both men and women. These findings highlight the need for greater attention to social determinants of health. The reduction of cardiovascular disease mortality in low educational level groups should be treated as a major public health priority.
Published: 2009

18. Effect of Male Circumcision on the Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Young Men: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted in Orange Farm, South Africa

Author: Joelle Sobngwi-Tambekou, Pascale Lissouba, Marthi Nieuwoudt, Ewalde Cutler, Bertran Auvert, Dirk Taljaard, Adrian Puren, Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institute for Communicable Disease, Progressus, Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Sexual Behavior, Gonorrhea, Prevalence, HIV Infections, MESH: Papillomavirus Infections, MESH: Risk Assessment, law.invention, South Africa, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: South Africa, Randomized controlled trial, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, law, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, education.field_of_study, MESH: HIV Infections, 3. Good health, MESH: Urethra, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, MESH: Young Adult, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Marital status, MESH: Circumcision, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Sexual Behavior, Population, Lower risk, Risk Assessment, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Urethra, Condom, medicine, Humans, education, MESH: Prevalence, MESH: Adolescent, Gynecology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Papillomavirus Infections, MESH: Gonorrhea, medicine.disease, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, MESH: Male, Circumcision, Male, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: A causal association links high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and cervical cancer, which is a major public health problem. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between male circumcision (MC) and the prevalence of HR-HPV among young men. METHODS: We used data from a MC trial conducted in Orange Farm, South Africa, among men aged 18-24 years. Urethral swab samples were collected during a period of 262 consecutive days from participants in the intervention (circumcised) and control (uncircumcised) groups who were reporting for a scheduled follow-up visit. Swab samples were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. HR-HPV prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) were assessed using univariate and multivariate log Poisson regression. RESULTS: In an intention-to-treat analysis, the prevalences of HR-HPV among the intervention and control groups were 14.8% (94/637) and 22.3% (140/627), respectively, with a PRR of 0.66 (0.51-0.86) (P = .002). Controlling for propensity score and confounders (ethnic group, age, education, sexual behavior [including condom use], marital status, and human immunodeficiency virus status) had no effect on the results. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first randomized controlled trial to show a reduction in the prevalence of urethral HR-HPV infection after MC. This finding explains why women with circumcised partners are at a lower risk of cervical cancer than other women.
Published: 2009

19. Male circumcision and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis: observations after a randomised controlled trial for HIV prevention

Author: Dirk Taljaard, Bertran Auvert, Marthi Nieuwoudt, Joelle Sobngwi-Tambekou, Adrian Puren, Pascale Lissouba, Kaniewski, Nadine, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Progressus, National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Sexually transmitted disease, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Gonorrhea, Population, Trichomonas Infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, HIV Infections, Dermatology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, South Africa, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), medicine, Trichomonas vaginalis, Animals, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Gynecology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Trichomoniasis, Chlamydia, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Circumcision, Male, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract: Objective: To assess the association between male circumcision and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis using data from a male circumcision randomised controlled trial. Methods: We used data collected during the male circumcision trial conducted in Orange Farm (South Africa) among men aged 18–24 years. Altogether, 1767 urine samples collected during the final follow-up visit were analysed using PCR. Prevalence of N gonorrhoeae, C trachomatis and T vaginalis was assessed as a function of male circumcision using odds ratios (OR) given by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: In an intention-to-treat analysis, prevalence of N gonorrhoeae, C trachomatis and T vaginalis among intervention and control groups were 10.0% versus 10.3% (OR 0.97; p = 0.84), 2.1% versus 3.6% (OR 0.58; p = 0.065) and 1.7% versus 3.1% (OR 0.54; p = 0.062), respectively. The association between T vaginalis and male circumcision remained borderline when controlling for age, ethnic group, number of lifetime partners, marital status, condom use and HIV status (AOR 0.48; p = 0.069). In the as-treated analysis, this association became significant (OR 0.49, p = 0.030; AOR 0.41, p = 0.030). Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that male circumcision reduces T vaginalis infection among men. This finding explains why women with circumcised partners are less at risk for T vaginalis infection than other women. The protective effect on T vaginalis is an additional argument to recommend male circumcision in Africa where it is acceptable. Trial registration number: NCT00122525.
Published: 2008

20. Attributable risk of carpal tunnel syndrome according to industry and occupation in a general population

Author: Catherine Ha, Guillaume Nicolas, Yves Roquelaure, Ellen Imbernon, Marie-Christine Pelier-Cady, Marcel Goldberg, Alexis Descatha, C Mariot, Annette Leclerc, Guy Raimbeau, Laboratoire d'Ergonomie et d'Épidémiologie en Santé au Travail (LEEST), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Département santé travail (DST-InVS), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Adult, Employment, Male, Work, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Population, Work-related, Attributable risk fraction, Work related, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Odds Ratio, Humans, Industry, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Risk factor, education, Carpal tunnel syndrome, Occupation, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Absolute risk reduction, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, 030210 environmental & occupational health, nervous system diseases, 3. Good health, Surgery, Occupational Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Relative risk, Attributable risk, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: An epidemiologic surveillance network for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was set up in the general population of a French region to assess the proportion of CTS cases attributable to work in high-risk industries and occupations. METHODS: Cases of CTS occurring among patients ages 20-59 years living in the Maine and Loire region were included prospectively from 2002 to 2004. Medical and occupation history was gathered by mailed questionnaire for 815 women and 320 men. Age-adjusted relative risks of CTS and the attributable risk fractions of CTS among exposed persons (AFEs) were computed in relation to industry sectors and occupation categories. RESULTS: Twenty-one industry sectors and 8 occupational categories for women and 10 sectors and 6 occupational categories for men were characterized by a significant excess risk of CTS. High AFE values were observed in the manufacturing (42-93% for both sexes), construction (66% for men), and personal service industries (66% for women) and in the trade and commerce sectors (49% for women). High AFE values were observed in lower-grade white-collar occupations for women (43-67%) and blue-collar occupations for men (60-74%) and women (48-88%). CONCLUSION: The attributable proportions of CTS cases among workers employed in industry sectors and occupation categories identified at high risk of CTS varied between 36% and 93%.
Published: 2008

21. Adult Education and Child Mortality in India

Author: Aline Dugravot, S. V. Subramanian, Malavika A. Subramanyam, Archana Singh-Manoux, George Davey Smith, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre de Gérontologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, Population, India, Social class, Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic, Article, Head of Household, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infant Mortality, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Socioeconomic status, education.field_of_study, 030505 public health, business.industry, Urbanization, Caste, Infant, Newborn, 1. No poverty, Infant, Censuses, Health Surveys, Infant mortality, Child mortality, Logistic Models, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Spouse, Child, Preschool, Child Mortality, Income, Educational Status, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 0305 other medical science, business, Demography
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Although socioeconomic position is generally found to be related to health, the associations can be different for different measures of socioeconomic position. We examined the association between adult education and child mortality, and the influence of other socioeconomic markers (caste, household wealth, and urbanization) on this association. METHODS: Data were drawn from the 1998-1999 Indian National Family Health Survey, conducted in 26 states and comprising 66,367 children age 5 years or under. Adult education, for the head of household and spouse, was categorized into 0, 1-8, and 9 or more years of schooling. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between education and child mortality in analysis adjusted for other socioeconomic markers. Effect modification by caste, household wealth, and urbanization was assessed by fitting an interaction term with education. RESULTS: Compared with those who had no education, 9 or more years of education for the head of household and for the spouse were associated with lower child mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48-0.62 and OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.36-0.54, respectively) in analyses adjusted for age, sex, and state of residence. Further adjustments for caste and urbanization attenuated these associations slightly; when adjustments were made for household wealth the associations were attenuated more substantially. Nevertheless, in fully adjusted models, 9 or more years of education for the head of household (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.70-0.93) and the spouse (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.60-0.94) remained associated with lower child mortality. There was no effect modification of this association by caste, household wealth, and urbanization. CONCLUSION: Adult education has a protective association with child mortality in India. Caste, household wealth, and urbanization do not modify or completely attenuate this association.
Published: 2008

22. COX-2 and p53 in human sinonasal cancer: COX-2 expression is associated with adenocarcinoma histology and wood-dust exposure

Author: Tuula Stjernvall, Torben Steiniche, Håkan Wallin, Michael Dictor, Kirsti Husgafvel-Pursiainen, Henrik Wolff, Reetta Holmila, Diane Cyr, Danièle Luce, Pirjo Heikkilä, Jette Bornholdt, Unit of Excellence for Psychosocial Factors, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Forensic Psychiatry, University of Gothenburg (GU), Vejle hospital, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), National Research Centre for the Working Environment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Tumor suppressor gene, Nose Neoplasms, Adenocarcinoma, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Nose neoplasm, Article, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Occupational Exposure, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Cancer, Dust, Histology, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Wood, 3. Good health, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Oncology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Cyclooxygenase 2, Tumor Markers, Biological, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Histopathology, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Carcinogenesis, Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
Abstract: International audience; The causal role of wood-dust exposure in sinonasal cancer (SNC) has been established in epidemiological studies, but the mechanisms of SNC carcinogenesis are still largely unknown. Increased amounts of COX-2 are found in both premalignant and malignant tissues, and experimental evidence link COX-2 to development of cancer. Many signals that activate COX-2 also induce tumor suppressor p53, a transcription factor central in cellular stress response. We investigated COX-2 and p53 expressions by immunohistochemistry in 50 SNCs (23 adenocarcinomas, and 27 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC); 48 analyzed for COX-2; 41 for p53). Occupational histories and smoking habits were available for majority of the cases. Most of the adenocarcinoma cases with exposure history data had been exposed to wood dust at work in the past (88%, 14/16). For smokers, 63% (12/19) presented with SSC, whereas 64% (7/11) of nonsmokers displayed adenocarcinoma. COX-2 was expressed at higher levels in adenocarcinoma as compared to SSC (p < 0.001). COX-2 expression showed significant association with occupational exposure to wood dust (p = 0.024), and with nonsmoking status (p = 0.001). No statistically significant associations between the exposures and p53 accumulation were found; however, the p53 accumulation pattern (p = 0.062 for wood dust exposure) resembled that of COX-2 expression. In summary, our findings show increased COX-2 expression in SNC adenocarcinoma with wood dust exposure, suggesting a role for inflammatory components in the carcinogenesis process. In contrast, SCCs predominated among smokers and expressed COX-2 rarely; this may suggest at least partially different molecular mechanisms. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Published: 2008

23. Social inequalities in cancer incidence and cancer survival: Lessons from Danish studies

Author: Gwenn Menvielle, Anton E. Kunst, Kaniewski, Nadine, Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Public Health, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Public and occupational health
Subjects: Cancer Research, Inequality, Denmark, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Distribution (economics), Danish, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Neoplasms, Humans, Medicine, Social inequality, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Socioeconomic status, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), 1. No poverty, language.human_language, 3. Good health, Socioeconomic Factors, Oncology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, language, Household income, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract: The unequal distribution of diseases among population groups has since long attracted the attention of epidemiologists. Largedifferences in disease risk have repeatedly been observed in relationship to socioeconomic indicators, such as educational level,occupational class and household income ( 1). With regards to cancer risk, a first comprehensive review of socioeconomic inequalities waspublished by IARC in 1997 ( 2). This review covered inequalities in cancer mortality, incidence and survival and discussed many possibleexplanations. More recently, there have been numerous studies describing social inequalities in cancer mortality ( 3
Published: 2008

24. Buprenorphine substitution treatment in France: Drug users’ views of the doctor–user relationship

Author: Anne Guichard, France Lert, Jean-Marc Brodeur, Lucie Richard, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Faculté des Sciences infirmières, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Patients, Substance-Related Disorders, Narcotic Antagonists, Commit, Drug Substitution, Article, law.invention, Interviews as Topic, Drug user, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, History and Philosophy of Science, law, Social medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical prescription, Psychiatry, comic_books.series, Central element, Physician-Patient Relations, business.industry, Legal drug, Buprenorphine, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, comic_books, CLARITY, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, business
Abstract: The French system for drug substitution, or maintenance treatment, established in 1996, differs from the often strict conditions attached to methadone clinics in other countries. Because of the predominant role of general practitioners and the flexible prescription rules for Subutex((R)) in France, the relationship between the physician and the drug user becomes a central element in the treatment. This article deals with the expectations that these users have of the physician, and their perception of his or her attitude towards them. In order to identify possible reasons for the absence of treatment compliance and of Subutex((R)) misuse, it focuses on the users' assessment of the physician's response to the problems they report. This study, based on a diversified convenience sample of 28 persons (19 men, 9 women) in treatment, showed 4 patterns of relationships between physicians and users, which differed in their focus: (1) closely focused on the posology of the prescription; (2) compliance with the prescribed regimen is the main issue in a relationship dominated by the physician; (3) an alliance between the physician and the user who is acknowledged as a person, and (4) a instrumental solely on the part of the user, who comes to procure a free, legal drug from a doctor's office. In all four case types, users had difficulty reporting other drug use or intravenous Subutex((R)) injection within this relationship, in which the stigma attached to drug dependence seems to reappear. Moreover, the lack of clarity about the treatment objectives and the time frame of the consultation limits the users' ability to integrate the treatment into their lives and to commit themselves to it. The heterogeneity and fragility of the users' situations, and the treatment objectives require regular assessment during contact with the physician. This constant reappraisal of the situation with the physician should help to optimize the treatment and avoid the hiatus that can generate or continue "misuse."
Published: 2007

25. Selected questions on biomechanical exposures for surveillance of upper-limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders

Author: Annette Leclerc, Catherine Ha, Isabelle Niedhammer, Bradley A. Evanoff, C Mariot, Yves Roquelaure, Marcel Goldberg, J.-F. Chastang, Alexis Descatha, Ellen Imbernon, Kaniewski, Nadine, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de la Santé au Travail [Poincaré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Laboratoire d'ergonomie et de santé au travail, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Département Santé Travail (INVS), Institut national de veille sanitaire, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Psychometrics, medicine.medical_treatment, Article, Upper Extremity, Occupational medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Musculoskeletal disorder, Occupational Exposure, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Working population, Musculoskeletal Diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Rehabilitation, business.industry, Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Biomechanical Phenomena, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Physical therapy, Upper limb, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Occupational exposure, business
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: Questionnaires for assessment of biomechanical exposure are frequently used in surveillance programs, though few studies have evaluated which key questions are needed. We sought to reduce the number of variables on a surveillance questionnaire by identifying which variables best summarized biomechanical exposure in a survey of the French working population. METHODS: We used data from 2002 to 2003 French experimental network of Upper-limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders (UWMSD), performed on 2,685 subjects in which 37 variables assessing biomechanical exposures were available (divided into four ordinal categories, according to the task frequency or duration). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with orthogonal rotation was performed on these variables. Variables closely associated with factors issued from PCA were retained, except those highly correlated to another variable (rho > 0.70). In order to study the relevance of the final list of variables, correlations between a score based on retained variables (PCA score) and the exposure score suggested by the SALTSA group were calculated. The associations between the PCA score and the prevalence of UWMSD were also studied. In a final step, we added back to the list a few variables not retained by PCA, because of their established recognition as risk factors. RESULTS: According to the results of the PCA, seven interpretable factors were identified: posture exposures, repetitiveness, handling of heavy loads, distal biomechanical exposures, computer use, forklift operator specific task, and recovery time. About 20 variables strongly correlated with the factors obtained from PCA were retained. The PCA score was strongly correlated both with the SALTSA score and with UWMSD prevalence (P < 0.0001). In the final step, six variables were reintegrated. CONCLUSION: Twenty-six variables of 37 were efficiently selected according to their ability to summarize major biomechanical constraints in a working population, with an approach combining statistical analyses and existing knowledge.
Published: 2007

26. Lung Cancer Mortality and Occupational Exposure to Asbestos Among Telephone Linemen: A Historical Cohort Study in France

Author: Diane Cyr, Isabelle Stücker, Danièle Luce, Pascal Guénel, Corinne Pilorget, Joelle Fevotte, Djamila Meguellati-Hakkas, Epidémiologie environnementale des cancers, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement UMRT9002 (UMRESTTE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Electric Wiring, Lung Neoplasms, Air Pollutants, Occupational, medicine.disease_cause, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Asbestos, Cohort Studies, Occupational medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Occupational Exposure, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, Humans, Medicine, Welding, 030212 general & internal medicine, Lung cancer, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Telephone, Surgery, Occupational Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Relative risk, Cohort, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, business, Cohort study
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE:: The authors studied the mortality by lung cancer in telephone linemen exposed to asbestos at low levels during installation of telephone cables. METHODS:: Three hundred eight lung cancers deaths were identified in the cohort. Exposure to asbestos and to other occupational carcinogens was assessed using a job-exposure matrix. RESULTS:: The relative risk for lung cancer death associated with an estimated exposure of approximately 2 f/cc-years was 2.1 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-4.0) as compared with workers exposed to less than 0.5 f/cc-years. Mean annual exposure or exposure duration were not clearly related to lung cancer. Adjustment for other occupational lung carcinogens did not change this finding. CONCLUSION:: The observed mortality by lung cancer associated with asbestos exposure at low levels is higher than the prediction based on linear downward extrapolations from highly exposed occupational cohorts.
Published: 2006

27. Les inégalités sociales de mortalité par cancer en Europe. Étude détaillée du cancer du poumon

Author: Gwenn Menvielle, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Oncology (nursing), business.industry, Respiratory disease, Cancer, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Oncology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Lung disease, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract: L’objectif de cet article est de decrire les differences sociales de mortalite par cancer en fonction du niveau d’etudes chez les hommes et chez les femmes dans dix pays repartis du nord au sud dans l’Europe de l’Ouest. Chez les hommes, les taux de mortalite par cancer sont plus eleves parmi les moins diplomes, ce qui s’explique principalement par la situation observee pour le cancer du poumon. Chez les femmes, les faibles differences sociales de mortalite par cancer s’expliquent par l’absence d’inegalites, ou une correlation inverse entre les taux de mortalite et le niveau d’etudes notee pour les cancers du sein, du poumon et du colon-rectum. Les analyses montrent des resultats globalement similaires entre les pays europeens. Des differences sont toutefois notees pour certaines localisations, en particulier le cancer du poumon. Ces resultats pourraient etre expliques, au moins en partie, par des differences entre pays dans la distribution du tabagisme en fonction du niveau d’etudes.
Published: 2006

28. Management of HIV-related stigma and adherence to HAART: Evidence from a large representative sample of outpatients attending French hospitals (ANRS-EN12-VESPA 2003)

Author: P. Peretti-Watel, B. Spire, J. Pierret, F. Lert, Y. Obadia, null The VESPA Group, Epidémiologie et Sciences Sociales Appliquées à l'Innovation Médicale, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Observatoire Régional de la Santé de Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, ORS PACA, CERMES - Centre de recherche Médecine, Science, Santé Société (CERMES - UMR 8169 / U750), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidémiologie, santé publique et environnement professionnel et général: méthodes et applications, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), (ANRS-EN12-VESPA 2003)., Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: Male, Health (social science), Cross-sectional study, Psychological intervention, HIV Infections, MESH: Family Relations, MESH: Self Disclosure, MESH: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, MESH: Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, 0302 clinical medicine, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, Prejudice (legal term), MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: HIV Infections, Middle Aged, MESH: Interpersonal Relations, MESH: Patient Compliance, 3. Good health, Self-disclosure, Female, Family Relations, France, 0305 other medical science, Hiv related stigma, Prejudice, MESH: Prejudice, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Self Disclosure, Social Psychology, MEDLINE, Hiv disclosure, 03 medical and health sciences, Interpersonal relationship, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Psychiatry, Stereotyping, MESH: Humans, 030505 public health, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Patient Compliance, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: This study investigated patterns of HIV disclosure to significant others (parents, siblings, children, other relatives, friends and colleagues) and describe them in terms of socio-demographic background and other characteristics, including experiences of AIDS-related discrimination. It also assessed the relationship between disclosure patterns and adherence to HAART. We used a cross-sectional survey conducted among a national representative sample of 2,932 HIV-infected people recruited in French hospitals. HIV disclosure patterns were both selective and cumulative: disclosure was more frequent for friends and siblings, while concealment prevailed concerning children, other relatives, and colleagues; but patients who disclosed their seropositivity to one significant other were also more likely to disclose it to other significant others. Patients reporting experiences of discrimination from sexual partners were less likely to be highly adherent, and we also found a significant relationship between uncontrolled disclosure and non-adherence. Patients who have opted for concealment probably consider non-adherence and uncontrolled disclosure as competing risks, but among them a significant minority loses on both counts. Counselling provided to HIV-infected people should not separate the adherence and disclosure issues, and adherence interventions should seek to help patients to manage concurrently disclosure/concealment of their seropositivity and its consequences.
Published: 2006

29. Psychosocial Work Environment and Mental Health: Job-strain and Effort-Reward Imbalance Models in a Context of Major Organizational Changes

Author: Guy Barrandon, Lina Barouhiel, Simone David, Jean-François Chastang, Isabelle Niedhammer, Kaniewski, Nadine, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service médical, NMPP, Supported by Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale and Mécénat Santé of the NMPP., and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Context (language use), Job Satisfaction, Life Change Events, 03 medical and health sciences, Social support, 0302 clinical medicine, Reward, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Association (psychology), Psychiatry, Chi-Square Distribution, Job strain, Depression, Mental Disorders, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Middle Aged, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Mental health, Organizational Innovation, Work environment, 3. Good health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Mental Health, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 8. Economic growth, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, France, Psychology, Psychosocial, Stress, Psychological
Abstract: This study explored the association between the two job-stress models, job-strain and effort-reward imbalance, and mental health outcomes in a working population exposed to major organizational changes. The cross-sectional study was based on 680 subjects, 504 men and 176 women. Psychosocial factors at work included: psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, effort, reward, and overcommitment. Mental health outcomes were depressive symptoms (CES-D) and psychiatric disorders (GHQ-12). Job strain, low decision latitude, effort-reward imbalance, and low reward (especially job instability) were found to be associated with depressive symptoms and/or psychiatric disorders among men. Overcommitment at work was a risk factor for both men and women. Social support at work played a role to reduce depressive symptoms for women. These findings emphasize the deleterious effects of psychosocial work environment on mental health during major organizational changes.
Published: 2006

30. Excess mortality related to the August 2003 heat wave in France

Author: Eric Jougla, Stéphanie Bellec, Gérard Pavillon, Denis Hémon, Chantal Guihenneuc-Jouyaux, Françoise Laurent, Jacqueline Clavel, Grégoire Rey, Anne Fouillet, Epidémiologie environnementale des cancers, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'épidémiologie sur les causes médicales de décès (CépiDc), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre d'épidémiologie sur les causes médicales de décès ( CépiDc ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hot Temperature, Adolescent, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, Poison control, 010501 environmental sciences, Heat Stress Disorders, 01 natural sciences, Article, Sex Factors, Cause of Death, Epidemiology, Injury prevention, medicine, Humans, Poisson Distribution, Child, education, Aged, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cause of death, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Marital Status, business.industry, Mortality rate, Age Factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Heatstroke, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Child, Preschool, Marital status, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Seasons, business, Demography
Abstract: Objectives: From August 1st to 20th, 2003, the mean maximum temperature in France exceeded the seasonal norm by 11-12 degrees C on nine consecutive days. A major increase in mortality was then observed, which main epidemiological features are described herein. Methods: The number of deaths observed from August to November 2003 in France was compared to those expected on the basis of the mortality rates observed from 2000 to 2002 and the 2003 population estimates. Results: From August 1st to 20th, 2003, 15,000 excess deaths were observed. From 35 years age, the excess mortality was marked and increased with age. It was 15% higher in women than in men of comparable age as of age 45 years. Excess mortality at home and in retirement institutions was greater than that in hospitals. The mortality of widowed, single and divorced subjects was greater than that of married people. Deaths directly related to heat, heatstroke, hyperthermia and dehydration increased massively. Cardiovascular diseases, ill-defined morbid disorders, respiratory diseases and nervous system diseases also markedly contributed to the excess mortality. The geographic variations in mortality showed a clear age-dependent relationship with the number of very hot days. No harvesting effect was observed. Conclusions: Heat waves must be considered as a threat to European populations living in climates that are currently temperate. While the elderly and people living alone are particularly vulnerable to heat waves, no segment of the population may be considered protected from the risks associated with heat waves.
Published: 2006

31. Detection of gene copy number changes in CGH microarrays using a spatially correlated mixture model

Author: Sylvia Richardson, Philippe Broët, Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College Norfolk Place, and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: False discovery rate, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Statistics as Topic, Gene Dosage, Inference, MESH: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, MESH: Gene Dosage, 010104 statistics & probability, MESH: Models, Genetic, Copy-number variation, In Situ Hybridization, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Chromosome Mapping, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Computer Science Applications, Computational Mathematics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Data mining, DNA microarray, Algorithms, MESH: Statistics, Statistics and Probability, Posterior probability, MESH: Algorithms, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: In Situ Hybridization, MESH: Computer Simulation, Chromosome (genetic algorithm), [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Computer Simulation, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 0101 mathematics, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Models, Genetic, business.industry, Pattern recognition, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Mixture model, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Artificial intelligence, MESH: Chromosome Mapping, business, computer, Comparative genomic hybridization
Abstract: Motivation: Comparative genomic hybridization array experiments that investigate gene copy number changes present new challenges for statistical analysis and call for methods that incorporate spatial dependence between sequences along the chromosome. For this purpose, we propose a novel method called CGHmix. It is based on a spatially structured mixture model with three states corresponding to genomic sequences that are either unmodified, deleted or amplified. Inference is performed in a Bayesian framework. From the output, posterior probabilities of belonging to each of the three states are estimated for each genomic sequence and used to classify them. Results: Using simulated data, CGHmix is validated and compared with both a conventional unstructured mixture model and with a recently proposed data mining method. We demonstrate the good performance of CGHmix for classifying copy number changes. In Addition, the method provides a good estimate of the false discovery rate. We also present the analysis of a cancer related dataset. Supplementary information: Contact: broet@vjf.inserm.fr
Published: 2006

32. Household exposure to pesticides and risk of childhood acute leukaemia

Author: Brigitte Nelken, Florence Menegaux, André Baruchel, Brigitte Lescoeur, Yves Bertrand, Denis Hémon, Danièle Sommelet, Guy Leverger, Jacqueline Clavel, Recherches épidémiologiques et statistiques sur l'environnement et la santé., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'hématologie pédiatrique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service pédiatrique d'hématologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hôpital Debrousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service d'hématologie et immunologie pédiatrique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service d'hématologie-immunologie-oncologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service pédiatrique d'hématologie-oncologie, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille], Service d'Hématologie Pédiatrique [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: Male, Insecticides, Pediculosis, Ethnic origin, 010501 environmental sciences, MESH: Epidemiologic Methods, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Pregnancy, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, MESH: Child, Epidemiology, MESH: Maternal Exposure, Child, Acute leukemia, Leukemia, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Environmental exposure, Lice Infestations, MESH: Prena, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, Maternal Exposure, Child, Preschool, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Acute Disease, Paternal Exposure, MESH: Acute Disease, Female, Original Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH: Environmental Exposure, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Environmental health, MESH: Leukemia, medicine, Humans, MESH: Pesticides, Pesticides, Risk factor, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Paternal Exposure, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, MESH: Lice Infestations, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Environmental Exposure, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Insecticides, Surgery, Scalp Dermatoses, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Epidemiologic Methods, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relation between childhood acute leukaemia and household exposure to pesticides. METHODS: The study included 280 incident cases of acute leukaemia and 288 controls frequency matched on gender, age, hospital, and ethnic origin. The data were obtained from standardised face to face interviews of the mothers with detailed questions on parental occupational history, home and garden insecticide use, and insecticidal treatment of pediculosis. Odds ratios were estimated using unconditional regression models including the stratification variables parental socioeconomic status and housing characteristics. RESULTS: Acute leukaemia was observed to be significantly associated with maternal home insecticide use during pregnancy (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8) and during childhood (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4), with garden insecticide use (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.3), and fungicide use (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.2) during childhood. Insecticidal shampoo treatment of pediculosis was also associated with childhood acute leukaemia (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.3). CONCLUSION: The results reported herein support the hypothesis that various types of insecticide exposure may be a risk factor for childhood acute leukaemia. The observed association with insecticidal shampoo treatment of pediculosis, which has never been investigated before, requires further study.
Published: 2006

33. Chronic Back Problems Among Persons 30 to 64 Years Old in France

Author: Jean-François Chastang, Jean-François Ravaud, Anna Ozguler, Annette Leclerc, Epidémiologie, santé publique et environnement professionnel et général: méthodes et applications, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CERMES - Centre de recherche Médecine, Science, Santé Société (CERMES - UMR 8169 / U750), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: Male, Activities of daily living, MESH: Disability, MESH: Low Back Pain, MESH: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Disability Evaluation, 0302 clinical medicine, Activities of Daily Living, Prevalence, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Employment, MESH: Disability Evaluation, Middle Aged, Low back pain, 3. Good health, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Adult, Employment, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, MEDLINE, Legislation, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, education, MESH: Prevalence, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, MESH: Humans, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, MESH: Chronic Disease, MESH: Activities of Daily Living, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, Confidence interval, MESH: France, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Permanent income hypothesis, Chronic Disease, Physical therapy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Neurology (clinical), business, Low Back Pain, MESH: Female, Demography
Abstract: Study design A national population-based survey focusing on disability. Objective To describe the frequency of chronic back conditions among those aged 30 to 64 years, the consequences on their daily lives, their employment status, and source of income. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: Descriptive data from community-based surveys are sparse. Methods In the French Handicap, Disability and Dependence survey, 1,289 subjects with chronic back problems were compared with the general population. Results The estimates for prevalence of chronic back problems were 7.9% for men (95% confidence interval, 7.2-8.5) and 7.5% for women (95% confidence interval, 7.0-8.1). Despite functional limitations, most people in France who had back problems were employed in a ordinary work: 71.5% among men (77.7% in the general population), 53.5% among women (60.2% in the general population). Among them, blue-collar workers were overrepresented. Of the subjects with back conditions, a very small proportion had a source of permanent income related to their health problems. Conclusions The results from this national population-based survey emphasize the weight of chronic back problems in the community, in a country where the legislation offers few alternatives to ordinary work for those who suffer from chronic limitations due to low back pain.
Published: 2006

34. Is restrained eating a risk factor for weight gain in a general population?

Author: Arnaud Basdevant, Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain, Jan Karlsson, M. Aline Charles, Monique Romon, Jean-Michel Borys, Kaniewski, Nadine, Epidémiologie cardiovasculaire et métabolique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de nutrition, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Département nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Health Care Research Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital [Gothenburg]-University of Gothenburg (GU), Association Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Santé, Association Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé, Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Association Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé (FLVS)
Subjects: Male, Medicine (miscellaneous), Overweight, MESH: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Weight Gain, MESH: Eating, MESH: Linear Models, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Eating, Waist–hip ratio, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Obesity, Longitudinal Studies, MESH: Longitudinal Studies, MESH: Cohort Studies, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, Emotional eating, Skinfold Thickness, Adipose Tissue, Body Composition, Female, medicine.symptom, MESH: Adipose Tissue, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Adolescent, Population, MESH: Body Mass Index, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, MESH: Skin, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, education, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Waist-Hip Ratio, business.industry, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH: Adult, MESH: Body Composition, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Endocrinology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Linear Models, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Body mass index, Weight gain, Demography
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In modern societies characterized by abundant and accessible foods, restrained eating may become an adaptive behavior to limit weight gain. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the relations between eating behavior (EB) and adiposity in a general population over a 2-y period. DESIGN: We recruited 466 adults and 271 adolescents in 1999 on a geographical basis to participate in a longitudinal study. At the initial examination and 2 y later, they answered an EB questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, which measured cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. On the same occasions, several measures of adiposity were also obtained: body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), waist circumference, the sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses, and percentage body fat. Relations between EB and adiposity were tested separately in adults and adolescents by using mixed linear regressions after adjustment for age, sex, and (in adolescents) Tanner pubertal stage. RESULTS: At baseline, CR was positively associated with BMI in normal-weight subjects (mean BMI: 21.4 in the lowest to 23.3 in the highest CR quintile; P < 0.001) but not in overweight adults (P = 0.25). Initial CR did not predict change in adiposity variables (BMI change: P = 0.79 in adults, P = 0.57 in adolescents and young adults). Conversely, a high initial BMI was associated with a larger increase in CR (beta = 20.1, P < 0.0001 in adults; beta = 21.7, P = 0.003 in adolescents and young adults). CONCLUSIONS: Restrained eating is strongly associated with adiposity in normal-weight subjects but not in overweight subjects. However, restrained eating does not promote weight gain.
Published: 2006

35. Maternal coffee and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, parental smoking and risk of childhood acute leukaemia

Author: Christoph Steffen, André Baruchel, Brigitte Lescoeur, Denis Hémon, Stéphanie Bellec, Brigitte Nelken, Jacqueline Clavel, N Philippe, Guy Leverger, Florence Menegaux, Danièle Sommelet, Recherches épidémiologiques et statistiques sur l'environnement et la santé., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'hématologie pédiatrique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service d'hématologie et immunologie pédiatrique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service d'hématologie-immunologie-oncologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service pédiatrique d'hématologie-oncologie, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille], Service d'Hématologie Pédiatrique [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Kaniewski, Nadine, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Pediatrics, Maternal smoking, Ethnic origin, Coffee, MESH: Pregnancy, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Child, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Maternal Exposure, Child, Acute leukemia, Leukemia, MESH: Case-Control Studies, MESH: Infant, MESH: Mothers, Alcohol consumption during pregnancy, 3. Good health, Oncology, Maternal Exposure, Child, Preschool, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Female, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Childhood leukemia, Mothers, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH: Leukemia, medicine, Humans, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, Case-control study, Infant, MESH: Coffee, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Socioeconomic Factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Alcohol Drinking
Abstract: International audience; INTRODUCTION: We investigated the role of maternal alcohol and coffee drinking and parental smoking on the risk of childhood acute leukemia in a multicenter case-control study. METHODS: The study included 280 incident cases and 288 hospitalized controls, frequency matched with the cases by age, gender and center. Data collection was completed by face-to-face standardized interviews of the case and control mothers. RESULTS: An association with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy was observed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) (OR=2.0 [1.4-3.0]) and acute non-lymphoid leukemia (ANLL) (OR=2.6 [1.2-5.8]). Maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy was associated with childhood acute leukemia, ORs increasing in ALL with coffee consumption (OR=1.1 [0.7-1.8], OR=2.4 [1.3-4.7] and OR=3.1 [1.0-9.5], respectively, for < or =3, 4-8 and >8 cups/day). No association with maternal smoking during pregnancy or parental smoking before or after the index child's birth was observed. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest an association with maternal alcohol and coffee drinking during pregnancy and call for further investigations. Besides, the present study does not support the hypothesis of an increase in the risk of childhood leukemia related to parental smoking.
Published: 2005

36. A simple procedure for estimating the false discovery rate

Author: Cyril Dalmasso, Philippe Broët, Thierry Moreau, Epidémiologie et Biostatistique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: False discovery rate, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Upper and lower bounds, 010104 statistics & probability, Simple (abstract algebra), Statistics, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Models, Genetic, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Mathematics, MESH: Neoplasm Pro, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Leukemia, Estimator, MESH: Comparative Study, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Neoplasm Proteins, Computer Science Applications, Computational Mathematics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Marginal distribution, Algorithms, Statistics and Probability, Mean squared error, Breast Neoplasms, MESH: Algorithms, Sample (statistics), MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Computer Simulation, MESH: Leukemia, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Computer Simulation, False Positive Reactions, 0101 mathematics, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Models, Statistical, MESH: Humans, Models, Genetic, MESH: False Positive Reactions, Gene Expression Profiling, MESH: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Function (mathematics), MESH: Data Interpretation, Statistical, MESH: Breast Neoplasms, MESH: Models, Statistical
Abstract: Motivation: The most used criterion in microarray data analysis is nowadays the false discovery rate (FDR). In the framework of estimating procedures based on the marginal distribution of the P-values without any assumption on gene expression changes, estimators of the FDR are necessarily conservatively biased. Indeed, only an upper bound estimate can be obtained for the key quantity π0, which is the probability for a gene to be unmodified. In this paper, we propose a novel family of estimators for π0 that allows the calculation of FDR. Results: The very simple method for estimating π0 called LBE (Location Based Estimator) is presented together with results on its variability. Simulation results indicate that the proposed estimator performs well in finite sample and has the best mean square error in most of the cases as compared with the procedures QVALUE, BUM and SPLOSH. The different procedures are then applied to real datasets. Availability: The R function LBE is available at http://ifr69.vjf.inserm.fr/lbe Contact: broet@vjf.inserm.fr
Published: 2004

37. Alcohol consumption and insulin resistance syndrome parameters: associations and evolutions in a longitudinal analysis of the French DESIR cohort

Author: Michel Vernay, Beverley Balkau, Jean-Guy Moreau, Jacques Sigalas, Marie-Claude Chesnier, Pierre Ducimetiere, null the Desir Study Group, Kaniewski, Nadine, Epidémiologie cardiovasculaire et métabolique, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut inter-Régional pour la SAnté (IRSA), Centre d'Examens de Santé (CES), and Centre d'Examens de Santé
Subjects: Male, Longitudinal study, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Alcohol, MESH: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Metabolic Syndrome X, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Longitudinal Studies, MESH: Cohort Studies, Metabolic Syndrome, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Comparative Study, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, [SDV.TOX] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Female, France, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Insulin, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, chemistry, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, Body mass index, MESH: Alcohol Drinking
Abstract: Purpose To determine the effects of average alcohol consumption and changes in alcohol intake on the insulin resistance syndrome parameters in a 3-year follow-up study. Methods Longitudinal study of 1856 and 1529 alcohol drinking men and women in the French DESIR study (Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance syndrome), aged 30 to 64 years. Results In men, fasting glucose, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol were positively associated with average alcohol consumption while there was no association with insulin or triglycerides concentrations. A change in alcohol intake was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol concentration and systolic blood pressure at follow-up. These effects of alcohol could not be attributed specifically to the intake of wine. In women, while the alcohol HDL-cholesterol relation was similar to that found in the men, the only significant effect of average alcohol intake was an increase in systolic blood pressure, with a spurious decrease in blood pressure related to a 3-year increase in alcohol intake. Conclusions Alcohol only provided a beneficial effect on HDL-cholesterol. The beneficial effect seen by other authors of moderate alcohol drinking on diabetes and cardiovascular risk may be due to effects on parameters other than those included in the current definitions of the insulin resistance syndrome.
Published: 2004

38. Infectious diseases in the first year of life, perinatal characteristics and childhood acute leukaemia

Author: Emmanuel Plouvier, Patrick Boutard, Brigitte Pautard, Virginie Gandemer, Geneviève Margueritte, Xavier Rialland, Frédéric Millot, Denis Hémon, J L Lamagnére, J P Vannier, Y Perel, Martine Munzer, Christian Berthou, N Jourdan-Da Silva, Jacqueline Clavel, L. de Lumley, C Armari, Patrick Lutz, Francoise Mechinaud, Alain Robert, Kaniewski, Nadine, Recherches épidémiologiques et statistiques sur l'environnement et la santé., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Hôpital mère et enfant, Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Hôpital Sud, hôpital Sud, Hôpital Civil, Hopital Civil, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), CHRU Clocheville, SFO Enseignement, SFO, Hôpital Côte de Nacre [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Pôle Enfants [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Hôpital de la Tronche, American Memorial Hospital, American Memory Hospital, Hôpital Jean Bernard, CHU Limoges, Hôpital Morvan, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Centre Robert Debré, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), CHU Amiens-Picardie, and Hôpital d'enfants
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Pediatrics, MESH: Asthma, Epidemiology, MESH: Leukemia, Myeloid, MESH: Child Day Care Centers, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical History Taking, education.field_of_study, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Age Factors, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, MESH: Infant, MESH: Case-Control Studies, 3. Good health, Birth order, Breast Feeding, Oncology, Leukemia, Myeloid, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Breast Feeding, leukaemia, Acute Disease, MESH: Acute Disease, Regression Analysis, Female, France, MESH: Infection, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, MESH: Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Birth Order, Humans, Medical history, education, perinatal, childhood, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Case-control study, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Odds ratio, Child Day Care Centers, MESH: Male, Asthma, MESH: France, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Etiology, MESH: Me, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Birth Order, business, Breast feeding, MESH: Female
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of early common infections and perinatal characteristics in the aetiology of childhood common leukaemia. A case-control study was conducted from 1995 to 1998 in France, and included 473 incident cases of acute leukaemia (AL) (408 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 65 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) age-, sex- and region-matched with 567 population-based controls. Data on the medical history of the child and his/her environment were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Analyses were conducted using nonconditional logistic regression. A slight negative association with early infections was observed (OR=0.8; 95% CI (0.6-1.0)). The association was stronger for early gastrointestinal infections. Early day-care was found to be associated with a decreased risk of AL (OR=0.6; 95% CI (0.4-0.8) and OR=0.8; 95% CI (0.5-1.2) for day-care starting before age 3 months and between 3 and 6 months, respectively). No association with breast-feeding was observed, irrespective of its duration. A birth order of 4 or more was associated with a significantly increased risk of AL (OR=2.0; 95% CI (1.1-3.7) with ALL). A history of asthma was associated with a decreased risk of ALL (OR 0.5; 95% CI (0.3-0.90). Although the results regarding birth order and breast-feeding do not fit with Greaves' hypothesis, the study supports the hypothesis that early common infections may play a protective role in the aetiology of childhood leukaemia, although this effect was not more marked for common ALL.
Published: 2004

39. Genomic studies in AIDS: problems and answers. Development of a statistical model integrating both longitudinal cohort studies and transversal observations of extreme cases

Author: Colette Huber, Jean-François Zagury, Laurent Jacquemin, Houria Hendel, Odile Pons, Philippe Haumont, Sara Tamim, Kaniewski, Nadine, Epidémiologie et Biostatistique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de biométrie et intelligence artificielle de Jouy (MIA-JOUY), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Biométrie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Candidate gene, MESH : Polymorphism, Genetic, Cross-sectional study, HIV Infections, MESH : Models, Biological, MESH: Receptors, CCR5, MESH: NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone), Cohort Studies, MESH : HLA Antigens, HLA Antigens, Models, Receptors, NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone), MESH : NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone), Longitudinal Studies, MESH: Longitudinal Studies, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: HLA Antigens, MESH : Longitudinal Studies, Genetics, education.field_of_study, MESH : Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, MESH : Models, Statistical, MESH : Receptors, CCR5, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: HIV Infections, General Medicine, Statistical, No, Cohort, MESH : Research Support, No, Cohort study, Receptors, CCR5, Population, MESH : Cohort Studies, Human leukocyte antigen, Biology, Research Support, Models, Biological, Genetic determinism, Genetic, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH : HIV Infections, Humans, Polymorphism, education, Alleles, MESH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Pharmacology, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Models, Statistical, Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Humans, MESH: Alleles, MESH : Humans, Haplotype, MESH: Models, Biological, Biological, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Research Support, No, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Alleles, CCR5, MESH: Models, Statistical, Demography
Abstract: Genomic studies developed to understand HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis have often lead to conflicting results. This is linked to various factors, including differences in cohort design and selection, the numbers of patients involved, the influence of population substructure, the ethnic origins of the participants, and phenotypic definition. These difficulties in the interpretation of results are examined through published studies on the role of polymorphisms in HLA and the chemokine receptors genes in AIDS. Our analysis suggests that the use of haplotypes will strengthen the results obtained in a given cohort, and meta-analysis including multiple cohorts to gather large-enough numbers of patients should also allow clarification of the genetic associations observed. A P-value of 0.001 appears to be a good compromise for significance on candidate genes in a genetic study. Due to the generally limited size of available cohorts, results will have to be validated in other cohorts. We developed a model to fit transversal case studies (extreme case-control studies) with longitudinal cohorts (all-stages patients) for observations on two gene polymorphisms of CCR5 and NQO1. Interestingly, we observe a protective effect for the CCR5-D32 mutant allele in 95% of the simulations based on that model when using a population of 600 subjects; however, when using populations of 250 subjects we find a significant protection in only 59% of the simulations. Our model gives thus an explanation for the discrepancies observed in the various genomic studies published in AIDS on CCR5-D32 and other gene polymorphisms: they result from statistical fluctuations due to a lack of power. The sizes of most seroconverter cohorts presently available seem thus insufficient since they include less than a few hundred subjects. This result underlines the power and usefulness of the transversal studies involving extreme patients and their complementarity to longitudinal studies involving seroconverter cohorts. The transposition approach of extreme case-control data into longitudinal analysis should prove useful not only in AIDS but also in other diseases induced by chronic exposure to a foreign agent or with chronic clinical manifestations. © 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
Published: 2003

40. Are tall people at higher risk of low back pain surgery? A discussion on the results of a multipurpose cohort

Author: Mireille Coeuret-Pellicer, Alexis Descatha, Marie Zins, Annette Leclerc, Kaniewski, Nadine, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Male, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Article, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, health services administration, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, 10. No inequality, education, Aged, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, business.industry, pathological conditions, signs and symptoms, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Low back pain, Body Height, nervous system diseases, Quartile, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Cohort, Physical therapy, population characteristics, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, medicine.symptom, business, Low Back Pain, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cohort study
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether height is associated with low back pain (LBP) and surgery, taking into account personal and socioeconomic risk factors in a general population. METHODS: In 2001, 13,680 participants of the Gazel cohort completed a self-reported questionnaire on LBP and surgery interventions. Three groups were compared according to their body height: no LBP (reference group, participants who declared they never had LBP), LBP without surgery (participants who ever had LBP but without surgery), and back surgery (participants who ever had surgery for LBP). Adjusted variables were sex, age, educational level, marital status, height, and body mass index. RESULTS: Mean height was significantly higher in men in the back surgery group than in the reference group and the LBP group. The proportion of surgically-treated LBP was higher for people whose height was > or =4th quartile (P < 0.0001). Being in the highest quartile for height was a stronger risk factor for surgery (adjusted odds ratio [OR(adj)] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.61-2.51) than for LBP without surgery (OR(adj) = 1.29, 95% CI 1.18-1.40). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that being tall is a predictor for back surgery.
Published: 2010

41. Is the intersection syndrome is an occupational disease?

Author: Colette Ronan, Alexis Descatha, Hélène Leproust, Philippe Roure, Yves Roquelaure, Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Service de la Santé au Travail [Poincaré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Urgences Mains Val de Seine, CHP de Montgardé, Association Interentreprises Régionale de Santé au travail (AIRST), AIRST, Service de pathologie professionnelle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, Wrist Joint, Abductor Pollicis Longus, animal structures, Cumulative Trauma Disorders, Occupational disease, Wrist, Intersection syndrome, Uncommon disorder, 03 medical and health sciences, Health insurance system, 0302 clinical medicine, Musculoskeletal disorder, Rheumatology, medicine, Humans, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Anatomy, Middle Aged, Wrist Injuries, musculoskeletal system, medicine.disease, 030210 environmental & occupational health, 3. Good health, Occupational Diseases, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, business
Abstract: International audience; The intersection syndrome, described since the 19th century, is an uncommon disorder associated with the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis bellies (first dorsal compartment) rubbing against the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons (second dorsal compartment). Overuse occurred in occupational setting was barely described although it could lead to compensation by the French health insurance system. We reported a case of an intersection syndrome in a 58-year-old man who recently became a supermarket cashier. This job involved repeated extension and flexion of the wrist. The disorders arose after a minimal traumatism. Since it is recognized as an occupational disease, compensated ending of the activity causing the disorder could have been obtained.
Published: 2008

42. Routine testing to reduce late HIV diagnosis in France

Author: Cyrille Delpierre, Lise Cuzin, France Lert, Kaniewski, Nadine, Epidémiologie et Analyses en Santé Publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicap (LEASP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Inflammation, infection, immunologie et loco-moteur [CHU Toulouse] (Pôle I3LM Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Santé publique et épidémiologie des déterminants professionnels et sociaux de la santé, Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Counseling, medicine.medical_specialty, Routine testing, Population, HIV Infections, Disease, 030312 virology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), MESH: Early Diagnosis, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, MESH: Mass Screening, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Health policy, Mass screening, General Environmental Science, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Counseling, Health Policy, Public health, Editorials, General Engineering, MESH: HIV Infections, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, MESH: France, Early Diagnosis, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Family medicine, Immunology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, MESH: Health Policy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Viral disease, business, Analysis
Abstract: Although around half the French population has had an HIV test, many people are still not diagnosed until the disease is advanced. Cyrille Delpierre and colleagues believe the answer is to expand routine testing
Published: 2007

43. Management of acute allergic reactions by dispatching physicians in a Medical Emergency Dispatch Centre

Author: Godet-Mardirossian, Hélène, Goddet, Nathalie-Sybille, Dolveck, François, Baer, Michel, Fletcher, Dominique, Descatha, Alexis, Kaniewski, Nadine, SAMU 92-SMUR, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Hypersensitivity, MESH: Child, Preschool, pre-hospital, MESH: Physician's Role, MESH: Adult, clinical assessment, allergy, MESH: Infant, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: France, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Severity of Illness Index, MESH: Child, MESH: Emergency Medical Services, severity (other), MESH: Acute Disease, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Acute allergic reactions often occur in out-of-hospital settings, and some of these reactions may cause death in the short term. However, initial diagnosis, management and processing of acute allergic reactions by Medical Emergency Dispatch Centres are not documented. The aim of the present study was to describe acute allergic reactions and their management by a Medical Emergency Dispatch Centre. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted from 20 August 2006 to 5 November 2006 on incoming calls for acute allergic reactions to the Medical Emergency Dispatch Centre for the Hauts de Seine (Paris West suburb, France). The agreement between initial diagnosis (made by dispatching physician) and final diagnosis (made by the physician who later examined the patient), and between initial and final severity, were evaluated using Cohen's weighted κ coefficient. RESULTS: 210 calls were included. The diagnoses made by the dispatching physician were: in 58.1% of cases urticaria, in 23.8% angioedema, in 13.3% laryngeal oedema, and in 1.9% anaphylactic shock. The agreement between initial and final diagnoses was evaluated by a κ coefficient at 0.44 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.61) and the agreement between initial and final severity was evaluated using a κ coefficient at 0.37 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.50). CONCLUSIONS: Only moderate agreement is highlighted between the initial severity assessed by the dispatching physician and the final severity assessed by the physician later examining the patient. This demonstrates the need to develop a tool for assessing severity of acute allergic reactions for dispatching physicians in Medical Emergency Dispatch Centres.
Published: 2012

44. Contribution of material, occupational, and psychosocial factors in the explanation of social inequalities in health in 28 countries in Europe

Author: Agnès Parent-Thirion, Maija Lyly-Yrjanainen, Greet Vermeylen, Isabelle Niedhammer, Cecily Kelleher, Robert Anderson, Bénédicte Aldabe, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (EUROFOUND), UCD School of Public Health & Population Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Kaniewski, Nadine, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Self Report, Epidemiology, Social Environment, MESH: Regression Analysis, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Health Surveys, occupation, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Workplace, 10. No inequality, MESH: Workplace, MESH: Social Environment, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Sex Distribution, Middle Aged, Europe, MESH: Health Status Disparities, social inequalities in health, MESH: Young Adult, 8. Economic growth, Regression Analysis, Female, 0305 other medical science, Psychosocial, Adult, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, Adolescent, MESH: Social Support, Social class, Article, MESH: Social Class, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Social support, Sex Factors, Quality of life (healthcare), MESH: Sex Factors, self-reported health, Environmental health, Humans, Social inequality, Social determinants of health, Occupations, Sex Distribution, MESH: Adolescent, 030505 public health, MESH: Humans, MESH: Occupations, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Social Support, Social environment, MESH: Quality of Life, MESH: Adult, Health Status Disparities, Health Surveys, MESH: Male, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Quality of Life, Social exclusion, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Self Report, MESH: Europe, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVES: To analyse the associations between socio-economic status (SES), measured using occupation, and self-reported health, and to examine the contribution of various material, occupational and psychosocial factors to social inequalities in health in Europe. METHODS: This study was based on data from the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) carried out in 2003. The total sample consisted of 6038 and 6383 working men and women in 28 countries in Europe (response rates: 30.3-91.2%). Each set of potential material, occupational and psychosocial mediators included between eight and 11 variables. Statistical analysis was performed using multilevel logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Significant social differences were observed for self-reported health, manual workers being more likely to be in poor health (OR=1.89, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.46 for men, OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.71 to 2.77 for women). Strong social gradients were found for almost all potential mediating factors, and almost all displayed significant associations with self-reported health. Social differences in health were substantially reduced after adjustment for material, occupational and psychosocial factors, with material factors playing a major role. The four strongest contributions to reducing these differences were found for material deprivation, social exclusion, financial problems and job reward. Taking all mediators into account led to an explanation of the social differences in health by 78-100% for men and women. CONCLUSION: The association between SES and poor health may be attributed to differential distributions of several dimensions of material, occupational and psychosocial conditions across occupational groups. Interventions targeting different dimensions might result in a reduction in social inequalities in health.
Published: 2011

45. Differences in the association between sickness absence and long-term sub-optimal health by occupational position: a 14-year follow-up in the GAZEL cohort

Author: Kristina Alexanderson, Maria Melchior, Jane E. Ferrie, Archana Singh-Manoux, Hugo Westerlund, Marcel Goldberg, Jussi Vahtera, Marie Zins, Jenny Head, Mika Kivimäki, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital (TYKS)-University of Turku, This work was supported by an ESRC Research Seminar Series Competition 2007/8 (RES-451-26- 0491). JV and MK are supported by the Academy of Finland (grants #124271, #124322 and 129262), HW is supported by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS, grants #2004-2021, #2007-1143). ASM, JEF and JH are supported by the National Institutes on Aging (NIA RO1AG013196). AS-M is supported by a EUYRI award from the European Science Foundation. KA was supported by the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research., Kaniewski, Nadine, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and University of Turku-Turku University Hospital (TYKS)
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, Health Status, MESH: Occupational Health, Logistic regression, Occupational safety and health, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, MESH: Health Status, Self-rated health, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Sick Leave, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases, Cohort, Sick leave, Female, France, Sick Leave, 0305 other medical science, Adult, MESH: Occupational Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Social class, Article, Odds, MESH: Social Class, 03 medical and health sciences, mental disorders, Humans, Occupations, Occupational Health, 030505 public health, MESH: Occupations, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Adult, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Social Class, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, Demography, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVES: Although sickness absence is a strong predictor of health, whether this association varies by occupational position has rarely been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate overall and diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a predictor of future long-term sub-optimal health by occupational position. METHODS: This was a prospective occupational cohort study of 15 320 employees (73% men) aged 37-51. Sickness absences (1990-1992), included in 13 diagnostic categories, were examined by occupational position in relation to self-rated health measured annually during 1993-2006. RESULTS: 60% of employees in higher occupational positions and 22% in lower positions had no sickness absence. Conversely, 9.5% of employees in higher positions and 40% in lower positions had over 30 sick-leave days. Repeated-measures logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex and chronic disease showed employees with over 30 days absence, compared to those with no absence, had approximately double the risk of sub-optimal health over the 14-year follow-up in all occupational positions. 1-30 days sick-leave was associated with greater odds of sub-optimal health in the high (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.72) and intermediate (1.29; 1.15 to 1.45) but not lower occupational positions (1.06; 0.82 to 1.38). Differences by occupational position in the association between sickness absence in 13 specific diagnostic categories and sub-optimal health over the ensuing 14 years were limited to stronger associations observed with cancer and mental disorders in the higher occupational positions. CONCLUSIONS: The association between sickness absence of more than 30 days over 3 years and future long-term self-rated health appears to differ little by occupational position.
Published: 2011

46. Thoracic outlet syndrome: definition, aetiological factors, diagnosis, management and occupational impact

Author: Yves Roquelaure, Camille Rodaix, Alexis Descatha, Bernard Fouquet, Jacky Laulan, Pénélope Jauffret, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'Ergonomie et d'Épidémiologie en Santé au Travail (LEEST), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Kaniewski, Nadine, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: MESH: Occupational Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, diagnosis, Thoracic outlet syndrome, medicine.medical_treatment, Occupational disease, Disease, Article, rehabilitation, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Occupational Therapy, Risk Factors, Multidisciplinary approach, MESH: Diagnosis, Differential, MESH: Risk Factors, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Prevalence, Rehabilitation, MESH: Humans, business.industry, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Occupational Diseases, Health psychology, MESH: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Workforce, occupational disease, Physical therapy, Etiology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; INTRODUCTION: Thoracic outlet syndrome is a controversial cause of neck and shoulder pain due to complex mechanisms involving muscular dysfunction and nerve compression. Although management of thoracic outlet syndrome must be based on a multidisciplinary approach, physicians and occupational therapist should be familiar with the principles of diagnosis and treatment. METHOD, RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The purpose of this article is to review the definitions, diagnosis and management of this syndrome. A particular emphasis was described on the links between the workplace and the individual in the pathogenesis, prevalence in the workforce and the course of this disease.
Published: 2011

47. Combined effects of depressive symptoms and resting heart rate on mortality: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study.: Depression, Resting Heart Rate and Mortality

Author: Nabi, Hermann, Kivimäki, Mika, Empana, Jean-Philippe, Sabia, Séverine, Britton, Annie, Marmot, Michael, Shipley, Martin, Singh-Manoux, Archana, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Gérontologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Sainte Perine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), The Whitehall II study is supported by grants from the Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Health and Safety Executive, Department of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (R01HL036310), US, NIH: National Institute on Aging (R01AG013196 and R01AG034454), US, NIH, Agency for Health Care Policy Research (HS06516), and the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socio-economic Status and Health. JV and MK are supported by the Academy of Finland (projects 124271, 124322, 129262 and 132944) and MK is additionally supported by the BUPA Foundation, UK, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institute on Aging, USA. MJS and AB are supported by a grant from the British Heart Foundation and MGM by a Medical Research Council research professorship. AS-M is supported by a 'European Young Investigator Award' from the European Science Foundation., and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: resting heart rate and mortality, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, depression, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: To examine the combined effects of depressive symptoms and resting heart rate on mortality risk. METHOD: Analysis was performed on data from 5,936 participants in the Whitehall II study with a mean ± SD age of 61 ± 6 years. Depressive symptoms were assessed from 2002 to 2004 using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (cutoff score for depression at ≥ 16). Resting heart rate was measured at the same study phase via electrocardiogram. Participants were assigned to 1 of 6 risk-factor groups on the basis of depression status (yes/no) and resting heart rate categories (< 60, 60-80, and > 80 beats/minute [bpm]). All-cause mortality was the main outcome in our analysis. Mean follow-up for mortality was 5.6 years. RESULTS: In mutually adjusted Cox regression models, depression (hazard ratio = 1.93, P < .001) and resting heart rate > 80 bpm (hazard ratio = 1.67, P < .001) were independent predictors of mortality. After adjustment for potential confounding and mediating variables, participants with both depression and high resting heart rate had a 3-fold higher (P < .001) risk of death compared to depression-free participants with resting heart rates ranging from 60 to 80 bpm. This risk is particularly marked in participants with prevalent coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that the coexistence of depressive symptoms and elevated resting heart rate is associated with substantially increased risk of death compared to those without these 2 factors. This finding suggests the possibility that treatments that improve both depression and resting heart rate might improve survival.
Published: 2011

48. Cognitive hostility and suicide

Author: Lemogne, Cédric, Fossati, Philippe, Limosin, Frédéric, Nabi, Hermann, Encrenaz, Gaelle, Bonenfant, Sébastien, Consoli, Silla, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Service de psychiatrie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] ( HEGP ), Centre Emotion, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpital Corentin Celton [Issy-les-Moulineaux], Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences ( CPN - U894 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), The GAZEL Cohort Study was funded by EDF-GDF and INSERM, and received grants from the 'Cohortes Santé TGIR Program', 'Agence nationale de la recherché' (ANR) and 'Agence française de sécurité sanitaire de l‟environnement et du travail' (AFSSET). The personality data collection was funded by the 'Caisse Nationale d‟Assurance Maladie' and by the 'Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer'., Kaniewski, Nadine, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Corentin Celton [Issy-les-Moulineaux], Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Risk, MESH: Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, Epidemiology, MESH : Male, MESH: Depressive Disorder, MESH: Cognition, Cognition, Hostility, MESH : Socioeconomic Factors, Humans, MESH : Female, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : Hostility, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Depressive Disorder, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH : Suicide, MESH: Hostility, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: Male, MESH : Depressive Disorder, Suicide, MESH: Suicide, Socioeconomic Factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Cognition, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, MESH: Female, Personality
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a specific component of hostility (i.e. cognitive or behavioural) may predict suicide in a prospective design, controlling for depressive mood. METHOD: In 1993, 14,752 members of the 'GAZ et ELectricité' (GAZEL) cohort (10,819 men, mean age=49.0 years; 3933 women, mean age=46.2 years) completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and at least one subscale (i.e. cognitive or behavioural hostility) of the Buss and Durkee Hostility Inventory. Dates and causes of death were obtained annually. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 15.7 years, 28 participants completed suicide (24 men, four women). Suicide was predicted by depressive mood [relative index of inequality (RII) (95% CI)=8.16 (1.97-33.85)] and cognitive hostility [RII (95% CI)=10.76 (2.50-46.42)], but not behavioural hostility [RII (95% CI)=1.37 (0.38-4.97)]. These associations remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. After mutual adjustment, however, suicide remained significantly associated with cognitive hostility [RII (95% CI)=8.87 (1.52-51.71)] (RII reduction: 34.6%), but no longer with depressive mood [RII (95% CI)=2.03 (0.41-10.07)] (RII reduction: 79.1%). CONCLUSION: Cognitive rather than behavioural hostility is associated with an increased risk of suicide, independently of baseline depressive mood.
Published: 2011

49. Influence of retirement and work stress on headache prevalence: a longitudinal modelling study from the GAZEL Cohort Study

Author: Marcel Goldberg, Paula Salo, Jaana Pentti, Noora Sjösten, Archana Singh-Manoux, Hermann Nabi, Mika Kivimäki, Hugo Westerlund, Jean-François Dartigues, Tuula Oksanen, Marie Zins, Jussi Vahtera, Department of Public Health, University of Turku-Turku University Hospital (TYKS), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Heath, Unit of Excellence for Psychosocial Factors, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Helsinki, The GAZEL Cohort Study was funded by EDF-GDF and INSERM, and received grants from the 'Cohortes Santé TGIR Program‟, Agence nationale de la recherché (ANR) and Agence française de sécurité sanitaire de l‟environnement et du travail (AFSSET). The Hemicrania study (sub-cohort) was funded by GlaxoSmithKline laboratories. In addition, the study was supported by the BUPA Foundation, the Social Insurance Institution of Finland and the Academy of Finland (project numbers 117 604, 124 271, 124 322, 126 602)., Turku University Hospital (TYKS)-University of Turku, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, and Kaniewski, Nadine
Subjects: Male, MESH: Retirement, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Longitudinal Studies, MESH: Cohort Studies, media_common, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Employment, MESH: Stress, Psychological, General Medicine, Middle Aged, work stress, MESH: Migraine Disorders, retirement, Cohort, Female, headache, Personality, Cohort study, Adult, Employment, medicine.medical_specialty, Migraine Disorders, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Personality, Humans, education, Psychiatry, MESH: Prevalence, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH: Headache, MESH: Adult, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Mental health, stress-prone personality, Confidence interval, MESH: Male, Migraine, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Neurology (clinical), business, MESH: Female, Stress, Psychological, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: Aims: The aims of this study were to examine trajectories of headache in relation to retirement and to clarify the role of work stress and stress-prone personality. Methods: Headache prevalence during the 7 years before and after retirement was measured by annual questionnaires from GAZEL cohort comprising French national gas and electricity company employees ( n = 12,913). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for headache during pre- peri- and post-retirement were calculated. The role of effect modifiers (work stress, type A or hostile personality) was tested by multiplicative interactions and synergy indices. Results: An 11–13% reduction in headache prevalence was found during pre- and post-retirement, whereas decline was much steeper (46%) during the retirement transition. In absolute terms, the decline was greater among persons with high work stress or stress-prone personality than among other participants. Conclusions: Retirement is associated with a decrease in headache prevalence, particularly among persons with a high amount of work stress or proneness to over-react to stress.
Published: 2011

50. Workplace bullying and psychotropic drug use: the mediating role of physical and mental health status

Author: Anne Drummond, Isabelle Niedhammer, Stéphanie Degioanni, Simone David, occupational physicians, Pierre Philip, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UCD School of Public Health & Population Science, Clinique du sommeil, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, 143 occupational physicians, Kaniewski, Nadine, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Workplace bullying, Male, psychotropic drug use, Health Status, Poison control, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Workplace, MESH: Workplace, MESH: Health Status, MESH: Middle Aged, Mental Disorders, Human factors and ergonomics, MESH: Bullying, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 16. Peace & justice, 3. Good health, MESH: Substance-Related Disorders, Marital status, Female, France, workplace bullying, mental health, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Psychotropic Drugs, Substance-Related Disorders, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, self-reported health, Injury prevention, medicine, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Humans, MESH: Mental Disorders, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Psychiatry, MESH: Prevalence, Psychotropic Drugs, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Questionnaires, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Bullying, MESH: Adult, Mental health, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Cross-Sectional Studies, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Drs ACQUARONE D, AICARDI F, ANDRE-MAZEAUD P, ARSENTO M, ASTIER R, BAILLE H, BAJON-THERY F, BARRE E, BASIRE C, BATTU JL, BAUDRY S, BEATINI C, BEAUD'HUIN N, BECKER C, BELLEZZA D, BEQUE C, BERNSTEIN O, BEYSSIER C, BLANC-CASCIO F, BLANCHET N, BLONDEL C, BOISSELOT R, BORDES-DUPUY G, BORRELLY N, BOUHNIK D, BOULANGER MF, BOULARD J, BOURREAU P, BOURRET D, BOUSTIERE AM, BRETON C, BUGEON G, BUONO-MICHEL M, CANONNE JF, CAPELLA D, CAVIN-REY M, CERVONI C, CHARRETON D, CHARRIER D, CHAUVIN MA, CHAZAL B, COUGNOT C, CUVELIER G, DALIVOUST G, DAUMAS R, DEBAILLE A, DE BRETTEVILLE L, DELAFORGE G, DELCHAMBRE A, DOMENY L, DONATI Y, DUCORD-CHAPELET J, DURAN C, DURAND-BRUGUEROLLE D, FABRE D, FAIVRE A, FALLERI R, FERRANDO G, FERRARI-GALANO J, FLUTET M, FOUCHE JP, FOURNIER F, FREYDER E, GALY M, GARCIA A, GAZAZIAN G, GERARD C, GIRARD F, GIUGE M, GOYER C, GRAVIER C, GUYOMARD A, HACQUIN MC, HALIMI E, IBAGNES T, ICART P, JACQUIN MC, JAUBERT B, JORET JP, JULIEN JP, KACEL M, KESMEDJIAN E, LACROIX P, LAFON-BORELLI M, LALLAI S, LAUDICINA J, LECLERCQ X, LEDIEU S, LEROY J, LEROYER L, LOESCHE F, LONDI D, LONGUEVILLE JM, LOTTE MC, LOUVAIN S, LOZE M, MACULET-SIMON M, MAGALLON G, MARCELOT V, MAREEL MC, MARTIN P, MASSE AM, MERIC M, MILLIET C, MOKHTARI R, MONVILLE AM, MULLER B, OBADIA G, PELSER M, PERES L, PEREZ E, PEYRON M, PEYRONNIN F, POSTEL S, PRESSEQ P, PYRONNET E, QUINSAT C, RAULOT-LAPOINTE H, RIGAUD P, ROBERT F, ROBERT O, ROGER K, ROUSSEL A, ROUX JP, RUBINI-REMIGY D, SABATE N, SACCOMANO-PERTUS C, SALENGRO B, SALENGRO-TROUILLEZ P, SAMSOM E, SENDRA-GILLE L, SEYRIG C, STOLL G, TARPINIAN N, TAVERNIER M, TEMPESTA S, TERRACOL H, TORRESANI F, TRIGLIA MF, VANDOMME V, VIEILLARD F, VILMOT K, VITAL N; International audience; OBJECTIVES: The association between workplace bullying and psychotropic drug use is not well established. This study was aimed at exploring the association between workplace bullying, and its characteristics, and psychotropic drug use and studying the mediating role of physical and mental health. METHODS: The study population consisted of a random sample of 3132 men and 4562 women of the working population in the south-east of France. Workplace bullying, evaluated using the validated instrument elaborated by Leymann, and psychotropic drug use, as well as covariates, were measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Covariates included age, marital status, presence of children, education, occupation, working hours, night work, physico-chemical exposures at work, self-reported health, and depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis and was carried out separately for men and women. RESULTS: Workplace bullying was strongly associated with psychotropic drug use. Past exposure to bullying increased the risk for this use. The more frequent and the longer the exposure to bullying, the stronger the association with psychotropic drug use. Observing bullying on someone else at the workplace was associated with psychotropic drug use. Adjustment for covariates did not modify the results. Additional adjustment for self-reported health and depressive symptoms reduced the magnitude of the associations, especially for men. CONCLUSIONS: The association between bullying and psychotropic drug use was found to be significant and strong and was partially mediated by physical and mental health.
Published: 2011

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