Search

Funding Information: We are grateful to Henri Godfrin, Ari Harju, Ville Havu, Andreas Huettel, Martti Puska, and Erkki Thuneberg for discussions, and Petri Tonteri from Densiq Ltd. (90620 Oulu, Finland) for providing us with the ultra-pure grafoil. We thank Miika Haataja for measuring the surface area of the grafoil sample and Qiang Zhang for participation in the optimization of the CNT process. Funding: This work was supported by Academy of Finland projects No. 314448 (BOLOSE), No. 312295 (CoE, Quantum Technology Finland), and No. 316572 (CNTstress). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement No 824109 (EMP), under ERC Grant No. 670743 (QuDeT), and in part by Marie-Curie training network project (OMT, No. 722923). J.-P.K. is grateful for the financial support from Vilho, Yrjö and Kalle Väisälä Foundation of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters. This research project utilized the Aalto University OtaNano/LTL infrastructure. | openaire: EC/H2020/670743/EU//QuDeT | openaire: EC/H2020/824109/EU//EMP | openaire: EC/H2020/722923/EU//OMT Low dimensional fermionic quantum systems are exceptionally interesting because they reveal distinctive physical phenomena, including among others, topologically protected excitations, edge states, frustration, and fractionalization. Our aim was to confine 3He on a suspended carbon nanotube to form 2-dimensional Fermi-system. Here we report our measurements of the mechanical resonance of the nanotube with adsorbed sub-monolayer down to 10 mK. At intermediate coverages we have observed the famous 1/3 commensurate solid. However, at larger monolayer densities we have observed a quantum phase transition from 1/3 solid to an unknown, soft, and mobile solid phase. We interpret this mobile solid phase as a bosonic commensurate crystal consisting of helium dimers with topologically-induced zero-point vacancies which are delocalized at low temperatures. We thus demonstrate that 3He on a nanotube merges both fermionic and bosonic phenomena, with a quantum phase transition between fermionic solid 1/3 phase and the observed bosonic dimer solid.

Increasing population levels of physical activity (PA) can assist in achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals, benefiting multiple sectors and contributing to global prosperity. Practices and policies to increase PA levels exist at the subnational, national, and international levels. In 2018, the World Health Organization launched the first Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (GAPPA). The GAPPA provides guidance through a framework of effective and feasible policy actions for increasing PA, and requires engagement and advocacy from a wide spectrum of stakeholders for successful implementation of the proposed actions. Early career professionals, including researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, can play a major role with helping “all people being regularly active” by contributing to 4 overarching areas: (1) generation—of evidence, (2) dissemination—of key messages and evidence, (3) implementation—of the evidence-based actions proposed in the GAPPA, and (4) contributing to advocacy for robust national action plans on PA. The contribution of early career professionals can be achieved through 5 pathways: (1) research, (2) workplace/practice, (3) business, (4) policy, and (5) professional and public opinion. Recommendations of how early career professionals can contribute to the generation, dissemination, and implementation of the evidence and actions proposed by the GAPPA are provided.

Physical inactivity is estimated to cause as many deaths globally each year as smoking. Current guidelines recommend ���150 min/wk of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (PA) and muscle-strengthening exercises on ���2 d/wk. These guidelines are based primarily on studies using self-reported moderate-to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA). Technological developments now enable device assessments of light-intensity PA (LPA) and sedentary behavior, and well-designed studies with such assessments that investigate clinical outcomes are needed for updating current guidelines. Here, we present data from the WHS (Women���s Health Study). (The data, analytical methods, and study materials will not be made available to other researchers for purposes of reproducing the results or replicating the procedure.)

【概要】本論文は, 1274年の第1次元冠-文永の役において果たして台風が吹いたかどうかを, 気象学と古文書を駆使して検証したものである。結論は元軍は武装偵察隊であったというものである。同時に幾つかの新事実も発見した。 【Abstract】In the beginning of this research, our objective was to check by scrutinizing the old original data whether there was a kamikaze in the first Mongolian attack. Our purpose is to verify a preliminary hypothesis to the effect that "the Yuan troops were an armed reconnaissance and after one day's fight, they found that the Japanese troops were stronger than they thought and they just made a retreat as planned." Probably H. Arakawa [A] was the first to shed the light of science on to whether there was a kamikaze in 1274, on November 26th, which led us to start suspecting the history taught at school.

Hiroharu Kamioka,1 Kiichiro Tsutani,2 Yoshiteru Mutoh,3 Takuya Honda,4 Nobuyoshi Shiozawa,5 Shinpei Okada,6 Sang-Jun Park,6 Jun Kitayuguchi,7 Masamitsu Kamada,8 Hiroyasu Okuizumi,9 Shuichi Handa91Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 2Department of Drug Policy and Management, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 3Todai Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 4Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 5Food Labeling Division, Consumer Affairs Agency, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, Tokyo, 6Physical Education and Medicine Research Foundation, Nagano, 7Physical Education and Medicine Research Center Unnan, Shimane, 8Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Shimane University School of Medicine, Shimane, 9Mimaki Onsen (Spa) Clinic, Tomi City, Nagano, JapanObjective: To summarize the evidence for curative and health enhancement effects through forest therapy and to assess the quality of studies based on a review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Study design: A systematic review based on RCTs.Methods: Studies were eligible if they were RCTs. Studies included one treatment group in which forest therapy was applied. The following databases – from 1990 to November 9, 2010 – were searched: MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Ichushi-Web. All Cochrane databases and Campbell Systematic Reviews were also searched up to November 9, 2010.Results: Two trials met all inclusion criteria. No specific diseases were evaluated, and both studies reported significant effectiveness in one or more outcomes for health enhancement. However, the results of evaluations with the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) 2010 and CLEAR NPT (A Checklist to Evaluate a Report of a Nonpharmacological Trial) checklists generally showed a remarkable lack of description in the studies. Furthermore, there was a problem of heterogeneity, thus a meta-analysis was unable to be performed.Conclusion: Because there was insufficient evidence on forest therapy due to poor methodological and reporting quality and heterogeneity of RCTs, it was not possible to offer any conclusions about the effects of this intervention. However, it was possible to identify problems with current RCTs of forest therapy, and to propose a strategy for strengthening study quality and stressing the importance of study feasibility and original check items based on characteristics of forest therapy as a future research agenda.Keywords: forest therapy, randomized controlled trial, curative effect, health enhancement

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000

Hiroharu Kamioka1, Kiichiro Tsutani2, Yoshiteru Mutoh3, Hiroyasu Okuizum4, Miho Ohta5, Shuichi Handa4, Shinpei Okada6, Jun Kitayuguchi7, Masamitsu Kamada7, Nobuyoshi Shiozawa8, Sang-Jun Park4, Takuya Honda4, Shoko Moriyama41Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan; 2Department of Drug Policy and Management, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 4Mimaki Onsen (Spa) Clinic, Tomi City, Japan; 5Laboratory of Aqua, Health, and Sports Medicine, 6Physical Education and Medicine Research Foundation, Nagano, Japan; 7Physical Education and Medicine Research Center Unnan, Unnan City, Japan; 8Department of Longevity and Social Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JapanBackground: The objectives of this review were to integrate the evidence of curative effects through aquatic exercise and assess the quality of studies based on a review of nonrandomized controlled trials (nRCTs).Methods: Study design was a systematic review of nonrandomized controlled trials. Trials were eligible if they were nonrandomized clinical trials. Studies included one treatment group in which aquatic exercise was applied. We searched the following databases from 2000 up to July 20, 2009: MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, and Ichushi-Web.Results: Twenty-one trials met all inclusion criteria. Languages included were English (N = 9), Japanese (N = 11), and Korean (N = 1). Target diseases were knee and/or hip osteoarthritis, poliomyelitis, chronic kidney disease, discomforts of pregnancy, cardiovascular diseases, and rotator cuff tears. Many studies on nonspecific disease (healthy participants) were included. All studies reported significant effectiveness in at least one or more outcomes. However results of evaluations with the TREND and CLEAR-NPT checklists generally showed a remarkable lack of description in the studies. Furthermore, there was the problem of heterogeneity, and we were therefore not able to perform a meta-analysis.Conclusion: Because there was insufficient evidence on aquatic exercise due to poor methodological and reporting quality and heterogeneity of nRCTs, we were unable to offer any conclusions about the effects of this intervention. However, we were able to identify problems with current nRCTs of aquatic exercise, and propose a strategy of strengthening study quality, stressing the importance of study feasibility as a future research agenda objective.Keywords: aquatic exercise, systematic review, nonrandomized controlled trials&nbsp

Reflection and absorption spectra of hydrogen-bonded ferroelectric PbHPO 4 and PbHAsO 4 have been investigated for the first time in the energy range from 3 to 25 eV. The first exciton transitions observed around 5.2–5.7 eV are assigned as Pb 2+ 6s→6p interband transition. A logarithmic plot of the absorption coefficient at the fundamental absorption edge vs. photon energy gives a straight line above 30 K. It is found that the temperature dependence of steepness parameter σ is scaled with the spontaneous polarization P S . These results are discussed in terms of the exciton–lattice interaction based on the Urbach rule.

Desorption of F+ induced by core-level excitation with synchrotron radiation has been investigated on the CaF2(111) film produced on Si(111). The ion yield is proportional to electron yield in the region of the Ca-2p edge, while an enhancement of the ion yield is observed at the photon energy for the F-1s core-exciton. The peak corresponding to the F-1s excitation observed in the ion yield is shifted from that in the electron yield by about −1.2 eV, which is predominantly ascribed to the change in the Madelung potential at the surface. The electron–ion coincidence study shows that the F+ desorption is directly stimulated via a decay of the F-1s surface core-exciton, while secondary-electron stimulated desorption is the predominant process after the creation of Ca-2p hole.

We propose a phase diagram for FexBi2Te3 (0 < x < 0.1) single crystals, which belong to a class of magnetically bulk-doped topological insulators. The evolution of magnetic correlations from ferromagnetic- to antiferromagnetic- gives rise to topological phase transitions, where the paramagnetic topological insulator of Bi2Te3 turns into a band insulator with ferromagnetic-cluster glassy behaviours around x ~ 0.025, and it further evolves to a topological insulator with valence-bond glassy behaviours, which spans over the region between x ~ 0.03 up to x ~ 0.1. This phase diagram is verified by measuring magnetization, magnetotransport, and angle-resolved photoemission spectra with theoretical discussions., Comment: To be published in Phys. Rev. Lett

We propose a phase diagram for FexBi2Te3 (0 < x < 0.1) single crystals, which belong to a class of magnetically bulk-doped topological insulators. The evolution of magnetic correlations from ferromagnetic- to antiferromagnetic- gives rise to topological phase transitions, where the paramagnetic topological insulator of Bi2Te3 turns into a band insulator with ferromagnetic-cluster glassy behaviours around x ~ 0.025, and it further evolves to a topological insulator with valence-bond glassy behaviours, which spans over the region between x ~ 0.03 up to x ~ 0.1. This phase diagram is verified by measuring magnetization, magnetotransport, and angle-resolved photoemission spectra with theoretical discussions., To be published in Phys. Rev. Lett

OJ 287 is a BL Lac object at redshift.z= 0.306 that has shown double-peaked bursts at regular intervals of ∼12 yr during the last ∼40 yr. We analyse optical photopolarimetric monitoring data from 2005 to 2009, during which the latest double-peaked outburst occurred. The aim of this study is twofold: firstly, we aim to analyse variability patterns and statistical properties of the optical polarization light curve. We find a strong preferred position angle in optical polarization. The preferred position angle can be explained by separating the jet emission into two components: an optical polarization core and chaotic jet emission. The optical polarization core is stable on time-scales of years and can be explained as emission from an underlying quiescent jet component. The chaotic jet emission sometimes exhibits a circular movement in the Stokes plane. We find six such events, all on the time-scales of 10-20 d. We interpret these events as a shock front moving forwards and backwards in the jet, swiping through a helical magnetic field. Secondly, we use our data to assess different binary black hole models proposed to explain the regularly appearing double-peaked bursts in OJ 287. We compose a list of requirements a model has to fulfil to explain the mysterious behaviour observed in OJ 287. The list includes not only characteristics of the light curve but also other properties of OJ 287, such as the black hole mass and restrictions on accretion flow properties. We rate all existing models using this list and conclude that none of the models is able to explain all observations. We discuss possible new explanations and propose a new approach to understanding OJ 287. We suggest that both the double-peaked bursts and the evolution of the optical polarization position angle could be explained as a sign of resonant accretion of magnetic field lines, a 'magnetic breathing' of the disc. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 RAS.

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004

The effect of VUV undulator excitation intensity on the emission shape and decay time of BaF₂ crystal at low temperature has been observed. The findings are explained in terms of quenching of Auger-free luminescence (cross luminescence) by self-trapped exciton via Förster mechanism energy transfer.

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996

Photoluminescent properties of pure C₆₀ thin solid films have been investigated in the emission range of 1.2-2.4 eV over a wide temperature interval under excitations with 3.7 and 36 eV photons. Dose dependence of the luminescence degradation of C₆₀ films under long-time UV and VUV irradiation has been discovered and examined at various ambient conditions. Temperature dependence of luminescence from 10 to 300 K exhibited a step-like peculiarity in the vicinity of the structural phase transition near Tc ~ 250 K, and a decrease from 13 to 10 K. Also a C₆₀ luminescence in the process of doping by neutral potassium atomic beam «in situ» at 400 K has been examined. The luminescence decay time measurements gave values of 1.2 ± 0.. I ns for a singlet excited state, and -400 microseconds for a triplet state, the latter decays non-radiatively with a probability of more than 80%. The experimental data obtained lead us to a conclusion that the intrinsic nature of luminescence in solid C₆₀ , correlates with the bulk properties which may be attributed, mainly, to self-trapped singlet excitons. The influence of the triplet state was also observable via protection against photopolymerization due to energy transfer from the excited triplet state of C₆₀ to intercalated dioxygen.

La 5p photoemission spectra under the 4d --> 4f resonant excitation are studied both experimentally and theoretically. An anomalous change of the photoemission branching ratio between 5p1/2 and 5p3/2 intensities at P-3(1) and 3D1 resonances is observed by energy distribution curves and constant-initial-state (CIS) spectra. This change of the branching ratio is attributed to the multiplet dependence of the Auger transition probabilities. Also an anti-resonance is observed in the CIS spectrum at the 3D1 resonance, which is shown to be caused by interference of the emission via the P-1(1) and 3D1 intermediate states.

To elucidate the current status of foal diseases in Japan, clinico-pathological analysis was conducted on 237 foal autopsy cases. As a result, bacterial infection was identified as an important cause of foal death. Most of the bacteria isolated from these cases were ubiquitous, opportunistic, environmental organisms, known to be non-pathogenic to mature animals. Most of cases with bacterial infection were diagnosed as having hypogammaglobulinemia, i.e., failure of passive transfer. In addition, the mean weight of thymuses in foals affected by bacterial infection tended to be lower than that of foals without infection. These findings suggest that the common cause of foal diseases were mainly due to the opportunistic bacterial infections associated with the weakened immune function, serving as precursor to or promotor of infection.

Valence electronic structure of β-FeSi2 single crystal has been investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The plate-type β-FeSi2 single crystal has been grown by chemical vapor transport method. The surface contamination and oxide layer were removed by Ne+ ion sputtering. The dependence of the valence band spectra on exciting photon energy shows that the strong peak at the binging energy (EBin) of 0.5 eV and the shoulder peak at EBin=8 eV are assigned to be Fe3d and Si3p orbitals, respectively. Upon the excitation of Fe2p3/2, resonant enhancement of the valence band was observed at EBin=3.7 eV, which is very similar to Fe metal. This fact suggests the existence of the two-hole satellite states from Fe3d orbitals.

Mutation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene is responsible for familial and sporadic renal cell carcinomas as well as for cancers in many other organs. According to recent studies, the VHL protein (pVHL) is a multifunctional tumor suppressor protein associated with the inhibition of angiogenesis, cell cycle exit, fibronectin matrix assembly, and proteolysis. To examine whether pVHL affects other important cellular events such as morphogenesis, adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, or motility, we introduced the VHL gene into human kidney and lung cancer cells and compared its effects with those in parental cells. Compared with non-pVHL-expressing cells, the morphogenesis of pVHL-expressing cells was remarkably changed, with cells having many focal adhesions and stress fibers and a spreading morphology. The attachment ability of non-pVHL-expressing cells was significantly increased by expression of pVHL. Additional studies showed that vinculin was translocalized from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane by the pVHL expression, indicating induction of focal adhesion formation by pVHL. Furthermore, motility of the pVHL-expressing cells was significantly reduced compared with that of non-pVHL-expressing cells (P0.05). These results indicate that pVHL stabilized actin organization and inhibited cell motility through focal adhesion formation. Thus, pVHL plays a crucial role in cytoskeletal organization and motility and functions as a unique suppressor protein in malignant cells.

This paper is devoted to investigation of luminescence and some electric properties of C-60 single crystal and their connection with X-traps model. Luminescence properties for C-60 single crystal, the temperature dependence of the luminescence spectra and decay kinetics were measured for wide range of excitation energies. At low temperatures the emission spectra with well resolved structure were detected. Opposite to the case of C-60 films, the single crystal shape of the luminescence spectra also change with temperature. This behavior can be described in terms of X-trap model as proposed in [1]. The luminescence kinetics under 36 eV excitation as a function of temperature was investigated in nanosecond range. At temperature T < 300 K, the decay curve is non-exponential and it can be fitted formally by two exponents with characteristic times in the 1-100 ns range. We suppose the explanation of this relaxation behavior requires more particular information about electron-hole recombination dynamics which can be affected by X-traps. Following X-traps concept we present preliminary results of thermostimulated currents spectroscopy experiments. It reveals the availability of two thermorelaxation processes in C-60 single crystal and therefore indeed the presence at least of two types of traps for charges in this crystals.