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In today's business environment, the trend towards more product variety and customization is unbroken. Due to this development, the need of agile and reconfigurable production systems emerged to cope with various products and product families. To design and optimize production systems as well as to choose the optimal product matches, product analysis methods are needed. Indeed, most of the known methods aim to analyze a product or one product family on the physical level. Different product families, however, may differ largely in terms of the number and nature of components. This fact impedes an efficient comparison and choice of appropriate product family combinations for the production system. A new methodology is proposed to analyze existing products in view of their functional and physical architecture. The aim is to cluster these products in new assembly oriented product families for the optimization of existing assembly lines and the creation of future reconfigurable assembly systems. Based on Datum Flow Chain, the physical structure of the products is analyzed. Functional subassemblies are identified, and a functional analysis is performed. Moreover, a hybrid functional and physical architecture graph (HyFPAG) is the output which depicts the similarity between product families by providing design support to both, production system planners and product designers. An illustrative example of a nail-clipper is used to explain the proposed methodology. An industrial case study on two product families of steering columns of thyssenkrupp Presta France is then carried out to give a first industrial evaluation of the proposed approach.

Traditionally, most UX designers, computer scientists and software engineers have not had to consider risks to the public from using their systems. However, the current evolution of digital systems in terms of the increasing number of users, their growing complexity and the pervasiveness of Artificial Intelligence techniques allow common HCI designers and engineers to build systems that create risks for the individual, groups of people, or event to the entire society. In this workshop, we aim at collecting the views and the current practice in the management of the risks and benefits in the engineering of interactive digital systems. Such a view will draw the way for new research, methods, and tools to incorporate the risk analysis into the current engineering and design practices. The workshop is proposed on behalf of the IFIP Working Groups 2.7/13.4 on User Interface Engineering.

Part 4: Poster and Demos; International audience; Manual assembly in high variety - low volume production is challenging for the operators as there might be small changes from one product to the next. The operators receive adapted instruction sets to be aware of these small differences, currently either printed or presented on a computer terminal. Augmented Reality (AR) is considered the future of work instruction display as it promises hands-free interaction, but interacting with AR interfaces can be problematic in production environments.In this paper, we report on an exploratory study where we compare tablet interaction with three different ways of touch interaction for AR glasses: on the table, on the glasses, and the lower arm. While keeping the instructions the same in all conditions, we measured how placement affects the overall workload while performing an assembly task. Results indicate that combining additional wearable touch input with AR glasses is at least a promising direction for future research and, at best, an enabler for more widespread AR usage in manual assembly.

When using computer-aided translation systems in a typical, professional translation workflow, there are several stages at which there is room for improvement. The SCATE (Smart Computer-Aided Translation Environment) project investigated several of these aspects, both from a human-computer interaction point of view, as well as from a purely technological side. This paper describes the SCATE research with respect to improved fuzzy matching, parallel treebanks, the integration of translation memories with machine translation, quality estimation, terminology extraction from comparable texts, the use of speech recognition in the translation process, and human computer interaction and interface design for the professional translation environment. For each of these topics, we describe the experiments we performed and the conclusions drawn, providing an overview of the highlights of the entire SCATE project. The research in this project was funded by the Flemish Agency for Innovation and Technology IWT, project number 13007.

Workshops are a great opportunity for identifying innovative topics of research that might require discussion and maturation. This paper summarizes the outcomes of the workshops track of the 11th Engineering Interactive Computing Systems conference (EICS 2019), held in Valencia (Spain) on 18-21 June 2019. The track featured three workshops, one half-day, one full-day and one two-days workshop, each focused on specific topics of the ongoing research in engineering usable and effective interactive computing systems. In particular, the list of discussed topics include novel forms of interaction and emerging themes in HCI related to new application domains, more efficient and enjoyable interaction possibilities associated to smart objects and smart environments, challenges faced in designing, developing and using interactive systems involving multiple stakeholders., (undefined)

Part 4: Tools and Tool-Support; International audience; Collaborative robot-assisted production has great potential for high variety low volume production lines. These type of production lines are common in both personal fabrication settings as well as in several types of flexible production lines. Moreover, many assembly tasks are in fact hard to complete by a single user or a single robot, and benefit greatly from a fluent collaboration between both. However, programming such systems is cumbersome, given the wide variation of tasks and the complexity of instructing a robot how it should move and operate in collaboration with a human user.In this paper we explore the case of collaborative assembly for personal fabrication. Based on a CAD model of the envisioned product, our software analyzes how this can be composed from a set of standardized pieces and suggests a series of collaborative assembly steps to complete the product. The proposed tool removes the need for the end-user to perform additional programming of the robot. We use a low-cost robot setup that is accessible and usable for typical personal fabrication activities in Fab Labs and Makerspaces. Participants in a first experimental study testified that our approach leads to a fluent collaborative assembly process. Based on this preliminary evaluation, we present next steps and potential implications.

Implementing multimodal interactions with event-driven languages results in a ‘callback soup', a source code littered with a multitude of flags that have to be maintained in a self-consistent manner and across different event handlers. Prototyping multimodal interactions adds to the complexity and error sensitivity, since the program code has to be refined iteratively as developers explore different possibilities and solutions. The authors present a declarative language for rapid prototyping multimodal interactions: Hasselt permits declaring composite events, sets of events that are logically related because of the interaction they support, that can be easily bound to dedicated event handlers for separate interactions. The authors' approach allows the description of multimodal interactions at a higher level of abstraction than event languages, which saves developers from dealing with the typical ‘callback soup' thereby resulting in a gain in programming efficiency and a reduction in errors when writing event handling code. They compared Hasselt with using a traditional programming language with strong support for events in a study with 12 participants each having a solid background in software development. When performing equivalent modifications to a multimodal interaction, the use of Hasselt leads to higher completion rates, lower completion times, and less code testing than when using a mainstream event-driven language.

Translation environments offer various translation aids to support professional translators. However, translation aids typically provide only limited justification for the translation suggestions they propose. In this paper we present Intellingo, a translation environment that explores intelligibility for translation aids, to enable more sensible usage of translation suggestions. We performed a comparative study between an intelligible version and a non-intelligible version of Intellingo. The results show that although adding intelligibility does not necessarily result in significant changes to the user experience, translators can better assess translation suggestions without a negative impact on their performance. Intelligibility is preferred by translators when the additional information it conveys benefits the translation process and when this information is not part of the translator’s readily available knowledge. The SCATE (Smart Computer-Aided Translation Environment) project IWT 130041 is funded by the Flemish Institute for the Promotion of the Scientific-Technological Research in the Industry (IWT Vlaanderen).

Empathic communication allows individuals to perceive and understand the feeling and emotion of the person with whom they are interacting. This could be particularly important during remote collaboration (such as remote assistance or distance learning) to enhance the social and emotional understanding of geographically distributed partners. However, supporting awareness in remote collaboration is very challenging especially when the interaction with the remote parties results in less information that can be communicated than in a physical interaction. We explore the effect of visualization using physiological cues that allow users to interpret emotional behaviors of remote parties with whom they are interacting in real time. The proposed visual representation allows users to infer emotional patterns from physiological cues that can potentially influence their communication approach toward a more aggressive style or maintain passive and peaceful interaction. We conducted a study involving participants who were paired up for a collaborative assessment task, interacting via voice only, videoconference, or a visual representation of the physiological measurements. Participants perceived the usage of our visual representation with higher group cohesiveness than using voice-only interaction. Further analysis shows that the visual representation significantly increases the positive affect score (i.e., participants are perceived to be more alert and demonstrate less distress) during remote collaboration. We discuss the possibilities of the proposed visual representation to support empathic communication during remote collaboration, and the benefits to the remote partners of having positive affect and group cohesiveness.

Human-Robot Collaboration is increasingly considered in manufacturing to better combine the strengths of humans and robots. Establishing this human-robot collaboration may require multi-modal interaction; input to and output from the robot can both use multiple channels in sequence or in parallel. Designing effective interaction requires the expertise from different domains, possibly originating from people with different backgrounds. In our work we explore how composite events — hierarchical composition of events — can be used in a way that eases the communication within a multi-disciplinary team. In this paper, we present how the concept of composite events can be used to create different layers of abstraction that can be used to ease prototyping and discussion of human-robot collaboration with stakeholders through a supporting tool called Hasselt UIMS. At the lower level(s) of abstraction, the composite events can be mapped to the message-based communication as implemented in the Robotic Operating System (ROS), which is used to program collaborative robots, such as the Baxter robot from Rethink Robotics.

Although LEDs have been introduced successfully in many general lighting applications during the past decade, high brightness light source applications are still suffering from the limited luminance of LEDs. High power LEDs are generally limited in luminance to ca 100 Mnit (108 lm/m2sr) or less, while dedicated devices for projection may achieve luminance values up to ca 300 Mnit with phosphor converted green. In particular for high luminous flux applications with limited etendue, like in front projection systems, only very modest luminous flux values in the beam can be achieved with LEDs compared to systems based on discharge lamps. In this paper we introduce a light engine concept based on a light converter rod pumped with blue LEDs that breaks through the etendue and brightness limits of LEDs, enabling LED light source luminance values that are more than 4 times higher than what can be achieved with LEDs so far. In LED front projection systems, green LEDs are the main limiting factor. With our green light emitting modules, peak luminance values well above 1.2 Gnit have been achieved, enabling doubling of the screen brightness of LED based DLP projection systems, and even more when this technology is applied to other colors as well. This light source concept, introduced as the ColorSpark High Lumen Density (HLD) LED technology, enables a breakthrough in the performance of LED-based light engines not only for projection, where >2700 ANSI lm was demonstrated, but for a wide variety of high brightness applications.

Broadcasted television shows are becoming more interactive. Some broadcast TV shows allow even home viewers without professional equipment to be part of them. In this paper we present an approach that takes this concept even further. In the proposed kind of participation television viewers will not only participate in the show through interaction or video streams, but also be able to create and host their own show. The core of the presented approach consists of the use of high-level models to describe the different aspects of the television show, and a generic runtime environment. This paper discusses this type of participation television, Staged Participatory Multimedia Events, and the supporting runtime environment in more detail. It also introduces the tool and the models that are used to support graphical creation of the structure and appearance of Staged Participatory Multimedia Events.

Objectives: With the uprise of the Internet of Things, wearables and smartphones are moving to the foreground. Ambient Assisted Living solutions are, for example, created to facilitate ageing in place. One example of such systems are fall detection systems. Currently, there exists a wide variety of fall detection systems using different methodologies and technologies. However, these systems often do not take into account the fall handling process, which starts after a fall is identified or this process only consists of sending a notification. The FallRisk system delivers an accurate analysis of incidents occurring in the home of the older adults using several sensors and smart devices. Moreover, the input from these devices can be used to create a social-aware event handling process, which leads to assisting the older adult as soon as possible and in the best possible way. Methods: The FallRisk system consists of several components, located in different places. When an incident is identified by the FallRisk system, the event handling process will be followed to assess the fall incident and select the most appropriate caregiver, based on the input of the smartphones of the caregivers. In this process, availability and location are automatically taken into account. Results: The event handling process was evaluated during a decision tree workshop to verify if the current day practices reflect the requirements of all the stakeholders. Other knowledge, which is uncovered during this workshop can be taken into account to further improve the process. Conclusions: The FallRisk offers a way to detect fall incidents in an accurate way and uses context information to assign the incident to the most appropriate caregiver. This way, the consequences of the fall are minimized and help is at location as fast as possible. It could be concluded that the current guidelines on fall handling reflect the needs of the stakeholders. However, current technology evolutions, such as the uptake of wearables and smartphones, enables the improvement of these guidelines, such as the automatic ordering of the caregivers based on their location and availability. The iMinds FallRisk project is cofunded by iMinds (Interdisciplinary Institute for Technology), a research institute founded by the Flemish Government.

Implementing multimodal interactive systems with event-driven tools requires splitting the code across multiple event handlers, which greatly complicate programmers' work. To alleviate this complexity we propose to extend the capabilities of existing event-driven tools so that instead of detecting user events as if they were independent, they are able to detect sequences of semantically related events defined by programmers. Such extended capability can only be possible with notations for (1) defining event patterns, and for (2) binding these patterns with one or multiple event handlers, and (3) specifying human-machine dialogs. This paper presents Hasselt UIMS, a tool that supports the creation of multimodal interfaces with these notations.

Capturing knowledge from domain experts is important to effectively integrate novel technological support in existing care processes. In this paper, we present our experiences in using a specific type of workshop, which we identified as a decision-tree workshop, to determine the process and information exchange during the usage of a Personal Emergency Response System (PERS). We conducted the workshop with current and possible future users of a PERS system to investigate the potential of context- and social awareness for such a system. We discuss the workshop format as well as the results and reflection on this workshop.

The present paper describes an empirical user study intended to compare the programming efficiency of our proposed domain-specific language versus a mainstream event language when it comes to modify multimodal interactions. By concerted use of observations, interviews, and standardized questionnaires, we managed to measure the completion rates, completion time, code testing effort, and perceived difficulty of the programming tasks along with the perceived usability and perceived learnability of the tool supporting our proposed language. Based on this experience, we propose some guidelines for designing comparative user studies of programming languages. The paper also discusses the considerations we took into account when designing a multimodal interaction description language that intends to be well regarded by its users.

There is a growing demand for design support to create interactive systems that are deployed in ambient intelligent environments. Unlike traditional interactive systems, the wide diversity of situations these type of user interfaces need to work in require tool support that is close to the environment of the end-user on the one hand and provide a smooth integration with the application logic on the other hand. This paper shows how the model-based user interface development methodology can be applied for ambient intelligent environments; we propose a task-centered approach towards the design of interactive systems by means of appropriate visualizations and simulations of different models. Besides the use of these typical user interface models such as the task- and presentation-model to support interface design, we focus on user interfaces supporting situated task distributions and a visualization of context influences on deployed, possibly distributed, user interfaces. To enable this we introduce an environment model describing the device configuration at particular moment in time. To support the user interface designer while creating these complex interfaces for ambient intelligent environments, we discuss tool support using a visualization of the environment together with simulations of the user interface configurations. We also show how the concepts presented in the paper can be integrated within model-driven engineering, hereby narrowing the gap between HCI design and software engineering.

Part 2: Late Breaking Results; International audience; Current user interface modeling languages usually focus on modeling a single user interface and have a fixed set of user interface components; adding another user interface component requires an extension of the language.In this paper we present CASSIS, a concise language that supports creation of user interface components using models instead of language extensions. It also allows the specification of design-time and runtime user interface variations. The support for variations has been used to generate constraints for custom user interface components, to specify design patterns and design decisions. CASSIS has been used in several projects including a multi-disciplinary applied research project.

Context-aware computing is a paradigm for governing the numerous mobile devices surrounding us. In this computing paradigm, software applications continuously and dynamically adapt to different “contexts” implying different software configurations of such devices. Unfortunately, modelling a context-aware application (CAA) for all possible contexts is only feasible in the simplest of cases. Hence, tool support verifying certain properties is required. In this article, we introduce the CAA model, in which context adaptations are specified explicitly as model transformations. By mapping this model to graphs and graph transformations, we can exploit graph transformation techniques such as critical pair analysis to find contexts for which the resulting application model is ambiguous. We validate our approach by means of an example of a mobile city guide, demonstrating that we can identify subtle context interactions that might go unnoticed otherwise. FWO (grant number G. 0296.08); Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian State Belgian Science Policy; Ministere de la Communaute francaise-Direction generale de l'Enseignement non obligatoire et de la Recherche scientifique, Belgique

There are currently toolkits that allow the specification of executable multimodal human-machine interaction models. Some provide domain-specific visual languages with which a broad range of interactions can be modeled but at the expense of bulky diagrams. Others instead, interpret concise specifications written in existing textual languages even though their non-specialized notations prevent the productivity improvement achievable through domain-specific ones. We propose a domain-specific textual language and its supporting toolkit; they both overcome the shortcomings of the existing approaches while retaining their strengths. The language provides notations and constructs specially tailored to compactly declare the event patterns raised during the execution of multimodal commands. The toolkit detects the occurrence of these patterns and invokes the functionality of a back-end system in response.

The broadcasting sector is facing challenging years. With the exponential growth of media content whilst consumers expect a high quality service, it is getting progressively more challenging to offer a personalized media experience. Media companies are continuously exploring novel ways to target their viewers with such a service. In this context, it is crucial for a broadcaster to get a better understanding of the targeted audience. In this paper we highlight how empathy is an essential ingredient for future personalized and interactive services and how it brings the consumer experience to an unprecedented level. Knowing how people experience different kinds of content is strategic information for a broadcaster. (Re)acting on this information potentially delivers better content targeting, enrichment and adaptation. We present an overview of the state-of-the art and how it is being applied in broadcasting. We illustrate this with a concrete example case of an empathic product and discuss the importance of empathic products for broadcasters. Additionally, we present the initial results of our own research projects.

People with dementia face a decline of their cognitive functions, including memory impairment and difficulty to orient in time and space. Assistive applications can ease the effects of dementia by assuming and supporting impaired functions. Context-awareness is an accepted paradigm for assistive applications. It enables interactive systems to react appropriately to situations that occur during daily routines of people with dementia. However, there currently is no recommended framework to view symptoms of dementia in terms of context and context-awareness. The aim of this paper is to inform designers in the early design stages of assistive applications how requirements and needs of people with dementia can be represented in a context-aware application. Based on a systematic literature review, we elicit which context types are linked to the needs of people with dementia and their caregivers and how they are used in existing assistive applications in dementia care. Our focus is on applications evaluated and assessed with people with dementia. We also classify these assistive applications by the offered context-aware-services. We observe that these should not be limited within the realm of the local residence; context types that are valuable in-house can, to a certain extent, also be leveraged outside a local residence. We believe the proposed framework is a tool for application builders and interface designers to accomplish an informed design of systems for people with dementia.

Part 1: Long and Short Papers; International audience; In model-based user interface development, models at different levels of abstraction are used. While ideas may initially only be expressed in more abstract models, modifications and improvements according to user’s feedback will likely be made at the concrete level, which may lead to model inconsistencies that need to be fixed in every iteration. Transformations form the bridge between these models. Because one-to-one mappings between models cannot always be defined, these transformations are completely manual or they require manual post-treatment.We propose interactive but automatic transformations to address the mapping problem while still allowing designer’s creativity. To manage consistency and semantic correctness within and between models and therefore to foster iterative development processes, we are combining these with techniques to track decisions and modifications and techniques of intra- and inter-model validation. Our approach has been implemented for abstract and concrete user interface models using Eclipse-based frameworks for model-driven engineering. Our approach and tool support is illustrated by a case study.

Part 1: Long and Short Papers; International audience; Development of interactive systems and their user interfaces combines engineering and design, formal and informal development methods from different domains. Diverse models and tools can be used to support the developers’ work. In model-driven development, software systems are specified systematically using dedicated models for different aspects of the system. Yet, appropriate design of user interfaces is as important as functional correctness. This workshop provides a forum of multi-disciplinary discussion on how to integrate model-driven development with the often more informal methodologies used in user-centered design and engineering. Starting point of the discussion are the tools, models, methods and experiences of the workshop participants.

Following the success of the "Gang of four" design patterns for software engineering, the human-computer interaction community has used design patterns to document interaction design knowledge. PLML is a structured format to describe these patterns in XML. At least one actively used pattern library for interaction design adopted it to structure its knowledge. One feature that is defined in PLML and that is also an important part of the "Gang of four" patterns for software engineering is the diagram. In this paper, we propose to use CAP3, a graphical abstract user interface modeling language, to specify the diagram part of interaction design patterns. We show some examples of its usage and discuss benefits and drawbacks.

Despite the fact many proposals have been made for abstract user interface models it was not given a detailed context in which it should or could be used in a user-centered design process. This paper presents a clear role for the abstract user interface model in user-centered and model-based development, provides an overview of the stakeholders that may create and/or use abstract user interface models and presents a modular abstract user interface modeling language, CAP3, that makes relations with other models explicit and builds on the foundation of existing abstract user interface models. The proposed modeling notation is supported by a tool and applied to some case studies from literature and in some projects. It is also validated based on state-of-the-art knowledge on domain-specific modeling languages and visual notations and some case studies.

Model-driven development of user interfaces has become increasingly powerful in recent years. Unfortunately, model-driven approaches have the inherent limitation that they cannot handle the informal nature of some of the artifacts used in truly multidisciplinary user interface development such as storyboards, sketches, scenarios and personas. In this chapter, we present an approach and tool support for multidisciplinary user interface development bridging informal and formal artifacts in the design and development process. Key features of the approach are the usage of annotated storyboards, which can be connected to other models through an underlying meta-model, and cross-toolkit design support based on an abstract user interface model.

Prototypes are often used to clarify and evaluate design alternatives for a graphical user interface. They help stakeholders to decide on different aspects by making them visible and concrete. This is a highly iterative process in which the prototypes evolve into a design artifact that is close enough to the envisioned result to be implemented. People with different roles are involved in prototyping. Our claim is that integrated or inter-operable tools help design information propagate among people while prototyping and making the transition more accurately into the software development phase. We make a first step towards such a solution by offering a framework, GRIP, in which such a tool should fit. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of the framework by using it to classify existing tools for prototyping and implementing a limited prototyping tool, GRIP-it, which can be integrated into the overall process.

Quality of Experience (QoE) has recently gained recognition for being an important determinant of the success of new technologies. Despite the growing interest in QoE, research into this area is still fragmented. Similar - but separate - efforts are being carried out in technical as well as user oriented research domains, which are rarely communicating with each other. In this paper, we take a multidisciplinary approach and review both user oriented and technical definitions on Quality of Experience (including the related concept of User Experience). We propose a detailed and comprehensive framework that integrates both perspectives. Finally, we take a first step at linking methods for measuring QoE with this framework. ispartof: pages:158-163 ispartof: Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), 2010 Second International Workshop on pages:158-163 ispartof: Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), 2010 Second International Workshop on location:Trondheim, Norway date:21 Jun - 23 Jun 2010 status: published

User Interfaces is a forum of multidisciplinary discussion on how to integrate model-driven development with the more informal methods of user-centered design and development of user interfaces. Starting point of the discussion were the tools, models, methods and experiences of the workshop participants. This report presents the overall aims of the workshop and presents the results of the discussion groups.

International audience; In Western society, the elderly represent a rapidly growing demographic group. For this group, dementia has become an important cause of dependencies on others and causes difficulties with independent living. Typical symptoms of the dementia syndrome are decreased location awareness and difficulties in situating ones activities in time, thus hindering long term plans and activities. We present our approach in creating an interactive system tailored for the needs of the early phases of the dementia syndrome. Given the increasing literacy with mobile technologies in this group, we propose an approach that exploits mobile technology in combination with the physical and social context to support prolonged independent living. Our system strengthens the involvement of caregivers through the patient's social network. We show that applications for people suffering from dementia can be created by explicitly taking into account context in the design process. Context dependencies that are defined in an early stage in the development process are propagated as part of the runtime behavior of the interactive system.

ICT tools and working methods are important to effectively work together in cross-organizational, multi-disciplinary projects. At the moment, there is no or very limited support to enable sharing knowledge about which ICT tools to use for collaboration and how to use them. In this paper we propose CoFra, a collaboration framework that facilitates stakeholders to share knowledge about ICT tools and work practices to improve the collaboration in dispersed multi-disciplinary teams. CoFra supports two main mechanisms: collaboration variables identifying characteristics of ICT tools and workflow to express best practices. Two prototype applications were created based upon the framework. A first user evaluation of these prototype applications shows that (1) the defined collaboration variables used are relevant and useful in the selection of ICT tool support and (2) that workflow depiction can improve knowledge sharing practices over traditional wiki usage.

Many industrial applications have large and complex interfaces that grow incrementally over time. Typically, these interfaces will be used by people with different user profiles. The combination of these facts demands a software methodology and tool support that ideally allow consistency checks and configuration in order to avoid a system to become unusable. In this paper, we present an approach in which task models are used throughout the design and development cycle up to the final application. The task model is not only used at design time, but is also used to check for potential problems with e.g. consistency during configuration of the final application.

Model Driven Development (MDD) is an important para-digm in Software Engineering. In MDD, applications are specified systematically using abstract, platform independent models. The models are then transformed into executable code for different platforms and target devices. Model-driven techniques become ever more prominent in any kind of application, such as multimedia and Web, ubiquitous and automotive applications.

In this paper we introduce MuiCSer, a conceptual process framework for Multi-disciplinary User-centred Software Engineering (UCSE) processes. UCSE processes strive for the combination of basic principles and practices from software engineering and user-centred design approaches in order to increase the overall user experience with the resulting product. The MuiCSer framework aims to provide a common understanding of important components and associated activities of UCSE processes. As such, the conceptual framework acts as a frame of reference for future research regarding various aspects and concepts related to this kind of processes, including models, development artefacts and tools. We present the MuiCSer process framework and illustrate its instantiation in customized processes for the (re)design of a system. The conceptual framework has been helpful to investigate the role of members of a multi-disciplinary team when realizing artefacts in a model-based approach. In particular process coverage of existing artefact transformation tools has been studied.

The workshop Model Driven Development of Advanced User Interfaces (MDDAUI) aims at integrating results from the area of human-computer interaction and user interface modeling with the concepts of model-driven engineering. This paper provides a summary on the third edition of MDDAUI held as part of the MoDELS 2007 conference in Nashville, USA. In particular, it presents the results of the two group discussions of the workshop.

Many model-based approaches for user interface design start from a task model, for which the ConcurTaskTrees notation is frequently used. Despite this popularity and the importance that has been given to a close relation with UML, no relation has been established with UML state machines, which have been shown to be useful for the description of the behavior of user interfaces. This paper proposes a semantic mapping of tasks and all temporal relations of the ConcurTaskTrees to UML state machines which forms the basis for a compact dialog modeling notation using UML state machines. The proposed approach uses a UML profile to reduce the visual complexity of the state machine.

The industry nowadays is showing an increasing interest towards an extended interactive television experience, called participation television. This increasing interactivity brings the creation of such television events closer to the creation of regular software as we know it for personal computers and mobile devices. In this paper we report on our work in model-driven development of one kind of such interactive television shows, staged participatory multimedia events. More specifically, this work reports on the domain-specific language we created to model these events and the generation of abstract prototypes. These interactive prototypes are built using web-languages and can be used to perform early evaluation.

With the shift of networked software applications away from the desktop computers and into home appliances comes the challenge of finding new ways to model this type of software. The most important home appliance that has new found computing capabilities is the television set. Through television people can now be participants instead of viewers, and use interactive software to enter the participative stage. Staged participatory multimedia events are a subset of this kind of interactive software that have a predefined temporal structure that lets television viewers and mobile users become participants in a distributed multimedia event. In this paper, we introduce an interaction model that is part of modelling language for staged participatory multimedia events. We show how the language can be mapped on UML constructs and shortly discuss related work using a common example.

In this article we investigated whether a company9s recommendation factor can be increased by opt-in e-zines. A sample of 817 railway travelers was interviewed on the train. Using Reichheld9s (2001) recommendation index, respondents were categorized as brand detractors, passively satisfied customers, or brand promoters. Respondents giving permission ( n = 555) received either none or three e-zines in a period of six weeks. Post-measurement results ( n = 221) showed that the proportion of detractors was significantly lower among respondents who received the newsletters compared to those who received no e-zines. Personalization to the receivers9 lifestyle, however, had a negative effect on recommendation. We conclude with managerial implications and suggestions for future research.

The Unified Modeling Language is mainly being used to communicate about the design of a software system. In recent years, the language is increasingly being used to specify models that can be used for partial code generation. These efforts are mainly focussed on the generation of the application structure. It has been used to a lesser extend to model the interaction with the user and the user interface. In this paper, we introduce CUP 2.0, a Unified Modeling Language profile for high-level modeling of context-sensitive interactive applications. The profile was created to ease communication about the design of these applications between human-computer interaction specialists and software engineers. We further argue that the data provided by the models, suffices to (semi-) automatically create interactive low-fidelity prototypes that can be used for evaluation.

This paper reports about the workshop Model Driven Development of Advanced User Interfaces (MDDAUI) which was held on October 2nd, 2005 at the MoDELS/UML 2005 conference in Montego Bay, Jamaica. We introduce the topic of the workshop and give an overview about the workshop's structure. Then we summarize the accepted contributions and finally we provide an overview about the workshop discussion and its results. It is intended to provide a follow-up event of this workshop in the next year.

The construction of software systems is becoming increasingly complex because of the changing environments the software is supposed to function in. Taking into account the context of use, how the system reacts and anticipates changes in its working environment, is important for a wide range of applications, such as mobile services for example, Model-driven design is already widely accepted as a software engineering methodology to cope with these new type of requirements. This approach is known both in software engineering (e.g. model-driven architecture) as in the design of user interfaces (model-based user interface development), but although they target the same deficiencies from traditional approaches, there is still a gap between both. New modeling elements are necessary that allow the designer to make both context of use and user interactions explicit in the design phase and to create context-sensitive software that will be more robust and usable. We extend the UML 2.0 notation to address the aforementioned issues and present extensions to support the modeling of context-sensitive interactive applications. These extensions are defined in a new UML profile that can easily be used in existing modeling environments.

Model-based design of user interfaces can be a viable alternative for other user interface specifications especially in the case of multi-platform and even more so in the case of context-sensitive interactive applications. In this paper we look at several notations used in model-based design methodologies and analyze them according to requirements we determined for the notations. In order to get an overview of how well different approaches are able to support the design context-sensitive interactive applications, we determine a set of models that are relevant for this type of applications and organize them visually in such a way that the level of support for different models and the relations between them could be shown adequately. Several notations used for model-based design of user interface or interactive systems were evaluated using these criteria. The resulting information was used to determine areas where work is needed to design better notations for the involved.