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118 results on '"Jacques Vigué"'

1. Solving the CH4− Riddle: The Fundamental Role of Spin to Explain Metastable Anionic Methane

Author: Guillermo Hinojosa, Jacques Vigué, Alejandro Ramírez-Solís, and Humberto Saint-Martin
Subjects: Physics, Spin states, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Excimer, 01 natural sciences, Methane, Dissociation (chemistry), Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, chemistry, Metastability, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Ground state
Abstract: Several types of experiments showed the existence of negative methane ions CH_{4}^{-} over a period of 50 years but the nature of this elusive species remains unknown. A benchmark study has shown that the experimentally observed species cannot be described by the attachment of an electron in the doublet ground state of CH_{4}^{-}. Here we find CH_{4}^{-} as being a metastable species in its lowest quartet spin state, a CH_{2}^{-}:H_{2} exciplex with three open shells lying ca. 10 eV above the methane singlet ground state but slightly below the dissociation fragments. The formation of charged high-spin exciplexes is a novel mechanism to explain small molecular anions with implications in a plethora of basic and applied research fields.
Published: 2020
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2. A pendulum with a broken cylindrical symmetry: normal modes and beats

Author: Gilles Dolfo, Jacques Vigué, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CLASS-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Classical Physics [physics.class-ph], Classical mechanics, Normal mode, 0103 physical sciences, Pendulum, General Physics and Astronomy, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Symmetry (physics)
Abstract: A pendulum, which has the cylindrical symmetry around its suspension wire, has two degenerate normal modes. We break this symmetry by putting a small magnet in the pendulum body and by running the pendulum in the presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The force due to the magnetic field gradient modifies the equilibrium position and the spatial derivatives of this force define the normal modes of the pendulum with two different oscillation frequencies. We describe this system theoretically and we test these results by a series of experiments. This system provides a classical analogue of the degenerate perturbation theory in quantum mechanics.
Published: 2021
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3. Some comments on the historical paper by H. Schmidt-Böcking 'The Stern-Gerlach experiment re-examined by an experimenter' (EPN 50/3 pp. 15-19)

Author: Jacques Vigué, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Stern–Gerlach experiment, Philosophy, General Physics and Astronomy, Art history, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019
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4. Solving the CH_{4}^{-} Riddle: The Fundamental Role of Spin to Explain Metastable Anionic Methane

Author: Alejandro, Ramírez-Solís, Jacques, Vigué, Guillermo, Hinojosa, and Humberto, Saint-Martin
Abstract: Several types of experiments showed the existence of negative methane ions CH_{4}^{-} over a period of 50 years but the nature of this elusive species remains unknown. A benchmark study has shown that the experimentally observed species cannot be described by the attachment of an electron in the doublet ground state of CH_{4}^{-}. Here we find CH_{4}^{-} as being a metastable species in its lowest quartet spin state, a CH_{2}^{-}:H_{2} exciplex with three open shells lying ca. 10 eV above the methane singlet ground state but slightly below the dissociation fragments. The formation of charged high-spin exciplexes is a novel mechanism to explain small molecular anions with implications in a plethora of basic and applied research fields.
Published: 2019

5. Damping of coupled harmonic oscillators

Author: Gilles Dolfo, Jacques Vigué, Interactions Ions-Matière (LCAR) (I²M), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Exceptional point, Energy transfer, Physics::Physics Education, General Physics and Astronomy, Resonance, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Coupling (physics), Classical mechanics, Graduate students, 0103 physical sciences, Relative magnitude, 010306 general physics, Harmonic oscillator, Energy (signal processing), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: When two harmonic oscillators are coupled in the presence of damping, their dynamics exhibit two very different regimes depending on the relative magnitude of the coupling and damping terms At resonance, when the coupling has its largest effect, if the coupling dominates the damping, there is a periodic exchange of energy between the two oscillators while, in the opposite case, the energy transfer from one oscillator to the other one is irreversible. We prove that the border between these two regimes goes through an exceptional point and we briefly explain what is an exceptional point. The present paper is written for undergraduate students, with some knowledge in classical mechanics, but it may also be of interest for graduate students.
Published: 2018
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6. Phase modulation of atom waves: theory and experiment using the atom optics analogue of the Kerr effect

Author: A. Gauguet, Matthias Büchner, Jonathan Gillot, Boris Decamps, Jacques Vigué, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse)
Subjects: Physics, Atom interferometer, Kerr effect, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], business.industry, Semiclassical physics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, symbols.namesake, Interferometry, Optics, Stark effect, Harmonics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Frequency modulation, Phase modulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We have produced a phase modulation of a matter wave by applying a time-dependent perturbation. In the present study, the perturbation is the Stark effect produced by an electric field and, as this effect is quadratic in the applied field, this is the atom optics equivalent of the Kerr effect. In the present paper, we first develop an exact theory of phase modulation and we find results in agreement with a semiclassical calculation assuming a localized wavepacket. We then describe briefly our experimental setup which uses an atom interferometer to detect the phase modulations produced on its two arms which are spatially separated. The interferometer signal exhibits periodic oscillations, at the frequency of the modulation and its harmonics, when the same modulation frequency is applied on the two arms, and at the difference frequency and its harmonics when two different frequencies are used. All the experimental results are in very good agreement with theory.
Published: 2017
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7. Pancharatnam phase: A tool for atom optics

Author: A. Gauguet, Boris Decamps, Matthias Büchner, Jacques Vigué, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: Physics, Diffraction, Atom interferometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Phase (waves), 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Standing wave, Geometric phase, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Atom optics, Astronomical interferometer, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The Pancharatnam phase belongs to the family of geometric Berry phases. We use this optical phase to control the phase of our atom interferometer, which involves diffraction of the atom wave by laser standing waves in the Bragg regime. The Pancharatnam phase of the reflected beam of one standing wave controls the phase imprinted on the atom wave by the diffraction process. In addition to the expected phase shift, the experimental data exhibits the signature of several defects which are described and quantified. From this analysis, we estimate that a Pancharatnam phase shifter can be reliably used to control the phase of an atom interferometer in the sub-mrad regime. Moreover, as the geometric nature of the Pancharatnam phase renders this phase achromatic, its use in multispecies atom interferometers may be of great interest.
Published: 2017
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8. Damping mechanisms of a pendulum

Author: Daniel Castex, Gilles Dolfo, Jacques Vigué, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Double pendulum, Oscillation, 05 social sciences, Pendulum, Spring pendulum, Physics::Physics Education, 050301 education, General Physics and Astronomy, Reynolds number, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Classical mechanics, Drag, 0103 physical sciences, Magnetic damping, symbols, Kapitza's pendulum, 010306 general physics, 0503 education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: In this paper, we study the damping mechanisms of a pendulum. The originality of our setup is the use of a metal strip suspension and the development of extremely sensitive electric measurements of the pendulum velocity and position. Their sensitivity is absolutely necessary for a reliable measurement of the pendulum damping time constant because this measurement is possible only for very low oscillation amplitudes, when air friction forces quadratic in velocity have a negligible contribution to the observed damping. We have thus carefully studied damping by air friction forces, which is the dominant mechanism for large values of the Reynolds number Re but which is negligible in the Stokes regime, . In this last case, we have found that the dominant damping is due to internal friction in the metal strip, a universal effect called anelasticity, and, for certain frequencies, to resonant coupling to the support of the pendulum. All our measurements are well explained by theory. We believe this paper would be of interest to students in an undergraduate classical mechanics course.
Published: 2016
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9. Observation of Atom-Wave Beats Using a Kerr Modulator for Atom Waves

Author: Boris Decamps, Matthias Büchner, Jonathan Gillot, Jacques Vigué, A. Gauguet, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), ANR-11-BS04-0016,HIPATI,INTERFEROMETRIE ATOMIQUE DE HAUTE PRECISION(2011), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Atom interferometer, 03.65.Vf, 03.75.Dg, 37.25.+k, Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Interference (wave propagation), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Interferometry, Superposition principle, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Phase modulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; A phase modulation puts the atom in a coherent superposition of quantum states with different kinetic energies. We have detected the interference of such modulated waves at the output of our atom interferometer, and we have observed beats at the difference of the modulation frequencies and its harmonics, in good agreement with theory. The phase modulations were produced by a Kerr phase modulator, i.e., by the propagation of the atom wave in a time-dependent electric field. An extension of this technique to electron interferometry should open the way to very high temporal resolution in electron microscopy.
Published: 2016
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10. A more accurate theory of a flexible-beam pendulum

Author: Gilles Dolfo, Jacques Vigué, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Double pendulum, Pendulum, General Physics and Astronomy, Modulus, Elasticity (physics), 01 natural sciences, Furuta pendulum, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Inverted pendulum, Classical mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Kapitza's pendulum, Complete theory, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: A pendulum suspended by a flexible beam made of a thin metal strip is commonly used in clocks. However, the usual theory describing its motion is approximate and incomplete. We first recall that simple theory and we then present a more complete theory, which describes the shape of the flexible beam by elasticity theory. We find that the pendulum has two resonant frequencies, corresponding to different shapes of the flexible beam and different motions of the pendulum. The dynamical effects of the flexible beam are directly related to its dimensions and its Young's modulus.
Published: 2015
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11. Lithium atom interferometry

Author: Alain Miffre, Jacques Vigué, Marion Jacquey, G. Trénec, and Matthias Büchner
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Atom interferometer, business.industry, Chemistry, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Bragg's law, chemistry.chemical_element, Mach–Zehnder interferometer, Laser, law.invention, Standing wave, Interferometry, Optics, law, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Lithium, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, business, Lithium atom
Abstract: We have built an atom interferometer of the Mach Zehnder type. The atomic wave (λ dB = 54 pm) is a supersonic beam of lithium seeded in argon. The realization of mirrors and beams splitters for the atomic wave relies on elastic Bragg diffraction on laser standing waves at A = 671 nm. We first present our experimental setup and signals with atomic fringes which exhibit a very high visibility, up to 84.5 ± 1%, and a very large phase sensitivity. This phase sensitivity is then used to perform an absolute measurement of the lithium atom electric polarizability by applying an electric field on only one atomic beam in the interferometer. Our result, a = (24.33 ± 0.16) x 10 -30 m 3 , reduces by a factor three the uncertainty of the best previous measurement.
Published: 2006
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12. Interplay between Theoretical Quantum Chemistry and Cold Atom Experiments

Author: Jacques Vigué and Michèle Leduc
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Helium atom, Chemistry, 1s Slater-type function, Quantum chemistry, Interpretation (model theory), chemistry.chemical_compound, Ultracold atom, Chemical physics, Metastability, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics
Abstract: In this paper, we briefly summarize the new information which have been deduced on the atom–atom interaction from cold atom experiments. These information are quite unusual and very interesting. Their interpretation is considerably simplified if high quality quantum chemistry calculations are available. After an overview of the domain, we discuss in detail the experiments performed with metastable helium atom, thus showing the variety of new data obtained in this case and the importance of quantum chemistry calculations for their interpretation.
Published: 2006
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13. Atom interferometry measurement of the electric polarizability of lithium

Author: Gérard Trénec, Jacques Vigué, Matthias Büchner, Marion Jacquey, Alain Miffre, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Atom interferometer, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic units, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Polarizability, Electric field, accurate measurement, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics::Atomic Physics, Sensitivity (control systems), electric polarizability, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Quantum Physics, experiment, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Delta-v (physics), Interferometry, PACS: 32.10.Dk, 03.75.Dg, 32.60.+i, 39.20.+q, chemistry, lithium, atom interferometry, Lithium, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: Using an atom interferometer, we have measured the static electric polarizability of $^7$Li $\alpha =(24.33 \pm 0.16)\times10^{-30} $ m$^3$ $= 164.19\pm 1.08 $ atomic units with a 0.66% uncertainty. Our experiment, which is similar to an experiment done on sodium in 1995 by D. Pritchard and co-workers, consists in applying an electric field on one of the two interfering beams and measuring the resulting phase-shift. With respect to D. Pritchard's experiment, we have made several improvements which are described in detail in this paper: the capacitor design is such that the electric field can be calculated analytically; the phase sensitivity of our interferometer is substantially better, near 16 mrad/$\sqrt{Hz}$; finally our interferometer is species selective it so that impurities present in our atomic beam (other alkali atoms or lithium dimers) do not perturb our measurement. The extreme sensitivity of atom interferometry is well illustrated by our experiment: our measurement amounts to measuring a slight increase $\Delta v$ of the atom velocity $v$ when it enters the electric field region and our present sensitivity is sufficient to detect a variation $\Delta v/v \approx 6 \times 10^{-13}$., Comment: 14 pages
Published: 2006
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14. The three-grating Mach Zehnder optical interferometer: a tutorial approach using particle optics

Author: Alain Miffre, R. Delhuille, B. Viaris de Lesegno, Matthias Büchner, Carlo Rizzo, and Jacques Vigué
Subjects: Physics, Interferometric visibility, business.industry, Intensity interferometer, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Grating, Mach–Zehnder interferometer, Physical optics, Interferometry, Optics, Astronomical interferometer, business, Refractive index
Abstract: In this paper, we present a tutorial set-up based on an optical three-grating Mach–Zehnder interferometer. As this apparatus is very similar in its principle to the Mach–Zehnder interferometers used with matter waves (neutrons, atoms and molecules), it can be used to familiarize students with particle optics, and in our explanations, we use the complementary points of view of wave optics and particle optics. Finally, we have used this interferometer to measure the index of refraction of BK7 glass for red light at 633 nm, with a technique equivalent to the one used to measure the index of refraction of solid matter for thermal neutrons. The dimensions of this interferometer and its cost make it very interesting for laboratory courses and the experiment described here can be reproduced by students.
Published: 2002
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15. High-contrast Mach–Zehnder lithium-atom interferometer in the Bragg regime

Author: Caroline Champenois, Jacques Vigué, Matthias Büchner, Carlo Rizzo, Gérard Trénec, R. Delhuille, and L. Jozefowski
Subjects: Diffraction, Atom interferometer, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Mach–Zehnder interferometer, Physics - Atomic Physics, law.invention, Optics, law, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Astronomical interferometer, Physics::Atomic Physics, Lithium atom, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics, business.industry, General Engineering, Bragg's law, Laser, Interferometry, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), business
Abstract: We have constructed an atom interferometer of the Mach-Zehnder type, operating with a supersonic beam of lithium. Atom diffraction uses Bragg diffraction on laser standing waves. With first order diffraction, our apparatus has given a large signal and a very good fringe contrast (74%), which we believe to be the highest ever observed with atom interferometers. This apparatus will be applied to high sensitivity measurements, 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Appl. Phys. B
Published: 2002
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16. Molecular dynamics simulation of the I2(X)⋯Ar isomers population in a free-jet expansion: Thermodynamics versus kinetic control

Author: Nadine Halberstadt, Adolfo Bastida, José Zúñiga, Jacques Vigué, Beatriz Miguel, Alberto Requena, and J. Alberto Beswick
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Argon, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Population, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Thermodynamics, Dissociation (chemistry), symbols.namesake, Molecular dynamics, chemistry, symbols, Supersonic speed, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, van der Waals force, education, Isomerization
Abstract: A molecular dynamics simulation addressing the problem of thermodynamic versus kinetic control of the isomers population of van der Waals complexes in a supersonic expansion is presented. The populations of the linear and T-shaped isomers of I2(X)⋯Ar in a supersonic beam expansion were determined by molecular dynamics simulation as a function of the distance to the nozzle and compared to the prediction of thermodynamics. The surprising conclusion is that although there is a barrier equal to half the well depth between the two isomers, their populations are consistent with the existence of thermodynamic equilibrium. This result is rationalized by examining the cooling mechanisms in the Ar+I2(X)⋯Ar collisions. In addition to the direct isomerization, a new mechanism (swap cooling), which induces isomerization even for complexes with barriers above the dissociation limit, is evidenced.
Published: 2002
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17. Measurement of the Aharonov-Casher geometric phase with a separated-arm atom interferometer

Author: Jonathan Gillot, Matthias Büchner, Steven Lepoutre, A. Gauguet, Jacques Vigué, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Atom interferometer, PACS: 03.75.Dg, 03.65.Vf, 37.25.+k, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, geometric phases, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Physics - Atomic Physics, Interferometry, Geometric phase, Astronomical interferometer, atom interferometry, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Magnetic dipole, Lithium atom, Neutron interferometer
Abstract: In this letter, we report a measurement of the Aharonov-Casher (AC) geometric phase with our lithium atom interferometer. The AC phase appears when a particle carrying a magnetic dipole propagates in a transverse electric field. The first measurement of the AC phase was done with a neutron interferometer in 1989 by A. Cimmino \textit{et al.} (Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{63}, 380, 1989) and all the following experiments were done with Ramsey or Ramsey-Bord\'e interferometers with molecules or atoms. In our experiment, we use lithium atoms pumped in a single hyperfine-Zeeman sublevel and we measure the AC-phase by applying opposite electric fields on the two interferometer arms. Our measurements are in good agreement with the expected theoretical values and they prove that this phase is independent of the atom velocity., Comment: 6 pages
Published: 2014
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18. Some theoretical and experimental aspects of three-grating Mach–Zehnder atom interferometers

Author: Cécile Robilliard, R. Delhuille, Alain Miffre, Caroline Champenois, Renaud Mathevet, Matthias Büchner, L. Jozefowski, Jacques Vigué, Carlo Rizzo, Th. Lahaye, and G. Trénec
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy
Published: 2001
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19. Atomic diffraction by a laser standing wave: Analysis using Bloch states

Author: Jacques Vigué, Cécile Robilliard, R. Delhuille, Caroline Champenois, Matthias Büchner, Carlo Rizzo, and Renaud Mathevet
Subjects: Physics, Diffraction, Optical physics, Physics::Optics, Bragg's law, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Standing wave, Amplitude, law, Quantum mechanics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Matter wave, Beam splitter
Abstract: Atomic diffraction by a laser stationary wave is commonly used to build mirrors and beam splitters for atomic interferometers. Many aspects of this diffraction process are well understood but it is difficult to get an unified view of this process because it is commonly described in several approximate ways. We want to show here that a description inspired by optics and using the exact Bloch description of the atomic wave inside the laser standing wave is a tutorial way of describing the various regimes by a single formalism. In order to get simple analytic expressions of the diffraction amplitudes, we consider a standing wave intensity with a flat transverse profile. The resulting general expression of the diffraction intensities is then compared to available analytical formulae in the Raman-Nath limit and in the Bragg regime. We think that this formalism can be fruitfully extended to study many important questions.
Published: 2001
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20. Crossed-beam studies of some chemiluminescent reactions producing IF

Author: Driss Khalil, Jacques Vigué, N. Billy, and Gérard Gouédard
Subjects: Chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy, Kinetic energy, Chemical reaction, Spectral line, law.invention, Crossed molecular beam, law, Excited state, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Molecular beam, Chemiluminescence
Abstract: This paper describes the study of the chemiluminescent branch of the reactive collisions of molecular fluorine F2 with a series of iodides, HI, CF3I, CH3I, CH2I2 and CHI3. All these reactions can produce IF in its A and B excited states, but in crossed molecular beam conditions, only the B state can contribute to the observed chemiluminescence signals. These signals have been studied as a function of the reactant densities and of the collision kinetic energy, providing in particular estimates of the reaction thresholds. The spectrum of the F2+HI chemiluminescence has been recorded and analyzed in terms of the IF B state rovibrational distribution. To explain our observations, we have extended a model, previously developed by C. C. Kahler and Y. T. Lee for the I2+F2 chemiluminescent reaction, by introducing a migratory step.
Published: 2000
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21. Evidence for $\mathsf{N^{1/3}}$ dependence of the sticking cross-section of atoms on small and medium-size van der Waals clusters

Author: Florent Calvo, Jacques Vigué, and P. Labastie
Subjects: Physics, symbols.namesake, Monte Carlo method, Atom, Condensation, symbols, Optical physics, Exponent, Cluster (physics), van der Waals force, Atomic physics, Scaling, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: This paper introduces a simple model describing the cluster growth in supersonic expansions. The predicted terminal mean cluster size is compared to the available data in the case of argon. The agreement between the model and the experimental results requires that the cross-section describing the sticking of an atom on a cluster of size N scales like N α with α in the range 0.34–0.44, well below the α = 2/3 predicted by the simplest geometrical scaling argument. We explain this unexpected result in two steps. First, using Monte Carlo simulations, we check that the potential between an atom and a cluster is accurately represented by the Gspann and Vollmar potential, even at finite temperature. Then, using Langevin’s approximation, we show that the sticking cross-section scales like N 1/3 for small to moderate N values and switches to the geometric scaling N 2/3 for very large N values. The crossover between these two scalings occurs when N ≈ 103 for argon, but the mean exponent α over the size range 1–104 is 0.46. This N scaling of the sticking cross-section should play an important role whenever condensation is important as it modifies the kinetics of the early stages.
Published: 2000
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22. Quasirelativistic transition moment calculations using the multipartitioning perturbation theory: B0+(3Π)→X0+(1Σ+) transitions in IF and ICl

Author: Christian Teichteil, Jacques Vigué, Andréi Zaitsevskii, and G. Bazalgette
Subjects: Absorption spectroscopy, Chemistry, Quantum mechanics, Transition dipole moment, Ab initio, General Physics and Astronomy, Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Perturbation theory, Atomic physics, Relativistic quantum chemistry, Molecular electronic transition
Abstract: A simple method of ab initio quasirelativistic calculations on electronic transition moments in molecules is presented. The description of relativistic effects through effective core potentials is combined with the use of the second-order many-body multipartitioning perturbation theory for correlation treatment. Transition moment estimates are obtained by the finite-field technique. Pilot applications to the B0 + ( 3 Π )→X0 + ( 1 Σ + ) transitions in IF and ICl are reported and the results are compared to experimental data. A new fit of the observed visible absorption spectra of ICl gives results in excellent agreement with our ab initio results.
Published: 1999
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23. Saturation spectroscopy of the A-X transition of the ICl molecule

Author: G. Bazalgette, C. Champenois, Jacques Vigué, Matthias Büchner, and Gérard Trénec
Subjects: Materials science, Excited state, Optical physics, Molecule, Plasma, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Laser-induced fluorescence, Saturation (chemistry), Hyperfine structure, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: We describe the first saturation spectroscopy experiment concerning the A-X transition of ICl with considerably better resolution than previous works. Form our data, improved constants for the hyperfine structure of the excited state are determined. The A-X transition of ICl could be used to develop a set of secondary frequency standards and its metrologic qualities are discussed.
Published: 1999
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24. Fringe contrast in three grating Mach-Zehnder atomic interferometers

Author: Caroline Champenois, Jacques Vigué, and Matthias Büchner
Subjects: Diffraction, Physics, Atom interferometer, Optics, business.industry, Computation, Astronomical interferometer, Grating, Mach–Zehnder interferometer, business, Diffraction grating, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Fresnel diffraction
Abstract: Several three-grating Mach-Zehnder atomic interferometers have been built and operated in recent years but no general theory of the contrast of the fringes produced by these apparatus is available. The purpose of this paper is to develop this theory, based on the Fresnel-Kirchoff approximate treatment of diffraction. Such a theory has been developed by Turchette et al. [JOSA B 9, 1601 (1992)] but because the necessary multiple integrals were evaluated in a purely numerical way, this treatment was not fully general. We show here how to reduce the computation by analytic means and we are thus able to calculate the contrast with a modest numerical effort. Moreover, we get a simple insight of the contrast reduction related to several defects of a real apparatus. We apply our calculations to existing interferometers as well as to an apparatus working with lithium which is under construction in our laboratory.
Published: 1999
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25. Measurement of the refraction index for atom waves

Author: Marion Jacquey, G. Trénec, Matthias Büchner, and Jacques Vigué
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Diffraction, Physics, Atom interferometer, business.industry, Phase (waves), Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, X-ray optics, Interference (wave propagation), Standing wave, Optics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, business, Refractive index, Lithium atom
Abstract: We have developed a Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer which uses elastic diffraction of lithium atom on laser standing waves for the coherent manipulation of the atom wave. The interference signal is of sufficient quality to achieve a phase sensitivity near 10 milliradians/√Hz. With this apparatus, we have recently measured the index of refraction of several gases for lithium waves. The interference signals give access to the real and imaginary parts of (n - 1) and we have tested the linear dependence of these two quantities with gas density. The measured values of (n-1) are in good agreement with calculations and they exhibit glory oscillations, as predicted by theory.
Published: 2007
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26. Quantization of the highest levels in a molecular potential

Author: Jacques Vigué, E. Audouard, and C. Boisseau
Subjects: Physics, Quantization (physics), Position (vector), Quantum mechanics, Binding energy, Continuum (design consultancy), Bound state, General Physics and Astronomy, Probability distribution, Quantum, Image (mathematics)
Abstract: The position of the highest level in a molecular potential is not well described by the usual JWKB quantization formula. This is due to an effect which is the mirror image for bound states of the quantum threshold behaviour for the continuum states. This new effect is described in the present letter and some consequences are briefly discussed. In particular, we discuss the probability distribution of the binding energy of the highest vibrational level and show that its shape is strongly modified.
Published: 1998
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27. Spectroscopy of pendular states: Determination of the electric dipole moment of ICl in the X 1Σ+(v″=0) and A 3Π1(v′=6–29) levels

Author: Jean-Christophe Loison, A. Durand, and Jacques Vigué
Subjects: Dipole, Bond dipole moment, Electric dipole moment, Chemistry, Avoided crossing, Transition dipole moment, Ab initio, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Electric dipole transition, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy
Abstract: In this paper, we describe new measurements of the electric dipole moment of ICl A and X states. These measurements are deduced from a Doppler free laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy of the A-X transition and concern the X v′′=0 and 17 vibrational levels of the A state. A complete modelization of the spectra has been developed and the accuracy of these measurements is rather high. We have been able to invert in an approximate manner the vibrational dependence of the A state dipole moment to get its dependence with the internuclear distance r. The observed dependence at large r is well rationalized by the model of an ionic–covalent avoided crossing, and appears to be very close to the result of an ab initio calculation of the same state of IF molecule.
Published: 1997
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28. Optical pumping of a lithium atomic beam for atom interferometry

Author: Jonathan Gillot, Jacques Vigué, Matthias Büchner, A. Gauguet, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atom interferometer, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Dephasing, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics - Atomic Physics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optical pumping, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, education, optical pumping, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, education.field_of_study, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], 03.75.Dg, 37.25.+k, 32.80.Xx, 37.10.Vz, 37.20.+j, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Interferometry, Dark state, atom interferometry, Atomic physics
Abstract: International audience; We apply optical pumping to prepare the lithium beam of our atom interferometer in a single hyperfine-Zeeman sublevel: we use two components of the D1-line for pumping the 7Li atoms in a dark state F,mF=+2 (or -2) sublevel. The optical pumping efficiency has been characterized by two techniques: state-selective laser atom deflection or magnetic dephasing of the atom interferometer signals. The first technique has not achieved a high sensitivity, because of a limited signal to noise ratio, but magnetic dephasing signals have shown that about 95% of the population has been transferred in the aimed sublevel, with similar results for three mean velocities of the atomic beam covering the range 744-1520m/s.
Published: 2013
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29. Test of the He-McKellar-Wilkens topological phase by atom interferometry. I. Theoretical discussion

Author: Jacques Vigué, A. Gauguet, Matthias Büchner, Steven Lepoutre, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS INP, ANR (grants ANR-05-BLAN-0094 and ANR-11-BS04-016-01 HIPATI) and Région Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Atom interferometer, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Stark effect, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Aharononov-Bohm, Topology, He-McKellar-Wilkens, 01 natural sciences, PACS 03.75.Dg, 03.65.Vf, 37.25.+k, Aharonov-Casher, Physics - Atomic Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Lithium atom, Physics, Quantum Physics, Zeeman effect, topological phases, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Magnetic field, Dipole, Interferometry, Transverse magnetic field, atom interferometry, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: International audience; We have recently tested the topological phase predicted by He and McKellar and by Wilkens: this phase appears when an electric dipole propagates in a transverse magnetic field. In the present paper, we first recall the physical origin of this phase and its relations to the Aharononov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher phases. We then explain possible detection schemes and we briefly describe the lithium atom interferometer we have used for this purpose. Finally, we analyze in great detail the phase shifts induced by electric and magnetic fields acting on such an interferometer, taking into account experimental defects. The experiment and its results are described in a companion paper.
Published: 2013
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30. Test of the He-McKellar-Wilkens topological phase by atom interferometry. II. The experiment and its results

Author: Matthias Büchner, Steven Lepoutre, Jacques Vigué, A. Gauguet, Jonathan Gillot, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS INP, ANR (Grants No. ANR-05-BLAN-0094 and No. ANR-11-BS04-016-01 783 HIPATI), and Re'gion Midi-Pyre'ne'es, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atom interferometer, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Stark effect, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, interferometer defects, Expected value, Topology, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Atomic Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Lithium atom, high phase sensitivity, Physics, Quantum Physics, Series (mathematics), Zeeman effect, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Magnetic field, Interferometry, fringevisibility, PACS 37.25.+k, 03.75.Dg, 03.65.Vf, Paschen-Back effect, atom interferometry, fringe phase shift, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we describe an experimental test of the He-McKellar-Wilkens (HMW) topological phase with our lithium atom interferometer. The expected value of the HMW phase shift in our experiment is small and its measurement was difficult because of stray phase shifts due to small experimental defects. We start by describing our setup and we characterize the effects of the electric and magnetic fields needed to observe the HMW effect. Then, we develop a model of our interferometer signals including all the defects we have identified. After various tests of this model, we use it to suppress the largest part of the stray phase shifts. We thus obtain a series of measurements of the HMW phase: the results are 31% larger than expected and this discrepancy is probably due to some limitations of our model.
Published: 2013
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31. Note: A passively cooled heat pipe for spectroscopy

Author: I. Braud, Matthias Büchner, Boris Decamps, Jacques Vigué, Jonathan Gillot, A. Gauguet, C. Lemarchand, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Thermal reservoir, Nuclear engineering, Thermodynamics, Heat sink, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 010309 optics, Heat pipe, Operating temperature, 0103 physical sciences, Heat transfer, Heat spreader, Water cooling, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Copper in heat exchangers
Abstract: International audience; We have developed and characterized a heat pipe for lithium spectroscopy, which is cooled only by air-convection, although its operating temperature is 330 °C: its construction is simple, of moderate cost and it is very reliable. A thermal model proves that heat-pipes without water cooling can be used up to considerably higher temperatures.
Published: 2013
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32. Measurement of the He-McKellar-Wilkens Topological Phase by Atom Interferometry and Test of Its Independence with Atom Velocity

Author: Matthias Büchner, Steven Lepoutre, Jonathan Gillot, Jacques Vigué, A. Gauguet, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Atom interferometer, Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, Order (ring theory), chemistry.chemical_element, Topology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Interferometry, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Lithium, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Ground state, Lithium atom
Abstract: In this Letter, we report a measurement of the He-McKellar-Wilkens (HMW) topological phase by atom interferometry. The experiment is done with our lithium atom interferometer, and in order to suppress the stray effects present in our first experiment, we use optical pumping of the $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms in their $F=2$, ${m}_{F}=+2$ (or $\ensuremath{-}2$) ground state sublevel. In these conditions, the measured phase shift is the sum of the HMW phase and of the Aharonov-Casher phase, which are separated due to their different ${m}_{F}$ dependence. The HMW phase has been measured for different lithium beam velocities and the results are in very good agreement with a phase independent of the atom velocity, as expected for a topological phase.
Published: 2013
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33. Glory and Resonance Effects in the Index of Refraction for Atomic Waves

Author: E. Audouard, Jacques Vigué, and P. Duplàa
Subjects: Physics, Argon, chemistry, Thermal motion, Relative motion, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, chemistry.chemical_element, Resonance, General Physics and Astronomy, Large range, Atomic physics, Refractive index
Abstract: We have performed the first detailed calculation of the index of refraction of a gas (argon) for an atomic wave (sodium). The index depends rapidly on the wave vector kr describing the relative motion and exhibits two interesting effects: Breit-Wigner-type resonances at very low kr values, and intense glory oscillations over a large range of kr values. A recent experiment has measured this index of refraction, and our calculation using a very accurate sodium-argon potential and taking into account the thermal motion of argon, agrees quite well with the experimental result.
Published: 1995
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34. Photodissociation of ICl molecules oriented in an electric field. Direct determination of the sign of the dipole moment

Author: Jacques Vigué, G. Trénec, Jean-Christophe Loison, R. White, and G. Bazalgette
Subjects: Bond dipole moment, Chemistry, Photodissociation, Transition dipole moment, General Physics and Astronomy, Computer Science::Computers and Society, Statistics::Computation, Dipole, Electric field, Moment (physics), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Molecular beam, Sign (mathematics)
Abstract: We have used the ‘brute force’ technique of Loesch to orient strongly a molecular beam of ICl, and we have measured directly the orientation by a photodissociation experiment. This experiment gives also a direct access to the sign of the dipole moment of ICl in its X 1 Σ + state, which is found to be I + Cl − .
Published: 1995
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35. Molecular Axis Orientation by the 'Brute Force' Method

Author: R. White, Jacques Vigué, G. Bazalgette, E. Audouard, A. Durand, and Jean-Christophe Loison
Subjects: Chemistry, General Engineering, Geometry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Orientation (graph theory), Molecular axis
Published: 1995
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36. An all-solid-state laser source at 671 nm for cold-atom experiments with lithium

Author: Gérard Trénec, Jacques Vigué, Ulrich Eismann, Frédéric Chevy, Andrius Zukauskas, Fabrice Gerbier, Carlota Canalias, Christophe Salomon, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ERC (FerLoDim project), EuroQUAM (FerMix), IFRAF, IUF, ESF, ANR, SCALA, DARPA (OLE project), CNRS INP, BNM (grant 04-3-004), ANR (grant ANR-05-BLAN-0094) and Région Midi-Pyrénées, ERC (FerLoDim project), EuroQUAM (FerMix), ANR (grant ANR-05-BLAN-0094) and Région Midi-Pyrénées, IFRAF, IUF, ESF, ANR, SCALA, DARPA (OLE project), CNRS INP, BNM (grant 04-3-004), ANR-06-NANO-0014,FABIOLA,Fermions And Bosons In Optical LAttices(2006), European Project, Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse)
Subjects: Materials science, Laser cooling of atoms, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Laser source, Potassium titanyl phosphate, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Optics, Ring laser, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Atomic Physics, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Ultracold atom, Laser cooling, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Quantum optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], business.industry, Diode-pumped solid state lasers, General Engineering, PACS 37.10.De, PACS 42.55.Xi, PACS 42.60.By, PACS 42.60.Pk, PACS 42.62.Fi, PACS 42.65.Ky, PACS 42.72.Ai, PACS 42.72.Bj, Lithium atoms, Frequency doubling, chemistry, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Optoelectronics, Lithium, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, business, Beam (structure), Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract: International audience; We present an all solid-state narrow line\-width laser source emitting $670\,\mathrm{mW}$ output power at $671\,\mathrm{nm}$ delivered in a diffraction-limited beam. The \linebreak source is based on a fre\-quency-doubled diode-end-\linebreak pumped ring laser operating on the ${^4F}_{3/2} \rightarrow {^4I}_{13/2}$ transition in Nd:YVO$_4$. By using periodically-poled po\-tassium titanyl phosphate (ppKTP) in an external build\-up cavity, doubling efficiencies of up to 86\% are obtained. Tunability of the source over $100\,\rm GHz$ is accomplished. We demonstrate the suitability of this robust frequency-stabilized light source for laser cooling of lithium atoms. Finally a simplified design based on intra-cavity doubling is described and first results are presented.
Published: 2012
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37. He-McKellar-Wilkens topological phase in atom interferometry

Author: Jacques Vigué, Matthias Büchner, Steven Lepoutre, A. Gauguet, G. Trénec, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Systematic error, Physics, Atom interferometer, Quantum Physics, topological phase, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), 03.65.Vf, 03.75.Dg, 39.20.+q, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Topology, 01 natural sciences, He-McKellar-Wilkens, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Magnetic field, Duality (electricity and magnetism), Physics - Atomic Physics, Dipole, atom interferometer, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: International audience; We report the first experimental test of the topological phase predicted by He and McKellar and by Wilkens in 1993: this phase, which appears when an electric dipole propagates in a magnetic field, is connected to the Aharonov-Casher effect by electric-magnetic duality. The He-McKellar-Wilkens phase is quite small, at most $27$ mrad in our experiment, and this experiment requires the high phase sensitivity of our atom interferometer with spatially separated arms as well as symmetry reversals such as the direction of the electric and magnetic fields. The measured value of the He-McKellar-Wilkens phase differs by $31$\% from its theoretical value, a difference possibly due to some as yet uncontrolled systematic errors.
Published: 2012
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38. Hyperfine structure of pendular states and the sign of the dipole moment of ICl A state

Author: Jean-Christophe Loison, A. Durand, and Jacques Vigué
Subjects: Bond dipole moment, Condensed matter physics, Chemistry, Transition dipole moment, General Physics and Astronomy, Electronegativity, symbols.namesake, Dipole, Stark effect, Moment (physics), symbols, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Hyperfine structure, Sign (mathematics)
Abstract: Since a first study by Cummings and Klemperer [J. Chem. Phys. 60, 2035 (1974)] and further works by Friedrich and Herschbach, the dipole moments of the X and A states of ICl are considered to have opposite signs. We have performed a high resolution study of the Stark effect of the A–X transition near the 21‐0 bandhead, and we have made a complete theoretical simulation of the spectrum, taking into account the hyperfine structure which is important. The comparison of the experimental spectrum with the simulation clearly prove that the dipole moments of the A and X state have the same sign. This result is in agreement with simple electronegativity arguments.
Published: 1994
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39. Permanent magnets for Faraday rotators inspired by the design of the magic sphere

Author: Orphée Cugat, G. Trénec, Jacques Vigué, William Volondat, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Optical isolator, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Physics::Optics, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Magneto-optic effect, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, Magnetic field, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, Magnet, 0103 physical sciences, Faraday effect, symbols, Business and International Management, Faraday rotator, Faraday cage, business
Abstract: International audience; Faraday polarization rotators are commonly used in laser experiments. Most Faraday materials have a nonnegligible absorption, which is a limiting factor for high power laser optical isolators or for intracavity optical diodes. By using a stronger magnetic field and a shorter length of Faraday material, one can obtain the same polarization rotation and a reduced absorption. In this paper, we describe two permanent magnet arrangements that are easy to build and produce magnetic fields up to 1.7 T , substantially more than commonly used. The field homogeneity is largely sufficient for a 30 dB isolation ratio. We finally discuss the prospects for producing even larger fields with permanent magnets
Published: 2011
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40. Atom interferometry as a detector of rotation and gravitational waves: comparison of various diffraction processes

Author: Haikel Jelassi, Jacques Vigué, Matthias Büchner, Steven Lepoutre, G. Trénec, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ANR-05-BLAN-0094,ATOM-INTERF,MESURES DE PRECISION EN INTERFEROMETRIE ATOMIQUE/ATOM INTERFEROMETRY: HIGH PRECISION MEASUREMENTS(2005), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diffraction, Atom interferometer, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Optics, Acousto-optics, 01 natural sciences, Inertial sensor, symbols.namesake, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Diffraction topography, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Raman diffraction, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Bragg's law, PACS 03.75.Dg and 04.80.Nn and 39.20.+q, Bragg diffraction, Fraunhofer diffraction, Dynamical theory of diffraction, Atom interferometry, symbols, business, Fresnel diffraction
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we discuss the optimization of atom interferometers for rotation and gravitational wave detection. We consider various diffraction processes and we focus our analysis on Bragg diffraction by a laser standing wave. We show that high order diffraction should be feasible with moderate laser power.
Published: 2011
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41. Atom interferometry measurement of the atom-surface van der Waals interaction

Author: G. Trénec, Vincent P. A. Lonij, Matthias Büchner, Steven Lepoutre, Jacques Vigué, Haikel Jelassi, Alexander D. Cronin, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Department of physics, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Atom interferometer, Phase (waves), Optical physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, symbols.namesake, Amplitude, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Van der Waals radius, Matter wave, Physics::Atomic Physics, van der Waals force, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: International audience; Using a nano-scale grid as a phase-shifting component, an atom interferometer has been utilized to study atom-surface van der Waals (VdW) interactions. We report phase shifts on the order of 0.2 rad, with a few percent uncertainty. We also report the velocity-dependent attenuation of atomic de Broglie wave amplitude that occurs in conjunction with the observed phase shifts. From these data we deduce the strength of the VdW potential and its dependence on the atom-surface separation. We discuss how our measurements can be used to set limits on the strength of non-Newtonian gravity at short length scales and we discuss the possibility of measuring the atom-surface interactions over a larger range of atom-surface distances. We also compare our results to several theoretical predictions for the VdW potential of Li near a variety of surfaces.
Published: 2011
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42. Coherent saturation effects in a Na2laser-induced fluorescence experiment: theory and experiment

Author: Jacques Vigué, P. Zalicki, N. Billy, and G. Gouédard
Subjects: Dye laser, Chemistry, Biophysics, Analytical chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser linewidth, Excited state, Radiative transfer, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Laser-induced fluorescence, Saturation (chemistry), Molecular Biology, Molecular beam, Doppler broadening
Abstract: In this paper we analyse the effect of coherent saturation in the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of molecules. We develop an earlier model introduced by Billy et al. in 1987 of this coherent effect and propose a simple formula predicting the line shape and the line intensity for a laser-molecule interaction time considerably longer than the excited-state radiative lifetime. The predictions of this formula are tested on a LIF experiment in which a Na2 molecular beam is excited with a continuous-wave single-frequency dye laser. Considerable spectral broadening, up to two hundred times the natural linewidth is observed, in good agreement with the model.
Published: 1993
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43. Interferometric measurement of the temperature dependence of an index of refraction: application to fused silica

Author: Philippe Paquier, Matthias Büchner, G. Trénec, Paul-Edouard Dupouy, Jacques Vigué, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), 02 engineering and technology, Derivative, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 010309 optics, Interferometry, Optics, Optical path, 0103 physical sciences, Business and International Management, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index, Laser beams, Fabry–Pérot interferometer
Abstract: International audience; The light reflected by an uncoated Fabry-Perot etalon presents dark rings which give a very sensitive measurement of the variations of the return optical path in the etalon. By measuring the diameters of these rings as a function of the etalon temperature T, we get a sensitive measurement of the derivative dn/dT of the index of refraction n. We have made this experiment with a fused silica etalon and we have achieved a 2% relative uncertainty on dn/dT , comparable to the uncertainty of the best experiments.
Published: 2010
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44. Polarization dependence of the ac Stark effect in multiphoton transitions of diatomic molecules

Author: Jacques Vigué, Richard N. Zare, Greg O. Sitz, N. Billy, and B. Girard
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Photon, Chemistry, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, Polarization (waves), Asymmetry, Fluorescence, Diatomic molecule, symbols.namesake, Stark effect, Ionization, symbols, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Inorganic compound, media_common
Abstract: The (2+2) resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of N2 via the a 1Πg(v=1,J) levels shows a strong dependence on the polarization of the laser beam causing this process. This behavior is attributed to the ac Stark effect produced by the near resonance of the N2 o31Πu(v=0,J) levels with the sum of the first three photons. The multiphoton transitions are broadened and asymmetric in appearance; one level is even split. The line profiles change markedly as the polarization of the laser beam is varied from linear to circular. A general theory is presented for the ac Stark effect in a diatomic molecule undergoing a multiphoton transition. When the sum of the photon energies is resonant with an allowed transition, a splitting of the line is observed (Autler–Townes effect). Off resonance, the magnetic sublevels are shifted by different amounts, causing the line profile to be broadened and distorted. This theoretical treatment is able to explain in a satisfactory manner the observed behavior of (2+2) REMPI of N2 via the a 1Πg–X 1Σ+g transition and the two‐photon laser‐induced fluorescence of CO via the A 1Π–X 1Σ+ transition.
Published: 1992
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45. Purely Hyperfine Predissociation in the B State of the IF Molecule

Author: N. Billy, Jacques Vigué, G. Gouédard, and B. Girard
Subjects: Physics, Photodissociation, General Physics and Astronomy, Rotational transition, Coriolis coupling, symbols.namesake, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Ultracold atom, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, symbols, Molecule, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), Hyperfine structure
Abstract: We present new experimental results concerning the predissociation of the B state of the IF molecule. These results and their theoretical analysis demonstrate that this predissociation is purely hyperfine and it appears to be the first example of this phenomenon. The full understanding of this type of process is important in several domains of physics (ultracold atom collisions, photoinduced isotopic fractionation).
Published: 1992
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46. Dispersive atom interferometry phase shifts due to atom-surface interactions

Author: Matthias Büchner, Steven Lepoutre, Alexander D. Cronin, Jacques Vigué, Vincent P. A. Lonij, G. Trénec, Haikel Jelassi, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Atom interferometer, Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Interferometry, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, symbols, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Van der Waals radius, Matter wave, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, van der Waals force, 010306 general physics, Dispersion (water waves)
Abstract: International audience; We used the Toulouse atom interferometer to study how Van der Waals (VdW) interactions between atoms and surfaces cause velocity-dependent phase shifts for atomic de Broglie waves. By introducing a thin nano-grating in one branch of this interferometer, we observed a phase shift that depends on velocity to the power −0.49. This dispersion serves to measure both the strength and the position dependence of the atom-surface potential in the range from 5 to 10 nm from the surface, and it can also set new limits on non-Newtonian gravity in the 2 nm range
Published: 2009
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47. Matter wave explorer of gravity (MWXG)

Author: Achim Peters, Christophe Salomon, Fiodor Sorrentino, P. De Natale, A. Brillet, P. Tourrenc, Ekkehard Peik, Pierre Touboul, Etienne Samain, N. Yu, Ernst M. Rasel, T. Müller, Filippo Levi, Patrick Gill, J. D. Anderson, M. Gilowski, Matthias Büchner, M. Zaiser, Klaus Sengstock, Wolfgang P. Schleich, B. Foulon, C. Jentsch, T. v. Zoest, Jacques Vigué, P. Laurent, B. J. Kent, Francesco Saverio Cataliotti, Luigi Cacciapuoti, L. Maleki, Luciano Iess, Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler, Robert Bingham, Bruno Christophe, Giorgio Santarelli, Markus Arndt, Davide Calonico, François Bondu, Nicola Poli, Slava G. Turyshev, Reinhold Walser, Massimo Inguscio, Wolfgang Ertmer, M. C. Angonin, Maria Luisa Chiofalo, Andreas Wicht, Hj. Dittus, Stephan Theil, Guglielmo M. Tino, Claus Lämmerzahl, P. Delva, Kai Bongs, Christian Schubert, Pierre Lemonde, A. Rathke, Helen S. Margolis, Philippe Bouyer, Serge Reynaud, Ch. J. Bordé, Landragin, C. Modugno, H. A. Klein, Ulrich Johann, L. J. Wang, Thijs Wendrich, Astrid Lambrecht, André Clairon, Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Dipartimento di Fisica and LENS, Università di Firenze-INFN, LENS, INFN, National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [Berlin] (PTB), EADS Astrium GmbH, laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), INOA-CNR, DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Global Aerospace Corporation, Institut für Quanteninformationsverarbeitung, Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM), Universität Bremen, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, National University of Singapore (NUS), University of Vienna [Vienna], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze FIsiche della Materia (CNISM), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Nazionale Galileo Ferraris, Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace ( SYRTE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Jussieu) ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique ( LCFIO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab ( Chatillon ), ONERA, Laboratoire Collisions Agregats Reactivite ( LCAR ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique ( LERMA ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia [Firenze], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Humboldt University Of Berlin, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: Atom interferometer, Quantum decoherence, [ PHYS.QPHY ] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], General relativity, atom interferometer, fundamental physics, general relativity, mwxg, test of equivalence principle, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Gravitational field, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], MWXG, 0103 physical sciences, Gravity Probe A, Equivalence principle, 010306 general physics, Fundamental physics, Physics, Equivalence Principle, space, atom interferometry, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Test of equivalence principle, Atom interferometry, Classical mechanics, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Quantum gravity, Matter wave
Abstract: International audience; In response to ESA's Call for proposals of 5 March 2007 of the COSMIC VISION 2015-2025 plan of the ESA science programme, we propose a M-class satellite mission to test of the Equivalence Principle in the quantum domain by investigating the extended free fall of matter waves instead of macroscopic bodies as in the case of GAUGE, MICROSCOPE or STEP. The satellite, called Matter Wave Explorer of Gravity, will carry an experiment to test gravity, namely the measurement of the equal rate of free fall with various isotopes of distinct atomic species with precision cold atom interferometry in the vicinity of the earth. This will allow for a first quantum test the Equivalence Principle with spin polarised particles and with pure fermionic and bosonic atomic ensembles. Due to the space conditions, the free fall of Rubidium and Potassium isotopes will be compared with a maximum accelerational sensitivity of 5*10 − 16 m/s2 corresponding to an accuracy of the test of the Equivalence Principle of 1 part in 1016. Besides the primary scientific goal, the quantum test of the Equivalence Principle, the mission can be extended to provide additional information about the gravitational field of the earth or for testing theories of fundamental processes of decoherence which are investigated by various theory groups in the context of quantum gravity phenomenology. In this proposal we present in detail the mission objectives and the technical aspects of the proposed mission.
Published: 2009
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48. Differential cross section as a function of the product internal state: The F+I2→IF(v,J)+I reactive collision

Author: Jacques Vigué, B. Girard, N. Billy, and G. Gouédard
Subjects: Chemistry, Monte Carlo method, General Physics and Astronomy, Function (mathematics), Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy, Collision, Rotational energy, symbols.namesake, Cross section (physics), symbols, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Hyperfine structure, Doppler effect
Abstract: We have measured the differential cross section of the F+I2→IF+I reactive collision as a function of the rovibrational state of IF. This measurement was made by an analysis of the Doppler profiles of the laser‐induced fluorescence detection signals, as suggested by Kinsey [J. Chem. Phys. 66, 2560 (1977)]. This paper describes in detail the experiment and the way we analyze the data to deduce the differential cross section. The shape of the cross section appears to vary noticeably with the rotational energy of IF and to a lesser extent with its vibrational energy. Several partial explanations are possible, and the choice remains not clear as long as we have no precise information on the potential‐energy surfaces of the I2F system.
Published: 1991
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49. Lifetimes and predissociations in the Cl2 B-state

Author: G. Gouédard, N. Billy, B. Girard, and Jacques Vigué
Subjects: 010304 chemical physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Chemistry, Transition dipole moment, General Engineering, State (functional analysis), 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Molecule, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Hyperfine structure
Abstract: We present an ensemble of experimental studies and calculations about the lifetimes and predissociations in the B state of the Cl2 molecule. The radiative lifetime is shown to be very long(τv=12 ≃1.2 ms), in accordance with the previously determined and confirmed value of the B-X transition dipole moment. Our measurements of lifetimes for (J = 0, v≥13) show the existence of a hyperfine predissociation of these states. Finally a simple model of the first Ω= 1u states of Cl2 is given which explains, within a factor of 2, the gyroscopic predissociation of the B 3ΠO+u state by the A 3Π1u and 1Π1 u states.
Published: 1991
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50. State-Resolved Differential Cross-Section of the F + I 2 → IF + I Reactive Collision

Author: G. Gouédard, N. Billy, B. Girard, and Jacques Vigué
Subjects: Physics, chemistry.chemical_classification, General Physics and Astronomy, Function (mathematics), State (functional analysis), Collision, Diatomic molecule, Rotational energy, symbols.namesake, chemistry, symbols, Atomic physics, Doppler effect, Inorganic compound, Differential (mathematics)
Abstract: We have performed Doppler measurement of the differential cross-section of the reactive collision F + I2 → IF + I. With this technique, we have been able to study the differential cross-section as a function of the internal state of IF. The shape of this differential cross-section appears to depend strongly on the rotational energy of IF. This is the first observation of such a dependence for which we present tentative explanations.
Published: 1991
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