Search

Fathers' positive engagement (FPE) benefits children's development but some children receive greater FPE than others. Understanding why some fathers demonstrate greater FPE than others is critical to efforts to support FPE. However, studies of FPE often fail to account for the father's residential context and changes in interparental relationships and FPE that occur as the child develops. This study examined the effects of paternal identity (i.e., status-level/role-level centrality) and maternal gate opening on FPE in diverse residential contexts from early to middle childhood. Using longitudinal multilevel modeling, this study analyzed data from 2,339 families in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Results demonstrated that maternal gate opening strengthened the association between paternal status-level centrality and FPE, especially, for fathers who were nonresident at childbirth. This protective effect did not change by child age. Furthermore, fathers who were resident at childbirth but nonresident in middle childhood increased in FPE over time. However, among fathers whose residential status shifted from nonresident to resident, those with low role-level centrality decreased in FPE over time. For fathers who were resident from birth to middle childhood, high maternal gate opening was associated with greater FPE, although this effect faded over time. Overall, these findings suggest the importance of both establishment of a strong paternal identity and maintenance of maternal support to promote long-term FPE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Supplementary Data from The Role of MET Activation in Determining the Sensitivity to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

The development of resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) seems almost inevitable, even in patients with lung cancer that initially respond well to EGFR-TKIs. MET amplification was recently found to be a mechanism of escape from the anticancer effect of EGFR inhibitors. In the present study, we investigated the means whereby MET affects sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs in PC-9 cells. Gefitinib- or erlotinib-resistant sublines were established by exposing the parental PC-9 cell line to chronic, repeated treatments with these drugs. These resistant sublines showed more than 100-fold more resistance to gefitinib and erlotinib and acquired cross-resistance to other EGFR-TKIs. The T790M EGFR mutation was found by pyrosequencing, and this seemed to be the cause of drug resistance. Resistant cells also showed MET activation, although gene amplification was not detected. Furthermore, the induction of MET activity was not found to be associated with sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. Interestingly, increased passage number without exposure to gefitinib or erlotinib caused MET activation, but this did not affect sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. In addition, hepatocyte growth factor was found to block the ability of EGFR-TKIs to inhibit MET activation. However, sustained MET activation by hepatocyte growth factor did not modulate the cellular effects of gefitinib or erlotinib. Rather, activated MET enhanced migration and invasion abilities. Summarizing, MET activation may be acquired during cancer cell proliferation and enhances migratory and invasive abilities without affecting cellular sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. Accordingly, the present study suggests that MET activation caused by factors other than MET gene amplification is not a suitable surrogate marker of resistance to EGFR-TKIs. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(10):1736–43)

A paulownia wood has been widely used with various advantages as its low weight, permeability, convenient workability and aesthetic patterns for a long time. However, the related empirical researches and simultaneous evaluations of functionality are insufficient compared with acid-free archival boxes for now. In this study, the indoor and outdoor temperature and relative humidity control and heat release rate were evaluated under the controlled and uncontrolled circumstance in 2018. The paulownia wood storage box showed superior control effect of relative humidity than the acid-free archival box in constantly uncontrolled environment. Also, the possibility of the flame diffusion from the surface of the materials was higher for the paulownia materials, and the acid-free archival box showed more dangerous patterns in the early stages of the fire.

The expansion of personal information and data resources use is raising the need for many countries to respond. Moreover, the expansion of technologies and new technologies developed based on data resources is causing responses through legislation in each country. Through this process, the government and domestic actors share the burden of protecting data resources, which is implemented through the security governance structure. The United States and China are developing different security governance structures for personal data and data resources. In the United States, the burden of protecting personal data is shared primarily between the government and data processors. In China, the burden of protection of personal information and data resources is shared mainly between the government, data controllers, and individuals.

To quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health interventions on parent and child mental health and family relationships, we examined change in individual and family functioning in a sample of parents enrolled in a prevention trial; we examined change before the pandemic (2017-2019) when children were an average of 7 years old to the first months after the imposition of widespread public health interventions in the United States (2020) with paired t tests and HLM models. We examined moderation by parent gender, education, family income, and coparenting conflict. We found large deteriorations from before the pandemic to the first months of the pandemic in child internalizing and externalizing problems and parent depression, and a moderate decline in coparenting quality. Smaller changes were found for parent anxiety and parenting quality. Mothers and families with lower levels of income were at particular risk for deterioration in well-being. Results indicate a need for widespread family support and intervention to prevent potential family "scarring," that is, prolonged, intertwined individual mental health and family relationship problems.Para cuantificar el efecto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y de las intervenciones de salud pública en la salud mental de los padres y los niños y en las relaciones familiares, analizamos los cambios en el funcionamiento individual y familiar en una muestra de padres inscriptos en un ensayo de prevención; estudiamos el cambio antes de la pandemia (2017-2019) cuando los niños tenían un promedio de 7 años hasta los primeros meses después de la imposición de las intervenciones generalizadas de salud pública en los Estados Unidos (2020) con pruebas t apareadas y modelos lineales jerárquicos. Analizamos la moderación por género, educación, ingresos familiares y conflicto de cocrianza de los padres. Hallamos grandes deterioros desde antes de la pandemia hasta los primeros meses de la pandemia en problemas de interiorización y exteriorización de los niños y depresión de los padres, y una disminución moderada de la calidad de la cocrianza. También encontramos cambios más pequeños en la ansiedad de los padres y la calidad de la crianza. Las madres y las familias con niveles más bajos de ingresos estuvieron en riesgo particular de deterioro del bienestar. Los resultados indican la necesidad de apoyo familiar generalizado y de intervenciones para prevenir posibles «secuelas» familiares, p. ej.: salud mental individual interconectada y prolongada y problemas en las relaciones familiares.本文把COVID-19和公共健康干预措施对父母和儿童的心理健康以及对家庭关系的影响进行量化，对参加一项预防试验的人群样本进行了研究，主要关于这些受试父母的个体功能和家庭功能产生了哪些变化; 我们采用配对t检验和HLM模型，研究了新冠肺炎(2017-2019年)前的变化，即平均年龄为7岁的儿童至美国实施广泛公共健康干预措施(2020年)后的第一个月。我们通过父母性别、教育程度、家庭收入和养育子女的冲突来考察这些因素的调适作用。我们发现，儿童对很多问题以及父母的抑郁表现都进行内化和外化，从新冠肺炎流行发生前到新冠大流行的头几个月出现了严重恶化倾向，亲子教育的质量略有下降。父母的焦虑和培养孩子方面的质量也有较小的变化。收入水平较低的母亲和家庭的福祉尤其有恶化的风险。结果表明，需要给予广泛的家庭支持和干预，以防止潜在的家庭"伤疤"，即长期错综搅合在一起的个人心理健康和家庭关系问题。.

Friction welding was chosen for its versatility in the joining of dissimilar materials with high quality. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal welding conditions for attaining quality joints by using online monitoring of acoustic emission system signals. During friction welding, the formation of cracks, defects, or any abnormalities in the joining process which have a detrimental effect on the joints quality was identified. The most widely used materials in the aerospace industry—Inconel 718 and molybdenum steel—were joined by friction welding. The precision of the joints, internal defects, and quality are major concerns for aerospace parts. The results of the present research determined the optimal welding conditions for high tensile strength by nondestructively inducing acoustic emission signals. During friction time and upset time periods, the typical waveforms and frequency spectrum of the acoustic emission signals were recorded, and their energy level, average frequency, cumulative count, and amplitude were analyzed. Both cumulative count and amplitude were found to be useful parameters for deriving the optimal welding conditions. In the initial stage of friction welding, a very high voltage of continuous form was generated with frequency characteristics of 0.44 MHz and 0.54 MHz. The signals generated during the upset stage had a low voltage, but a very high frequency of 1.56 MHz and 1.74 MHz with a burst-type signal. The amplitude of the signal generated for the optimally welded joints was about 100 dB at the friction time and about 45 dB at the upset time.

Background: Germline mutations in CDH1 are associated with hereditary and early onset- diffuse gastric cancer. However, the frequency of CDH1 germline mutation in unselected gastric cancer cases is not well established. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and clinical characteristics of germline CDH1 V832M mutation carriers in unselected Korean gastric cancer cases. Methods: Direct sequencing was performed to determine the presence of CDH1 V832M in 305 unselected Korean gastric cancer patients. Lauren's histologic type, family history of gastric cancer, and age of cancer diagnosis were compared between V832M carriers and non-carriers. Results: In the study population, seven gastric cancer patients (7/305, 2.29%) were found to have the CDH1 V832M mutation. The CDH1 V832M mutation carrier state was not significantly associated with phenotypes including Lauren's histologic type, family history of gastric cancer, age of cancer diagnosis, and other cancer history in a patient. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the germline CDH1 V832M mutation is common in sporadic, late onset, and intestinal type gastric cancer as well as familial, early onset, and diffuse type gastric cancer. Our finding suggests that guidelines for managing CDH1 mutation carriers should be refined through additional data on penetration according to CDH1 mutation type in sporadic cases.

The postpartum period is a key life stage, contributing to increased maternal obesity risk. Current lifestyle interventions do not consider the role of a woman's partner in reducing stress and supporting lifestyle change. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of an intervention that seeks to enhance coparenting relationship quality on maternal BMI from before conception to 12 months post partum and whether the intervention moderated the association of changes in cortisol and BMI.A randomized controlled trial was used to assess an intervention (eight classes: four during and four following pregnancy) focusing on enhancing couple coparenting relationships during pregnancy and post partum (n = 57) compared with standard care (n = 53).The main outcome measures were changes in maternal BMI and cortisol. There was a smaller increase in BMI for mothers in intervention compared with control groups (mean [SE], -1.03 [0.42] kg/mA coparenting intervention improved maternal postpartum BMI, with this effect potentially related to ameliorating the negative effect of stress, as measured by cortisol, on BMI. The role of enhanced coparenting in improving maternal anthropometry warrants urgent attention.

As the COVID-19 pandemic has been highly stressful for parents and children, it is clear that strategies that promote long-term family resilience are needed to protect families in future crises. One such strategy, the Family Foundations program, is focused on promoting supportive coparenting at the transition to parenthood. In a randomized trial, we tested the long-term intervention effects of Family Foundations on parent, child, and family well-being one to two months after the imposition of a national shelter-in-place public health intervention in 2020. We used regression models to test intervention impact on outcomes reported on by parents in a standard questionnaire format and a series of 8 days of daily reports. We also tested moderation of intervention impact by parent depression and coparenting relationship quality. Relative to control families, intervention families demonstrated significantly lower levels of individual and family problems (general parent hostility, harsh and aggressive parenting, coparenting conflict, sibling relationship conflict, and children's negative mood and behavior problems), and higher levels of positive family relationship quality (positive parenting, couple relationship quality, sibling relations, and family cohesion). For some outcomes, including coparenting conflict, harsh parenting, and child behavior problems, intervention effects were larger for more vulnerable families-that is, families with higher pre-pandemic levels of parent depression or lower levels of coparenting relationship quality. We conclude that targeted family prevention programming is able to promote healthy parent and child functioning during unforeseen future periods of acute stress. The long-term benefits of a universal approach to family support at the transition to parenthood indicate the need for greater investment in the dissemination of effective approaches.Dado que la pandemia de COVID-19 ha sido muy estresante para padres e hijos, está claro que se necesitan estrategias que promuevan la resiliencia familiar a largo plazo para proteger a las familias en crisis futuras. Una de esas estrategias, el programa Family Foundations, se centra en promover la crianza compartida de apoyo en la transición a la paternidad. En un ensayo aleatorizado, probamos los efectos de la intervención a largo plazo de Family Foundations en el bienestar de los padres, el niño y la familia uno o dos meses después de la imposición de una intervención nacional de salud pública de refugio en el lugar en 2020. Usamos modelos de regresión para evaluar el impacto de la intervención en los resultados informados por los padres en un formato de cuestionario estándar y una serie de 8 días de informes diarios. También probamos la moderación del impacto de la intervención por la depresión de los padres y la calidad de la relación de coparentalidad. En relación con las familias de control, las familias de intervención demostraron niveles significativamente más bajos de problemas individuales y familiares (hostilidad general de los padres, crianza dura y agresiva, conflicto de crianza conjunta, conflicto de relaciones entre hermanos y problemas de comportamiento y estado de ánimo negativos de los niños) y niveles más altos de calidad de relación familiar positiva (crianza positiva, calidad de la relación de pareja, relaciones entre hermanos y cohesión familiar). Para algunos resultados, incluido el conflicto de crianza compartida, la crianza severa y los problemas de comportamiento infantil, los efectos de la intervención fueron mayores para las familias más vulnerables, es decir, familias con niveles más altos de depresión de los padres prepandémicos o niveles más bajos de calidad de la relación de crianza compartida. Concluimos que los programas de prevención familiar específicos pueden promover el funcionamiento saludable de padres e hijos durante períodos futuros imprevistos de estrés agudo. Los beneficios a largo plazo de un enfoque universal del apoyo familiar en la transición a la paternidad indican la necesidad de una mayor inversión en la difusión de enfoques eficaces.新冠大流行病给父母和儿童带来了巨大的压力。增强家庭未来的抗逆力将帮助家庭更好地应对未来 的危机。一种提高家庭抗逆力的方式是通过“家庭建设”项目。“家庭建设”项目着重于在向父母身份 过渡的阶段促进支持型父母共同养育。在一项随机对照试验中, 我们测试了“家庭建设”项目在2020 年美国全国性的公共卫生干预措施居家隔离实施的一到两个月后对父母、儿童和家庭健康的长期干 预效果。通过使用回归模型和父母提供的8天的问卷调查数据, 我们测试了“家庭建设”项目的长期干 预效果。我们还测试了父母抑郁程度和共育关系质量对干预效果的调节作用。相对于对照组家庭, 干预组家庭的个人和家庭问题 (父母的敌意、严厉和攻击性的养育方式、共同养育的冲突、兄弟姐 妹之间的冲突、以及儿童的负面情绪和行为问题) 水平明显较低, 而积极的家庭关系质量 (积极的 养育方式、夫妻关系、兄弟姐妹关系、以及家庭凝聚力) 水平较高。对于一些结果变量, 包括共同 养育的冲突、严厉的养育方式和儿童行为问题, 干预效果对于更脆弱的家庭- 即大流行前父母抑郁 2 程度水平较高或共同养育关系质量水平较低的家庭--更大。我们的结论是, 有针对性的家庭预防项 目能够在未来不可预见的急性压力时期促进父母和儿童的健康。 在向父母身份过渡的阶段提供普遍 性干预的家庭支持所带来的长期好处表明, 我们应该为推广此类有效方法投入更多。.

Background: While postpartum is a key life-stage contributing to increased obesity risk for women, existing weight management interventions don’t consider the role of a women’s partner in reducing stress and supporting lifestyle change. Objectives: 1) To assess the effect of an intervention enhancing coparenting relationship quality on maternal body mass index (BMI) from preconception to 12-months postpartum and 2) if intervention status moderated the association of change in cortisol with change in BMI. Subjects/Methods: A randomized controlled trial assessing enhancing coparenting relationships in couples during pregnancy and postpartum (n=57) compared to standard care (n=53) from 2003-6. Heterosexual couples (n=110) were recruited during pregnancy expecting their first child, ≥18 years old and living together. The intervention was Family Foundations, consisting of 8 classes for couples at transition to parenthood focused on enhancing coparenting (4 during and 4 following pregnancy).Results: The main outcome measure was change in maternal BMI and change in cortisol.There was less increase in BMI for mothers in the intervention compared to the control group (-1.03±0.42 kg/m2, p=0.015). There was an interaction between intervention status and cortisol change predicting BMI change (p=0.026) such that cortisol change significantly predicted BMI change among mothers in the control group (p=0.049) but not the intervention group (p=0.204). Conclusion: A coparenting intervention improved maternal postpartum BMI with this effect potentially related to interventions ameliorating the negative effect of stress, as measured by cortisol, on BMI. The role of enhanced coparenting in improving maternal anthropometry and reduced future obesity risk in women warrants urgent attention.

Background/aim Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) is an enzyme implicated in serine biosynthesis, and its overexpression has been linked to cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, targeting PSAT1 is considered to be an anticancer strategy. Materials and methods The viability of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells was measured by MTT assay. Protein and mRNA expression were determined by western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results Glutamine-limiting conditions were generated through glutamine deprivation or CB-839 treatment, which induced PSAT1 expression in NSCLC cells. PSAT1 expression induced by glutamine-limiting conditions was regulated by activating transcription factor 4. Knock-down of PSAT1 enhanced the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to glutamine-limiting conditions. Interestingly, ionizing radiation induced PSAT1 expression, and knocking down PSAT1 increased cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Conclusion Inhibiting PSAT1 might aid in the treatment of lung cancer, and PSAT1 may be a therapeutic target for lung cancer.

Precision medicine has received increased attention as an effective approach for the treatment of cancer patients. Because of challenges associated with the availability of archived tissue, liquid biopsies are often performed to detect cancer-specific mutations. One of the major advantages of the liquid biopsy is that the treatment can be monitored longitudinally, even after the tumor tissue is no longer available. In a clinical setting, one component of precision medicine is the detection of cancer-specific mutations using archived samples. In this study, we evaluated the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status of samples of lung cancer patients stored before introduction of the plasma EGFR test at our institution. The aim of this study was to validate the utility of archived plasma samples for detection of the EGFR mutation in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The Cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 was the first liquid biopsy test approved as a companion diagnostic test for patients with NSCLC treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We tested for the EGFR mutation in 116 plasma samples archived in the biobank, and the results were compared with those obtained in the tissue or cytology EGFR mutation test. The EGFR mutation-positive rate from archived plasma was lower than that determined from tissue or cytology at 19.0% and 53.4%, respectively, and the concordance rate between the two tests was 58.6%. Of interest, five (4.3%) samples showed the T790M mutation in the plasma test, whereas this mutation was only detected in two (1.7%) tissue/cytology samples. Five (4.3%) samples were additionally positive in the plasma test. Overall, these results indicate that archived plasma samples can serve as an alternative source for the plasma EGFR mutation test when tissue samples are not available, and can improve precision medicine and long-term follow-up in a noninvasive manner.

15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is the key enzyme that catalyses the conversion of prostaglandin E2 to a keto metabolite. The expression of 15-PGDH is ubiquitously repressed in vari...

Fathers are more than social accidents. Research has demonstrated that fathers matter to children's development. Despite noted progress, challenges remain on how best to conceptualize and assess fathering and father-child relationships. The current monograph is the result of an SRCD-sponsored meeting of fatherhood scholars brought together to discuss these challenges and make recommendations for best practices for incorporating fathers in studies on parenting and children's development. The first aim of this monograph was to provide a brief update on the current state of research on fathering and to lay out a developmental ecological systems perspective as a conceptual framework for understanding the different spaces fathers inhabit in their children's lives. Because there is wide variability in fathers' roles, the ecological systems perspective situates fathers, mothers, children, and other caregivers within an evolving network of interrelated social relationships in which children and their parents change over time and space (e.g., residence). The second aim was to present examples of empirical studies conducted by members of the international working group that highlighted different methods, data collection, and statistical analyses used to capture the variability in father-child relationships. The monograph ends with a commentary that elaborates on the ecological systems framework with a discussion of the broader macrosystem and social-contextual influences that impinge on fathers and their children. The collection of articles contributes to research on father-child relationships by advancing theory and presenting varied methods and analysis strategies that assist in understanding the father-child relationship and its impact on child development.

Cytogenetic dosimetry is useful for evaluating the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation based on analysis of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations. We created two types of in vitro dose-response calibration curves for dicentric chromosomes (DC) and translocations (TR) induced by X-ray irradiation, using an electron linear accelerator, which is the most frequently used medical device in radiotherapy. We irradiated samples from four healthy Korean individuals and compared the resultant curves between individuals. Aberration yields were studied in a total of 31,800 and 31,725 metaphases for DC and TR, respectively, obtained from 11 X-ray irradiation dose-points (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Gy). The dose-response relationship followed a linear-quadratic equation, Y=C+αD+βD², with the coefficients C=0.0011 for DC and 0.0015 for TR, α=0.0119 for DC and 0.0048 for TR, and β=0.0617 for DC and 0.0237 for TR. Correlation coefficients between irradiation doses and chromosomal aberrations were 0.971 for DC and 0.6 for TR, indicating a very strong and a moderate correlation, respectively. This is the first study implementing cytogenetic dosimetry following exposure to ionizing X-radiation.

Early childhood is critical to the development of children's social-emotional competence, which predicts peer relations and school adjustment in later periods of childhood. The effects of experiencing or witnessing aggression on children's social-emotional development are well known, yet the role of conflict resolution within the family has not been sufficiently studied. Social information processing models suggests that children who experience positive forms of conflict resolution within the family are likely to generalize these experiences and related skills outside the family, and thus develop greater social-emotional competence. In this longitudinal study, 128 parents (representing 79 families) participated in four quarterly telephone interviews in which they described aggressive conflicts that occurred in their family for which their children were present, including the degree to which each conflict was resolved. They also reported on the frequency of intimate partner aggression (IPA) and parent-to-child aggression (PCA) that occurred while the child was in toddlerhood and preschool as well as children's social-emotional competence at the end of the study. Multi-level models reveal that parents' reports of positive conflict resolution mitigated the concurrent and longitudinal negative effects of children's exposure to both IPA and PCA on their social-emotional competence. These findings reinforce prevention scientists' emphasis on conflict resolution skills as an essential component of parent education programs.La primera infancia es fundamental para el desarrollo de la competencia socioemocional de los niños, la cual predice las relaciones entre pares y la adaptación escolar en periodos posteriores de la niñez. Se conocen muy bien los efectos que producen el sufrir o ser testigos de agresión en el desarrollo socioemocional de los niños, sin embargo, aún no se ha estudiado de manera suficiente el papel que desempeña la resolución de conflictos dentro de la familia. Los modelos de procesamiento de la información social sugieren que los niños que viven formas positivas de resolución de conflictos dentro de la familia son propensos a generalizar estas experiencias y las habilidades afines fuera de la familia y, por lo tanto, a desarrollar una mayor competencia socioemocional. En este estudio longitudinal, 128 padres (que representaban 79 familias) participaron en cuatro entrevistas telefónicas cada tres meses en las cuales describieron conflictos agresivos que hubo en su familia en los cuales sus hijos estuvieron presentes, incluido el grado en el cual se resolvió cada conflicto. También informaron la frecuencia de agresión en la pareja y de agresión de padres a hijos que tuvo lugar durante sus primeros años de vida y en la etapa del preescolar, así como la competencia socioemocional de los niños al final del estudio. Los modelos multinivel indican que los informes de los padres sobre la resolución positiva de los conflictos mitigaron los efectos negativos longitudinales y simultáneos de la exposición de los niños a la agresión en la pareja y a la agresión de padres a hijos en su competencia socioemocional. Estos resultados refuerzan el énfasis en las habilidades de resolución de conflictos de los científicos de la prevención como componente esencial de los programas de educación para padres.幼儿期对儿童社会情感能力的发展至关重要，这预示着儿童后期的同伴关系和学校适应。经历或目睹攻击性行为对儿童社会情感发展的影响是众所周知的，家庭内部冲突解决对儿童社会情绪发展的作用却没有进行充分的研究。社会信息处理模型表明，在家庭内部经历过积极的冲突解决方式的儿童有可能将这些经验和相关技能推广到家庭之外，从而发展出更大的社会情感能力。在这项长期研究中，128位父母（代表79个家庭）参加了四个季度的电话访谈。在访谈中他们描述了发生在孩子家庭中的、孩子在场的攻击性冲突，包括每个冲突被解决的程度。他们还报告了孩子在学步期和学前期发生的亲密伴侣攻击性行为和父母对孩子攻击性行为的频率，以及研究结束时孩子的社会情感能力情况。多层次模型显示，父母对报告的积极解决冲突缓解了儿童接触亲密伴侣攻击和父母对儿童的施暴击对其社会情感能力的并发和长期性的负面影响。这些发现进一步强调了预防科学家们对冲突解决技能的强调，这些技能将作为父母教育计划的重要组成部分。.

Background Analytical performance should be evaluated before a new coagulation analyzer is adopted in a clinical laboratory. The objective of this study was to evaluate analytical performances of three new coagulation analyzers (STA-R Max3, CN-6000, and Cobas t511) and compare them based on the following four coagulation parameters: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, and D-dimer. Methods A total of 427 plasma samples, including fresh and frozen/thawed plasma spanning wide ranges. Each of the manufacturers' quality control samples were used for the evaluation. Analytical performances were evaluated. Parameters considered were precision, carryover, verification of analytical measurement range, auto-dilution, and reference range according to the CLSI guidelines (H57-A). The results of each parameter were compared between STA-R compact (currently in use) and three new analyzers using fresh plasma. The results were compared among three new analyzers using fresh and frozen/thawed plasma, and samples with interferences of hemolysis/icterus/ lipemia (H/I/L). Results Analytical performances were excellent for all analyzers within each manufacturer's target based on results of precision, carryover, linearity, and verifications of auto-dilution, and reference range. Results for four parameters (PT/aPTT/fibrinogen/D-dimer) with the three new analyzers using fresh samples were well-correlated with those of STA-R Compact except for D-dimer tests (Pearson's r: 0.84 to 1.00). Good correlations were observed between the new analyzers with the total samples (fresh and frozen/thawed samples) (Pearson's r, 0.86 to 0.97). However, weaker correlation and/or higher mean bias% were observed for aPTT and D-dimer with total samples and for four parameters with normal samples rather than abnormal samples across the three analyzers. Differences were more prominent with H/I/L samples, especially between STA-R Max3 and CN-6000 or Cobas t511 for PT, aPTT, and D-dimers. Conclusions With excellent analytical performances, the three new coagulation analyzers demonstrated good correlations, although high variabilities were seen for aPTT and D-dimers. High variability in comparison analysis might be mainly attributed to differences in reference and reportable ranges of each parameter across the three different analyzers.

Background Dual inhibition of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling and PD-1 is a promising strategy to reverse immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and poor responses to immunotherapy. Based on preliminary clinical data with vactosertib, a highly selective and potent inhibitor of TGF-β receptor type 1, in combination with pembrolizumab, this study aimed to explore a biomarker with predictive value for this regimen in metastatic microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Tumor biopsy samples were obtained from 24 CRC patients at baseline and cycle 2 in the ongoing MP-VAC-204 study and analyzed by RNAseq and DNAseq. Consensus molecular subtype (CMS), TGF-β responsive gene signatures, IFN-γ signatures, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were analyzed. Clinically benefited patients were defined by those who achieved objective response assessed by RECIST v1.1/iRECIST or progression free survival more than 24 weeks. Vactosertib responsive gene signature (VRGS) that showed significantly different expression among previously identified TGF-β responsive gene signature and IFN-γ signature in responders than in non-responders was identified and VRGS score was calculated by a mean value of VRGS filtered-in gene expressions divided by 6 house-keeping gene expressions. Results As of July 1, 2020, of the total evaluable 24 patients, 71% were CMS4 subtype and 33% were with high TMB (≥10 mut/Mb). Clinical benefit rate was 33.3% including 3 PR and 1 iPR patients. No significant associations in response rate were observed with CMS subtypes or TMB status. VRGS score was significantly enriched in responders than in non-responders (P value = 0.006; AUC = 0.836). A preliminary cut-off value of 2.179 resulted in 94% specificity and 75% sensitivity with 85.7% patients correctly classifying as a responder. After treatment of vactosertib plus pembrolizumab, TGF-β-related VRGS was significantly decreased and the extent of decrease was greater in responders, compared to non-responders. Ethics Approval The study was approved by Ethics Board of Asan Medical Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital with approval number 2018-1215, 4-2018-0728, SMC 2018-07-146-006, and B-1808/487-003, respectively. Conclusions Development of VRGS as a predictive biomarker for this combination treatment with vactosertib and pembrolizumab is ongoing and its potential clinical utility for patient selection will be explored. Trial Registration NCT03724851

Background Targeting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is reported to augment the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) through either enhanced anti-tumor immunity or the correction of tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, the combination of vactosertib, a highly selective TGF-β RI kinase inhibitor, and durvalumab is anticipated to improve anti-tumor activity of the ICI. A phase 1b/2a study was conducted to evaluate the combination of vactosertib and durvalumab in patients with advanced NSCLC who progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods Patients were treated with vactosertib at a dose of 200 mg twice daily (five days on and two days off) and durvalumab at a dose of 1500 mg every four weeks. Eligible patients were ≥19 years old with good performance status (ECOG 0–1) and have no prior exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors or other TGF- β R1 kinase inhibitors. The objectives of this analysis were to evaluate the safety, antitumor activity including objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), and time to response (TTR) as well as circulating pharmacodynamic biomarkers related to TGF-β signaling. Response was assessed per RECIST (v1.1). Results By August 4 2020, twenty-six PD-L1 positive (SP263 assay) patients were analyzed. Median age was 61.5 years (range 48–83), 69.2% were male, median number of previous lines of chemotherapy was 1 (range 1–4), and all patients were PD-L1 positive (15 patients with PD-L1≥25% and 11 patients with PD-L1 1–24%). The most frequently reported treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) were itching (38.5%) and skin rash (34.6%), but no Gr≥3 itching and rash were observed. Each case of the following was reported as Grade 3 TRAEs: adrenal insufficiency, anemia, and pneumonitis; Grade 4 TRAE, CPK increase, was observed in one patient. Objective response rate was 30.8% and 40.0% in patients with PD-L1≥1% and ≥25% respectively. Circulating PAI-1 and CTGF evaluated in 15 patients decreased significantly on Cycle 1 day 5. Ongoing biomarker results will be presented. Conclusions The combination of vactosertib and durvalumab has demonstrated a manageable safety profile and encouraging anti-tumor activity as a potential therapeutic strategy in patients with advanced NSCLC. The efficacy outcomes of this combination in a larger number of patients with advanced NSCLC will be followed. Trial Registration NCT03732274 Ethics Approval The study was approved by Ethics Board of Severance Hospital (4-2018-0892), National Cancer Center (NCC2019-0057), St. Vincent’s Hospital (VC19MDDF0205), and Chungbuk National University Hospital (2019-08-015).

Children with higher socioemotional competence are more likely to build constructive relationships with others and experience more positive adjustment outcomes in later periods. Securely attached children are likely to develop better socioemotional competence, but genetic moderation of associations between attachment and later socioemotional competence has received less attention. Using structural equation modeling, this study analyzed data collected from 1,337 children (51% male) born from 1998 to 2000 in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study. The results demonstrated that relations between attachment security at age 3 years and their social competence at age 5 years differed by two serotonin transporter variants (5-HTTLPR, STin2). Effect sizes of these interactions were larger than effect sizes of main effects and the benefit of having sensitive alleles was consistently supported. This implies that having more secure attachment in the early developmental period is advantageous especially for children with minor alleles who have greater environmental sensitivity.

Research demonstrates significant associations between coparenting conflict and child adjustment problems. However, the implications of youth adjustment for coparenting, especially during youth’s adolescence, remain poorly understood. Addressing several gaps in the literature, this study examines the longitudinal trajectory of mothers’ and fathers’ reported coparenting conflict from youth ages 10–17 and tests bidirectional associations between youth social anxiety, hostility, risk-taking behaviors, and mothers’ and fathers’ coparenting conflict. Participants include 757 mothers, fathers, and youth in two-parent families (M youth age = 11.28, SD = 0.49; 53% female) who participated in 5 waves of data collection when youth were in the 6th to 9th grades. Multilevel growth curve models revealed significant non-linear change in mothers’ and fathers’ coparenting conflict, such that coparenting conflict declined through youth’s transition to adolescence, leveled off in early adolescence, and declined in the mid-late adolescent years. Cross-lagged models showed significant positive associations between youth social anxiety and hostility and coparenting conflict at the following time point, but coparenting conflict did not predict later youth adjustment problems in these domains. There were significant bidirectional associations between mother-reported coparenting conflict and youth risk-taking behaviors; the associations between coparenting conflict and risk-taking were not significant for fathers. The findings demonstrate that investigating longitudinal associations between youth adjustment and coparenting conflict may provide new insights into the role of child effects for mothers’ and fathers’ coparenting experiences.

This chapter explores Kim Tongin’s (re-)invention of Western aestheticism in colonial modern Korea in his literary and literary-critical works from the late 1910s to the 1930s. I relate Kim’s notion of the autonomy of art to the prevailing ideological concepts of the day—that is, the East Asian versions of the liberal concept of freedom and the social Darwinist ideology of power. The second part of the chapter considers the enduring legacy of Kim’s aestheticism in the later entrenchment of the opposition between pure art and engaged art during the authoritarian era. It argues for the potential of aestheticism in deconstructing this dichotomy and in differently politicizing art, a la Ranciere, by further diversifying and broadening the meaning of politics in/as art.

Research has shown that the transition to parenthood is a particularly challenging period of life which is often associated with a decline in relationship quality and an increase in mental health problems. Emerging parents often experience difficulties in coping with new tasks and challenges in the relationship, resulting in inadequate mutual support, stress, conflicts and even depressive symptoms. To support expectant parents in establishing an effective and strong coparenting alliance, we have employed an educational coparenting intervention to teach important coparenting skills. The intervention was a non-randomized case-control study with 126 expectant parents. The intervention group participated in a five-session intervention, whereas the control group received an information booklet and had an optional meeting postpartum. The purpose of this study was to ease the transition to parenthood in order to prevent postpartum conflict and depression. Parents in the intervention group (n = 34 couples) showed significantly fewer conflicts postpartum than before (Z = -3.28, p = 0.00), and scored better in postnatal delegated dyadic coping (β = 0.25, p = 0.00, R2 = 0.32), a form of mutual support. Neither the intervention group (Z = -0.83, p = 0.40) nor the control group (Z = -0.86, p = 0.38) showed a significant increase in depression scores after childbirth. Although conflicts during the transition to parenthood declined and postnatal delegated dyadic coping strengthened, the study design does not allow to draw conclusion on group effects. Nevertheless, the promising results of this pilot intervention are a base for future studies.

In the era of precision medicine, the prediction of ovarian function recovery from chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea using feasible biological markers may be helpful to optimise the treatment strategy for young patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of post-chemotherapy biological markers for predicting the recovery of ovarian function in breast cancer patients of the ASTRRA trial, with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea. Using data of 82 participants from a single institution in the ASTRRA trial, the post-chemotherapy serum levels of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), oestradiol, inhibin B and other clinical factors associated with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea were evaluated. Recovery of ovarian function was defined by the resumption of menstruation manifested by vaginal bleeding. Fifty-two patients regained menstruation within 55 months after enrolment. In univariate analysis, P = 0.009), oestradiol ≥37 pg/mL (P = 0.003) or AMH ≥800 pg/mL (P = 0.026) were associated with recovery of menstruation. On multivariate analysis, oestradiol (hazard ratio: 3.171, 95% CI: 1.306–7.699, P = 0.011) and AMH (hazard ratio: 2.853, 95% CI: 1.011–8.046, P = 0.048) remained as significant independent predictors for resumption of menstruation. The diagnostic accuracy of age, oestradiol and AMH in predicting the resumption of menstruation was 38.3, 23.3 and 86.7%, respectively. In conclusion, post-chemotherapy AMH level might be a relatively accurate predictor of the recovery of ovarian function, presented by resumption of menstruation in breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea.

This article examines five South Korean TV programs, The Age of Global Success, Love in Asia, Asia Hunter, KOICA’s Dream, and Saving Mrs. Go Bongshil, all of which belong to varied and hybrid genres such as news magazine, serialized documentary, reality show, and television drama. Due to its partially elevated status as a middlebrow medium and its ability to combine multiple functions such as entertainment, information, education, and social engineering, South Korean television is a more socially influential popular medium than its Western counterparts. I argue that South Korean popular culture, as represented by these television programs, produces, circulates, and promotes the meanings of respective nation-states (e.g., South Korea, Vietnam, Sri Lanka) and of Asia as a bloc in relation to the region’s ongoing economic and cultural globalization. The following five aspects of South Korea’s relationship to the less developed parts of Asia emerge in the popular culture of the television medium: Southeast Asian and other Asian migrant/immigrant/off-shore labor for South Korea, and the distinct ways in which some are made visible and others invisible; popular cultural imaginings of a pan-Korean regional-global network; popular cultural production of a pan-Asian imaginary; South Korean humanitarianism and its subimperializing dimensions; and dissemination of popular culture within and outside South Korea—that is, the emergence of popular culture as a significant instrument of imaging South Korea as a subempire. I conclude by offering a couple of broad speculations on the changing and varied meanings of subempire for contemporary South Korea.

Introduction: Desmoid tumor is a rare aggressive tumor where there is no satisfying systemic treatment. Previous studies showed increased expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the desmoid tumor. Here, we analyzed genomic and transcriptomic data of tumor samples from patients with desmoid tumor to evaluate therapeutic applicability of inhibition of TGF-β response. Methods: We collected pre-treatment desmoid tumor samples from 31 patients in Yonsei cancer center, (YCC)-desmoid cohort and performed targeted next-generation sequencing and whole RNA sequencing. To compare the data with other cancer types, we used whole exome sequencing and whole RNA sequencing data from sarcoma patients from Yonsei Cancer Center (YCC-sarcoma cohort, n = 17 and n =53, respectively) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 9,235). Transcriptomic data was normalized throughout the three cohorts to reduce batch effect. To evaluate the enrichment of TGF-β responsive signature (TBRS) in tumor and microenvironment, we calculated the mean expression values of fibroblast-TBRS (F-TBRS) from previous study. Results: In the two sarcoma cohorts (YCC-desmoid and YCC-sarcoma cohorts), desmoid tumor samples had the highest F-TBRS score among the various types of sarcoma. When compared with other cancer types in TCGA, desmoid tumor samples showed the higher F-TBRS than all other cancer types except for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In the desmoid tumor samples, CTNNB1, GNAQ, and APC mutations were the top 3 frequent mutations (23, 19, and 2 samples, respectively). In the merged two sarcoma cohorts, CTNNB1/APC mutation and GNAQ mutation were both associated with higher enrichment in F-TBRS (p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Desmoid tumors are enriched with expression of genes associated with TGF-β response of fibroblast compared with other cancer types including other sarcomas. In addition, CTNNB1, APC and GNAQ mutations were associated with higher enrichment in TBRS. Therapeutic intervention to decrease the TGF-β response of fibroblast by using TGF-β receptor inhibitor may show clinical benefit in patients with desmoid tumors. Citation Format: Changhee Park, Kum-Hee Yun, Sanghoon Song, Jin Kyung Lee, Jiyeon Ryu, Bitna Oh, Sunjin Hwang, Ki Baik Hahm, Seung-Jin Kim, Seung Hyun Kim, Chan-Young Ock, Hyo-Song Kim. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of desmoid tumor reveals enrichment of transforming growth factor beta responsive signature [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2250.