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In this article, the objective is to read The Lives of Others (2014) by Neil Mukherjee as a representative text of the Naxalbari movement (1965-1975) of Bengal. The Naxalbari movement was the first peasant insurgency within twenty years of Indian independence that developed into a movement of dissent (1965-75), opposing the existing class hierarchy. The article analyses how violence became one of the chief tools in the movement dedicated to creating an egalitarian society and the state's response to it in order to maintain the political status quo. For this purpose, the article gives a brief overview of the political movements in India, followed by the Naxalbari movement through the lens of violence. Through The Lives of Others, it shows the aporia by showing the futility of violence. Thus, the argument of the article is centred on in an interaction between the historical narrative regarding violence in the Naxalbari movement and its depiction in one of the texts of Indian Literature in English. El objetivo de este artículo es leer The Lives of Others (2014) [Las vidas de otros], de Neil Mukherjee, como un texto representativo del movimiento Naxalbari (1965-1975) de Bengala. El movimiento Naxalbari fue la primera insurgencia campesina en veinte años de independencia india, y se convirtió en un movimiento de disidencia (1965-75) contra la jerarquía de clases existente. Se analiza, pues, cómo la violencia evolucionó hasta convertirse en una de las principales herramientas de un movimiento dedicado a crear una sociedad igualitaria, y la respuesta del Estado para mantener el statu quo político. Con este propósito, se ofrece una breve descripción de los movimientos políticos de la India, seguidos por el movimiento Naxalbari, bajo la óptica de la violencia. A través de The Lives of Others, se demuestra la aporía de la sinrazón de la violencia. De esta forma, el artículo gira en torno a la interacción entre la narrativa histórica sobre la violencia en el movimiento Naxalbari y su reflejo en uno de los textos de la literatura india en lengua inglesa.

Severo Martínez and Mario Payeras were two Guatemalan intellectuals who addressed different aspects of the political problem in their country. Martinez was interested in the problem of the oppressed during the colonial era, as a space of resistance and struggle; while Payeras, in his political texts, was concerned with analyzing the indigenous to integrate them into the National Liberation guerrilla project that he led. This marks some conceptual differences in their respective analyses. This paper seeks to understand the approaches of both in order to point out the uses they give to the conceptualization of the indigenous problem. This article is a product of the research program "C0195 - The long Cold War in Costa Rica: state, social democratic populism, representations and international communism, 1934-1978", registered in the Central Americas Historical Research Center (CIHAC) of the University of Costa Rica. Resumen Severo Martínez y Mario Payeras fueron dos intelectuales guatemaltecos que abordaron distintos aspectos del problema político en su país. Martínez se interesó en el problema de los oprimidos durante la época colonial, como espacio de resistencia y lucha; mientras que Payeras, en sus textos políticos, se preocupó por analizar al indígena para integrarlo en el proyecto guerrillero de Liberación Nacional que él lideró. Esto marca algunas diferencias conceptuales en sus respectivos análisis. Este trabajo busca comprender los abordajes de ambos con el fin de apuntar los usos que dan a la conceptualización del problema indígena. Este artículo es un producto del programa de investigación C0195 - La Larga Guerra Fría en Costa Rica: estado, populismo socialdemócrata, representaciones y comunismo internacional, 1934-1978, inscrito en la Vicerrectoría de Investigación por el Centro de Investigaciones Históricas de América Central (CIHAC) de la Universidad de Costa Rica.

Embryonic pathways; Paediatric cancer; Soft tissue sarcomas Vies embrionàries; Càncer pediàtric; Sarcomes de teixits tous Vías embrionarias; Cáncer pediátrico; Sarcomas de tejidos blandos Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is known to play an oncogenic role in a wide range of cancers; in the particular case of rhabdomyosarcoma, this pathway has been demonstrated to be an important player for both oncogenesis and cancer progression. In this review, after a brief description of the pathway and the characteristics of its molecular components, we describe, in detail, the main activation mechanisms that have been found in cancer, including ligand-dependent, ligand-independent and non-canonical activation. In this context, the most studied inhibitors, i.e., SMO inhibitors, have shown encouraging results for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma, both tumour types often associated with mutations that lead to the activation of the pathway. Conversely, SMO inhibitors have not fulfilled expectations in tumours—among them sarcomas—mostly associated with ligand-dependent Hh pathway activation. Despite the controversy existing regarding the results obtained with SMO inhibitors in these types of tumours, several compounds have been (or are currently being) evaluated in sarcoma patients. Finally, we discuss some of the reasons that could explain why, in some cases, encouraging preclinical data turned into disappointing results in the clinical setting. This article was funded by grants from: Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/00398 and FI18/00178); ACCIÓ (COMRDI15-1-0014); Fundació la Marató de TV3; Fundació Albert Bosch; Rotary Clubs Barcelona Eixample, Barcelona Diagonal, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, München-Blutenburg, Deutschland Gemeindienst e.V. and others from Barcelona and province; Fundation Amics Joan Petit; Del Hospital a la cathedral Initiative by Xavi Vallès; and Mi compañero de viaje Association.

Background Psychological symptoms are common in women with breast cancer and profoundly affect their role in the family and wider community, varying across cultural backgrounds. Breast cancer is becoming the most common cancer among women in India. We aimed to understand the cultural context within which Indian women with breast cancer living in India, experience psychological concerns from the perspectives of healthcare professionals, volunteers and church members. Methods Five focus groups were conducted in South India (clinicians (2 groups)) lay public (3 groups). A topic guide was explored: understanding of breast cancer, experiences of patients with regard to diagnosis and treatment and psychological impact. Groups were audio-recorded and verbatim transcribed. Lay groups were conducted in Malayalam with translation and back-translation. Transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis using “cultural task analysis” as a lens for analysis. Results Forty-five (oncologists (5), nurses (10), church members (16) and community volunteers working in a palliative care unit (14) participated. Three major themes psychosocial issues related to diagnosis, psychosocial impact of cancer treatment and coping with diagnosis and treatment and nine subthemes emerged from the two groups. All described psychological impact on women with breast cancer including body image, change of family role and their need for support. Family and faith were recognised as the major framework providing key support but also significant stress. Clinicians were also concerned about financial implications and issues around early cancer detection. Laypeople and nurses also commented that poor communication and lack of empathy from doctors aggravated distress. Conclusion Clinical and lay communities were aware of the widespread psychological impact affecting women with breast cancer which are amplified by the patriarchal context within which they live, which extends into clinical practice. Family and faith provide a strong support structure and are a cause of distress, as core roles and expectations are challenged by this disease of womanhood.

Among the many film industries of South Asia, the Indian film industry is the most prolific, specifically Hindi language film, more commonly known as Bollywood, which produces almost four hundred films annually. Bollywood films dominate the national market. These films have also been exported successfully to parts of the Middle East, Africa, and the Asiatic regions of the former Soviet Union, as well as to Canada, Australia, the UK, and the US. The success of these films abroad is largely down to the presence of Indian communities living in these regions; as the conventional melodramatic plot structures, dance numbers and musicals tend to deter Western audiences.

There There, Cheyenne and Arapaho writer Tommy Orange’s first novel, has been praised as "an astonishing literary debut" (Margaret Atwood), a "tense, prismatic book" (New York Times), a "breathtaking, haunting and gripping story" (Publishers Weekly), and has received multiple literary awards since its publication in 2018. This article explores Tommy Orange’s way of writing the Indian (back) into presence, in response to a “metaphorical,” as well as very “material” (Arif Dirlik) deletion of the “inconvenient Indian” (Thomas King) along centuries of American history. The discussion focuses on Tommy Orange’s understanding of storytelling as a way of continuing “Indian Wars” (E. Cook-Lynn) with the pen. Storytelling is a revisionist act in that it implicitly denies the stereotype of the vanishing race and re-places the Indigenous American not in a(n impossible) pre-colonial past, but in the land with which the Native has never ceased to remain connected. The characters’ stories, some in an autobiographical tone, others in the third person, narrate the Natives as “a present-tense people” (TT 141), grappling with a traumatic, far-from-romanticized past and present, but all the more alive for that.

Purpose To study the corneal epithelial thickness with 9-mm scans of optical coherence tomography in normal Indians with appropriate representation of all age groups. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study. 263 patients were divided into the age groups 5-20 years, 21-35 years, 36-50 years and more than 51 years were recruited for the study. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination. Patients found to have any ocular surface or intraocular disease condition (except cataract and refractive error), or who had undergone any ophthalmic surgery in the past, or had corneal topography changes suggestive of corneal ectasias (screened in patients with astigmatism more than 3 diopters) or had been continuously using any topical medication in either eye for a period of 3 months or more with the last instillation being within 1 month of inclusion in the study were excluded. All subjects underwent corneal epithelial thickness measurement with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) on the Avanti OCT (Model RTVueXR1002, Optovue, USA). The corneal epithelial thickness (CET) data from 25 sectors in each eye were analyzed. Results 263 right and left eyes of 263 patients were analyzed in the study. Mean CETs in the central 2 mm zone were 54.13 ± 4.51 μm and 54.37 ± 3.75 μm for the right and left eyes, respectively. The superior peripheral sectors and inferior paracentral sectors were the thinnest and the thickest sectors, respectively, in both eyes. Conclusion CET parameters for Indian eyes are comparable to those reported from racially distinct and geographically distant study subjects.

Autumn & Sunny: A Rexdale Song is a young adult romantic novel that follows two working class teens who have a shared love of nineties music and are both grieving. They relate to their community, Rexdale, in different ways. Second generation Jamaican-Canadian, Autumn, lost her eldest brother from gun violence and wants to leave this community. She graduates early so that she can pursue her studies but has secrets, one of which is her poetry. Punjabi born Sunny, a recovering addict who lost his father recently, wants to stay in Rexdale to pursue his rap career. After they experience a racially traumatic incident at a summer camp for grieving teens, they return to Rexdale with a plan— the Grief Cypher— and a renewed desire to seek healing, justice, and love. 2999-01-01

Domestic/family violence is a widespread major public health and human rights violation issue that runs across ethno-cultural affiliations and economic status. Relative to the actual incidence of family violence, use of services is low, and delayed for years after onset, within the broader Victorian and Australian community. Utilization is even lower for women from immigrant and refugee communities. It has been noted that family violence service utilization by Indian women immigrants in particular was especially low, relative to the size of the Indian population in Victoria. With the Indian culture understood to be traditionally a strongly male-dominated culture, it was deemed important to explore the nature of family violence experience of Indian women living in Australia, and culturally determined barriers to use of services. A partnership was formed to explore this issue through a participatory community theatre approach. Forum Theatre is a powerful tool that uses theatre for generating community understanding around hard to address issues such as domestic violence. Using such theatre-based ethnography, we aimed to identify the key issues, challenges and needs of Indian immigrant families when accessing and using services that could assist in situations of domestic/family violence.

Context: Autoantibodies have a role in the diagnosis and prognosis in Autoimmune Inflammatory Myositis (AIM). Aims: The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and clinical correlation of myositis specific and associated antibodies (MSA and MAA) in AIM. Setting and Design: This was a cross-sectional observational study. Methods and Materials: Consecutive AIM patents were divided into groups as dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), CTD-associated myositis (CTD-M), cancer-associated myositis (CAM) and juvenile myositis (JM). Their data along with serum samples were collected after obtaining informed consent. Sera was analyzed for IgG antibodies against Jo-1, PL-7, PL-12, EJ, SRP, Mi-2, MDA-5, TIF1γ, SAE1, SAE2, NXP2 and SSA/R052kD using the microELISA technique. The institutional ethics committee approved the study. Statistical Analysis: SPSS software (version 24.0) was used. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 48 patients (DM = 19, PM = 19, CTD-M = 5, CAM = 2, JM = 3) included. MSA were positive in 37.5% patients. Antibodies against Mi-2 were present in 6 (12.5%), Jo-1 in 5 (10.4%), 2 (4.1%) each had PL-7 and SRP antibodies. One patient (2%) each had MDA-5, NXP2 and TIf1g antibodies. Jo-1 antibody was associated with mechanic's hands and ILD. There was a significant association of rash in the Mi-2 group with none of the patients having ILD. Malignancy screening was negative in NXP2 and TIF1g antibody-positive patients. Ro52 was the most common MAA (33.3%) and was associated with mechanic's hand. Conclusion: MSA was present in almost 40% of the cohort. Anti Jo-1 antibody was associated with mechanic's hands and ILD. None of the Mi-2 patients had ILD, which may point to a protective role of this antibody for ILD. The association of newer antibodies in Indian patients needs to be further studied in larger cohorts.

Background: The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) has been found to possess adequate psychometric properties in low back pain (LBP) patients worldwide. The aim of this study was to translate the questionnaire into a classical Indian language (Odiya) and validate in the Indian population (FreBAQ-I). Materials and Methods: The English edition of the FreBAQ was transformed into Indian classical language (Odiya). One hundred adult patients with chronic LBP were recruited for psychometric evaluation using Rasch analysis. Demographic parameters, clinical characteristics like pain, Oswestry Disability Index, and Beck's depression inventory were assessed along with responses to the study questionnaire. Results: The FreBAQ-I correlated well with intensity of pain (r = −0.19, P = 0.04), duration of the LBP (r = 0.35, P < 0.001), depression score (r = 0.25, P = 0.012), but not statitistically with disability (r = 0.06, P = 0.49). The fit statistics was neither excessively positive nor negative, and the average agreeability measure of the study participants progressed as presumed across the different categories. Internal consistency of the FreBAQ-I version was found to be good with a person reliability of 0.54 and Cronbach's alpha of 0.91. Conclusions: Patients with greater disturbed body perception are addressed adequately by the questionnaire. All nine items are essential and adequate, which makes the survey complete, although item 2 was found to be endorsed more often. Overall, the FreBAQ-I has suitable psychometric properties in Indian populations with chronic LBP.

Este trabajo analiza, en primer lugar y de manera general, la conceptualización legal del indio en la etapa colonial y, en segundo, sus reminiscencias en las defensas de algunos abogados durante la primera República Federal mexicana (1824-1835) en una región particular del estado de San Luis Potosí. En efecto, se pretende estudiar los ecos de lo “miserable” y “rústico”, dos categorías fundamentales para diferenciar a los indios en la época de sujeción española, en los alegatos de varios abogados de indios que actuaron en el contexto nacional en la Huasteca potosina, una región con predominio de población indígena e identificada por la historiografía como uno de los territorios más racistas del estado potosino. This work analyzes, first and generally, the legal conceptualization of the Indian in the colonial period and, second, its reminiscences in the defenses of some lawyers during the first federal Republic (1824-1835) in a particular region of the state of San Luis Potosí. In fact, it is intended to study the echoes of the “miserable” and “rustic”, two fundamental categories to differentiate the Indians in the time of spanish subjection, in the pleadings of several lawyers of Indians who acted in the national context in the Huasteca potosina, a region with a predominance of natural population and identified by historiography as one of the most racist territories of the potosí state. Ce travail analyse, premièrement et de manière générale, la conceptualisation juridique de l'Indien dans la période coloniale et, deuxièmement, ses réminiscences dans les défenses de quelques avocats pendant la première République fédérale (1824-1835) dans une région particulière de l'état de San Luis Potosí. En fait, il s'agit d'étudier les échos du "misérable" et du "rustique", deux catégories fondamentales pour différencier les Indiens à l'époque de la domination espagnole, dans les plaidoiries de plusieurs avocats d'Indiens qui ont agi dans le contexte national dans la Huasteca potosina, une région avec une prédominance de population naturelle et identifiée par l'historiographie comme l'un des territoires les plus racistes de l'état de Potosí.

Resumo Correlacionaremos descolonização africana e literatura indígena brasileira, enfatizando três ideias: o colonialismo é o eixo estruturante da produção do/a negro/a e do/a índio/a enquanto menoridade racialmente justificada, levando à sua invisibilização, ao seu silenciamento e ao seu privatismo, de modo que passam a ser representados/as pelo/a branco/a como seu/sua tutor/a, mestre e senhor/a; a descolonização, que somente pode ser feita pelo grupo-sujeito colonizado, confere todo protagonismo a esse mesmo grupo-sujeito menor que, desde essa condição como chaga e estigma racialmente fundado, publiciza sua voz e dinamiza sua práxis crítico-emancipatória; e a produção estético-literária passa a ser o lugar de autoconstituição normativa e de tematização das condições epistêmico-políticas que produzem-reproduzem as minorias político-culturais, tornando-se instrumento político basilar de enfrentamento do eurocentrismo-colonialismo-racismo. A descolonização, ao enfatizar a voz e o protagonismo do e pelo grupo-sujeito menor, desconstrói a ideia naturalizada de negro/a, índio/a, branco/a etc., mostrando-as como politicidade, relacionalidade, normatividade, historicidade. Abstract We will correlate African decolonization and Brazilian Indian literature, emphasizing three ideas: colonialism is the structuring axis of production of the Black and Indian as minorities racially justified, leading to their invisibilization, silencing and privatism, so they become represented by Whites as their tutor, master and proprietary; decolonization, which only can be made by the colonized group-subject, confers all protagonism to this same minor group-subject that, from this condition as sore and stigma racially-based, publicizes his voice and streamlines his critical-emancipatory praxis; and the aesthetical-literary construction becomes the place for normative self-constitution and thematization of the epistemological-political conditions that produce-reproduce political-cultural minorities, constituting itself as a key political instrument of facing eurocentrism-colonialism-racism. Decolonization, by promoting the voice and protagonism of and for minor group-subject, deconstructs the naturalized idea of Black, Indian, White etc., explicating them as politicity, relationality, normativity, and historicity. Resumen Correlacionaremos la descolonización africana y la literatura indígena brasileña, enfatizando tres ideas: el colonialismo es el eje estructurador de la producción del negro y del indio como minoría racialmente justificada, lo que lleva a su invisibilidad, su silenciamiento y su privatismo, de forma que son representados por el blanco como su tutor, maestro y señor; la descolonización, que solo puede ser realizada por el grupo-sujeto colonizado, confiere todo el protagonismo a este mismo grupo-sujeto menor que, desde esta condición como un estigma racialmente fundado, publicita su voz y dinamiza su praxis crítico-emancipatoria; y la producción estético-literaria se convierte en el lugar de la autoconstitución normativa y la tematización de las condiciones político-epistémicas que producen-reproducen a las minorías político-culturales, convirtiéndose en un instrumento político básico del enfrentamiento al eurocentrismo-colonialismo-racismo. La descolonización, al enfatizar la voz y el protagonismo de y por el grupo-sujeto menor, deconstruye la idea naturalizada de negro, indio, blanco, etc., mostrándolos como politicidad, relacionalidad, normatividad, historicidad.

Introduction: There is a growing body of evidence against using World Health Organization (WHO) charts for developing nations. Our objectives were: 1) To compare nutritional status of -0.5 (clinically significant), whereas on WHO charts all wealth classes had WHZ

Background Bariatric surgery, besides causing significant weight reduction, leads to improvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is a scarcity of data on the prediction of diabetes resolution in non-Western population. Objective To evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on T2DM and to assess the accuracy of pre-operative scoring systems in predicting remission. Study setting A tertiary care academic centre, India. Methodology We used a retrospective cohort of all diabetic patients (n = 244) who underwent bariatric surgery at our centre in the past 10 years. The cohort was followed up for diabetes remission, and pre-operative scoring systems were analysed against the observed results. Results Of 244 patients, we were able to contact 156 patients. The median period of follow-up was 38 months. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the study group decreased from 45.4 to 33.4 kg/m2 (%excess BMI loss = 61.2%). The number of patients dependent on oral anti-diabetic pharmacotherapy and on insulin decreased from 133 (85.3%) to 40 (25.6%) and from 31 (19.9%) to 7 (4.5%), respectively. Remission was analysed for 96 patients, who submitted complete biochemical investigations. The median follow-up period for this sub-cohort was 36 months. 38 (39.6%) patients were in complete remission, 15 (15.6%) patients in partial remission and 34 (38.5%) patients showed an improved glycaemic control. The three pre-operative scores, Advanced-DiaRem, DiaRem and ABCD, showed predictive accuracies of 81.1%, 75.6% and 77.8%, respectively. Conclusions Besides leading to excess BMI loss of 61.2%, bariatric surgery also resulted in diabetes remission in 55.2% of the patients. Amongst various pre-operative scores, Advanced-DiaRem has the highest predictive accuracy for T2DM remission.

Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is the most common, idiopathic, acquired photodermatosis, characterized by abnormal, recurrent, and delayed reaction to sunlight. Polymorphous light eruption is common worldwide but the morphology, distribution, and pigmentary changes are unique in Indian skin which is discussed in this review. The prevalence of PMLE is around 10–20% in the general population. It commonly occurs in females between 20and 30 years of age. It is the most common photodermatosis in school-going children. Visible light sensitivity is an important phenomenon in PMLE. It typically presents as recurrent and chronic lesions over photoexposed sites. Initially, patchy erythema occurs with pruritus. Most of the Indians belong to type IV to type VI skin and pigmentary changes are commonly seen. The unique feature of PMLE in Indian skin is the pigmentary change which varies from hypopigmented to hyperpigmented lesions. These pigmentary changes may occur alone or in combination with erythematous or skin-colored lesions. The pigmentary lesions are seen in more than 50% of lesions. The histopathology of PMLE is characterized by the presence of hyperkeratosis, spongiosis with or without the presence of liquefactive degeneration in the epidermis. Dermal changes in the upper and mid dermis include the presence of dense perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. The management of PMLE includes both preventive measures and medical management. Topical sunscreens, topical steroids, hydroxychloroquine and antioxidants play a very important role.

Context: Studying in detail the root canal morphology specific to the Indian mandibular molars will help discern whether the root canal anatomy patterns resemble those reported internationally or are different from it. Aim: The aim is to study the root canal anatomy of Indian permanent mandibular first, second, and third molar teeth using a tooth clearing technique. Methods: The root canals of a total of 300 extracted Indian mandibular molars consisting of 100 first, second, and third molars each were accessed and injected with India ink, after which they were subjected to the clearing technique. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics for the computation of percentages using SPSS version 21. Results: Of the hundred first molars, 90% of teeth were two rooted with three canals, 79% had two apical foramina. 70% mesial roots of the three-rooted type showed Type I, whereas 100% distal roots and distolingual roots showed Type I Vertucci’s anatomy. About 70% mesial roots of two roots showed Type II and 90% distal canals showed Type I configuration. Among the second molars, five (5%) were single-rooted, ninety-one (91%) teeth were two rooted and four (4%) had three roots. Among the mandibular third molars, fifteen (15%) teeth had one root, sixty-three (63%) teeth had two roots, eighteen (18%) teeth had three roots, and four (4%) teeth had four roots. Conclusions: The root canal anatomic features of mandibular molars showed differences in the frequency of particular anatomic types as compared to mandibular molars from other racial backgrounds. Further comparative studies on inter-racial anatomic characteristics from various geographic locations would be beneficial.

BackgroundBreast cancer is the commonest form of cancer among women globally, including in India. The rising incidence in the developing world is thought to be due to increased life expectancy, urbanisation, and adoption of western lifestyles. A recent systematic review found that Indian women living in India or as immigrants in Canada experienced a range of psychological distresses both ameliorated and exacerbated by cultural issues personally, within the family, within their community, and in the context of faith, and only two of the five qualitative studies explored the experience of women with breast cancer living in India. Distress may also affect treatment compliance.AimThe aim of the study was to explore the psychological distresses experienced by Indian women with breast cancer living in Kerala, South India, during and after treatment and to understand better what helped to relieve or increase these distresses.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with 20 consenting women undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Purposive sampling was used to obtain maximum variation in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Interviews were verbatim transcribed, translated into English, and back-translated to Malayalam to ensure that the meaning had not been lost. English data were analysed using thematic frame work analysis and synthesised to provide a deeper understanding of the individuals’ experience.ResultsThree major themes emerged from the data. The first major theme was ‘far-reaching psychological distress’. This included anxiety, guilt, anger, and depression in response to the disease and physical side effects of treatment and issues relating to body image, especially hair loss and sexuality. The second major theme was ‘getting on with life’. Women tried to make sense of the disease, by actively seeking information, the role of medical professionals, and their practical adaptations. Many found a new future and a new way to live normal. The third major theme was the ‘support system’ strongly based on family, friends, faith, and the community which affect them positively as well as negatively.ConclusionPsychological concerns related to disease and treatment are common in Indian women with particular emphasis on body image issues associated with hair loss. Family and faith were key support systems for almost all the women, although it could also be the causes of distress.

Purpose: To study the prevalence of group B streptococci (GBS) in Indian pregnant women and associated risk factors. Methods: Four hundred and fifty pregnant women attending antenatal outpatient/inpatient department between 35-38 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. All enrolled subjects were assessed by a predefined proforma for their demographics, socio-economic characteristics, education, toilet habits, obstetric history and clinical outcome. Two cotton swabs each from lower vagina and rectum were collected and plated on selective solid media CHROM agar Strept B (CHROMagarTM) and selective Enrichment Broth LIM RambaQUICK StreptB broth (CHROMagarTM). Presumptive identification of GBS was growth of 1-3 mm grayish white β-hemolytic colonies on BAP or mauve coloured colonies on CHROM agar Strept B. All presumptively identified GBS were confirmed as group B streptococcus by automated identification system-Vitek MS (Bio Merieux). Results: The recto vaginal colonization rate of GBS in this study was observed as 3.3% (n=15). GBS colonization was significantly associated with nulliparous women (p= 0.026) and use of western style toilet (p=0.017). GBS urinary tract infections was also seen more commonly in women with GBS rectovaginal colonization (p=0.002). Conclusion: Due to the low GBS prevalence and no significant association with major risk factors, we recommend to institute universal screening of GBS in pregnant women, instead of risk based screening. Since this was a single centric study with low prevalence of GBS, its applicability may be limited, therefore further larger multi-centric prospective studies are required to understand the true GBS prevalence in Indian society.

Highlights • Simultaneous occurrence of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas in the same lobe are very rare. • First case series of simultaneous occurrence of these two types of thyroid cancer in the Middle East and North Africa Region. • Endocrinologists and pathologists should be aware of and vigilant to this variety. • Occurrence of both types together shifts patients from low risk to intermediate or high risk which may reflect on management., Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) are the first and second most common thyroid cancers comprising about 85% and 10% of all thyroid cancers. Simultaneous occurrence of medullary and papillary thyroid cancer has been reported with various presentations, but simultaneous occurrence of FTC in addition to PTC as differentiated cancers, is an unusual event that is rarely reported. Presentation of cases We report our experience of six rare cases of synchronous coexistence of FTC and PTC with unique features. Case 1 is 31 old Egyptian female. Case 2 is a 61 year old Sudanese male. Case 3 is a 59 year old Sudanese male. Case 4 is a 56 years old Indian female. Case 5 is a 35 years old Filipina female. Case 6 is a 52 years old Qatari female. The six cases are special in their co-occurrence of two thyroid carcinoma, consisting of histologic features of follicular thyroid carcinomas, and classical papillary thyroid carcinoma, possibly the first case series of simultaneous occurrence of these two types of thyroid cancer in the Middle East and North Africa Region. Conclusions We present rare cases of concurrent FTC and PTC. These six cases add more data highlighting the coincidental simultaneous coexistence of FTC and PTC. Endocrinologists and pathologists should be aware of and vigilant to this variety.

The current study aimed to determine the level of fear of COVID-19 among Indian residents using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and compare it with demographic variables. This cross-sectional online survey conducted among the Indian population employed a convenient snowball sampling technique. Age, gender, marital status, educational qualifications, health care worker status and state of residence were the demographic details (six items) collected. The seven-item FCV-19S was used to assess fear regarding COVID−19 on a five-point Likert scale. The mean score for the responses was calculated and compared based on demographic variables. A comparison of low and high levels of fear and a multiple logistic regression analysis of levels of fear with demographic variables were conducted. p

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS–CoV-2) infection. The United States (US) currently has more officially reported cases and deaths from COVID-19 than any other country in the world. The rural Southwestern American Indian (SAI) tribes are disproportionately affected, due to genetics, immunological naivety, social determinants of health, and high prevalence of concomitant comorbidities and co-exposures (1). On March 30, 2020, the New Mexico Governor, Michelle Lujan Grisham, informed the US President Donald Trump of the “incredible spikes” in cases of COVID-19 within the Navajo Nation in the rural Four Corners region of the American Southwest (2). The Governor warned that the disease “... could wipe out those tribal nations.” Use of COVID-19 testing as an approach to combating the pandemic is supported by an Iceland-based epidemiological study, and endorsed by the World Health Organization (3). Rural states in the US rank …

De primaire focus van dit proefschrift is het onderzoeken van de politieke ideeën van BG Tilak (1856-1920), de congres-extremistische leider van de Indiase nationalistische beweging en, in het proces, de politieke en intellectuele geschiedenis van Maharashtra en India te reconstrueren tijdens de late 19e en begin 20e eeuw. Deze dissertatie daagt de oudere stijlfiguur uit die Tilak binnen de reikwijdte van de meerderheid van de hindoe-nationalistische politiek plaatst. Het plaatst zijn sociale conservatisme in de heersende sociale overtuigingen van en liturgische lezingen aangeboden door de laat 19e-eeuwse Marathi openbare intellectuelen. De belangrijkste agenda van Tilak was de creatie van een gecollectiviseerd en geradicaliseerd hindoe-zelf, geponeerd tegen het Britse kolonialisme. Zijn creatieve versmelting van moderne westerse historische exegese met Sanskriet kennissystemen in het pleiten voor hoge oudheid voor de Arische beschaving worden onderzocht. Zijn commentaar op de Bhagavad Gītā bood een infusie van ethische principes in massaal politiek activisme. Tilak slaagde erin om provinciale parochialisme ten opzichte van pan-nationale identiteiten te verminderen. Ten slotte stelt dit proefschrift dat het nationalistische ideaal van Tilak beperkt was tot Svarājya of Zelfbeschikking voor India binnen het Britse Gemenebest.

Homosexuality, which was considered to be deviant sexual behaviour, has been recognized as normal sexual behavior in recent years. Despite this change in scientific viewpoint, there are still many taboos centered around this entity. Even the research concerning homosexuality seemingly suffered discrimination. This research attempts to understand the trend of research in homosexuality in the SAARC countries todate.We did a literature search in the PubMed database since the time of inception till date (28th September 2021) by using the search terms: homosexuality [tiab] and (Bangladesh [tiab] OR India [tiab] or Maldives [tiab] OR Afghanistan [tiab] OR Pakistan [tiab] or Sri Lanka [tiab] OR Bhutan [tiab] or Nepal [tiab]). A total of 67 articles were found from the database. Most articles were published in the Journal of homosexuality (n=4).The articles were published between 1976 to 2020, with the highest number of publications (n=5) in 2009 and 2018. The average number of authors per article was 2.433, and the average number of citations per paper was 2.866.Though homosexuality is a highly sensitive issue, there is a paucity of research in this field in the SAARC countries.

In this paper, I look at how Muslims in Tamil Nadu asserted both Indian and Tamil identity in their struggle against a discriminatory law called Citizenship Amendment Act, which was passed in Indian parliament in 2022. By engaging in a discourse analysis of a political oratory in a protest in Chennai, this paper explicates the way in which these identities are asserted and arrayed against the law, suffused with the anxieties and hopes of Muslim minorities. This paper also analyzes why do Muslims disavow from asserting their Muslimness as a political identity even when they are continued to be oppressed because of that identity. By analyzing it, this paper argues that Hindu nationalism nourishes itself by what I call as Cannibalization of Muslim visibility, a phenomenon which animates not only the Hindu majoritarianism of Right, but also the secular - liberal discourses of the center and the left.

На основе системного подхода дана краткая характеристика космологических представлений и центральных сюжетов трёх основных этапов формирования индийской мифологии – ведийского, индуистского и буддистского. Раскрыто значение древнеиндийских религиозных вероучений в становлении философской традиции и развитии литературы и художественного искусства Древнего Востока., Research is based on a systematic approach and provided a brief description of cosmological representations and central plots of the Indian mythology stages - Vedic, Hindu and Buddhist. The significance of the ancient Indian religious creeds is in the formation of the philosophical tradition and the development of literature and art of the Ancient East., Вестник научной мысли, Выпуск 6 2022, Pages 962-964

Sedmogodišnji rat, još poznat kao Francusko-indijanski rat, je vjerojatno bio najvažniji događaj 18. stoljeća u Sjevernoj Americi. Iako su se u ratu sukobljavale britanske i francuske kolonije, Indijanci su imali ključnu ulogu u sukobu. Dapače, jedan od Delaware poglavica je taj koji je uzrokovao neprijateljstvo između kolonija 1754. kada je ubio francuskog poslanika kako bi učvrstio svoj položaj vođe. Njihovo savezništvo s Francuzima u ranim godinama rata je omogućilo Francuzima da preuzmu kontrolu nad dolinom Ohio i da napadaju britanske doseljenike na graničnim područjima. Britanci su bili u lošoj situaciji sve do 1757. kada Francuzi gube indijansku potporu. Novi francuski zapovjednik, Montcalm, nije mario za indijanske ratnike te je učinio pogrešku, podcjenjivajući ih i uskrativši im nagradu nakon osvajanja utvrde William Henry. Na pregovorima u Eastonu 1758. Britanci su uspjeli dogovoriti mir s Indijancima doline Ohio i usmjeriti pažnju na sjever. Nakon što su Irokezi 1759. napustili politiku neutralnosti i stali na stranu Britanaca, pobjeda je bila nadomak ruke. Britanci su 1760. zauzeli Montreal i francuska kolonija je prestala postojati. Indijanci su imali ulogu u gotovo svim sukobima rata i ishod bi vjerojatno bio drugačiji bez njihovog sudjelovanja. Jedini problem je što Britanci to nisu priznavali. Napetosti između doseljenik i Indijanaca su također rasle te su rezultirale izbijanjem Čerokeškog rata. Čerokezi su izgubili, a Britanci su počeli vjerovati kako je potrebna prisila kako bi se kontroliralo Indijance. Nove reforme i zabrane su uzrokovale još problema i dovele do Pontiacove pobune. Iako je završio neriješeno, Indijanci su također počeli vjerovati kako je oružani odgovor dobar način rješavanja problema s Britancima. Nastavljanje ilegalnog naseljavanja zemlje i tenzije između britanskih kolonista i Indijanca će nadolazeća desetljeća obilježiti sukobima i razmiricama., The Seven Years' War, also known as the French-Indian War, was probably the most important event in the 18th century North America. Even though the war was led between the British and the French colonists, the Native Americans played the most essential role in the conflict. In fact, it was one of the Delaware chiefs who instigated the animosity between the colonists in 1754. when he killed a French emissary in an attempt to secure his position of a leader. Their allegiance to the French in the early years of the conflict enabled the French to gain the upper hand on the Ohio region and to harass British settlers on the borders. The British struggled up until the 1757. when the French lost the Native American support. The new French commander, Montcalm, had no love for the Native American warriors and made a mistake of underestimating their importance and denying them their rightful reward after the siege of Fort William Henry. In 1758. at the Treaty of Easton, the British managed to negotiate the peace with the Ohio Valley Indians and were able to turn their full attention towards the North. After the Iroquois departed from their policy of neutrality in 1759. and joined the British cause, victory was almost secured. In 1760. the British took control of Montreal and the French colony was no more. The Native Americans took part in almost every battle during the war and the result would possibly be very different without their envolvement. The only problem was that the British did not acknowledge this. Tensions between the settlers and the Indians were also high and they resulted in the Cherokee War. The Cherokee lost and the British believed that coercion was the way of dealing with the Natives. New reforms and restrictions caused more problems and resulted in the Pontiac's War. Even though it ended in a stalemate of sorts, the Natives now also thought that they could use force to dissuade the British from their plans. Continued illegal settling of the land and tensions between the British colonists and the Native Americans resulted in conflicts and disputes for decades to come.

Emir Hüsrev-i Dihlevî, dedesinin dönemin âlim ve fâzıl şahsiyetlerinden olması hasebiyle kendisini ilmî ve edebî çevrelerde yetiştirmiş önemli bir şahsiyettir. Hüsrev’in yaşadığı dönemde Moğol baskısından kaçan Türkler ile yerli halk arasında ortak bir dil oluşturulması elzem olmuştur. Arapça, Farsça, Hintçe ve Türkçe dillerine hâkim olan Hüsrev, Urdu dilinin doğuşuna zemin hazırlamış ve bu dilin ortaya çıkmasında bir rol oynamıştır. Türk sultanlarının himayesinde bulunan Hüsrev, yer aldığı ilim ve edebiyat meclislerinde söylediği gazeller ve kasidelerle büyük beğeni toplamıştır. Şiirlerinin bazılarını bestelemiş ve haiz olduğu musikî bilgisi sayesinde Hint musikîsine önemli katkılar sunmuştur. Çalışmamızın amacı, çok yönlü edebî bir kişilik olan Hüsrev-i Dihlevî’nin Hint kültürü ve edebiyatına yaptığı katkıları gözler önüne sermektir. Khusrau Dihlavi is an important person who has brought himself up in scientific and literary circles, since his grandfather was one of the scholars and virtuous personalities of the period. During his time, it was essential to establish a common language between the Turks who escaped from the Mongols and the local people. Having a command of Arabic, Persian, Hindi and Turkish languages, Khusrau paved the way for the birth of the Urdu language and played an undeniable role for this language. Khusrau, who was under the auspices of the Turkish sultans, received great acclaim with his ghazals and qasidas in the science and literature assemblies he attended. He composed some of his poems and made important contributions to Indian music thanks to his musical knowledge. The aim of this study is to reveal the contributions of Khusrau, who is a literary personality, to Indian culture and literature.

Indigenous technical knowledge derived from traditional wisdom is an asset of farmers in developing countries. To ensure the continuity of these practices for future generations, we need to understand the scientific rationality and their communication patterns, and then document them. This study aimed to document the indigenous pest management practices, test their scientific rationality, and determine their communication pattern among the farmers. A total of 120 farmers from district Bageshwar in Uttarakhand, India, were selected through the simple random sampling method. Interviews and focussed group discussions were used to collect data. Out of a total of 32 documented indigenous practices, 27 were found to be rational by the scientists. Neighbours ranked first as the source of information, followed by friends and relatives. Knowledge related to managing pests through indigenous methods was shared by the farmers, mainly in temples. They learned the practical application of these indigenous practices during childhood while working with parents in the fields, followed by observing their friends and relatives. The indigenous technical knowledge should be conserved and combined with the scientific cognizance for sustainable agriculture. Next- generation farmers need to be motivated to adopt these practices.

Ethnicity is consistently reported as a strong determinant of human gut microbiota. However, the bulk of these studies are from Western countries, where microbiota variations are mainly driven by relatively recent migration events. Malaysia is a multicultural society, but differences in gut microbiota persist across ethnicities. We hypothesized that migrant ethnic groups continue to share fundamental gut traits with the population in the country of origin due to shared cultural practices despite subsequent geographical separation. To test this hypothesis, the 16S rRNA gene amplicons from 16 studies comprising three major ethnic groups in Malaysia were analysed, covering 636 Chinese, 248 Indian and 123 Malay individuals from four countries (China, India, Indonesia and Malaysia). A confounder-adjusted permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) detected a significant association between ethnicity and the gut microbiota (PERMANOVA R 2=0.005, pseudo-F=2.643, P=0.001). A sparse partial least squares – discriminant analysis model trained using the gut microbiota of individuals from China, India and Indonesia (representation of Chinese, Indian and Malay ethnic group, respectively) showed a better-than-random performance in classifying Malaysian of Chinese descent, although the performance for Indian and Malay were modest (true prediction rate, Chinese=0.60, Indian=0.49, Malay=0.44). Separately, differential abundance analysis singled out Ligilactobacillus as being elevated in Indians. We postulate that despite the strong influence of geographical factors on the gut microbiota, cultural similarity due to a shared ethnic origin drives the presence of a shared gut microbiota composition. The interplay of these factors will likely depend on the circumstances of particular groups of migrants.

Orientador: Marcius Cesar Soares Freire Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes Resumo: O projeto tem como proposta estudar a imagem e a construção da identidade de nativos norte-americanos e indígenas brasileiros na cultura popular e dominante. O povo indígena tem sido analisado sob diferentes olhares, tais como o olhar Antropológico, da mídia, da arte, bem como de projetos governamentais, todos eles documentando suas respectivas imagens. Este trabalho parte da compreensão de que tais imagens refletem um. É importante lembrar que as primeiras ilustrações seriam representadas sob a forma de xilogravuras. O processo é melhor observado no trabalho Grandes Viagens, de Theordore DeBry, embora, continuamente, no período épico dos primeiros pintores etnográficos, gravuras, pinturas e litografias tenham sido usadas. É claro que, mais tarde, as influências da visibilidade das pinturas não podem ser desprezadas, uma vez que tornaram um pouco mais acessíveis à massa, através de cópias impressas, reproduções, fotografias e acervos em museus contemporâneos. Nos Estados Unidos o ¿Índio mau¿ era associado com o guerreiro com machado ou o rebelde selvagem do oeste. No Brasil é possível que os Munduruku fossem representados neste sentido. Pessoa descendente de branco e índio. Pessoa descendente de negro e índio. Palavra originalmente usada no Brasil ( por cientistas europeus) referindo-se à pessoa de sangue indígena puro que torna-se ¿civilizada ou pacificada¿. Porém, na definição contemporânea, a idéia de sangue puro não aparece sempre explícita. Esses conceitos serão estudados mais detalhadamente e não apenas como categorias simplificadoras do bom ou mau selvagem. Elas deverão ser definidas por região, país e período. Cada termo, embora genérico, tradicionalmente tem sido examinado como um conceito europeu em geral e não em seus detalhes específicos. Por exemplo, o mau selvagem não é apenas o incivilizado ou contrário ao progresso. Esse aspecto será definido por uma série de características, em contextos diferentes, que envolvam períodos de tempo e espaço, que continuam agindo para se definir a 'indinidade¿. Os conceitos bom e mau selvagem, canibal e caboclo, mameluco e cafuzo precedem este projeto. Consideramos, também, que a discussão desses termos no passado foram um tanto superficiais, no sentido de que a discussão tratou o imaginário e a iconografia como imutáveis. imaginário público coletivo do ¿Índio¿ presente em cada país. Da mesma forma, acredita-se que, devido à sua história, a identidade do nativo americano foi desumanizada e, de um modo geral, reduzida a uma imagem estigmatizada do 'Índio¿. Suas influências estão enraizadas na história da colonização tanto na forma escrita, quanto em desenhos, pinturas e fotografias . A intenção é demonstrar que o "índio" existe como um conceito do imaginário social que desumaniza, que reduz os povos indígenas a objetos comercializáveis ou destinados à diversão. Assim o "índio" será definido como uma construção da cultura da sociedade dominante compreendendo algumas das seguintes características: a) o selvagem bom (natural, romântico ou ecologista); b) o mau selvagem (guerreiro, canibal, caçador de cabeças, guerreiro com machado , ¿escalpador¿ ou caçador de escalpo que resiste à ¿Manifestação do Destino¿; c) o objeto do 'voyeur¿ e o outro; d) a vítima e a raça desaparecendo; e) o mito original; f) o índio 'real¿; g) o ¿halfbreed¿ ou o ¿mameluco¿ , o ¿cafuzo¿ e o ¿caboclo¿ no Brasil; h) o extraterrestre; i) o índio aculturado ou pacificado; j) uma masculinidade genérica (cujo foco é o indígena masculino) e a desmasculinização desse ¿índio¿ em relação ao ¿homem branco¿. O conceito índio não é uma invenção estática na cultura dominante e popular e está sempre se transformando e adicionando elementos. Tenta-se estudar aqui esses elementos e suas adaptações, no passado e no presente. Nesta pesquisa, pretende-se discutir a criação do conceito do ¿Índio¿ na sociedade dominante, em relação à fotografia, à pintura e ao desenho que resultam em tratamento desigual às pessoas indígenas, tanto em termos políticos quanto como identidade individual e coletiva. O objetivo é desmontar e comparar a imaginação dominante e a imagem visual do "índio" no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos Abstract: This project proposes to study the construction of Native North American and Indigenous Brasilian identity in popular and dominant representations. ¿Indian¿ people have been analyzed using many different lenses. Anthropology, media, art and governmental groups have all created, recorded and finally documented images of indigenous people. These images reflect the presence of an ¿Indian¿ concept in the collective public imagination of each country. Since contact Native American identity has been generically reduced to a stagnant image. Its influences are rooted in the written, drawn and painted history of colonization as well as photography . The intention of this research is to demonstrate that this constructed ¿Indian¿ is a concept of dominant society's imagination which dehumanizes indigenous people. The ¿Indian¿ concept in dominant culture consists of some of these characteristics : a)the noble savage: (natural, exaggerated ecologist, or romanticized child) b) ¿bad¿ savage: (warrior, cannibal, headhunter, tomahawker, scalper and resistor of ¿manifest destiny¿), c)the voyeuristic object and the anthropological other , d) the acculturing or integrating Indian e) the vanishing race and the victim, f)the origin myth, g) the extraterrestrial h) the ¿real¿ Indian i) the halfbreed or the cafuzo/mameluco in Brazil, a generic masculinity and j) a focus on male Indianess and the demasculinization of this ¿Indian¿ in regards to the ¿white male¿. The Indian concept is not a stationary invention, and is always mutating. We will try to study early and present characteristics and their adaptations up to this point in time in terms of painted, drawn and photographic images. It is in the interest of this study to discuss these characteristics in terms of stereotypes which have caused the unequal treatment of indigenous people, both in terms of politics and identity. In Summary, we wish to deconstruct and compare the dominant imagination and the visual image of the ¿Indian¿ in Brazil and the United States. The word Indian can be associated with different images and concepts for different people. For the purpose of this study, ¿Indian¿ is the concept and word created by the colonial discourse of the Americas, which consisted of oral, textual and visual representations. This ¿Indian¿ has been reiterated and restructured by anthropology as well as contemporary popular culture. For different indigenous groups and individuals the word has taken on various contextual meanings. See Kaka Werá Jecupé. A Terra dos Mil Povos. 1998. (13-15). History hás been one sided. Accounts which take into consideration the points of view of indigenous peoples during contact, colonial and early history include: Native American Testimony; A Chronicle of Indian ¿ White Relations. Editor: Peter Nobokov and The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early America. These books are only two which refer to the Native North American perspective of events, there are others. In Brazil see ¿Ymã Ano Mil e Quinhentos:Relatos e Memórias Indigenas Sobre a Conquista. Paulo Humberto Porto Borges. It is important to remember that the first representations would be re ¿represented in the form of xylographs. This process is best noted in the work, Grand Voyages by Theodore DeBry. Although used continously into the epic of the early painter-ethnographers, engravings differed from paintings and lithographs. It is important to remember paintings would have been more accessible to the wealthy. Thus, their influence on the masses is less obvious than those of lithography and most importantly photography. Of course later influences on the visibility of paintings must not be overlooked, as they became somewhat more avaliable to the masses through printed copies, reproductions, photographs and contemporary museums. The terms noble and bad savage, cannibal and caboclo, mameluco and cafuzo predate this project. Yet, we consider that the discussion of these terms in the past has been somewhat superficial. It has been superficial in the sense of the discussion of the imagery and iconography as unchanging. ¿Fabian discusses conceptions of the other which have been elaborated within anthropological discourse since the eighteenth century in Europe. Anthropology, as a 'science of disappearance¿ has tended to construe the 'other¿ as negative: the 'savage¿, without history, writing, religion and morals, was seen as part of a vanishing world which consequently required documentation¿(Hallam, Elizabeth and Street, Brian, 2). Cultural Encounters.Routledge. 2000. These stereotypical concepts will be studied in greater detail, not just as simplified noble or bad savage categories. They are to be defined by region, country and timeperiod. Each term although generic has traditionally been analysed as a general European concepts and not in specific detail. For example, the bad savage was not just uncivilized or against progress, it was defined by a set of characteristics in different contexts which evolved throughout time and space, while still functioning to define ¿Indianess¿ Doutorado Multimeios Doutor em Multimeios

PurposeOne of the major challenges for developing countries is the lack of mechanisms for the evaluation of critical success factors (CSFs) of quality initiatives, which hampers the journey toward sustainability. Lean Six Sigma (LSS) has been one of the most widely used initiatives supporting quality improvement with wastes reduction and facilitating sustainability. To expedite LSS and its spread, it is important to evaluate key CSFs. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to provide an approach for the evaluation of LSS-CSFs for Indian small and medium enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a graph theoretic approach and demonstrates the evaluation of LSS-CSFs by proposing an index. The development of index is illustrated using a set of seven prioritized CSFs based on the literature review paper (Lande et al., 2016).FindingsThis study guides about the translation of CSFs in the form of an index (number) and will benefit both researchers and practitioners, who wish to study the role of key CSFs for implementation and audit requirements for sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsAuthors remain confined only to Indian SMEs.Originality/valueLSS possesses the potential to enhance the performance of manufacturing SMEs, but its evaluation is not easy. This attempt for offering a useful evaluation scheme involving CSFs, in the areas of LSS in developing country contexts, is the first. The approach also facilitates both quality audits and benchmarking between different sets of CSFs. The approach is generalizable and can be extended in other areas.

Background: Pigmentary disorders are common in patients with skin of color and one of the top five most common dermatologic diagnoses in individuals of African descent. Little is known about the spectrum of pigmentary disorders in South Africa’s second largest province, KwaZulu Natal. Objective: This study aimed to determine the profile of pigmentary disorders in patients at five outpatient public hospital skin clinics in Durban, South Africa. Methods: We collected data related to age, sex, ethnicity, and skin dyspigmentation diagnosis in a cross-sectional descriptive study of all dermatology patients at five public hospitals in Durban, South Africa between January 1 and March 31, 2015. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical grounds, supported by relevant laboratory investigations or histopathology where necessary. Only data relating to patients’ first visit were recorded and captured using a Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheet. Results: A total of 304 patients, the majority of whom were African women (n = 230; 75.8%), were included in the study. The three most common pigmentary diagnoses included vitiligo, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, and melasma. Conclusion: Dyschromias are the third most common dermatologic diagnosis in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. The most common subtypes of pigmentary disorders include (in order of frequency) vitiligo, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, and melasma. Keywords: African, black, dyschromia, dyspigmentation, ethnic skin, Indian, pigmentation, skin of color, South Africa

WOS: 000490028900058, PubMed: 31368072, While Cd contents of cigarettes are determined between 0.44 (C8) and 1.55 mg/kg (C7), Co contents of cigarette samples varied between 0.26 (B5) and 2.19 mg/kg (B3). Also, while Cr contents of tested cigarettes are determined between 0.88 mg/kg (C5) and 1.72 mg/kg (B2), Mo contents of cigarettes ranged from 0.39 (C7) to 1.13 mg/kg (B2). In addition, Cu contents of cigarettes varied between 10.36 (C11) and 30.47 mg/kg (C18), while Fe contents of cigarette samples range between 306.03 (C5) and 595.42 mg/kg (C16). In addition, while Ni contents of cigarettes vary between 1.00 (C7) and 3.17 mg/kg (C1), Pb contents of brands varied between 0.16 (B4) and 7.37 mg/kg (B1). In general, Indian and imported cigarette samples used in Turkey are rich in Ca, K, Mg, P, and S. In Indian samples, B4 and B5 cigarette samples contained lower heavy metals compared with other cigarettes., Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud UniversityDeanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University [RG-1435-049], The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding the research group (no. RG-1435-049).

Este texto forma parte de una serie de análisis inspirados en la semiótica francesa. Esta es una disciplina que exige rigor, aunque a la vez no desdeña la intuición y la exploración más allá de sus fronteras. Se intenta sistematizar la representación de los estereotipos más pregnantes de la cultura y la literatura peruana. Se busca construir esquemas y en lo posible modelos explicativos. Para comenzar el proyecto se ha elegido un relato de Ventura García Calderón que ofrece una mirada criolla colonial de lo indígena. Es una mirada peyorativa, a la vez que una afirmación de los valores de la clase señorial peruana dominante, durante las primeras décadas del siglo pasado., This text is part of a series of analyzes inspired by French semiotics. This is a discipline that demands rigor, although at the same time it does not disdain intuition and exploration beyond its borders. It attempts to systematize the representation of the most pregnant stereotypes of Peruvian culture and literature. It seeks to build schemes and as far as possible explanatory models. To begin the project, a story by Ventura García Calderón has been chosen that offers a colonial Creole look of the indigenous. It is a pejorative look, as well as an affirmation of the values of the dominant Peruvian nobleman class, during the first decades of the last century.

Study Design Observational study of computed tomography (CT) data. Purpose We performed a CT-based radiographic analysis of sub-axial cervical lamina in the Indian population to assess the feasibility of laminar screws. Overview of Literature Morphometric studies have been performed for populations of various ethnic groups, but none exist for Indian populations. Methods Cervical spine CT scans of 50 adults with a minimum slice thickness of

Sin dalla sua scoperta a Pompei nel 1938, la statuetta in avorio di manifattura indiana non ha smesso di porre interrogativi sul suo soggetto, sulla sua provenienza, sulla sua funzione prima di arrivare nel municipium campano. In questo contributo, dopo una disamina dello status quaestionis sulla statuetta (datazione, possibile iconografia, provenienza, contesto di rinvenimento) ci si chiederà chi potesse essere il suo proprietario e che cosa avrebbe potuto rappresentare per lui un manufatto tanto particolare. Una risposta potrebbe giungere dalle Metamorfosi di Ovidio, in particolare da una sezione del decimo libro dedicata a miti connessi con l’avorio e la prostituzione femminile, e dall’usanza romana di esporre, durante i banchetti, oggetti curiosi per stimolare la conversazione. Since its discovery, which took place in Pompeii in 1938, the ivory statuette of Indian manufacture has not stopped asking questions about its subject, its origin, its function before its arrival in the Roman municipium. In this paper, after an examination of the status quaestionis on the statuette (dating, possible iconography, provenance, context of discovery) I will try to understand who could be its owner and therefore what a Pompeian of the first century could have seen in such a particular artifact. An answer may come from Ovid's Metamorphoses, in particular from a section of the tenth book dedicated to myths associated with ivory and female prostitution, and from the Roman custom to exhibit curious objects to stimulate conversation during banquets., LANX. Rivista della Scuola di Specializzazione in Archeologia - Università degli Studi di Milano, N. 24 (2016)

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among Indian women. Indian women living with HIV (WLWH) may be at especially high risk. The quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine is effective in prevention of initial infection with HPV-6/11/16/18 in HIV-negative women. Little is known about previous exposure to HPV-6/11/16/18, safety, and immunogenicity of qHPV in Indian WLWH.MethodologyOne hundred fifty WLWH with different CD4 levels and HIV viral load (VL) were vaccinated at 0/2/6 months at CART-CRS-IDMC, Chennai, India. Serology was performed at weeks 0, 28, and 52 for HPV-6/11/16/18 using a competitive Luminex immunoassay and for HPV-16/18 using a pseudovirion-based neutralization assay.ResultsMean age was 30.8 years (range, 19-44 years). 71/87/73/81% of women were naive (sero-negative and DNA-negative) to HPV-6/11/16/18 at baseline, respectively. Among per-protocol women naive to HPV-6/11/16/18 at baseline, 100/99/99/90%, respectively, seroconverted at week 28 and 95/96/98/71% were sero-positive at week 52, respectively. Pseudovirion-based neutralization assay identified more seroconversion to HPV-18 than competitive Luminex immunoassay. There were no significant differences in the proportion seroconverting by baseline or nadir CD4 or HIV VL; however, there was a trend for increased proportion seroconverting to HPV-18 among women with higher baseline CD4 level (P = 0.052). There were no qHPV-related serious adverse events and no change in CD4 level or HIV VL among women on ART.ConclusionsqHPV vaccine was safe and immunogenic in Indian WLWH. A high proportion were naive to HPV-6/11/16/18 and may benefit from vaccination although many were married and several years post-initiation of sexual activity.

Objective The Asian American population in the U.S. comprises various, ethnically diverse subgroups. Traditionally, this population has been studied as a single, aggregated group, potentially masking differences in risk among subgroups. Analyses using disaggregated data can help better characterize the health needs of different Asian subpopulations and inform targeted, effective public health interventions. We assessed the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) and their associations with socioeconomic factors among Chinese, Asian Indian, Filipino and Other Asian subjects, compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) subjects in the U.S. Methods : Cross-sectional study using data from 298,286 adults from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2007 to 2018. We utilized chi-squared tests to compare characteristics across subgroups. Weighted proportions and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were utilized to examine the associations between Asian subgroups, self-reported CVD risk factors and self-reported ASCVD, as well as between socioeconomic factors within each Asian subgroup. Results : Asian Indian subjects had the highest prevalence of diabetes (12.5%), while Filipino subjects had the highest prevalence of hyperlipidemia (27.7%), hypertension (29.8%) and obesity (19.8%). Despite this, the prevalence of self-reported ASCVD was lower in all Asian groups compared with NHWs. Chinese subjects had the lowest odds of having each of the CVD risk factors assessed. Conclusion : We found considerable heterogeneity in the distribution of risk factors as well as ASCVD among Asian subgroups in the US. Compared with health system or community-based reports, the prevalence of risk factors and ASCVD may be underestimated in some Asian NHIS subgroups. There is an urgent need for efforts to improve recruitment of Asian participants of heterogeneous socioeconomic backgrounds in national surveys, as well as to perform a thorough assessment of risk factors and disease in this population, not relying solely on self-report., Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract

Wesleyan Journal of Research,UGC Care-listed | ISSN: 0975-1386 | Peer-reviewed Journal Vol. 13 No. 69 (March 2021) Research Article: Management Study of the Negative & the Positive Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Different Types of Industry, Businesses & the Society Shubham Parsoyaand Dr. Asif Perwej School of Management Studies (SOMS), Sangam University (SU), Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India Abstract: In the background of unforeseen occurrence scenario of COVID-19 nationwide pandemic, this paper has created an endeavour to study the impact of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on differing kinds of companies and industries in numerous ways. Once the emergence of Corona pandemic in India introduced, the matter of public health condition has become core issue of the people in India and it's been on the forefront in conjunction with alternative and related serious issues of migrant labour, loss of employment, economic and industrial instability etc., and on the other side with the massive population size and its ever growing rate over the last 3 decades, the general public health scenario has been deteriorated significantly, and the occurrence of COVID-19 since 2019 has changed the entire world’s functioning accordingly. Internationally the Pandemic of COVID-19 has affected all sections of the economy and nobody will specifically predict when the pandemic is going to be over and everything are going to be like our past days. With the beginning of the unfold of COVID-19, business and various other industries, such as; region trade, transport industry, food industry, agriculture industry, housing industry, education industry, cinema industry, energy industry, producing industry, music industry, mining trade, were straightaway clean up, and the outside travelling and domestic travel activities were also withheld for the unknown length on such moment. The impact of Covid-19 on all such industries was very big. Globally all business and industry are witnessing serious threat with the spreading of COVID-19. All the countries have the first preference of the protection of the people, interference of unfold and health care of the infected folks. However, there are some types of industries that are becoming some extreme number of advantages from such COVID-19 pandemic conditions in some direct or indirect ways. Such industries are; Education (EdTech) industries, E-retail industries, Banking, financial services and insurance industries (BFSI). Medical sector, Information technology and knowledge Technology Enabled Services, Etc. Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, Industries, Businesses, Impact, Problems, World, Economy Conference Details:- International Conference on Analytical & Interdisciplinary Research – 2021 (ICAIR-2021) 05th - 06th February, 2021 https://www.sangamuniversity.ac.in/inner-pages/ICAIR-2021.php Description about the author: - Mr. Shubham Parsoya, Ex-Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies Ph.D. Doctoral Researcher (Business & Management) Master of Business Administration (MBA) in (Human Resources Management and Marketing Management) from Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) Lean Six Sigma Champion Certified Professional (LSSCCP), School of Business Leadership Colorado, United States Six Sigma Yellow Belt Certified Professional (SSYBCP), Project Management Institute Accounting Fundamentals Certified Professional (AFCP), Corporate Finance Institute, Vancouver, Canada, United States

Wesleyan Journal of Research, UGC Care-listed | ISSN: 0975-1386 | Peer-reviewed Journal Vol. 13 No. 69 (March 2021) Research Article: Management Study of the Negative & the Positive Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Different Types of Industry, Businesses & the Society Shubham Parsoya and Dr. Asif Perwej School of Management Studies (SOMS), Sangam University (SU), Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India Abstract: In the background of unforeseen occurrence scenario of COVID-19 nationwide pandemic, this paper has created an endeavour to study the impact of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on differing kinds of companies and industries in numerous ways. Once the emergence of Corona pandemic in India introduced, the matter of public health condition has become core issue of the people in India and it's been on the forefront in conjunction with alternative and related serious issues of migrant labour, loss of employment, economic and industrial instability etc., and on the other side with the massive population size and its ever growing rate over the last 3 decades, the general public health scenario has been deteriorated significantly, and the occurrence of COVID-19 since 2019 has changed the entire world���s functioning accordingly. Internationally the Pandemic of COVID-19 has affected all sections of the economy and nobody will specifically predict when the pandemic is going to be over and everything are going to be like our past days. With the beginning of the unfold of COVID-19, business and various other industries, such as; region trade, transport industry, food industry, agriculture industry, housing industry, education industry, cinema industry, energy industry, producing industry, music industry, mining trade, were straightaway clean up, and the outside travelling and domestic travel activities were also withheld for the unknown length on such moment. The impact of Covid-19 on all such industries was very big. Globally all business and industry are witnessing serious threat with the spreading of COVID-19. All the countries have the first preference of the protection of the people, interference of unfold and health care of the infected folks. However, there are some types of industries that are becoming some extreme number of advantages from such COVID-19 pandemic conditions in some direct or indirect ways. Such industries are; Education (EdTech) industries, E-retail industries, Banking, financial services and insurance industries (BFSI). Medical sector, Information technology and knowledge Technology Enabled Services, Etc. Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, Industries, Businesses, Impact, Problems, World, Economy Conference Details:- International Conference on Analytical & Interdisciplinary Research ��� 2021 (ICAIR-2021) 05th - 06th February, 2021 https://www.sangamuniversity.ac.in/inner-pages/ICAIR-2021.php Description about the author: - Mr. Shubham Parsoya, Ex-Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies Ph.D. Doctoral Researcher (Business & Management) Master of Business Administration (MBA) in (Human Resources Management and Marketing Management) from Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) Lean Six Sigma Champion Certified Professional (LSSCCP), School of Business Leadership Colorado, United States Six Sigma Yellow Belt Certified Professional (SSYBCP), Project Management Institute Accounting Fundamentals Certified Professional (AFCP), Corporate Finance Institute, Vancouver, Canada, United States, International Conference on Analytical & Interdisciplinary Research ��� 2021 05th - 06th February 2021 https://www.sangamuniversity.ac.in/inner-pages/ICAIR-2021.php

Human Computer Interaction moves forward in the field of sign language interpretation. Indian Sign Language (ISL) Interpretation system is a good way to help the Indian hearing impaired people to interact with normal people with the help of computer. As compared to other sign languages, ISL interpretation has got less attention by the researcher. In this paper, some historical background, need, scope and concern of ISL are given. Vision based hand gesture recognition system have been discussed as hand plays vital communication mode. Considering earlier reported work, various techniques available for hand tracking, segmentation, feature extraction and classification are listed. Vision based system have challenges over traditional hardware based approach; by efficient use of computer vision and pattern recognition, it is possible to work on such system which will be natural and accepted, in general., hand gesture recognition

In Slovene literary culture, a popular belief has become established –'IndijaKoromandija', which means a land where everything is in abundance, where life is very good, i.e. an imaginary land of abundance. This is one ofthe reasons why the motif was often illustrated and themed in Slovene (youth) literature.Influences of Indian literary culture on Slovene have a respectable tradition, ranging from mentions by JanezSvetokriški (TobiaLionelli), folk songs, especially variants written by MatevžRavnikar, Tomaževodhod v Indijo (Tomaž's departure to India, 1838), but literary fragments have been preserved about cultural memory, from Alexander the Great (6th c. BC), through Roman culture, paganism, Christianity to the present day. The essence of the poem about St. Thomas is the following: Na svetnilepšdežele, ko deželaIndija (There is no more beautiful country in the world than the country of India).The Indologist Theodor Benfey (1809-81) defended in 1859 the so-called Indian fairy tale theory, also called migration theory which believes that fairy tales traveled along the Indo-European route (Syria, Orient, Sicily, Spain, caravans, crusaders, etc.)Slovene readers encountered Indian themes already in the magazine Vrtec (1871), then with the Zbirkaindijskihgledališkihiger (Collection of Indian Theater Plays, 1885) , and read fairy tales as early as the 19th century, through the first Indologist, Dr. Karl Glaser, with fairy tales of 1891, Kalidasa: Indijskidramatik (Kalidasa: Indian playwright, 1902). First translation of the Nobel Prize winner for literature (1913), Rabindranath Tagore, followed in 1915, Indijskapravljica (Indian fairy tale, 1927). The Slovenian poet Anton Aškerc (1892) wrote many poems influenced by Indian motifs, Staroindijskebasni, bajke in pravljice –Jataka (Old Indian Fables, Myths and Fairy Tales –Jataka, 1932). The most resounding translation of the folk collection of Indian fables and fairy tales was Panchatantra (1959).

In this interview conducted by issue editors Philippe Bornet, Stefanie Knauss and Alexander D. Ornella in April 2021, Amruta Patil discusses how the unique possibilities of playing with images and words in the medium of the graphic novel allow for a creative critique and reimagination of ancient mythologies as well as contemporary social questions. Her use of the figure of the storyteller, sensuous visual style, and continuous micro-subversion of traditional motifs invite viewers/readers to enter into the story and make it their own, while at the same time encouraging a capacity to see each other and to engage constructively even with people or viewpoints one might critique., Keywords: Kari, Adi Parva, Sauptik, Aranyaka, Graphic Novel, Mythology, Queer, India, www.jrfm.eu 2021, 7/2, 15���30

This article develops the way in which the diverse socio-cultural and economic factors, which characterize the cultural dynamics of the Nahua community of Cuentepec, Morelos, define the role of women. This community maintains an identity attached to the cultural tradition of indigenous peoples who practice agriculture; however, in recent decades its organizational dynamics have undergone changes that show a socio-economic transition. The introduction and adaptation of the population to new connectionsoutside the community generated a fluid interaction with the mestiza population. For example, with the intense pendular migration, there was an increase in labor activity, school professionalization and economic capacity. While all this has led to changes in the community interaction of women, it is precisely their social action that has made it possible to maintain cultural continuity and internal social cohesion. It is a question, then, of research carried out with ethnographic methodology, with participant observation and direct interaction with the community. As well as a previous documentary and ethnographic review. En este artículo se desarrolla la forma en que los diversos factores socioculturales y económicos, que caracterizan la dinámica cultural de la comunidad nahua de Cuentepec, Morelos, definen el papel de las mujeres. Esta comunidad mantiene una identidad apegada a la tradición cultural de los pueblos indígenas que practican la agricultura; sin embargo, en las últimas décadas su dinámica organizacional ha experimentado cambios que muestran una transición socioeconómica. Esto, a partir de la introducción y adaptación de la población a nuevos conectores con el exterior a la comunidad se generó una fluida interacción con la población mestiza. Por ejemplo, con la intensa migración pendular se incrementó la actividad laboral, la profesionalización escolar y la capacidad económica. Si bien, todo esto ha provocado cambios en la interacción comunitaria de las mujeres, es precisamente su actuar social lo que ha permitido mantener la continuidad cultural y la cohesión social interna. Se trata, entonces, de una investigación realizada con metodología etnográfica, con observación participante e interacción directa con la comunidad. Así como de una revisión documental y etnográfica previa.

Bone elongation is driven by chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy in the growth plate. Both processes are modulated by multiple signaling pathways including the Indian Hedgehog (IHH) signaling pathway. Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders characterized by accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in multiple tissues and organs, leading to a range of clinical symptoms including bone shortening through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Using MPS VII mice, we previously observed a reduction in the number of proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes and a reduced gene expression of Ihh in the tibial growth plate. We further demonstrate here that IHH secretion by MPS VII chondrocytes was reduced both in vitro and in vivo. While normal chondrocytes showed no response to exogenous IHH, proliferation of MPS VII chondrocytes was stimulated in response to exogenous IHH in vitro. This was accompanied by an elevated gene expression of patched receptor (Ptch1). The results from this study suggested that reduced proliferation in MPS VII growth plate may be partially due to dysfunction of the IHH signaling pathway., Highlights • Production of IHH by MPS VII mouse chondrocytes is reduced. • Distribution of IHH is altered across the growth plate in MPS VII mice. • MPS VII chondrocytes are responsive to the addition of exogenous IHH.

Au cours de la décennie 1920, de violents conflits opposent des groupes autochtones, les caboclos, et des propriétaires terriens dans le Nordeste du Brésil. C’est dans ce cadre que des rituels ont été exhibés et mis en circulation par des groupes autochtones pour faire reconnaître par l’État brésilien une identité indigène qui leur garantisse l’attribution d’un territoire délimité et l’obtention de son usufruit. Cet article retrace l’histoire de la mise en images de la danse des praiás, un rituel qui met en scène une guerre cosmique entre entités invisibles. Il examine la manière dont il a été enrôlé dans un travail diplomatique mené par des anthropologues et des groupes autochtones pour obtenir de l’État la protection juridique attachée à la reconnaissance de l’indigénéité. In the Northeast of Brazil throughout the 1920s, violent conflicts opposed indigenous groups, caboclos and landowners. In this context rituals began to be performed and to circulate between indigenous groups who wanted to have their Indigenous status, and associated territorial rights, recognised by the Brazilian state. This article traces this history of the praiás dance, a ritual that stages a cosmic war between invisible entities. It examines the ways that the ritual has been enrolled in the diplomatic work conducted by anthropologists and Indigenous groups to obtain legal protections from the State.

Randomized clinical trials (RCT) involve labor-intensive, highly regulated, and controlled processes intended to transform scientific concepts into clinical outcomes. To be effective and targeted, it is imperative they include those populations who would most benefit from those outcomes. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is most detrimental to the aging population, and its clinical manifestation is influenced by socio-economic factors such as poverty, poor education, stress, and chronic co-morbidities. Indigenous populations in the United States and Canada are among the minority populations most influenced by poor socio-economic conditions and are prone to the ravages of AD, with Indigenous women carrying the added burden of exposure to violence, caregiving stresses, and increased risk by virtue of their sex. Race- and sex-based disparities in RCT enrollment has occurred for decades, with Indigenous men and women very poorly represented. In this review, we examined literature from the last twenty years that reinforce these disparities and provide some concrete suggestions and guidelines to increase the enrollment numbers in AD RCT among this vulnerable and poorly represented population.

Im Jahr 2000 gründeten drei junge Männer das Internetportal "Indernet" - einen deutschsprachigen Raum von "Indern der zweiten Generation" für "Inder der zweiten Generation". Aufbauend auf Material, das sie über 17 Jahre gesammelt hat, legt die Autorin in ihrer Ethnografie drei Mosaike dieses virtuellen Raums. Sie beschreibt, wie die unterschiedlichen Teile des Portals (Artikel, Forum, Gästebuch, etc.) genutzt wurden und zeichnet die Entwicklungsschritte des Community-Portals von seiner Gründung bis zum Umzug ins Web 2.0 nach. Dabei analysiert sie rassismuskritisch, wie das "Indernet" zu einem Raum der natio-ethno-kulturellen (Mehrfach-)Zugehörigkeit wurde und welche Ausschlüsse damit einhergingen. The "Indernet" - a virtual community center where young people negotiated natio-ethno-cultural (multiple) belonging and created something of their own.