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An experiment was conducted to ascertain the impact of weeding and the number of seedlings per hill-1on the performance of aus rice (cv. BR16). The treatments consisted of three weeding methods and four levels of seedlings hill-1in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The number of weeding had an impact on weed dry weight, according to the results. Compared to not weeding, one and two-hand weeding decreased the dry weight of weeds. The degree of shrinkage was greater while weeding with two hands. The number of seedlings hill-1had a substantial impact on yield and all plant morphological parameters, according to data on yield and yield-contributing characteristics of aus rice. With criteria like total tillers hill-1, effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1, the weight of 1000 grains, grain yield (5.02 t ha-1), biological yield, and harvest index, four seedlings hill-1achieved the maximum yield. In 8 seedling hill-1, the lowest grain yield (2.58 t ha-1) was discovered. Except for non-effective tillers hill-1and panicle length, all yield-contributing features were strongly impacted by the amount of weeding. Two-hand weeding resulted in the best grain production (5.04 t ha-1) and one weeding produced the lowest yield (3.46 t ha-1). Except for plant height, ineffective tillers hill-1, unfilled grains panicle-1, and weight of 1000 grains, the interaction impact of the number of seedlings hill-1and weeding was found to be significant for the yield-contributing features. With two hands weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, the maximum grain production (5.79 t ha-1) was recorded from 4 seedling hills-1.

Large areas of the world are affected by high levels of soil salinity.Global warming causes a rapid rise of the sea level and enhancing new salt-affected areas inundating new agricultural land through saltwater intrusion. Salinity management through breeding strategies, land management or organic amendment could be wise strategies for salt management. Exogenous application of legumes as green manure can potentially reduce negative effects of soil salinity through growth improvement, ionic homeostasis via enhancing Ca/Na ratio in soil, adding organic matter, over expressing SOD, POD, CAT, APX, and lessening membrane leakage that upsurge crop productivity in saline environments. Such contribution to the sustainable agricultural systems is considered an alternate way towards enhancing crop cultivation in saline ecosystems. This review focused on the mechanisms of green manuring crops in soil salinity reclamation and subsequent contribution on crop growth and development.

Md Shafiur Rahman,1,2 Md Nazrul Islam Mondal,2 Md Rafiqul Islam,2 Md Mizanur Rahman,2 M Nazrul Hoque,3 Md Shamsher Alam4 1Department of Public Health, First Capital University of Bangladesh, Chuadanga, Bangladesh; 2Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; 3Hobby Center for Public Policy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; 4Faculty of Ecology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia Background: The burden of tobacco use is shifting from developed to developing countries. This study aimed to explore the different types of tobacco use, and to identify the determinant factors associated with the tobacco use among ever-married men in Bangladesh. Data and methods: Data of 3,771 ever-married men, 15–54 years of age were extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007. Prevalence rate, chi-square (Χ2) test, and binary logistic regression analysis were used as the statistical tools to analyze the data. Results: Tobacco use through smoking (58.68%) was found to be higher than that of chewing (21.63%) among men, which was significantly more prevalent among the poorest, less educated, and businessmen. In bivariate analysis, all the socioeconomic factors were found significantly associated with tobacco use; while in multivariate analysis, age, education, wealth index, and occupation were identified as the significant predictors. Conclusion: Tobacco use was found to be remarkably common among males in Bangladesh. The high prevalence of tobacco use suggests that there is an urgent need for developing intervention plans to address this major public health problem in Bangladesh. Keywords: tobacco use, smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco, prevalence rate, logistic regression model