Search

高齢者施設ではどのような物理的環境が好ましいとされているのか,という疑問を文献から調べた.情報収集はMEDLINE,医学中央雑誌,日本建築学会論文集などを使った.その結果,好ましい環境を設定するときの要点を設定方針,居住単位,テーブルや椅子の配置,室内インテリア,台所設備,感覚刺激,見当識,安全性,居室,空間構成,心理的環境としてまとめることができた.今回の調査から,わが国の高齢者施設環境には好ましい環境の観点から,いくつか問題点が存在することがわかった.今後,交流や活動を促す空間の設定方法や文化的様式に基づいた畳の設定などの効果について検討を進める必要性を導いた., This study aimed to investigate what settings provided desirable physical environments for elderly residential facilities. Information was retrieved from MEDLINE, the Japana Centra Revno Medicina and the Internet, and the articles were investigated. From this review, important concepts regarding physical environments and layouts based on prior research or experience were determined. Important concepts are goals of set up, living units, setting of tables and chairs, interior design, kitchen equipment, sensory stimulation, orientation, safety, private rooms, space organization, psychological environment. Our review of the literature indicated that some problems appear to currently exist within the environments of elderly residential facilities in Japan. We also identified subjects important for further examination, including the methods for setting up day rooms in large spaces, and how to incorporate cultural styling into a room setup. more...

人間工学領域において,適切な机・テーブルの高さを決定する方法が成人を対象として見出されている.この既存方法が高齢障害者に拡大して適用できるのか,主観的及び客観的側面から検討した.無作為抽出した20名の高齢障害者を対象として,既存方法で合わせた机の高さと主観的判断によって決定した高さ,仕事効率に適した高さを比較した.その結果,差尺を座高の3分の1の値とする既存方法が高齢障害者にも適用できることが明らかとなった.また,この方法で決定する高さ付近に35mm～70mmの許容範囲が存在する可能性が示唆された., Objective : The purpose was to ascertain if a determination method of table heights founded on ergonomics could be applied to the disabled elderly, and to present the allowable range of table heights for them. Method : The subjects were twenty randomly selected disabled elderly. We measured favorite table heights for each of them. We divided work efficiency into speed and push strength, and then measured the appropriate height of tables for each of them. Results : Differences between table heights decided by the usual method and heights as decided by our 3 standards (favorite, speed, push strength) were not observed in any case. Moreover, no differences were seen among these 3 standards for determining table heights. For mean ±1SD, the perfectly overlapping range was 35 mm, and the maximum range was 70 mm. Conclusion : Table heights decided by the usual method and heights from 3 standards. We established that the method of determining seat-table distance by one third of the sitting height could be applied for disabled elderly. There is thus a possibility that the optimum allowable distance to the level of the table by the presently used method is 35 mm, and the maximum allowable range is 70 mm. more...

「新聞の記事の中で出現する障害者とインターネットのかかわりは,作業療法における作業の概念でとらえるとどのような特性があるのか」という研究疑問を設定し,障害者のインターネット利用状況に関する枠組み作りを試みた.今回の研究では,全国紙の新聞1紙を対象とし,データとして検出した記事の類似した内容をまとめ,KJ法の考え方を用いて,共通した概念を抽出する方法で行った.この手順は,KJ法を基に開発されたコンピュータープログラムであるISOP-KJ法を補助的に使用した.その分析の結果,6つの大きなカテゴリーを抽出した.インターネットの活用は,作業療法でいう,作業療法として追及していく「作業」を強力に実現していく手段であり,目的にもなり得るという仮説を形成できた.インターネットを利用しての「自己維持活動」,「仕事」,「遊び」,「社会参加」は,「コンピュータによって形成される身体的な接触のない状態で情報伝達が生じる環境」の結果生じる作業といえるので,「バーチャル作業(virtual occupation)」と定義できると考えた. “, “The internet can be very helpful if it is fully made use of by the disabled person."This statementmay be true, but the questions arise in what ways, in what fields and to what extent it can be useful.Inorder to obtain answers to those questions, we undertook research through a technique similar to the KJ-method, by collecting related articles from a certain nationally-circulated newspaper as data. Finally, thisdata verified that the internet makes it possible for the disabled to take part in social activities more easilyand willingly and to improve their activities in daily life, both their productive activities and their leisureactivities. We believe that we can define the activities produced by utilizing the internet as a virtualoccupation. more...