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Magnetic nanoparticles are a potential material that can be used in a few fields of nanotechnology such as absorbent, catalyst, energy, storage, biomedical, and cancer treatment. Every nanoparticle has different properties, so they will appear unique when two magnetic materials were composited into one unit. Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/NiCo2O4 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by using simple coprecipitation and sonication methods. To determine the nanostructure and Specificesific Absorption Rate (SAR) value of sample, Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/NiCo2O4 nanocomposites were successfully characterized by using XRD, SEM, and Magneto-thermal instrument, respectively. Based on the data analysis, the XRD profile of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/NiCo2O4 combining from two phase of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4 and NiCo2O4. By using the Debye Scherer equation, the particle size of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/NiCo2O4 nanocomposites is about 10.64 nm and presentage of crystallinity is 67.66%. SEM characterization shows that there is agglomeration in the nanocomposites due to the large surface energy between the particles. Properties of superparamagnetic was observed by using VSM, saturation magnetization 17.79 emu/gr and coercivity about 0,15 T. Furthermore, SAR value of Mn0.25Fe2.75O4/NiCo2O4 nanocomposite revealed the optimum value with 0.343 Watt every gram.

The aim of the study was to determine differences in students' concept mastery abilities and students' problem solving abilities in the material of effort and energy using inquiry learning with students who learned using conventional learning as well as the correlation between concept mastery abilities and students' energy and effort problem solving abilities. This research is a quantitative research with a Quasi Experiment research design and the research design is a nonequivalent control group design. This study involved an experimental class that used the Inquiry learning model with learning stages according to the Inquiry learning model syntax and a control class that used conventional learning with learning stages according to the learning model used by the teacher when teaching. Taking the research sample using random sampling technique. The data collection instrument used tests with physics concept mastery skill instruments in the form of 10 multiple choice questions and 5 physics problem solving questions in the form of description questions. The test data were obtained through the pretest and posttest which were then subjected to prerequisite tests. The prerequisite test results stated that the data were normally distributed, homogeneous, and the test was linear. The data that has passed the prerequisite test is then used to test the hypothesis using Ancova. The results of the data analysis test showed that there were significant differences in students' concept mastery and problem-solving abilities between classes using Inquiry learning and classes using conventional learning. In addition, the results of the research data analysis show that there is a correlation between the ability to master the concept and the ability to solve problems, which means there is a relationship between the ability to master the concept and the ability to solve problems. The conclusion of the research shows that inquiry learning on work and energy materials can improve students' concept mastery and problem-solving abilities

Keberadaan gua umumnya hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat wisata biasa atau bahkan belum dikembangkan menjadi obyek wisata. Dalam kajian ini, keberadaan gua tidak hanya dikembangkan sebagai tempat wisata biasa, namun dimanfaatkan sebagai wisata edukasi dan Pusat Kajian Ilmu Pengetahuan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk sosialisasi pengembangan fungsi Gua Lowo, Watulimo, Trenggalek sebagai Pusat Kajian Ilmu Pengetahuan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu sosialisasi yang bekerjasama dengan mitra Pemda Kecamatan Watulimo, Trenggalek yang diikuti oleh 30 peserta. Proses evaluasi dilakukan dengan instrumen kuisioner dan Focus Group Discussion. Kegiatan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini meliputi: pembuatan poster, buku perfectus, serta video yang berisi hasil penelitian sebelumnya, seperti peran gua dalam merekam perubahan iklim dan lingkungan dimasa lampau, perubahan arah medan magnet bumi, serta kejadian gempa dimasa lampau. Hasil kuesioner menunjukkan rata-rata 90% persen responden menyatakan sangat setuju karena mendapatkan pengetahuan baru, sehingga perlu mendapatkan pelatihan lanjutan untuk pemandu wisata profesional. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini dapat digunakan sebagai role model bagi pengembangan wisata gua di Indonesia.

Community service has been carried out in RW 12 Kel. Merjosari Malang to increase the potential and participation of the community in health environment. The increase in the number of Covid-19 patients in Malang Raya, about 3,378 people, presents that the Covid-19 virus has increased drastically both number of patients confirmed positive and patients who died. The problems faced by partners are not understanding the Covid-19 disease, weak resources, limited funds, and difficulty accessing information. The method is socialization by conducting discussions, optimizing citizen resources, monitoring and evaluation. The result is conducting discussions, developing resources, providing training, providing counseling and assistance. Citizen involvement is to provide a place to install spraying equipment, maintain spraying facilities, provide a place to conduct training, provide human resources ready to be trained voluntarily. Citizens' anxiety and restlessness were slightly reduced by increased community understanding. Citizens give a positive assessment of service. This is proven by the percentage of residents giving a positive rating on average 95.68%, consisting of 95.33% giving a positive response, and 4.67% giving a negative response.

This study aims to describe the scientific reasoning level of students in urban and rural areas on heat and temperature topic. This current study involved 104 students from two schools in urban areas and three schools in rural areas. The instrument used was a six-item essay test. The result showed that the students' scientific reasoning score was still low. However, based on the Mann–Whitney test, the study found that there was a significant difference in scientific reasoning scores between students in urban and rural areas. Both students in urban and rural areas were indicated to have higher proportional reasoning when compared to the other kinds of scientific reasoning. In particular, students’ proportional reasoning in urban areas was higher than in rural areas. The result also showed that probabilistic reasoning and correlational reasoning of students in the rural area tended to be unstable compared to students in the urban area. The implication is that physics teachers in the rural area should make maximum use of the facilities in practicing student reasoning skills.

Pandemi COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) telah memberikan dampak luas terhadap berbagai sektor kehidupan masyarakat, tidak terkecuali dalam sektor ekonomi. Salah satu pelaku ekonomi terdampak akibat adanya pandemi adalah Kelompok Petani Wanita Jahe (KPWJ) Kota Malang. Produk hilir yang dihasilkan KPJW adalah sirup rempah JaEnak yang memiliki nilai penjualan yang rendah, yakni kurang dari 100 pak/bulan, padahal Sirup JaeNak berpotensi meningkatkan imunitas tubuh di masa pandemik. Telah dilaksanakan upaya peningkatan pemasaran dengan memberikan pelatihan Branding Awarness dengan sumber dana PKM Universitas Negeri Malang. Metode peningkatan pemasaran dilaksakan dengan memberikan pelatihan digital marketing sebagai bagian dari Branding Awarness untuk memperbaiki pola pemasaran tradisional. Peserta pelatihan adalah anggota PKJW dan pertisipan PKJW. Metode evaluasi hasil pelatihan dilaksanakan dengan analisis deskriptif atas hasil kuisioner kepada peserta pelatihan. Hasil kusisioner menunjukkan bahwa peserta siap menerapkan hasil pelatihan. Pelatihan digital marketing ini menghasilkan media sosial pemasaran bagi PKJW yakni IG https://instagram.com/kampungbejo_malang?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=. Telah dihasilkan kesadaran legalitas produk dalam bentuk terbitnya PIRT dan evolusi nama produk sirup menjadi wejangan sebagai bentuk branding developing. The COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) pandemic has broadly impacted various sectors of people's lives, including the economic sector. One of the economic actors affected is the Women Ginger Farmer Group (KPWJ) in Malang City. KPJW produced JaEnak spice syrup with a low sales value of fewer than 100 packs/month, even though JaeNak syrup can potentially increase body immunity during a pandemic. The efforts to improve marketing could be by providing Branding Awareness training with funds from the State University of Malang (UM) Community Service. The marketing improvement method is carried out by providing digital marketing training as a part of Branding Awareness to improve traditional marketing patterns. The training participants were PKJW members and others. We evaluated the training results by using descriptive analysis of some questionnaires. As a result, the participants were ready to apply for this Digital Marketing training. This training has some outcomes: social media marketing for PKJW, namely IG https://instagram.com/kampungbejo_malang?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=. As the representation of awareness of branding, we also achieved the legality of the product in the form of the publication of PIRT and the evolution of the name of the syrup product.

Program pelatihan pembuatan daya listrik berbasis panel surya ini merupakan teknologi tepat guna yang perlu dikenalkan pada masyarakat, mengingat bahan dan peralatannya mudah diperoleh dipasaran. Adapun manfaat dari pelatihan ini untuk berbagai pihak, selain bagi warga miskin, namun juga bagi pihak masyarakat lain yaitu mendapatkan keterampilan dalam pembuatan daya listrik dari panel surya sehingga dapat menjaga penerangan rumah tangga menjadi murah. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada nasyarakat ini adalah terlaksana dengan baik, dan sebuah penerangan lampu LED 25 Wat 12 Volt dengan suber daya dari panel surya dengan penyimpanan arus menggunakan accu/aki 60 AH yang setiap malam beroperasi dari jam 18.00 sampai jam 24.00 setiap hari, serta perawatan peralatan daya litrik berbasis panel surya ini diserahkan kepada masyarakat sasaran yang telah ikut pelatihan. Abstract: This solar panel-based electrical power training program is an appropriate technology that needs to be introduced to the public, considering that the materials and equipment are easily available in the market. The benefits of this training are for various parties, apart from the poor, but also for other communities, namely gaining skills in making electricity from solar panels so that they can keep household lighting cheap. The results obtained from the implementation of this community service are carried out well, and a 25 Watt 12 Volt LED lamp with a power source from a solar panel with current storage using a 60 AH battery which operates every night from 18.00 to 24.00 every day , as well as the maintenance of solar panel-based electric power equipment is handed over to the target community who have participated in the training.

Correlational reasoning is a crucial skill for students in their daily lives. Correlational reasoning, therefore, should be taught in formal schools. However, a study about the improvement of correlational reasoning in instruction is still rarely disclosed. This study aims to explore the change in students’ correlational reasoning through STEM-based phenomenon learning. This study used a mixed-method approach involving 25 high school students in Malang, Indonesia. The result of this study showed that correlational reasoning could be taught in a classroom setting. Students’ correlational reasoning was improved after experiencing STEM-based phenomenon learning. The dominance is that students are still at level 2 - students show answers but are not related to each other, and level 3 - student explanations are only appropriate for one relationship. The study also showed that the most significant obstacles of students when they applied correlational reasoning was the failure to involve the whole variables related to a phenomenon. For further research, it is recommended to implement STEM-based phenomenon learning for longer durations.

Vortex dynamics in the type-II superconductor have been investigated based on the TDGL (Time-Dependent Ginzburg-Landau) model. The variation of pinning position in the form of normal material defect is varied to determine the free energy density in the material when subjected to an external magnetic field. The curves of each energy term in the Ginzburg-Landau energy equation provide information about the dynamics of the vortex until it reaches an equilibrium state. In addition, the effect of placing the defect position in overcoming the dissipation effect in the form of potential differential fluctuations is also discussed.

This study reports the effectiveness of multi-representational learning we developed to improve students’ understanding of kinematics concepts. The participants were 58 high school students in Malang, Indonesia. The effectiveness of the learning activities was measured by the normalized gain (N-gain) of the students’ scores on pretest to posttest, which used a test consisting of 20 multiple-choices items. We also concerned to find out any changes in the students’ reasoning, especially dealing with using a diagram, mathematical, and vectorial representations. For this purpose, we asked the students to write their reason in responding to each multiple-choice question. We then analyzed their responses qualitatively using the constant comparative method and quantitatively using paired t-test. We found that the learning activities effectively improved the students’ understanding of kinematics concepts with N-gain of 0.35. The students became fluently to determine velocity from given motion diagrams, determine the acceleration using the operational definition of acceleration, and apply vectors in kinematics.

SrTiO3 perovskite possesses high dielectric properties and is potentially applicable for a high-temperature thermoelectric as well as supercapacitor materials. Theoretically, the physical properties of SrTiO3 can be improved by the doping process. Modification of local structure changes crystal field or geometric distortion will, in turn, influence its electrical conductivity. Currently, SrTiO3 has been widely studied with various dopants. However, there has not been a comprehensive study about structural modification using multivalent magnetic ion of Chromium (Cr) and external magnetic fields on the electrical conductivity. Cr ions have various valences of 2+, 3+, 4+, 5+, 6+, and the symmetry of 4h with six coordination numbers, which can change the local structure of SrTiO3. Besides, the radius of Ti ion in SrTiO3 is about 67 pm with 4+ valence, while Cr has the symmetry of 4h for the 3+ valence. Under these conditions, Cr is expected to reduce the lattice parameters and a slight shift of apical oxygen to the basal plane of its local octahedral structure. Since Cr interacts with an electromagnetic field in the range of visible light, it might be expected that this compound would show a shift of bandgap energy. As the valence also changes to a possible mixed state, the physical properties may exist in complex states. SrTi1-xCrxO3 samples were prepared via solid-state reaction in the various molar ratio of Cr doping. The phase and structure were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction. XRD confirmed that the SrTi1-xCrxO3 compounds phase was successfully formed, and a slight change in lattice parameters was observed. The local octahedral six-fold symmetry structure of SrTi1-xCrxO3 compounds also changed to be tetragonal with the presence of Cr. Based on the EDX data, the composition of SrTi1-xCrxO3 compounds corresponded to the designated composition. Furthermore, the magnetic field induced I-V conductivity measurement showed that higher Cr fraction enhanced its electrical conductivity. SrTi1-xCrxO3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.1) optical band gap analysis from UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the bandgap is in the range of semiconductor materials.

The purpose of this research is to apply differential equations to predict future global cooling conditions. This can be done because the structure of the sun's layers is not static but is a dynamic both layers, depth, and interplanetary space dynamics. Thus, the dynamics of the sun will cause changes in the Earth's climate and climate. Sunspot data was obtained from LAPAN Watukosek Pasuruan. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations are performed by combining partial differential equations involving basic physical parameters depending on space and time. The flux-corrected-transport algorithm is improvised using the MHD stability algorithm and integrated with Lagrangian. The results of this study are sunspot data analysis giving rough estimates for early warning, and the results of the new combination are able to provide a more accurate physics domain. Magnetohydrodynamic simulation results show that there may be a shortage of sunspots in the long run so that the earth will experience global cooling by 2075.

Sebagai piranti pengkonversi energi panas menjadi usaha, mesin panas harus memasuki era miniaturisasi lebih atas piranti yang deskripsi teoritiknya hanya dapat dilakukan dengan mekanika kuantum. Dengan demikian perlu dikonstruksi formulasi yang dapat mengendalikan sistem kuantum untuk menjalani proses termodinamis penyusun sistem mesin panas. Telah dilakukan rekonstruksi proses adiabatis dan isovolume sistem piston 1D dengan zat kerja 2 partikel kuantum yang simetri. Metode yang digunakan adalah model analogi dengan sistem termodinamika sebagai domain analogi dan sistem mekanika kuantum sebagai domain target. Pemodelan analogi meliputi analogi sistem dari piston menjadi kotak 1D dan analogi proses yang mengimplementasikan hukum pertama termodinamika untuk sistem kuantum. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah formulasi dan konfigurasi keadaan sistem, representasi energi selama proses isovolume dan adiabatik dan persamaan keadaan yang setara dengan persaman gas ideal. Dengan dihasilkannya mekanisme proses adiabatic dan isovolume sistem kuantum, akan dapat dibangun suatu proses siklus mesin Otto kuantum sistem 2 partikel simetri dan deskripsi efisiensinya.

Many supercapacitor studies focus on materials that are inflexible and have low specific capacitance. The addition of low dimension metals such as silver nanoparticles (AgNP) into the BaTiO3-Graphite-Activated Carbon (AC)/Aluminum foil showed a change in structure and morphology. The AC and graphite are generally used as necessary materials for supercapacitors. Adding AgNP is expected to increases the general mobility and specific capacitance of BaTiO3-Graphite-AC/Aluminum foil. In this study, we report the effect of AgNP into Graphite-AC-BaTiO3/Al foil symmetric supercapacitors. In the first step, we prepared nanocomposite comprises (x)AgNP-graphite-AC-BaTiO3. The dense solution then deposited on to clean aluminum foil as an electrode. The symmetric supercapacitors were sandwiched using two electrodes separated by a separator and electrolyte. It is shown that the crystal structure and morphology change with the addition of AgNP. The Optimum capacitance of Ag-BaTiO3-Graphite-AC/Aluminum Foil supercapacitor obtained from LCR meter of 1.9×10−5 F/g and dielectric constant of 1.03×106. The cyclic voltammetry test for three-electrode systems produces a specific capacitance of 8.95 F/g and 0.83 F/g for testing two electrode systems. We obtained that the increase of AgNP increases the specific capacitance of the electrode and supercapacitor to the optimum at 0.06 g Ag.

This study aims to determine the problem solving abilities of high school students in solving physics problem topic working and energy. A total of 64 respondents solved physics problem about work and energy which consisted of four questions. The students' answers were evaluated using a rubric consisting of five indicators, namely useful description (UD), physics approach (PA), specific application of physics (SPA), mathematical procedures (MP), and logical progression (LP). The data analysis technique used qualitative descriptive. The results of the analysis show that the score of students' problem solving abilities is in a sufficient category, with the dominant score on indicators UD, PA and SPA. Students get poor score criteria on MP and LP indicators. In this case, students experience some difficulties, among others, students' mistakes in applying physics concepts in mathematical equations, students' mistakes in using equations that are not relevant to the problems presented and students' mistakes in using calculations that do not focus on the problem presented.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa SMA dalam memecahkan persoalan usaha dan energi. Sejumlah 64 responden mengerjakan soal usaha dan energi yang terdiri atas empat soal uraian. Hasil jawaban siswa dikoreksi dengan menggunakan rubrik yang terdiri atas lima indikator, yaitu usefull description (UD), physics approach (PA), spesific application of physics (SPA), mathematical procedures (MP), dan logical progression (LP). Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa skor kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa berada dalam kategori cukup, dengan dominan skor pada indikator UD, PA dan SPA. Siswa mengalami kriteria kurang baik pada indikator MP dan LP. Dalam hal ini, siswa mengalami beberapa kesulitan, antara lain, kesalahan dalam mengaplikasikan konsep dalam persamaan matematis, menggunakan persamaan yang tidak relevan dengan permasalahan yang dipaparkan menggunakan perhitungan yang tidak fokus pada problem yang disajikan.

This study aims to explore the understanding of students' concepts based on the experience of authentic phenomenom-based learning in static fluid material. The method in this study using a mix method approach with embedded experimental model research design. The data were obtained based on the isomorphic multiple choice test and interview support. Through data analysis, the results of the calculation of N-Gain values were obtained which showed there was an increase in students' understanding of concepts in the medium category and the effect size in the low category. Qualitatively, after experiencing authentic learning based on the phenomenon of understanding concepts students experience changes that lead to understanding the correct concepts in each isomorphic.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pemahaman konsep siswa berdasarkan pengalaman authentic learning berbasis fenomena pada materi fluida statis. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix method dengan desain penelitian embedded experimental model. Data diperoleh berdasarkan tes pilihan ganda berbentuk isomorfik dan dukungan wawancara. Melalui analisis data, diperoleh hasil perhitungan nilai N-Gain yang menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan pemahaman konsep siswa pada kategori sedang serta effect size pada kategori rendah. Secara kualitatif, setelah mengalami authentic learning berbasis fenomena pemahaman konsep, siswa mengalami perubahan menuju pemahaman konsep yang benar pada setiap isomorfik.

This research is aimed to describe students’ problem-solving skill in phenomenon-based experiential learning especially in the subtopics of temperature and expansion. The problem-solving skill is one of the vital skills in physics learning that should be applied in measuring students’ understanding level. This research used a mixed-method approach with research design of an embedded experimental model for 32 eleventh graders of State Senior High Schools in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The data were collected by pretest and posttest using tests and interview. The result shows that there is an improvement of students’ problem-solving skill after being taught by using phenomenon-based experiential learning. The calculation result of the N-Gain score showed the improvement of students’ problem-solving skill on a moderate category and the calculation result of d-Cohen effects size in on strong category. Meanwhile, the result of the qualitative calculation showed that students’ problem-solving skill is improved from beginner category to expert category that is 62.5%. The students’ problem-solving skill should be intensively trained by using contextual scientific problems in daily life.

This research was aimed to analyze the mastery of the concept of pressure on interactive demonstration learning model with formative feedback. The study involved 45 students of class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Rembang. The learning process is designed using the interactive learning demonstration stages in which it integrates with formative feedback. Tests form two-tiers as a measure of mastery of student concepts given before and after learning. The test results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The result of the analysis shows that the learning has an influence on the mastery of student concept with very strong category (very strong). The result of the improvement of students' master comprehension score before and after learning is in the medium category. Students experience an increased level of mastery of the concept from low to high on cognitive indicators of inhibiting (C1), and an increase in concept mastery level from low to moderate on understanding indicators (C2). Overall score indicator mastery of the concept of pressure. In the cognitive indicators of understanding (C3) and analysis (C4) has increased in the low category. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penguasaan konsep tekanan pada model pembelajaran interactive demonstration disertai formative feedback. Penelitian ini melibatkan 45 siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Rembang. Proses pembelajaran dirancang menggunakan tahapan-tahapan pembelajaran interactive demonstration yang didalamnya terintegrasikan dengan formative feedback. Tes bentuk two-tiers sebagai alat ukur penguasaan konsep siswa yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran. Hasil tes dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran tersebut memiliki pengaruh terhadap penguasaan konsep siswa dengan kategori sangat kuat (very strong). Hasil peningkatan skor penguasaan konsep siswa sebelum dan setelah pembelajaran berada pada kategori sedang. Siswa mengalami peningkatan level penguasaan konsep dari rendah menuju tinggi pada indikator kognitif mengingat (C1), dan mengalami peningkatan level penguasaan konsep dari rendah menuju sedang pada indikator memahami (C2). Secara keseluruhan, skor indikator penguasaan konsep tekanan. Pada indikator kognitif memahami (C3) dan analisis (C4) mengalami peningkatan yang masih dalam kategori rendah.

This study aims to find out the effect of conceptual scaffolding on Problem Based Learning toward problem solving skills. This research uses nonequivalent control group design with 32 students experimental class and 30 students control class. The test used consisted of a pretest of 13 multiple choice questions with a reliability value of 0.827 and a posttest of 10 essay questions with a reliability value of 0.615. The research hypothesis was tested using ANCOVA and indicate that conceptual scaffolding on PBL given effect to problem solving skills of 67,1% and experimental class average higher than control class. This indicate that there’s effect of conceptual scaffolding on PBL toward problem solving skills. So it’s recommended that conceptual scaffolding on PBL be applied to other physics concepts. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh scaffolding konseptual dalam Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan nonequivalent control group design dengan sampel sebanyak 32 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 30 siswa kelas kontrol. Tes yang digunakan terdiri dari pretest berupa 13 soal pilihan ganda dengan nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,827 dan posttest berupa 10 soal esai dengan nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,615. Hipotesis penelitian diuji menggunakan ANCOVA dan menunjukkan bahwa scaffolding konseptual dalam Problem Based Learning memengaruhi kemampuan pemecahan masalah sebesar 67,1% dan nilai rerata kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol. Ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh scaffolding konseptual dalam problem based learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Jadi, disarankan agar scaffolding konseptual dalam problem based learning diterapkan pada konsep fisika lainnya.

Understanding of concepts and scientific reasoning are an important components of the Physics learning process. One of the importance of understanding the concept and scientific reasoning is facilitating students in understanding and applying concepts obtained for everyday life. This article aims to describe students' understanding of concept and scientific reasoning on Static Fluid topic. This research used mixed methods explanatory design with 31 students of class XII IPA who have obtained Fluid Static topic. The instruments used are 10 items of essay for conceptual comprehension and 20 multiple choice items justified for scientific reasoning with substantial reliability in order, ie 0.702 and 0.745. The results show that students still have difficulty in understanding the concept of Fluid Static and still have a low scientific reasoning. Students' understanding of hydrostatic pressure sub topic is 18%, Pascal's Law of 21%, and Law Archimedes of 2.2%. Scientific reasoning aspects used in this research are mass conservation reasoning, proportional reasoning, variable control, reasoning probability, correlation reasoning, and hypotetical deductive reasoning. Sequentially, the low level of students' scientific reasoning on Static Fluid material in each criterion is indicated by the following percentages: 24%, 40%, 34%, 25%, 48%, and 20%. Based on the results obtained, that the difficulties of students in general exist on the determination of factors that affect the phenomenon of each sub-material. Abstrak: Pemahaman konsep dan penalaran ilmiah merupakan komponen penting dalam proses pembelajaran Fisika. Salah satu pentingnya dari pemahaman konsep dan penalaran ilmiah adalah dapat memberikan kemudahan siswa dalam memahami dan mengaplikasikan konsep yang diperoleh untuk kehidupan sehari-hari. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman konsep dan penalaran ilmiah siswa pada materi Fluida Statis. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan mixed methods explanatory design dengan subyek penelitian 31 siswa di kelas XII IPA yang telah memperoleh materi Fluida Statis. Instrumen yang digunakan dengan 10 butir soal esai untuk pemahaman konsep dan 20 butir soal pilihan ganda beralasan untuk penalaran ilmiah dengan besar reliabilitas secara berurutan, yaitu 0,702 dan 0,745. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa masih mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep Fluida Statis dan masih memiliki penalaran ilmiah yang rendah. Pemahaman konsep siswa pada sub materi tekanan hidrostatis sebesar 18%, Hukum Pascal sebesar 21%, dan Hukum Archimedes sebesar 2,2%. Aspek penalaran ilmiah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu penalaran konservasi massa, penalaran proporsional, kontrol variabel, penalaran probabilitas, penalaran korelasi, dan hypotetical deductive reasoning. Secara berurutan rendahnya tingkat penalaran ilmiah siswa pada materi Fluida Statis di masing-masing kriteria, ditunjukkan dengan persentase sebagai berikut: 24%, 40%, 34%, 25%, 48%, dan 20%. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, bahwa kesulitan siswa secara umum terdapat pada penentuan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada fenomena masing-masing sub materi.

There is increasing demand for high quality products at a competitive price. Tuna is a prime commodity with strict quality standards. The research question addressed is whether the tuna handling system used by hand line fishermen operating out of Donggala fishing port (PPI Donggala) is still poor, affecting quality and thus lowering the market value of the fish they catch. The goal of this research was to contribute towards improvements in tuna handling by hand line fishermen from the Donggala fishing port. Thus the main benefit should be an improvement in the quality of the fish landed. The research was carried out during April-May 2014 at the Donggala fishing port in Central Sulawesi. Data were collected through observation and interviews. Data were collected from representative individuals through purposive sampling. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Analysis of data was undertaken with the approach strengths weaknesses opportunities threats (SWOT) analysis of a training strategies the handling of the good fish on board. Based on the strengths of the analysis of threats opportunities weaknesses (SWOT) produced four strategy. The strategy is SO, ST, WO and the strategy WT. The fourth strategy is good to be applied, but see the position of the system is in a quadrant five (v), then the most appropriate strategy is WO and ST. The combination strategy WO are increased knowledge about the quality and skill handler’s tuna fish. Another thing that needs to be done that is the addition of the tools like ring tuna dan killing spike. Ring the functioning to hold the movement of the process of hauling and killing spike to deadly fish tuna. Combination strategy that is making ST it self standard operating prosedure (SOP) handling of good; as well as improving work competence.

Problem solving ability is one of competency that must to be achieved by vocational students. This study aimed to describe the problem solving ability of students to the concept of impulse, momentum, and impulse momentum theorem. The study was conducted to 28 students of class XI Light Vehicle Engineering in one of SMK in Blitar in the academic year 2016/2017. The data description of student’s problems solving ability obtained through tests and interviews. Analysis data was performed by analyzing the test results per item answers to questions. The results showed that the students' problem-solving ability is still less than optimal, namely on the indicator determines the strategy, applying strategies and evaluate solutions. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah menjadi salah satu kompetensi yang harus dicapai oleh siswa SMK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada konsep impuls, momentum, dan teorema impuls momentum. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 28 siswa Kelas XI Teknik Kendaraan Ringan di salah satu SMK Negeri di Kabupaten Blitar Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Data kesulitan pemecahan masalah siswa diperoleh melalui tes uraian dan wawancara. Analisis data hasil tes dilakukan dengan menganalisis jawaban per butir soal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa yang masih kurang optimal yaitu pada indikator menentukan strategi, mengaplikasikan strategi, dan mengevaluasi solusi.

Impulse momentum theorem is one of the fundamental principles of physics, especially in mechanics. Therefore, students’ understanding of impulse and momentum will contribute to their success in learning physics. This study exposed common students difficulties in solving problems related to impulse and momentum. The subjects consisted of 175 students of a Senior High School in Malang, 70 students of grade XI who recently learned about impulse and momentum and 105 students of grade XII who relearned the topic for national examination preparation. The data were gathered using multiple-choice test with open explanation and confidence rating scale. The study concluded that the students’ difficulties were not only caused by their lack understanding of the concepts but also by their deficiency in using vectors.

This research is a mixed methods study aiming at discovering kinematics material concept mastery on X Graders of Senior High School. The subject of this study consisted of 35 students in SMA Negeri 1 Batu. The instrument of this study was multiple choice test amounted to 20 items comprised of three materials which include rectilinear motion, parabolic motion, and circular motion which are represented by representation format. The results showed that the conceptual mastery of the three materials is confirmed improving in the average category. It indicated that multi-representation learning could improve the conceptual mastery on kinematics material. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed methods yang bertujuan mengungkap penguasaan konsep materi kinematika pada siswa SMA kelas X. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 35 siswa di SMA Negeri 1 di Kota Batu. Instrumen tes berupa soal pilihan ganda sebanyak 20 butir yang terdiri atas 3 materi, yaitu gerak lurus, gerak parabola, dan gerak melingkar yang disajikan dalam berbagai format representasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan konsep pada ketiga materi mengalami kenaikan dalam kategori sedang. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembelajaran multi representasi dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep materi kinematika.

Penelitian lampu LED bawah air dilakukan untuk merancang dan membuat lampu LED bawah air sebagai alat bantu pemikat ikan, untuk menganalisis kekuatan bahan yang digunakan, untuk menganalisis nilai iluminasi cahaya dan distribusi yang dihasilkan dari lampu, dan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis hasil tes dari lampu LED bawah air. Penelitian ini dibagi atas tiga tahap, kegiatan pengujian material, perancangan dan pembuatan lampu LED bawah air, dan uji coba lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai beban maksimum yang dapat ditahan oleh resin berkisar antara 914.27-1177.34 kgf/cm2 . Nilai beban maksimum yang dapat ditahan oleh akrilik 1.238.65-1539.30 kgf/cm2 . Desain instrumen dibangun untuk digunakan dalam air, dengan bahan dan resin akrilik sebagai perlindungan/ tahan air. Desain lampu yang dibuat terintegrasi dengan sistem kamera CCTV untuk memudahkan deteksi ikan. Lampu LED yang digunakan adalah jenis tipe RGB High Power LED 10 watt yang dihubungkan dengan water proof driver step down tipe CC-CV (QSKJ) LED driver dengan spesifikasi IN: DC.7-35V OUT: DC.2-30V. Jumlah driver yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 9 buah, dimana lampu bagian atas sebanyak 6 lampu dihubungkan dengan 1 driver untuk setiap warna. Sedangkan pada lampu bagian bawah, setiap 3 lampu dihubungkan dengan 1 driver pada setiap warna. Hasil pengukuran intensitas cahaya pada medium udara menunjukkan cahaya biru memiliki intensitas yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan warna merah dan putih. Jenis ikan yang ditangkap selama 5 kali trip bagan apung adalah sebanyak 8 spesies, terdiri dari Auxis sp., Loligo sp., Rastrelliger sp., Trichiurus sp., Sardinella sp., Decapterus sp., dan Leiognathus sp. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan selama 5 trip menunjukkan tangkapan dominan adalah ikan petek (Leiognathus sp.) sebanyak 288 spesies, dan Loligo sp. sebanyak 266 spesies. Rumpon elektronik pada bagan yaitu dengan menambah intensitas dan daya pada atraktor cahaya, serta adanya kajian lebih dalam terhadap frekuensi suara yang direspon oleh ikan.

Suhu permukaan laut (SPL) dan klorofil-a (CHL) merupakan parameter oseanografi yang penting dan sering digunakan untuk memprediksi daerah penangkapan potensial menggunakan remote sensing. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan memetakan daerah penangkapan ikan cakalang di Laut Banda dan sekitanya Provinsi Maluku berdasarkan perubahan musim. Data SPL dan CHL diambil dari analisis data citra satelit, hasil observasi sensor Aqua MODIS level 3 dengan resolusi spasial 4 km dan resolusi temporal bulan dan musiman. Data citra dianalisis dengan program SEADAS 5.2. Hasil analisis menunjukkan suhu permukaan laut (SPL) dan konsentrasi klorofil-a di Laut Banda dan sekitarnya mengalami fluktuasi dari bulan ke bulan. Kondisi ini mempengaruhi fluktuasi SPL dan CHL musiman. Rata-rata suhu tertinggi berada pada musim barat dan pancaroba pertama sedangkan suhu terendah di musim timur. Berbeda dengan konsentrasi klorofil-a, tertinggi pada musim timur dan terendah pada musim pancaroba pertama. Ada korelasi antara peningkatan suhu dan penurunan konsentrasi klorofil-a. Suhu permukaan laut juga memiliki korelasi negatif dengan CPUE dan mempengaruhi pembentukan daerah penangkapan ikan. Daerah penangkapan cakalang di Laut Banda dengan CPUE tertinggi pada semua musim ada di sebelah barat Pulau Seram sekitar Pulau Buano, Kelang dan Manipa atau pada posisi 126,7o-128o BT dan 2.6o-3.4o LS, di sekitar Laut Banda pada posisi 127o-130,3o BT dan 3.2o-4o LS.

Study on LED underwater lamp as fish aggregating device was conducted todesign and construct the LED underwater lights, to analyze strength of materials used, to analyze the light illumination value and distribution generated from the lamp, and to describe and analyze the test results of the underwater LED lights constructed. This study was divided into three stages, 1) the material testing activities; 2) designing and constructing the LED activities; and 3) the field trials. Based on the results showed that the value of the maximum load that can be retained by the resin ranged from 914.27 to 1177.34 kgf/cm2. The value of the maximum load that can be held by acrylic ranges from 1238.65 to 1539.30 kgf/cm2. Design of instrument built for use in the water, with the material and acrylic resin as a protection/ waterproof. Design of the lamps weremade integrated with a CCTV camera system to facilitate the detection of fish. The LED lights used were a type of RGB High Power LED of 10 watt connected with waterproof driver adjustable step down CC-CV (QSKJ) led driver IN: DC.7-35V OUT: DC.2-30V. The number of drivers used were as many as 9 pieces, where the top of the lamp every 6 pieces of light connected with 1 driver for each color, while for the bottom of every 3 pieces of light connected with 1 pieces driver for each color. The results of measurements of the intensity of light at air showed medium that emits blue light, the most high intensity light than red and white. Type of fish caught during the 5 timesfishing trip was as much as 8 species, consisting of Auxis sp., Loligo sp., Rastrelliger sp., Trichiurus sp., Sardinella sp., Decapterus sp., and Leiognathus sp. The results of tests performed during 5 times fishing trip showed dominant catch of Leiognathus sp. as much as 288 species, and Loligo sp. as much as 266 species.

Sea surface temperature (SST) and a-chlorophyll (CHL) were important and they were often used to predict potential fishing ground by using remote sensing. The objectives of the present study were analysis and mapped fishing ground of skipjack in the Banda Sea and its surrounding Moluccas Province according to monsoon. SST and CHL data were taken from satellite citra data analysis, observed by sensor Aqua MODIS level 3 with spatial resolution 4 km and temporal resolution month and monsoon. Citra data were analyzed by using SEADAS 5.2. software. The analysis showed that sea surface temperature (SST) and a-chlorophyll concentration in the Banda Sea and its surrounding fluctuated from month by month. This condition affected seasonal fluctuation of SST and CHL. The average of highest temperature was in West monsoon and first transitional monsoon whereas the lowest was in East monsoon. Otherwise, a-chlorophyll concentration was highest in East monsoon and lowest was in first transitional monsoon. There was a correlation between temperature increasing and a-chlorophyll concentration decreasing. Sea surface temperature has also a negative correlation to CPUE and influenced fishing ground forming. Fishing ground in Banda Sea with highest CPUE during all monsoon was located on Western part of Seram Island: Buano, Kelang and Manipa Islands or situated on 126,70-1280 E and 2,60-3,40 S. The position surrounding Banda Sea lied on 127º-130,3º E and 3,2º-4º S.

The purpose of this study is to determine the increase of mastery concept in static fluid in inquiry learning with theoretical empirical reviews. The research method uses descriptive analysis. The research subjects consisted of 31 students of SMAN 9 Malang. The measurement instrument is a concept of mastery test questions in the form of a multiple choice of 15 items. The calculation of the question reliability is 0.588 with quite high criteria. The results showed that there was an increase in mastery of the concept of static fluid. The results of the N-gain calculation show that 58% of students are in the upper medium category. This finding indicates that IDAET learning can improve mastery of the concept of static fluid.Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan penguasaan konsep fluida statis dalam pembelajaran inquiry-discovery dengan tinjauan empiris teoritis. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 31 siswa SMAN 9 Malang. Instrumen pengukuran berupa soal tes penguasaan konsep dalam bentuk pilihan ganda sebanyak 15 butir. Perhitungan reliabilitas soal sebesar 0,588 dengan kriteria cukup tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan penguasaan konsep fluida statis. Hasil perhitungan N-gain diperoleh bahwa 58% siswa berada pada kategori medium atas. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembelajaran IDAET dapat meningkatkan penguasaan konsep fluida statis

This study aims to determine the effect of authentic learning based on inquiry for STEM educaton on mastery of students' concepts in work and energy material. Research was conducted on 1 class. The results of this study were seen from the values before being treated using authentic learning based on inquiry for STEM education after being treated using the same learning. The sample of this study was 32 students in class X at SMA Katolik St. Familia Wae Nakeng. The instrument used is a matter of number 5 essay. Data is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively (N-Gain, effect size). The results show that authentic learning based on inquiry for STEM education affects the mastery of students' concepts, especially in work and energy materials.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui menguji pembelajaran authentic berbasis inquiry for STEM education terhadap penguasaan konsep peserta didik pada materi usaha dan energi. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap satu kelas. Hasil penelitian ini dilihat dari rata-rata nilai sebelum diberi perlakuan menggunakan pembelajaran authentic berbasis inquiry for STEM education dengan rata-rata nilai setelah diberi perlakuan dengan menggunakan pembelajaran yang sama. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 32 peserta didik kelas X. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal esai lima nomor. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif (N-gain, effect size). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran authentic berbasis inquiry for STEM education nmemengaruhi penguasaan konsep peserta didik terutama pada materi usaha dan energi.

The trend of 21st century education is learning based on scientific literacy. Scientific literacy is a key for improving science education in many countries in the world. This article aims to give a profile of the scientific literacy of senior high school students of class XII in the year 2019 in optic subject. This research was conducted with Survey methods. The data is done by providing scientific literacy problem in the form of essays. The subjects of research is the students of class XII at two SMAN Kerinci Regency. Results of this research is scientific literacy of students still low. So that Indonesia can afford prices in the era of the 21st century education, thope that this research can help in determining the solution for improve the ability of students ' scientific literacy.Abstrak: Tren pendidikan abad-21 adalah pembelajaran yang berpatokan pada Literasi Saintifik yang dijadikan sebagai kunci utama dalam meningkatkan pendidikan sains di banyak Negara di dunia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang kemampuan Literasi Saintifik siswa SMA kelas XII pada tahun 2019 terhadap materi Optik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan memberikan soal literasi saintifik yang berbentuk esai. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa-siswa kelas XII di dua SMAN yang ada di kabupaten Kerinci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi saintifik siswa masih rendah. Agar Indonesia mampu bersaing di era pendidikan abad-21, diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan solusi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi saintifik siswa.

This research examines the increase of students’ ability in working with graph. This research is conducted by involving 58 students in class X SMA Negeri 5 Malang as the subjects. Students are given kinematics learning by making models of various representations including graphics. The ability of students are assessed using multiple choice questions in graphic format. The improvement of students’ ability is observed from the average score pretest and posttest. The analysis shows that there is a significant increase (p = 0.00) with the results of the N-Gain calculation of 0.25 including the medium category. Students are able to change the understanding of graph after learning even though the WYSIWYG effect is still very influential on the way students interpretation graph.Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji peningkatan kemampuan siswa bekerja dengan grafik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan subjek 58 siswa kelas X SMA N 5 Malang. Siswa diberikan pembelajaran kinematika dengan membuat model berbagai representasi termasuk grafik. Kemampuan siswa diukur menggunakan soal-soal multiple choice dalam format grafik. Peningkatan kemampuan siswa ditinjau dari skor rata-rata pretest dan posttest. Analisis menunjukkan ada peningkatan signifikan (p=0,000) dengan hasil perhitungan N-Gain sebesar 0,25 termasuk kategori sedang. Siswa mampu mengubah pemahaman tentang grafik setelah pembelajaran meskipun efek WYSIWYG masih sangat berpengaruh pada cara siswa menginterpretasikan grafik.

This research was aimed to describe problem solving skill in Experiential Learning based on the phenomenon, particularly about heat and temperatur. This study was conducted using mix method approach with embedded experimental model research design. The data were collected through pretest and posttest using test and interview. The result of N-Gain Score calculation showed that there are increase in student’s skill on solving problem about temperature and calorie is in moderate category, and the result of d-cohen effect size is in moderate category. At the same time the result of qualitative calculation on student solving skill showed there are 9,4% students in low category, 53,1% student in medium category, and 37,5% student are in high category after experiencing phenomenon based Experimental Learning. Student’s skill in problem solving has to be practiced more intensively using real-life problem in daily life.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa dalam pembelajaran Experiential Learning berbasis fenomena terutama pada suhu dan kalor. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix method dengan desain penelitian embedded experimental model. Data dikumpulkan melalui pretest dan posttest menggunakan tes dan wawancara. Hasil perhitungan N-Gain score menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan suhu dan kalor dalam kategori sedang dan hasil perhitungan d-cohen effect size dalam kategori sedang. Sementara itu, hasil perhitungan kualitatif kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa melalui crosstabulation menunjukkan sebanyak 9,4% siswa berada pada kategori rendah, 53,1% siswa pada kategori sedang, dan 37,5% siswa pada kategori tinggi setelah mengalami Experiential Learning berbasis fenomena. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa perlu dilatih lebih intensif menggunakan masalah nyata dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

This study investigated the influence of refraction index strength on the light propagation in refraction index-varied dielectric material. This dielectric material served as photonic lattice. The behavior of light propagation influenced by variation of refraction index in photonic lattice was investigated. Modes of the guiding light were determined numerically using squared-operator iteration method. It was found that the greater the strength of refraction index, the smaller the guiding modes.

Perovskite solar cells have attracted the researchers' attention because they are one of the most promising candidates that are cheap, easy to fabricate and high-efficiency solar cell. ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) can be used as an electron and hole recombination barrier to improve the perovskite solar cell performance. This research aimed to investigate the effect of growing time on the characteristics of ZnO NRs and its application for perovskite solar cell device. The ZnO NRs was synthesized on ITO substrate by hydrothermal method at the different growing times of 4, 6, and 8 hours. The CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells were deposited on the top of ZnO NRs/ITO thin films by a two-stage spin coating method. The solar cell devices were characterized by using XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, UV-vis, and LCR meter. The results showed that ZnO NRs/ITO thin films were formed homogeneously and vertically oriented on all ITO substrates with hexagonal structures of zincite phases. When the growing time of ZnO NRs increased, the degree of homogeneity, density, and length of the rods enhanced as well. All the samples have the bandgap around 3.05 eV. The FTIR results showed the absorbent functional forces at 870 cm−1 and 1250 cm−1 related with H-C-N wavelengths, and ZnO wavelength ranges from 400 to 515 cm−1. The CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell device still contained PbI2 as impurities phase. The longer the growing time, the rods resulted by ZnO NRs had the wider diameter and the longer length and they were more homogenous. Meanwhile, the effect of the number of PbI2 impurities resulted in the higher dielectric and smaller current.

The quantum Diesel of a single fermion in 1D box system has been explored. The Fermion particle meets the Dirac's relativistic Hamiltonian with a chosen mass worth zero. This Relativistic Diesel engine research aims to obtain Diesel engine efficiency that utilizes massless fermion particles as a working substance. This study implements a modified analogy model of the classical analogue model to quantum with the implementation of the first law of thermodynamics for quantum systems so that quantum thermodynamic processes can be defined explicitly. The exploratory results of a single quantum fermion Diesel engine of a single massless system are efficiency formulation that is suitable for the efficiency of a classic Diesel engine, but its heat capacity ratio is unique, that is 2. Based on the value of heat capacity ratio, the efficiency is higher than the classical.