Search

Objetivo: Compreender as percepções dos enfermeiros sobre as repercussões no cuidado à criança com transtorno mental em uma unidade de internação pediátrica, em meio à pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 13 enfermeiros em uma unidade de pediatria geral em um hospital de grande porte no Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados conforme a Análise Temática. Resultados: Os entrevistados perceberam repercussões nas rotinas hospitalares devido à pandemia, como restrição das atividades de recreação; imposição de distanciamento social; limitação de visitas familiares; uso obrigatório de equipamentos de proteção individual; edificuldade contrarreferência do cuidado.Considerações finais: Os resultados caracterizaram o momento vivenciado na unidade, podendo proporcionar aos gestores da instituição ferramentas para a construção e implementação de novas práticas, possibilitando o atendimento das demandas dos cuidados em saúde mental à criança com transtornos mentais dentro das premissas da atenção psicossocial.Palavras-chave: COVID-19. Criança. Enfermagem. Transtornos mentais. Assistência hospitalar

O presente estudo tem como escopo delimitar a importância do tema na atualidade referente a possibilidade do nascituro concebido in vitro ter personalidade jurídica, e assim entender a proteção que é dada ao embrião. A abordagem do tema estuda brevemente a reprodução assistida e fertilização in vitro, os dispositivos legais que protegem a personalidade atualmente, as decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal e o respaldo da legislação atual como, por exemplo, da biossegurança.

Background By the use of complete or partial dental prosthesis, function, esthetics, and phonetics are reestablished. Few population-based studies are available in the literature using an older adult population. Objective Evaluate the use of and need for dental prostheses and their associated factors. Method This study included a random sample of 287 elderly, in the city of Cruz Alta, Brazil. Use of and need for dental prostheses were the main outcomes, and two analytical models were constructed. Subgroup analyses were performed for individuals using fixed partial denture (FPD) and removable (partial and/or complete) dental prosthesis (RDP). Results Use of and need for dental prosthesis were identified in 83.6% (n=240) and 42.5% (n=122) of the elderly, respectively. Women presented a significantly higher prevalence ratio (PR) for use of dental prostheses (PR=1.15; 95%IC:1.02–1.28) and lower need (PR=0.70; 95%IC:0.54–0.91). No statistically significant difference was demonstrated for the use of FPD regarding the sex. Higher education level was associated with lower use of prostheses (PR=0.73; 95%IC:0.58–0.91) when compared to lower level of education. Medium level of education showed a significantly lower need for dental prostheses (PR=0.61 – 95%IC:0.39–0.94). Those that did not consume alcohol presented with a significantly lower use of FPD and RDP (PR=0.46; 95%IC:0.23–0.93 and 0.90;0.81–0.99, respectively). Conclusion The use of and need for dental prostheses were associated with sex, level of education, and behavioral factors. Resumo Introdução Pelo uso de próteses dentárias completas ou parciais, função, estética e fonética são reestabelecidas. Poucos estudos de base população estão disponíveis na literatura utilizando a população idosa. Objetivo Avaliar o uso e a necessidade de prótese dentária, bem como seus fatores associados. Método Esse estudo incluiu uma amostra randômica de 287 idosos da cidade de Cruz Alta, no Brasil. Uso e necessidade de prótese dentária foram os desfechos primários, e dois modelos analíticos foram construídos. No uso de prótese dentária, análises de subgrupos foram realizadas para Prótese Parcial Fixa (PPF) e Prótese Removível (parcial e/ou completa) (PR). Resultados Uso e necessidade de prótese dentária foram detectados em 83,6% (n=240) e 42,5% (n=122) dos idosos, respectivamente. Mulheres apresentaram significativa maior Razão de Prevalência (RP) para o uso de prótese dentária (RP:1,15; IC95%:1,02–1,28) e menor necessidade (RP:0,70; IC95%:0,54–0,91). Nenhuma associação significativa foi encontrada para o uso de PPF em relação aos gêneros. Alto nível educacional esteve associado ao menor uso de prótese (RP:0,73; IC95%:0,58–0,91), quando comparado com escolaridade baixa. Escolaridade média mostrou significativa menor necessidade de prótese dentária (RP:0,61 – IC95%:0,39–0,94). Aqueles que não utilizam álcool apresentaram um menor uso de PPF e PR (RP:0,46; IC95%:0,23–0,93 e 0,90;0,81–0,99, respectivamente). Conclusão Uso e necessidade de prótese dentária estão associados ao gênero, nível educacional e fatores comportamentais.

Objetivo: Refletir sobre a saúde mental de enfermeiras mulheres e mães no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19.Método: Estudo teórico-reflexivo realizado a partir da literatura científica, fundamentado por literatura científica nacional e internacional e análise crítica dos autores.Resultados: As reflexões acerca da temática vão além do impacto no que se refere à maternidade na vida dessas mulheres, pois retrata uma questão de gênero e sobre o papel da mulher dentro da sociedade. O estresse da atividade laboral na linha de frente de uma pandemia somado às demandas dos filhos e do trabalho doméstico pode desencadear exaustão e repercussões na saúde mental.Conclusão: Cabe às trabalhadoras buscarem medidas individuais além de os gestores de saúde oportunizarem estratégias coletivas no ambiente de trabalho das instituições, proporcionando políticas públicas que corresponsabilizem tanto empregador quanto trabalhador e suas famílias. Palavras-chave: Saúde mental. Nursing. Pandemias. Mulheres. Mães.

Objective: To reflect on the mental health of nurses who are women and mothers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Theoretical-reflective study based on scientific literature, supported by national and international scientific literature, in addition to a critical analysis by the authors. Results: Reflections on the subject go beyond the impact of motherhood on these women's lives, as it portrays a gender issue and the role of women within society. The stress of working on the frontlines of a pandemic, added to the demands of children and housework, can trigger exhaustion and mental health repercussions. Conclusion: Workers must seek individual measures and health managers must enable collective strategies in the work environment of the institutions, proposing public policies that make both employers, workers and their families co-responsible.

The p.Val142Ile variant in transthyretin (encoded by the TTR gene) is the most common genetic cause of transthyretin-related amyloidosis. This allele is particularly prevalent in communities of African descent compared with populations of different ancestries, where its frequency is two orders of magnitude lower. For this reason, p.Val142Ile has always been considered an “African” variant, with limited studies performed on individuals of European descent. However, recent reports of higher-than-expected prevalence in European-ancestry populations question the African specificity of this allele. Here we show that the high recurrence of p.Val142Ile in central Italy is due to a founder effect and not to recent admixture from African populations, highlighting how this may be the case in other communities. This suggests a probable underestimate of the global prevalence of p.Val142Ile, and further emphasizes the importance of routine inclusion of TTR in gene panels used for clinical genetic testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (independently of the patient's geographical origin), that transthyretin-related amyloidosis can mimic. Figure.Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the 16 probands together with the 25044 individuals of the 1000 Genomes Project (Phase 3) having been genotyped both within the 1000 Genomes Project (NA10851_1KG) and in-house (NA10851_internal). The proband clustering within the smear of native Americans is A228.

Late prenatal development of the human neocortex encompasses a critical period of gliogenesis and cortical expansion. However, systematic single-cell analyses to resolve cellular diversity and gliogenic lineages of the third trimester are lacking. Here, we present a comprehensive single-nucleus RNA sequencing atlas of over 200,000 nuclei derived from the proliferative germinal matrix and laminating cortical plate of 15 prenatal, non-pathological postmortem samples from 17 to 41 gestational weeks, and 3 adult controls. This dataset captures prenatal gliogenesis with high temporal resolution and is provided as a resource for further interrogation. Our computational analysis resolves greater complexity of glial progenitors, including transient glial intermediate progenitor cell (gIPC) and nascent astrocyte populations in the third trimester of human gestation. We use lineage trajectory and RNA velocity inference to further characterize specific gIPC subpopulations preceding both oligodendrocyte (gIPC-O) and astrocyte (gIPC-A) lineage differentiation. We infer unique transcriptional drivers and biological pathways associated with each developmental state, validate gIPC-A and gIPC-O presence within the human germinal matrix and cortical plate in situ, and demonstrate gIPC states being recapitulated across adult and pediatric glioblastoma tumors.

O presente artigo é resultante de uma revisão de bibliografia e de textos normativos e tem por objetivo destacar avanços e iniciativas recentes, aptas a ampliar o espaço para o consenso no campo tributário, tais como os negócios jurídico-processuais, a transação tributária, a mediação e a conciliação. Além de abordar normativas atualizadas sobre a matéria, o artigo toca em questões controvertidas correlatas.

This article is the result of a review of literature and regulatory texts and aims to highlight recent advances and initiatives that can expand the space for consensus in the tax field, such as legal-procedural business, tax transaction, mediation and conciliation. In addition to exploring recent norms on the matter, the article explores some related controversial issues. O presente artigo é resultante de uma revisão de bibliografia e de textos normativos e tem por objetivo destacar avanços e iniciativas recentes, aptas a ampliar o espaço para o consenso no campo tributário, tais como os negócios jurídico-processuais, a transação tributária, a mediação e a conciliação. Além de abordar normativas atualizadas sobre a matéria, o artigo toca em questões controvertidas correlatas.

The p.Val142Ile variant in transthyretin (encoded by the TTR gene) is the most common genetic cause of transthyretin-related amyloidosis. This allele is particularly prevalent in communities ofAfrican descent compared with populations of different ancestries, where its frequency is two orders of magnitude lower. For this reason, p.Val142Ile has always been considered an "African" variant, with limited studies performed on individuals of European descent. However, recent reports of higher-than-expected prevalence in European-ancestry populations question the African specificity of this allele. Here we show that the high recurrence of p.Val142Ile in central Italy is due to a founder effect and not to recent admixture from African populations, highlighting how this may be the case in other communities. This suggests a probable underestimate of the global prevalence of p.Val142Ile, and further emphasizes the importance of routine inclusion of TTR in gene panels used for clinical genetic testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (independently of the patient's geographical origin), that transthyretin-related amyloidosis can mimic.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been studied for several decades now, mostly as a treatment for malignancies and hematological diseases but also for genetic metabolic disorders. Since many diseases that could be potentially treated with this approach develop early in life, studies of cell transplantation in newborn mice are needed, especially for gene therapy protocols. However, the small size of pups restricts the possibilities for routes of administration, and those available are normally technically challenging. Our goal was to test different routes of administration of Lin

SUMMARYMyeloid cells comprise the majority of immune cells in tumors, contributing to tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Incomplete understanding of myeloid cells response to tumor driver mutation and therapeutic intervention impedes effective therapeutic design. Here, by leveraging CRISPR/Cas9-based genomic editing, we generated a mouse model that is deficient of all monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP). Using this strain, we effectively abolished monocyte infiltration in glioblastoma (GBM) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) murine models, which were enriched for monocytes or neutrophils, respectively. Remarkably, eliminating monocyte chemoattraction invokes a significant compensatory neutrophil influx in GBM, but not in HCC. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that intratumoral neutrophils promoted proneural-to-mesenchymal transition in GBM, and supported tumor aggression by facilitating hypoxia response via TNF production. Importantly, genetic or pharmacological inhibiting neutrophil in HCC or qMCP-KO GBM extended the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our findings emphasize the importance of targeting both monocytes and neutrophils simultaneously for cancer immunotherapy.In BriefEliminating monocyte chemoattraction invokes compensatory neutrophil influx in tumor, and vice versa, rendering current myeloid-targeted therapies ineffective. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches combined with novel mouse models of GBM and HCC, we provide credence advocating for combinational therapies aiming at inhibiting both monocytes and neutrophils simultaneously.Highlights•Blocking monocyte chemoattraction results in increased neutrophil infiltration.•Increased neutrophil recruitment induces GBM PN to MES transition.•Inhibiting neutrophil infiltration in monocyte-deficient tumors improves mouse GBM survival.•Blocking neutrophil, but not monocyte, infiltration in HCC prolongs mouse survival.

Introduction: Considering the lack of specific treatments to neuropathic pain, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single dose adenosine A3 receptor IB-MECA in the inflammatory and neurotrophic parameters of rats submitted to a neuropathic pain model. Methods: 64 adults male Wistar rats were used. Neuropathic pain was induced by the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve and the treatment consisted in one dose of 0.5 μmol/kg of a selective agonist of adenosine A3 receptor IB-MECA dissolved in 3% DMSO; vehicle groups received DMSO 3% in saline; morphine groups received 5mg/kg Cerebral cortex and hippocampus IL-1β, BDNF and NGF levels were determined by ELISA assay. Results: The key finding was that a single dose of IB-MECA was able to modulate the IL-1β hippocampus levels CCI and the DMSO increased IL-1β and NGF hippocampus levels in sham animals; however, when the DMSO as an IB-MECA vehicle, this effect was not observed, indicating that IB-MECA was able to prevent the effect of DMSO. Conclusions: Considering that the IL-1β role in neuropathic pain is quite explored, as well as the hippocampus contributions, our result corroborates the relationship of A3 receptor and the chronic pain maintenance process. @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}

Here, we leveraged a large neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade trial in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to search for correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) within T cell-rich tumors. We show that ICB response correlated with the clonal expansion of intratumoral CXCL13+ CH25H+ IL-21+ PD-1+ CD4 T helper cells (CXCL13+ Th) and Granzyme K+ PD-1+ effector-like CD8 T cells, whereas terminally exhausted CD39hi TOXhi PD-1hi CD8 T cells dominated in non-responders. Strikingly, most T cell receptor (TCR) clones that expanded post-treatment were found in pre-treatment biopsies. Notably, PD-1+ TCF-1+ progenitor-like CD8 T cells were present in tumors of responders and non-responders and shared clones mainly with effector-like cells in responders or terminally differentiated cells in non-responders, suggesting that local CD8 T cell differentiation occurs upon ICB. We found that these progenitor CD8 T cells interact with CXCL13+ Th cells within cellular triads around dendritic cells enriched in maturation and regulatory molecules, or “mregDC”. Receptor-ligand analysis revealed unique interactions within these triads that may promote the differentiation of progenitor CD8 T cells into effector-like cells upon ICB. These results suggest that discrete intratumoral niches that include mregDC and CXCL13+ Th cells control the differentiation of tumor-specific progenitor CD8 T cell clones in patients treated with ICB.

Objetivo: Refletir sobre a saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem após um ano da pandemia de coronavírus.Método: Estudo teórico-reflexivo, fundamentado nas evidências encontradas em literatura científica nacional e internacional, baseado na elaboração discursiva sobre a temática e somado à percepção e análise crítica das autoras.Resultados: Após um ano de enfrentamento da pandemia observou-se uma piora da saúde mental dos profissionais da enfermagem, tendo em vista a sua continuidade e também o agravamento do cenário do sistema de saúde, com alto risco de contaminação e repercussões da doença na vida profissional e pessoal.Considerações finais: Cabe aos gestores das instituições de saúde a sensibilidade no entendimento e no atendimento de sofrimentos já existentes e também aqueles que certamente virão, possibilitando espaços que dialoguem e oportunizem a melhora e a manutenção da saúde mental dos trabalhadores da enfermagem. Palavras-chave: Pandemias. Saúde mental. Profissionais de enfermagem. Infecções por coronavírus.

Objetivo: Analisar os desafios e sugestões no cuidado ao paciente clínico com sintomas psiquiátricos na percepção dos enfermeiros em unidades de internação clínica de um hospital geral. Método: Estudo qualitativo, do tipo exploratório-descritivo. A coleta dos dados ocorreu nos meses de agosto a setembro de 2019, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 13 enfermeiros. Resultados: Os entrevistados apontaram como desafios para a execução do cuidado: o despreparo do atendimento em decorrência da baixa carga horária dos cursos de graduação e a dificuldade de acesso à consultoria psiquiátrica. Em relação às sugestões, os enfermeiros entendem a necessidade de qualificar o cuidado através de capacitações, conhecimento da unidade de internação psiquiátrica do hospital e melhor dimensionamento de pessoal. Considerações finais: É imprescindível que sejam suscitadas reflexões a respeito da assistência a essas pessoas em outras áreas, contribuindo para a inclusão da subjetividade no cuidado integral no campo da saúde mental.

Tumors exhibit widespread enhancer landscape reprogramming compared to normal tissue. The etiology is believed to be largely cell-intrinsic in non-hormonal cancers, attributed to such genomic alterations as focal amplification of non-coding regions, aberrant activation of transcription factors, and non-coding mutations creating de novo transcription factor binding sites. Here, using freshly resected primary CRC tumors and patient-matched adjacent normal colon epithelia, we find divergent epigenetic landscapes between primary CRC tumors and CRC cell lines. We identify a unique super-enhancer signature largely absent in cell culture. Intriguingly, this phenomenon extends to highly recurrent aberrant super-enhancers gained in CRC over patient-matched normal epithelium suggesting novel insight into the etiology of enhancer reprogramming in CRC and its downstream relevance to tumor biology. We find one such super-enhancer activated in epithelial cancer cells due to surrounding inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. CRISPR-dcas9-KRAB interference of this super-enhancer identifies PDZK1IP1 as its target gene. PDZK1IP1 is previously observed to be highly up-regulated in CRC. However, the mechanism behind its transcriptional activation is not fully understood. We restore both the super-enhancer and PDZK1IP1 levels following treatment with cytokines or xenotransplantation into nude mice, thus demonstrating its etiology via local tumor microenvironment acquisition. Deletion of inflammatory transcription factors RELA and STAT3 in human CRC cells inhibits PDZK1IP1 induction in xenografts. PDZK1IP1 appears to be critical for CRC growth in the setting of its super-enhancer induction as xenografts, but not in cell culture where the super-enhancer is absent and expression is largely silent. Building on its known role in glucose uptake via SGLT receptors, we demonstrate mechanistically that PDZK1IP1 enhances the reductive capacity CRC cancer cells via the pentose phosphate pathway using polar metabolomic profiling. We show this activation enables efficient growth under oxidative conditions both in vitro and in vivo, challenging the previous notion that PDZK1IP1 acts as a tumor suppressor in CRC. Collectively, these observations highlight the biologic significance of epigenomic profiling on patient-matched primary specimens and identify this microenvironment-acquired super-enhancer as an oncogenic driver in the setting of the inflamed tumor. Citation Format: Royce Zhou, Jia Xu, Tiphaine Martin, Alexis Zachem, John He, Sait Ozturk, Deniz Demircioglu, Ankita Bansal, Andrew Trotta, Bruno Giotti, Berkley Gryder, Yao Shen, Saul Carcamo, Xuewei Wu, Kaitlyn Bosch, Benjamin Hopkins, Alexander Tsankov, Randolph Steinhagen, Drew Jones, John Asara, Jerry Chipuk, Rachel Brody, Steven Itzkowitz, Iok In Christine Chio, Dan Hasson, Emily Bernstein, Ramon Parsons. A local tumor microenvironment acquired super-enhancer induces an oncogenic driver in colorectal carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3481.

Cancer genome sequencing studies have identified multiple novel tumor suppressor genes, including the FTSJD1 or CMTR2 gene that is subject to statistically significant levels of both nonsense and frameshift mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. However, these analyses are insufficient to determine the importance and modes of action of the gene in the disease. Follow-up functional studies are essential to elucidate these gene functions. The protein product of CMTR2 has been described as an mRNA cap methyltransferase, which O-methylates the ribose of the second guanine residue of the 5’ cap, likely serving to modify efficiency of transcript processing, translation and stability, but the details of how and why specific transcripts undergo methylation by the enzyme, as well as its role in oncogenesis, remain to be elucidated. In this study we report the first comprehensive analysis of the physiologic consequences of Cmtr2 deficiency in knockout (KO) mice and primary human cells. Constitutive deletion of Cmtr2 results in embryos that die in midgestation with defects in embryo size, placental malformation and yolk sac vascularization. Endothelial-specific deletion of Cmtr2 in mice also results in vascular defects and perinatal lethality, suggesting that vascular development is a key function of Cmtr2 in animals. In summary, our study reveals that Cmtr2 plays a critical role in vascular development, maturation and remodeling. Further studies of CMTR2 function may provide insight not only into lung cancer biology but also to its broader roles in ontogeny. Citation Format: Alena Yermalovich, Zarin Mohsenin, Bruno Giotti, Douglas Wheeler, Kelly Xu, Alexander Tsankov, Matthew Meyerson. An essential role for Cmtr2 in endothelial cell function and vascular development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4583.

Tumors exhibit enhancer reprogramming compared to normal tissue. The etiology is largely attributed to cell-intrinsic genomic alterations. Here, using freshly resected primary CRC tumors and patient-matched adjacent normal colon, we find divergent epigenetic landscapes between CRC tumors and cell lines. Intriguingly, this phenomenon extends to highly recurrent aberrant super-enhancers gained in CRC over normal. We find one such super-enhancer activated in epithelial cancer cells due to surrounding inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. We restore this super-enhancer and its expressed gene, PDZK1IP1, following treatment with cytokines or xenotransplantation into nude mice, thus demonstrating cell-extrinsic etiology. We demonstrate mechanistically that PDZK1IP1 enhances the reductive capacity CRC cancer cells via the pentose phosphate pathway. We show this activation enables efficient growth under oxidative conditions, challenging the previous notion that PDZK1IP1 acts as a tumor suppressor in CRC. Collectively, these observations highlight the significance of epigenomic profiling on primary specimens.

SummaryMonocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from blood circulation infiltrate and promote glioblastoma growth. Here we discover that glioma cells induce the expression of potent pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in MDM, which engages IL-1R1 in glioma cells, activates NF-κB pathway, and subsequently leads to the induction of monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCPs). Thus, a feedforward paracrine circuit of IL-1β/IL-1R1 between the tumors and MDM creates an interdependence driving glioblastoma progression. Locally antagonizing IL-1β/IL-1R1 leads to reduced MDM infiltration, diminished tumor growth, reduced exhausted CD8+T cells, and thereby extends the survival of tumor-bearing mice. In contrast to IL-1β, IL-1a exhibits anti-tumor effects. Genetic deletion ofIl1ais associated with decreased recruitment of lymphoid cells and loss of interferon (IFN) signaling in various immune populations and subsets of malignant cells. IL-1β antagonism of IL-1β should be considered as an effective anti-glioblastoma therapy.Graphical Abstract

Submitted by DSpace Unilasalle (dspace@unilasalle.edu.br) on 2021-08-02T15:56:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ilstorres.etal.pdf: 344129 bytes, checksum: 3c9bbbd6a5b28aeb04ad990951690d4a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-02T15:56:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ilstorres.etal.pdf: 344129 bytes, checksum: 3c9bbbd6a5b28aeb04ad990951690d4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Objectives Caffeine is extensively consumed as a psychostimulant drug, acting on A1 and A2A adenosine receptors blockade. Chronic exposure to caffeine during gestation and breast-feeding may be involved in infant rat's behavioral and biochemical alterations. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of chronic caffeine exposure during gestation and breast-feeding in the functionality of adenosine A1 receptors in infant rats at P14. NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities were also evaluated. Methods Mating of adult female Wistar rats was confirmed by presence of sperm in vaginal smears. Rats were divided into three groups on the first day of pregnancy: (1) control: tap water, (2) caffeine: 0.3 g/L until P14, and (3) washout caffeine: caffeine was changed to tap water at P7. Evaluation of nociceptive response was performed at P14 using hot plate (HP) and tail-flick latency (TFL) tests. A1 receptor involvement was assessed using caffeine agonist (CPA) and antagonist (DPCPX). Enzymatic activities assays were conducted in the spinal cord. Results Gestational and breastfeeding exposure to caffeine (caffeine and washout groups) did not induce significant alterations in thermal nociceptive thresholds (HP and TF tests). Both caffeine groups did not show analgesic response induced by CPA when compared to the control group at P14, indicating chronic exposure to caffeine in the aforementioned periods inhibits the antinociceptive effects of the systemic A1 receptor agonist administration. No effect was observed upon ectonucleotidase activities. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that chronic caffeine exposure in gestational and breastfeeding alters A1-mediated analgesic response in rats.

BACKGROUND This study assessed the effects of an acute stress model upon the long-term hyperalgesia induced by repeated morphine administration in neonatal rats. We also evaluated neurotrophins and cytokines levels; expressions of adenosine and acetylcholine receptors, and acetylcholinesterase enzyme at the spinal cord. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to morphine or saline administration from P8 to P14. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hyperesthesia were assessed using the hot plate (HP) and von Frey (vF) tests, respectively, at postnatal day P30 and P60. After baseline measurements, rats were subjected to a single exercise session, as an acute stress model, at P30 or P60. We measured the levels of BDNF and NGF, interleukin-6, and IL-10 in the cerebral cortex and the brainstem; and the expression levels of adenosine and muscarinic receptors, as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme at the spinal cord. RESULTS A stress exercise session was not able to revert the morphine-induced hyperalgesia. The morphine and exercise association in rats induced a decrease in the neurotrophins brainstem levels, and A1 , A2A , A2B receptors expression in the spinal cord, and an increase in the IL-6 cortical levels. The exercise reduced M2 receptors expression in the spinal cord of naive rats, while morphine prevented this effect. CONCLUSIONS Single session of exercise does not revert hyperalgesia induced by morphine in rats; however, morphine plus exercise modulate neurotrophins, IL-6 central levels, and expression of adenosine receptors.

Submitted by DSpace Unilasalle (dspace@unilasalle.edu.br) on 2021-08-02T19:11:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 bclopes.etal2.pdf: 928490 bytes, checksum: bf669722d86cf476c34fed69f52984f4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-02T19:11:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bclopes.etal2.pdf: 928490 bytes, checksum: bf669722d86cf476c34fed69f52984f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Submitted by DSpace Unilasalle (dspace@unilasalle.edu.br) on 2021-08-02T19:12:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 bclopes.etal2.pdf: 928490 bytes, checksum: bf669722d86cf476c34fed69f52984f4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-02T19:12:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bclopes.etal2.pdf: 928490 bytes, checksum: bf669722d86cf476c34fed69f52984f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Background Behavioral alterations, like mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, and modulation of biomarkers in the peripheral and central nervous systems (CNS) are markers of chronic pain. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with exercise is a promising therapy for pain due to its neuromodulatory capacity. Objective To assess the individual effects of tDCS, exercise, and the two combined on the nociceptive response and BDNF, IL-1β, and IL-4 levels in the CNS structures of rats in a chronic pain model. Methods For 8 consecutive days after the establishment of chronic neuropathic pain by inducing a constriction injury to the sciatic nerve (CCI), the rats received tDCS, exercise, or both treatments combined (20 min/day). The hyperalgesic response was assessed by von Frey and hot plate tests at baseline, 7, and 14 days after CCI surgery and immediately, 24 h, and 7 days after the end of treatment. The BDNF, IL-1β, and IL-4 levels were assessed in the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 48 h and 7 days after the end of treatment. Results The CCI model triggered marked mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. However, bimodal tDCS, aerobic exercise, and the two combined relieved nociceptive behavior for up to 7 days following treatment completion. Conclusions Bimodal tDCS, aerobic exercise, or both treatments combined promoted analgesic effects for neuropathic pain. Such effects were reflected by cytokine modulation throughout the spinal cord-brainstem-cerebral cortex axis.

Objective: To reflect on the mental health of nursing professionals one year after the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: Theoretical-reflective study based on evidence found in national and international scientific literature, on the discursive elaboration on the theme and including the authors' perception and critical analysis. Results: After one year facing the pandemic, nursing professionals experienced a worsening of their mental health, given the persistence and also the deterioration of the health system scenario, high risk of contamination and repercussions of the disease in professional and personal lives. Final considerations: Managers of health institutions are supposed to be sensitive to and understand the psychological distress faced, or to be faced, by nursing workers, by providing spaces for dialogue aimed to improve and maintain the mental health of these workers.

BACKGROUND: Population-based studies assessing the prevalence and associated factors of halitosis among older adults are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of self-reported halitosis and associated factors among older adults. METHOD: ology: Individuals aged ≥60 years were included. The main outcome was self-reported halitosis. Exposure variables were age, sex, skin color, level of education, marital status, presence of systemic health problems, use of medication, smoking exposure, alcohol exposure, access to dental care, toothbrush frequency, use of dental floss, number of present teeth, use of and need for dental prosthesis. Associations between the outcome and independent variables were performed with Poisson regression models with robust variance (p

Recent studies have demonstrated that, despite their nomenclature, gliomas recapitulate an interneuron progenitor-like state that drives tumor progression. During human neurodevelopment, interneurons arise from the subcortical ganglionic eminences and migrate tangentially into the neocortex, settling in the cortical plate where they integrate local neurocircuitry. Analogously, malignant glioblastoma (GBM) cells migrate from the tumor core into the surrounding healthy tissue. This innate infiltrative property renders these malignant cells elusive to surgical resection, leading to tumor recurrence. To understand the regulatory networks that drive tumor infiltration from a neurodevelopmental perspective, we generated a single-nucleus Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq) dataset of 41,000 nuclei from the core and infiltrative edge of surgically resected GBM specimens (n = 4). Concurrently, we sequenced 46,000 nuclei from non-pathological, postmortem samples of second- and third-trimester neocortices (n = 17). We integrated these datasets with paired single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data and identified candidate regulatory TFs that exhibit high correlation between motif enrichment and TF expression. Using single-trajectory inference and pseudo-time analyses, we identified TCF12 as a potential driver of interneuron lineage fate in developing cortical progenitors. Given its implication in projection neuron migration, we were intrigued to find that TCF12 activity is highest in GBM cells with a migratory interneuron signature, hinting at its putative role in tumor infiltration. To understand the significance of these findings, we will interrogate other genes in the TCF12 regulatory network with the ultimate goal of identifying therapeutic targets that inhibit GBM infiltration.

Myeloid cells comprise the majority of immune cells in tumors, where their content and composition is determined by tumor type and driver mutation. While these cells are essential for shaping the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor growth, and contributing to therapeutic resistance, targeting tumor-associated myeloid cells, including bone-marrow-derived monocytes and neutrophils, has not been successful in the clinics. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) family, comprising of Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl8, Ccl12, are essential for monocytes trafficking to the tumor sites. To eliminate monocyte recruitment, we leveraged CRISPR/Cas-9 based gene editing tool to generate a mouse strain that is devoid of all MCP genes, which we termed quadruple MCP knockout (qMCP-/-). Using these mice in combination with genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of glioblastoma (GBM), we abolished tumor monocyte infiltration. Due to the functional redundancy of MCP family members, we show that targeting individual MCP genes leads to compensation by other MCPs. In contrast, when all MCPs are genetically deleted and monocyte recruitment is abolished, neutrophil infiltration ensues. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that intratumoral neutrophils promoted proneural-to-mesenchymal transition in GBM, and supported tumor aggression by facilitating hypoxia response via TNF production. Remarkably, pharmacologic or genetic interventions that suppress both monocytes and neutrophil infiltration improve the survival of GBM-bearing mice. Taken together, our findings establish that specific subsets of myeloid cells can influence the dynamism of tumor microenvironment, and they emphasize the importance of targeting both monocytes and neutrophils simultaneously for effective GBM immunotherapy.

Tumors exhibit widespread enhancer landscape reprogramming compared to normal tissue. The etiology is believed to be largely cell-intrinsic in non-hormonal cancers, attributed to such genomic alterations as focal amplification of non-coding regions, aberrant activation of transcription factors, and non-coding mutations creating de novo transcription factor binding sites. Here, using freshly resected primary CRC tumors and patient-matched adjacent normal colon epithelia, we find divergent epigenetic landscapes between primary CRC tumors and CRC cell lines. We identify a unique super-enhancer signature largely absent in cell culture. Intriguingly, this phenomenon extends to highly recurrent aberrant super-enhancers gained in CRC over patient-matched normal epithelium suggesting novel insight into the etiology of enhancer reprogramming in CRC and its downstream relevance to tumor biology. We find one such super-enhancer activated in epithelial cancer cells due to surrounding inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. We restore this super-enhancer and its expressed gene, PDZK1IP1, following treatment with cytokines or xenotransplantation into nude mice, thus demonstrating its etiology via local tumor microenvironment acquisition. Building on its known role in glucose uptake via SGLT receptors, we demonstrate mechanistically that PDZK1IP1 enhances the reductive capacity CRC cancer cells via the pentose phosphate pathway using polar metabolomic profiling. We show this activation enables efficient growth under oxidative conditions both in vitro and in vivo, challenging the previous notion that PDZK1IP1 acts as a tumor suppressor in CRC. Collectively, these observations highlight the biologic significance of epigenomic profiling on patient-matched primary specimens and identify this microenvironment-acquired super-enhancer as an oncogenic driver in the setting of the inflamed tumor.

Objective: to understand family members’ perceptions of nursing care for people with psychiatric symptoms. Methods: qualitative study, with 13 family members, in five clinical inpatient units linked to the clinical nursing service of a general hospital. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: the challenges perceived by family members were turnover of professionals in the work schedules and difficulty in specialized management. The participants suggested training of the team, greater multi-professional integration, improved management and reduced turnover of professionals during care. Conclusion: family members verbalized difficulties and suggestions to support reflection on the care offered to people with psychiatric symptoms hospitalized in clinical units, in order to improve work practices and qualify care. Objetivo: compreender as percepções de familiares sobre o cuidado de enfermagem destinado às pessoas com sintomas psiquiátricos. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, com 13 familiares, em cinco unidades de internação clínica vinculadas ao serviço de enfermagem clínica de um hospital geral. A coleta de dados ocorreu mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados: os desafios percebidos pelos familiares foram: rotatividade dos profissionais nas escalas de trabalho e dificuldade de manejo especializado. Os participantes sugeriram capacitação da equipe, maior integração multiprofissional, melhora do manejo e diminuição da rotatividade dos profissionais durante o cuidado. Conclusão: os familiares verbalizaram dificuldades e sugestões para subsidiar a reflexão sobre o cuidado ofertado às pessoas com sintomas psiquiátricos internadas em unidades clínicas hospitalares, a fim de melhorar as práticas de trabalho e qualificar o cuidado.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most common causes of death; most SCD are related to secondary arrhythmias, to structural heart disease, or to primary electrical abnormalities of the heart. A significant number of SCD, especially among young people, are due to genetic heart disorders, both with structural and arrhythmogenic abnormalities. However SCD occurs also in patients with negative clinical history, autopsy is not always conclusive for a diagnosis. Recent technological advances in DNA sequencing, have led to the commercialization of genetic testing now widely available in clinical practice. In particular, next generation sequencing, allows the large-scale and rapid assessment of entire genomes. Analysis of SCD with a NGS panel of 174 genes was performed in our laboratory in order to identify the genetic causes and thus to direct the clinician to an accurate clinical and genetic screening of relatives. Two SDC were studied: Case 1: female, 57, without story of syncope and no previously highlighted cardiac alteration, died post cardiac arrest; negative family history. Autopsy was apparently negative. Case 2: male, 52, who died during a football game; negative family history, neurological episodes occurred before death was reported by close relative. Autopsy was positive for ventricular hypertrophic. In both cases we made a genetic diagnosis.

BACKGROUND Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive method of brain stimulation suggested as a therapeutic tool for pain and is related to the reversal of maladaptive plasticity associated with chronic pain. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of tDCS, a non-pharmacological therapy, on local mechanical hyperalgesia, and remote thermal hyperalgesia in rats submitted to orofacial inflammatory pain model, by facial von Frey and hot plate tests, respectively. In addition, we evaluated levels of BDNF, NGF, IL-10 and IL-6 in the brainstem and blood serum of these animals at 24 hours and 7 days after the end of tDCS treatment. METHODS Rats were subjected to temporomandibular joint pain and treated with tDCS. The animals were divided into control, pain and pain + treatment groups. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated at baseline, 7 days after administration of complete Freund's adjuvant, and immediately, 24 hours, and 7 days after the tDCS treatment. Neuroimmunomodulators levels were determined by ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed by (GEE)/Bonferroni (behavioural tests), three-way ANOVA/SNK (neurochemical tests) and Kruskal-Wallis (histological analysis). RESULTS Transcranial direct-current stimulation reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia (P

Objective: to understand family members’ perceptions of nursing care for people with psychiatric symptoms. Metho-ds: qualitative study, with 13 family members, in five clini-cal inpatient units linked to the clinical nursing service of a general hospital. Data were collected through semi-structu-red interviews. Results: the challenges perceived by family members were turnover of professionals in the work sche-dules and difficulty in specialized management. The parti-cipants suggested training of the team, greater multi-pro-fessional integration, improved management and reduced turnover of professionals during care. Conclusion: family members verbalized difficulties and suggestions to support reflection on the care offered to people with psychiatric symptoms hospitalized in clinical units, in order to improve work practices and qualify care. Objetivo: compreender as percepções de familiares sobre o cuidado de enfermagem destinado às pessoas com sintomas psiquiátricos. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, com 13 familia-res, em cinco unidades de internação clínica vinculadas ao serviço de enfermagem clínica de um hospital geral. A coleta de dados ocorreu mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados: os desafios percebidos pelos familiares foram: rotatividade dos profissionais nas escalas de trabalho e dificuldade de manejo especializado. Os participantes su-geriram capacitação da equipe, maior integração multiprofissional, melhora do manejo e diminuição da rotatividade dos profissionais durante o cuidado. Conclusão: os familiares verbalizaram dificuldades e sugestões para subsidiar a reflexão sobre o cuidado ofertado às pessoas com sintomas psiquiátricos internadas em unidades clínicas hospitalares, a fim de melhorar as práticas de trabalho e qualificar o cuidado.

Submitted by jualmei@stj.jus.br (jualmei@stj.jus.br) on 2021-06-24T23:04:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 direito_financeiro_outro_paula.pdf: 109120 bytes, checksum: d6680743e6020b94948e743a358611c6 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by betanial@stj.jus.br (betanial@stj.jus.br) on 2021-06-24T23:44:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) direito_financeiro_outro_paula.pdf: 109120 bytes, checksum: d6680743e6020b94948e743a358611c6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-24T23:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) direito_financeiro_outro_paula.pdf: 109120 bytes, checksum: d6680743e6020b94948e743a358611c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Objetivo: analisar os aspectos dificultadores na doação de sangue e as estratégias para captação de doadores. Méto- dos: estudo qualitativo realizado com 12 doadores. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e foram analisadas por Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: em relação aos aspectos dificultadores, foram pontuadas a falta de tempo e a pouca flexibilidade nos horários de aten- dimento, o deslocamento no acesso ao serviço e o medo do processo de doação. Como estratégias de captação, os en- trevistados verbalizam sobre a divulgação e campanhas in- ternas nas empresas, educação nas escolas e universidades, fidelização de doadores, flexibilidade nos horários do hemo- centro e unidades móveis para doação de sangue em pontos estratégicos da cidade. Conclusão: os doadores pontuaram dificuldades e sugestões de estratégias, constituindo-se em informações relevantes para propostas inovadoras que auxi- liem no processo de captação de novos doadores de sangue. Descritores: Enfermagem; Serviço de Hemoterapia; Doado- res de Sangue; Saúde; Estratégias. Objective: to analyze the aspects that hinder blood dona- tion and strategies to attract donors. Methods: qualitative study conducted with 12 donors. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Content Analysis. Results: regarding the complicating as- pects, the lack of time and little flexibility in service hours, the displacement in accessing the service and the fear of the donation process were scored. As strategies for attrac- tion, the interviewees talked about the dissemination and internal campaigns in companies, education in schools and universities, loyalty of donors, flexibility in the hours of the blood center and mobile units for blood donation at strate- gic points in the city. Conclusion: donors pointed out diffi- culties and suggestions for strategies, constituting relevant information for innovative proposals that help in the pro- cess of attracting new blood donors.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the large-size neurons may represent a key role in the neuronal synaptic plasticity and re-organization of neuronal function after a nerve injury. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive method of cerebral stimulation and represents a promising tool to pain management since it promotes neuroplasticity in the central system, and it can be combined with other interventions. The aim was to investigate the effects of tDCS in the NGF levels in central and peripheral nervous system structures of rats submitted to a neuropathic pain (NP) model. METHODS: The chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve was used for the induction of NP. For sham surgery, the sciatic nerve was exposed, but without any ligation. The control group did not undergo surgical procedure. After the establishment of NP, treated groups were subjected to tDCS treatment 0.5 mA/20min/day/8 days. NGF levels in cerebral cortex, spinal cord and sciatic nerve were determined by sandwich-ELISA at 48 hours and 7 days after the end of treatment. RESULTS: The CCI model increased NGF levels in all three structures analyzed at long-lasting time, evidencing the importance of this neurotrophin in neuropathic pain condition. On the other hand, there was no tDCS effect in the central and peripheral NGF levels discarding the participation of this neurotrophin in the analgesic tDCS effect. CONCLUSION: tDCS modulation effects of nociceptive pathways seem not to be linked to the NGF signaling in this chronic pain model. RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A expressão do fator de crescimento neural (NGF) em neurônios de diâmetro largo pode representar um papel importante na plasticidade sináptica neuronal e na reorganização da função neuronal após lesão neural. A estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) é um método não invasivo de estimulação cerebral e representa uma ferramenta promissora para o manejo da dor, pois promove neuroplasticidade no sistema central, podendo ser combinada com outras intervenções. O objetivo foi investigar os efeitos da ETCC nos níveis de NGF em estruturas do sistema nervoso central e periférico de ratos submetidos a um modelo de dor neuropática (DN). MÉTODOS: A constrição crônica (CCI) do nervo isquiático foi utilizada para indução do modelo de DN. Na cirurgia sham, o nervo foi exposto, no entanto não houve constrição do nervo. O grupo controle não foi submetido ao procedimento cirúrgico. Após estabelecimento da DN, os grupos tratados foram submetidos a ETCC 0,5 mA/20min/dia/8 dias. Os níveis de NGF no córtex cerebral, medula espinal e nervo isquiático foram mensurados pela técnica de ELISA 48 horas e 7 dias após o final do tratamento. RESULTADOS: O modelo de dor CCI aumentou os níveis de NGF nas três estruturas analisadas, evidenciando a importância desta neurotrofina na dor neuropática. Por outro lado, não houve efeito da ETCC nos níveis de NGF central e periférico, descartando o papel desta neurotrofina no efeito analgésico da ETCC. CONCLUSÃO: Efeitos da ETCC sobre vias nociceptivas não estão diretamente relacionados com a sinalização do NGF neste modelo de dor crônica.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and accessory proteases (TMPRSS2 and CTSL) are needed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cellular entry, and their expression may shed light on viral tropism and impact across the body. We assessed the cell-type-specific expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CTSL across 107 single-cell RNA-sequencing studies from different tissues. ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CTSL are coexpressed in specific subsets of respiratory epithelial cells in the nasal passages, airways and alveoli, and in cells from other organs associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission or pathology. We performed a meta-analysis of 31 lung single-cell RNA-sequencing studies with 1,320,896 cells from 377 nasal, airway and lung parenchyma samples from 228 individuals. This revealed cell-type-specific associations of age, sex and smoking with expression levels of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CTSL. Expression of entry factors increased with age and in males, including in airway secretory cells and alveolar type 2 cells. Expression programs shared by ACE2+TMPRSS2+ cells in nasal, lung and gut tissues included genes that may mediate viral entry, key immune functions and epithelial-macrophage cross-talk, such as genes involved in the interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and complement pathways. Cell-type-specific expression patterns may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and our work highlights putative molecular pathways for therapeutic intervention.

Resumo : O senso comum na pratica juridica tem criticado o formalismo, como uma atitude mecânica de interpretacao e aplicacao do Direito, que nao se afinaria com as atuais necessidades da sociedade. No caso do Direito Tributario, porem, existe uma longa tradicao de valorizacao da certeza e da tipicidade cerrada, que redundaria na defesa da dignidade das regras juridicas e na tomada da seguranca como bem juridico de especial protecao para os contribuintes. Isso leva a que a dogmatica tributaria tradicional aceite, em algum grau, as quatro teses principais do formalismo juridico: restricao judicial, determinacao, conceitualismo e amoralidade da adjudicacao. Tais teses que constituem o nucleo do formalismo sao tipos ideias, pois nao sao vetores que informar a interpretacao e aplicacao do Direito Tributario em todas as situacoes. Este artigo, ao contrario das tendencias de apoiar e desaprovar o formalismo tributario, coloca-o em discussao, para concluir um pouco de formalismo ainda existe e e esperado na interpretacao e aplicacao do Direito Tributario, propondo, afinal, que fiscais e julgadores se valham do que se nomeia como formalismo moderado na solucao de conflitos. Palavras-chave : formalismo, seguranca juridica, direito tributario, teoria da decisao. Abstract : Common sense in legal practice has criticised formalism, as a mechanical attitude of interpretation and application of law, which would not be tuned to the current needs of society. In the case of tax law, however, there is a long tradition of valuing the certainty and the close typicality, which would make the defense of the dignity of the legal rules and the taking of security as a legal right of special protection for taxpayers. This leads to the traditional tax dogmatic accepted, to some degree, the four main theses of legal formalism: judicial restriction, determination, conceptualism and amorality of the award. These theses that constitute the nucleus of formalism are ideas types, because they are not vectors that inform the interpretation and application of tax law in all situations. This article, unlike the tendencies to support and disapprove of tax formalism, puts it into discussion, to conclude a little formalism still exists and is expected in the interpretation and application of tax law, proposing, after all, that tax and Judges are worth what they appoint as moderate formalism in resolving conflicts. Keywords : formalism, legal certainty, tax law, decision theory.

Objective: To reflect on the mental health of Nursing professionals in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Method: This is a theoretical-reflective study based on the discursive formulation on the theme and supported by the national and international scientific literature and by the authors' critical analysis. Results: The analyzed studies, along with the care practice, showed that Nursing professionals are susceptible to the exacerbation of symptoms such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, anguish, and stress in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, in view of their exhaustive work shifts, patients' deaths, risk of infecting themselves and their families, and social isolation. Final considerations: The mental health of Nursing professionals needs to be listed as one of the priorities for health managers, guaranteeing strategies and public policies that ensure sanity for those who are in the front line of the fight against the pandemic. RESUMEN Objetivo: Reflexiones sobre la salud mental de los profesionales de Enfermería en el contexto de la pandemia de coronavirus. Método: Estudio teórico-reflexivo basado en la formulación discursiva sobre el tema respaldada por literatura científica nacional e internacional y por el análisis crítico de los autores. Resultados: Los estudios analizados, sumados a la práctica asistencial, demuestran que los profesionales de Enfermería son susceptibles a la exacerbación de síntomas como depresión, ansiedad, insomnio, angustia y estrés en medio de la pandemia de coronavirus, en vista de los exhaustivos turnos de trabajo, la muerte de los pacientes, el riesgo de autocontaminación y de contagio de sus familias y el aislamiento social. Consideraciones finales: La salud mental de los profesionales de Enfermería debe figurar como una de las prioridades para los gerentes de salud, garantizando estrategias y políticas públicas que aseguren la salud de quienes están en la primera línea de lucha contra la pandemia. RESUMO Objetivo: Refletir sobre a saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem no contexto na pandemia de coronavírus. Método: Estudo teórico-reflexivo baseado na formulação discursiva acerca da temática, sustentado pela literatura científica nacional e internacional e análise crítica dos autores. Resultados: Os estudos analisados, somados à prática assistencial, têm evidenciado que os profissionais de enfermagem são suscetíveis à exacerbação de sintomas como depressão, ansiedade, insônia, angústia, estresse, em meio à pandemia de coronavírus, tendo em vista os turnos exaustivos de trabalho, a morte de pacientes, risco de autocontaminação e de seus familiares e isolamento social. Considerações finais: A saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem necessita ser elencada como uma das prioridades para os gestores de saúde, garantindo estratégias e políticas públicas que assegurem a sanidade para estes que estão na linha de enfrentamento da pandemia.

Nos últimos anos, tem surgido uma nova consciência para melhorar a qualidade de vida e reduzir tanto os danos à saúde quanto os gastos com tratamentos. Isso tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento e aumento do uso dos alimentos funcionais, nutracêuticos e nutricosméticos. Devido a isso e ao aumento dos estudos e pesquisas na área, uma revisão mostra-se importante para consolidação dos argumentos baseados em evidências científicas. Tendo isto em vista, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação do consumo de nutricosméticos nas desordens estéticas selecionadas: acne e envelhecimento cutâneo. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com base em análise documental, constituindo-se de uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso de nutricosméticos na prevenção e tratamento da acne e envelhecimento cutâneo. Os estudos analisados neste trabalho trouxeram o ômega 3 e os probióticos como principais nutricosméticos que atuam no tratamento da acne, melhorando os sinais de inflamação dessa desordem. Já para o envelhecimento cutâneo, os principais nutricosméticos evidenciados, foram aqueles à base de propriedades antioxidantes. Todos mostraram que os efeitos antioxidantes contribuem para atenuar os sinais de envelhecimento. Ao final desta revisão, reforçamos a ideia de que os nutricosméticos apresentados vem a contribuir com os tratamentos em nutrição estética.Descritores: Ciências da Nutrição; Estética; Fitoterapia; Envelhecimento.ReferênciasBorumand M, Sibila S. Daily consumption of the collagen supplement Pure Gold Collagen® reduces visible signs of aging. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;13(9):1747-58.Addor FAS. Abordagem nutricional do envelhecimento cutâneo: correlação entre efeitos em fibroblastos e resultados clínicos. Surg Cosmet Dermatol. 2011;3(1):12-16.Strutzel E, Cabello H, Queiroz L, Falcão MC. Análise dos Fatores de risco para o envelhecimento da pele: aspectos gerais e nutricionais. Rev Bras Nutr Clin. 2007;22(2):139-45Barros MD, Oliveira RPA. Tratamento estético e conceito de belo. Ciências Biológicas e de Saúde Unit Facipe. 2017;3(1):65-74.Silva CM, Santos RA, Cavalcante CFE. Os benefícios da nutrição na prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo. Rev Conexão Eletrônica. 2016;13:1.Gonçalves GMS, Maia Campos PMBG. Ácido ascórbico e ascorbil fosfato de magnésio na prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo. Infarma. 2006;18:1.Maciel D, Oliveira GG. Prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo e atenuação de linhas de expressão pelo aumento da síntese de colágeno. V Congresso Multiprofissional em saúde. Atenção ao idoso. P 1. Londrina. Brasil. 2011.Costa A, Lage D, Moisés TA. Acne e dieta: Verdade ou Mito? An Bras Dermatol. 2010;85(3):346-53.Côrtes MGB. Acne e Dieta [monografia]. Salvador: Universidade Federal da Bahia; 2012.Dias AMPSP. Nutrição e Pele [monografia]. Porto: Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação - Universidade do Porto; 2008. Tulio KD, Souza T, Gebara S. Estética e Nutrição: o uso da dietoterapia associada aos tratamentos estéticos na prevenção do envelhecimento precoce. Dispoível em: http://tcconline.utp.br/ ?p=36900. Acesso em 08 abr. 2019.Moraes FP, Colla LM. Alimentos funcionais e nutracêuticos: definições, legislação e benefícios à saúde. Rev Eletr Farm. 2006;3(2):109-22.Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA. Alimentos funcionais. Isponível em:http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/resultado-de-busca?p_p_id=101&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column1&p_p_col_count=1&_101_struts_action=%2Fasset_publisher%2Fview_content&_101_assetEntryId=2866855&_101_type=content&_101_groupId=219201&_101_urlTitle=alimentos-funcionais&inheritRedirect=true. Acesso em 08 abr. 2019.Barcarol LN, Santos MR, Rubin RH, Lima CP, Bonatto JGB, Rech LS, et al. Alimentos Funcionais e Nutracêuticos. XVI Seminário Interinstitucional de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão. Unicruz, 1. Cruz Alta. Brasil. 2012.Ruiz BFN, Carreira CM, Palma GHD, Gonçalves VF, Ruiz KF, Lonni AASG. Nutricosméticos: um conceito inovador. Visão Acadêmica. 2014;15:2.Witt JSGZ, Schneider AP. Nutrição estética: valorização do corpo e da beleza através do cuidado nutricional. Ciênc saúde colet. 2011;16(9):3909-16.Fiedler F, Stangl GI, Fiedler Taube, KM. Acne and nutrition: a systematic review. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(1):7-9.Berbel CZ, Ferreira, KFR Sampaio, LRSG, Carreira, CM, Lonni, AASG. Probióticos no tratamento de dermatite atópica e Acne. Visão Acadêmica.2016;17(2):94-115.Jung JY, Kwon HH, Hong JS, Yoon JY, Park MS, Jang MS et al. Effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid and gamma-linolenic acid on acne vulgaris: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014;94(5):521-25.Agak GW, Qin M, Nobe J, Kim MH, Krutzik SR, Tristan GR et al. Propionibacterium acnes induces an interleukin-17 response in acne vulgaris that is regulated by vitamin A and vitamin D. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134(2):366-73.Kucharka A, Szmurto A, Sinska B. Significance of diet in treated and untreated acne vulgaris. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2016;33(2):81-6.Rubin MG, Kim, K, Logan, AC. Acne vulgaris, mental health and omega-3 fatty acids: a report of cases. Lipids Health Dis. 2008;7:36.Khayef G, Young J, Whitmore BB, Spalding T. Effects of fish oil supplementation on inflammatory acne. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;11:165.Kober MM, Bowe WP. The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoagin. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2015;1(2):85–89.Wang Y, Kuo S, Shu M, Yu J, Hang S, Dai A et al. Staphylococcus epidermidis in the human skin microbiome mediates fermentation to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes: implications of probiotics in acne vulgaris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014;98(1):411-24.Santos MP, Oliveira NRF.Ação das vitaminas antioxidantes na prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo. Disciplinarum cientia. 2013;14(1):75-89.Lee DE, Huh CS, Ra J, Choi DII, Jeong JW, Kim SH et al. Clinical evidence of effects of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 on skin aging: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015;25(12):2160-68.Schalka S, Magalhães WV, Cazerta C, Shitara D, Sufi BS, Quadros A. Composto nutracêutico aumenta a síntese de colágeno, elastina e ácido hialurônico. Surg Cosmet Dermatol. 2017;9(1):46-50.Battisti ZB, Costa VJA, Bertolin ET. Nutricosméticos no processo de envelhecimento de mulheres. Rev Bras Nutr Clin. 2014;29(1):51-62.Nobile V, Michelotti A, Cestone E, Caturla N, Castillo J, Benavente-García O et al. Skin photoprotective and antiageing effects of a combination of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinallis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) polyphenols. Food Nutr Res. 2016;60:103402.Davinelli S, Bertoglio JC, Polineni A, Scapagnini G. Cytoprotective polyphenols against chronological skin aging and cutaneous photodamage. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(2):99-105.Alves ACL. O resveratrol como molécula anti-envelhecimento [dissertação]. Lisboa: Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde; 2015.Robim MES, Pereira MA, Eskelsen MW. Envelhecimento cutâneo “versus” efeitos do resveratrol: uma revisão da literatura. Rev Eletr Estácio Saúde. 2013;2(1):69-82.

This study assessed the effects of an acute stress model upon the long-term hyperalgesia induced by repeated morphine administration in neonatal rats. We also evaluated neurotrophins and cytokines levels; expressions of adenosine and acetylcholine receptors, and acetylcholinesterase enzyme at the spinal cord.Male Wistar rats were subjected to morphine or saline administration from P8 to P14. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hyperesthesia were assessed using the hot plate (HP) and von Frey (vF) tests, respectively, at postnatal day P30 and P60. After baseline measurements, rats were subjected to a single exercise session, as an acute stress model, at P30 or P60. We measured the levels of BDNF and NGF, interleukin-6, and IL-10 in the cerebral cortex and the brainstem; and the expression levels of adenosine and muscarinic receptors, as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme at the spinal cord.A stress exercise session was not able to revert the morphine-induced hyperalgesia. The morphine and exercise association in rats induced a decrease in the neurotrophins brainstem levels, and ASingle session of exercise does not revert hyperalgesia induced by morphine in rats; however, morphine plus exercise modulate neurotrophins, IL-6 central levels, and expression of adenosine receptors.

Submitted by Maria Fernanda Leite (leitem@stj.jus.br) on 2020-11-25T21:44:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 impacto_direito_familias_giotti.pdf: 12105799 bytes, checksum: ba31ab9b6e50b4080cec101a9180a8b0 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by betanial@stj.jus.br (betanial@stj.jus.br) on 2020-11-26T13:07:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 impacto_direito_familias_giotti.pdf: 12105799 bytes, checksum: ba31ab9b6e50b4080cec101a9180a8b0 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-26T13:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 impacto_direito_familias_giotti.pdf: 12105799 bytes, checksum: ba31ab9b6e50b4080cec101a9180a8b0 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020