1. A wheat aleurone-rich diet improves oxidative stress but does not influence glucose metabolism in overweight/obese individuals: Results from a randomized controlled trial
- Author
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Giuseppina Costabile, Marilena Vitale, Giuseppe Della Pepa, Paola Cipriano, Claudia Vetrani, Roberta Testa, Pedro Mena, Letizia Bresciani, Michele Tassotti, Luca Calani, Daniele Del Rio, Furio Brighenti, Raffaele Napoli, Angela A. Rivellese, Gabriele Riccardi, Rosalba Giacco, Costabile, G., Vitale, M., Della Pepa, G., Cipriano, P., Vetrani, C., Testa, R., Mena, P., Bresciani, L., Tassotti, M., Calani, L., Del Rio, D., Brighenti, F., Napoli, R., Rivellese, A. A., Riccardi, G., and Giacco, R.
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Dietary Fiber ,Inflammation ,Glucose metabolism ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Whole-grain cereals ,Plant Protein ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Oxidative Stre ,Middle Aged ,Overweight ,Diet ,Betaine ,Oxidative stress ,Wheat-aleurone ,Humans ,Whole-grain cereal ,Obesity ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Human ,Aged ,Plant Proteins - Abstract
Background and aims: Aleurone is the innermost layer of wheat bran, rich in fiber, minerals, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and betaine. The metabolic effects of aleurone rich foods are still unknown. Our aim was to investigate the effects of consuming a Wheat Aleurone rich diet vs. a Refined Wheat diet for 8 weeks on fasting and postprandial glycemic and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in overweight/obese individuals. Methods and results: According to a randomized cross-over study design, 23 overweight/obese individuals, age 56 +/- 9 years (M +/- SD), were assigned to two isoenergetic diet - Wheat Aleurone and Refined Wheat diets - for 8 weeks. The diets were similar for macronutrient composition but different for the aleurone content (40-50 g/day in the Wheat Aleurone diet). After each diet, fasting and postprandial plasma metabolic profile, ferulic acid metabolites and 8-isoprostane concentrations in 24-h urine samples were evaluated. Compared with the Refined Wheat Diet, the Wheat Aleurone Diet increased fasting plasma concentrations of betaine by 15% (p = 0.042) and decreased the excretion of 8-isoprostane by 33% (p = 0.035). Conversely, it did not affect the fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride responses, homocysteine, and C-Reactive Protein concentrations, nor excretion of phenolic metabolites. Conclusion: An 8-week Wheat Aleurone Diet improves the oxidative stress and increases plasma betaine levels in overweight/obese individuals with an increased cardiometabolic risk. However, further studies with longer duration and larger sample size are needed to evaluate the benefits of aleurone-rich foods on glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with more severe metabolic abnormalities. (c) 2021 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2022